A Seminar presentation on

DIAMOND CHIP

Presented By: Raj Kumar Jain (EC08092)

Contents:
Introduction. What is Diamond chip.? Invention. Carbon nano-tube (CNT). Diamond chip v/s Silicon Chip. Conclusion.

INTRODUCTION

Electronics without silicon is unbelievable. Pure Silicon and Germanium are semiconductors . These were used widely for manufacturing of electronic components. Disadvantages when used in power electronics application, such as: 1) bulk in size. 2) slow operating speed, etc.

Fig: Part of modern periodic table

Contd
Research people found that carbon has more advantages than silicon. Using carbon as the manufacturing material, we can achieve smaller, faster and stronger chips.

Fig. : carbon atom

What is Diamond chip?

Diamond Chip or Carbon Chip is an Electronic Chip manufactured on a diamond structure Carbon wafer. Diamond structural carbon is non conducting in nature. To make it conducting, doping process is performed. Boron-- as the p-type. Nitrogen--as the n-type.

Invention

Developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT), Japan, 1991.

A diamond semiconductor operates on a 81 GHz frequency, and is more than twice the speed of earlier devices.

Carbon nano-tube (CNT)

CNTs are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. CNTs are Nanodimensional tube made up of graphite layers. Nanotubes have been constructed with lengthto-diameter ratio of up to 28,000,000:1.

Fig. :- Structure of CNT

Importance of CNTs in diamond chip

It will be the major component in the carbon chip. We can realize carbon nanotube transistors and single molecular logic circuits using carbon nanotube. It is also used for inter connecting various components.

Classification of CNTs

(SWNT)

(MWNT)

Properties of CNTs
Average diameter of 1.2 nm-1.4 nm. Highly stable. High current density. Good thermal conductivity. High tensile strength. High density. Twisting angle dependence.

Figure: Variation of band gap energy with twisting angle BAND GAP TWISTING ANGLE

Applications of CNTs
Interconnections inside the chip. Carbon nanotube transistor (CNFET) manufacturing. Molecular logic circuit.

Fig. :- Structure of CNFET

Fig. :- CNFET on a Film

Fig. :- Single Molecular logic circuit

How nanotubes are useful in digital logic?

Simple inverter device consists of a nanotube FET and a large bias resistance: which converts a high input voltage to a low one i.e., "one" to "zero" - and vice versa. By adding an extra FET in parallel, the researchers made a NOR gate. This device needs two "zero" inputs to give a "one" output, or two "ones" to give a "zero.

Diamond chip v/s silicon chip

There are several advantages of Diamond chip over Silicon chip:

Smaller components are possible. It works at higher temperature. Faster than silicon chip. Larger power handling capacity.

Limitations of Diamond chip

Much more expensive than silicon. Electricity cannot travel smoothly through diamond.

Conclusion
The chip would be most useful in critically high temperatures. for ex. : devices located near hot-burning engines. Thus Diamond Chip replaces the need of silicon chip in every aspect in future generations.

Query.???