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A Seminar on

BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACES


By: AMIT VARMA

INTRODUCTION
Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-growing technology,which is aimed at building a direct channel between the human brain and the computer. A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a method in which a brain identifies and controls any mechanical device in the same way as it handles a natural part of the body. BCIs read electrical signals or other manifestations of brain activity and translate them into a digital form that computers can understand, process, and convert into actions of some kind, such as moving a cursor or turning on a TV.

EARLY WORK
Algorithms to reconstruct movements from motor cortex neurons, which control movement, were developed in 1970s. The first Intra-Cortical Brain-Computer Interface was built by implanting electrodes into monkeys. After conducting initial studies in rats during the 1990s, researchers developed Brain Computer Interfaces that decoded brain activity in monkeys and used the devices to reproduce movements in monkeys and used the devices to reproduce monkey movements in robotic arms.

HOW BCI WORK

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
1.
Signal Acquisition(EEG,ECOG)
Digitisation Signal Processing Device Commands

2.

3.

4.

MODEL

BCI APPROACHES

Types

Invasive

Semiinvasive

Noninvasive

INVASIVE BCIs
Implanted: grey matter Signals: highest quality Scar-tissue build-up Paralysis cure

INVASIVE BCIs contd.

NON-INVASIVE BCIs
Poor signal resolution Power muscle implants and restore partial movement Interfaces EEG MEG MRI

PARTIALLY INVASIVE BCIs


Implanted: skull Lower risk of forming scar-tissue in the brain Signal quality between invasive BCIs & non-invasive BCIs

WIRELESS BCIs
More practical Embedding multiple chips More complicated thoughts Transmission with RF Key requirement: keep the heat down.

WHY BCI ?
BCI is a new neuroscience paradigm that might help us better understand how the human brain works BCI research allows us to develop a new class of bioengineering control devices and robots BCI hold promise for rehabilitation and improving performance BCI can expand possibilities for advanced human computer interfaces (HCIs)

BCI APPLICATIONS
Enabling disabled people o Vision and hearing o Paralysis treatment o Prosthetic devices (legs, hands etc) Psychotherapy o Diagnostics o Treatment Military and civil research o Making dangerous jobs

ADVANTAGES
BCIs will help creating a Direct communication between a human or animal brain and computers. Techniques like EEG,MEG and neurochips have come into discussions since the BCI application have started developing This has provided a new work area for scientists and researchers around the world. Also it provides better living, more features, more advancement in technologies etc.

DISADVANTAGES
In case of Invasive BCI there is a risk of formation use scar tissue There is a need of extensive training before user can use techniques like EEG BCI techniques still require much enhancement before they can be used by users as they are slow. BCI techniques are costly.

PROJECT HONDA ASIMO CONTROL

FUTURE WORK
Improving physical methods for gathering EEGs Improving generalization Improving knowledge of how to interpret waves

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