PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MULTILAYER OPTICAL NETWORKS

Presented by PULAKESH BHARALI 1HK08CS060

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN A MULTILAYER OPTICAL SYSTEM

CONTENTS
Introduction Optical Media Multimode and Single-Mode fiber Wavelength Division Multiplexing Evolution of optical networking
Intelligent optical networks Multilayer Optical networks Examples

Performance Evaluation Parameters Affecting Performance Limitations Conclusion Bibliography

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN A MULTILAYER OPTICAL SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
The need for a faster medium with higher bandwidth.
Within time, the amount of traffic on networks and the speed at which the traffic has to be transmitted always becomes higher. The deployment of optical fiber and Wavelength Division Multiplexing has proven to be a good solution for this.
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Optical Media
Optical networks use fiber optic cable to transmit data. messages modulated into light waves. Greater bandwidth. Light pulses are used to transmit data.
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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN A MULTILAYER OPTICAL SYSTEM

Multimode and Single-Mode fiber

Multimode fiber designed to carry multiple light rays each at a slightly different reflection angle within the core. Used for short distances. Single-mode fiber is designed for the transmission of a single ray of light. Used for long distance signal transmission.

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN A MULTILAYER OPTICAL SYSTEM

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

When all the installed fibers (4,12,24 & 48) have been used. more signals on the same fiber (thus cost-effective) WDM bundles several colors (invisible to the human eye) together on a fiber, each of them representing a signal.

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN A MULTILAYER OPTICAL SYSTEM

Evolution of optical networking

Intelligent optical networks
With the popularity of the internet ,the traffic patterns have become more dynamic. Optical networks need to react more quickly to these changes. IONs(Intelligent Optical Networks) solves this problem.

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN A MULTILAYER OPTICAL SYSTEM

Multilayer networks
The use of ION functionality in an IP-over-OTN (Optical Transport Network) allows us to dynamically reconfigure the logical IP networkwhen needed. Logical links can be added where the capacity of existing links seems insufficient. For every logical link, there is a light path in the optical layer. The logical topology is virtual: real routers but no actual cables. Two nodes in this layer can be directly connected, even though there exist no direct links in the physical layer.
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Multilayer networks(eg)
Multilayer Topolgy Topology in the logical layer

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN A MULTILAYER OPTICAL SYSTEM

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
The goal of performance management is to enable service providers to provide guaranteed quality of service to the users of their network. Performance management is closely tied in to fault management. Fault management also includes restoring service in the event of failures.

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Parameters affecting Performance

The Impact of Transparency

BER(bit error rate) Measurement

Optical Trace Alarm Management

Data Communication Network (DCN) and Signaling

Policing Optical Supervisory Channel Client Layers

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 BER(bit error rate) Measurement

- The bit error rate (BER)is the key performance attribute associatedwith a lightpath.

-can be detected only when the signal is available in the electrical domain
-overhead consists of parity check bytes by which the BER can becomputed.
Optical Trace - Itisdesirable tohavea unique identierassociatedwitheach lightpath. -This identier is called an op-tical path trace.The trace enables the management system to identify, verify, andmanage the connectivity of a lightpath.

-fault isolation in the event that incorrect connections are made.

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 Alarm Management - In a network, a single failure event may cause multiple alarms to be generated all over the network and incorrect actions to be taken in response to the failed condition. -Alarm suppression is accomplished by using a set of special signals, called the forward defect indicator (FDI) and the backward defect indicator(BDI).

POLICING -monitor the wavelength and power levels of signals being input to the network to ensure that they meet the requirements imposed by the network.
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Limitations of Optical Fiber Cable Networks:

Single mode cables and their associated optics (active components) are very expensive. Even though multi-mode cables/ optics are less expensive, they are not even close to the costs of copper UTP cables/ ports. Moreover, multi-mode cables have restrictions in distance for supporting higher bandwidth (like 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps). There are outdoor fiber cables but they need to be shielded well. This shielding makes them less agile/ flexible to run in all the places and it increases the cost of cables as well. Fiber cables can not be directly terminated on to the network/ optical switches. They need a whole array of active/ passive components like SFP Modules, Fiber Patch Cords, appropriate connectors, Fiber Patch Panel (LIU), Pigtails and Couplers. All these components add the cost of fiber network implementation at each location. Each Core of the Optical Fiber cable needs to be spliced in order to complete the connection to the network/optical switch. Both the splicing equipment and the cost of installation (for splicing) per core is quite high. Fiber splicing is a complicated procedure and requires skilled manpower to achieve. If it is not done properly, there will be performance degradation.
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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN A MULTILAYER OPTICAL SYSTEM

CONCLUSION
Clearly, networking has undergone tremendous changes over the past 25 years.more wide spread adoption of OTN technology to simplify network operations, a greater role for Ethernet, increased use of optics to achieve cost efficiencies, and a mix of wavelength line-rates (possibly in conjunction with wavebands) to better match the service granularities. Whatever direction networks follow, it is clear that steady traffic growth, with a greater diversity of services, will continue. To meet this growth, carriers will continue to seek technologies that provide cost, scalability, and operational advantages.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Optical Networks,A Practical Perspective,Third Edition Data Connection Computer Technology, Introduction to MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS), http://www.dataconnection.com/mpls/whatis.htm Ghent University - IMEC, Department of Information Technology, Multi-layer Traffic Engineering in Data-centric Optical Networks, Illustration of concepts and benefits Paola Iovanna, Roberto Sabella, and Marina Settembre, Ericsson Lab Italy, A Traffic Engineering System for Multilayer Networks Based on the GMPLS Paradigm Ghent University - IMEC, Department of Information Technology, Influence of the observation window size on the performance of multi-layer traffic engineering