Presentation by: Dr.

Natasha Kaul MBA Hospital Management Final Semester

Subject: Hospital Waste Management Faculty: Mr. Kapil Ingole

Infectious Waste Management in Healthcare Organization

Date : 12th April 2012

What is Infectious waste ?

Infectious

waste is suspected to contain pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi) in sufficient concentration or quantity to cause disease in susceptible hosts.

Infectious wastes (also called biomedical waste) include human waste, animal waste and objects and materials contaminated with blood and body fluids containing disease-causing micro-organisms or viruses.
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It includes
Cultures

and stocks of infectious agents from laboratory work; Waste from surgery and autopsies on patients with infectious diseases Waste from infected patients in isolation wards Waste that has been in contact with infected patients undergoing haemodialysis Infected animals from laboratories; Any other instruments or materials that have been in contact with infected persons or animals.

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Sharps

Sharps are items that could cause cuts or puncture wounds: Needles Scalpel Blades Knives Infusion sets Other sharp instruments Whether infected or not highly hazardous. Often considered to be a sub category of infectious wastes.
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Hazards from infectious wastes

Infectious wastes contain a great variety of pathogenic organisms which can enter the human body via: Puncture, abrasion or cut in skin, Mucous membranes Ingestion Inhalation Special concern:

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HIV Hepatitis B and C E-Coli

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Sharps Double Risk

Injury Disease Transmission Hypodermic needles are very high risk

Contaminated with human blood Easy penetration into skin

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Examples of infections caused

Infection Type
Gastro enteric infections Respiratory infections

Organism
Enterobacteria M. Tuberculosis

Vehicle
Faeces and/or Vomit Inhaled secretion/saliva

S. Pnuemoniae
Measles virus Candidaemia Candida Albicans Blood

Ocular Infection

Herpes virus

Eye secretions

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Public health impact of infectious waste

Risk for: Healthcare Workers Waste management operators General public spread of epidemics

Dangerous numbers;
June1994 -39 cases of occupational transmission of AIDS. Out of which 32 were by hypodermic needles Highest risk group is nursing staff.
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WHO principles

Polluter pays Precautionary

Duty of care
Proximity

Waste reduction, recycling and reuse9 Infectious Waste Management in HCO 24-Apr-12

Hospital waste management structure

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Healthcare waste workers protection

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Personnel protection

Protective clothing Personal hygiene Immunization Management Practices Emergency spillage clearance Response to injury and exposure

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Symbols at all appropriate places.

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Administrative controls
Conducting

a risk assessment of the materials in

use
Adhering

to vaccination schedules and training schedules personnel to handle specific infectious materials and their hazards

Training

Promoting

individual awareness of personal protective equipment use and engineering controls (sample containers) to minimize or eliminate potential exposure
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Sharps precaution

Do not recap, bend, break, or otherwise manipulate used needles by hand. Do not remove used needles from disposable syringes. Place used sharps in labeled or color-coded punctureresistant, leak-proof, closable, sharps containers for disposal. Do not overfill sharps containers. Consider the use of alternative, non-sharps equipment whenever possible.
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CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE SCHEDULE I

WASTE CATEGORY
Category No. 1 TYPE OF WASTE Human Anatomical Waste (Human tissues, organs, body parts)

TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OPTION

Incineration@ / deep burial*

Category No. 2

Animal Waste (Animal tissues, organs, body parts, carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood and Incineration@ / deep experimental animals used in research, burial* waste generated by veterinary hospitals and colleges, discharge from hospitals, animal houses) Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste (Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks or specimen of live micro organisms or attenuated vaccines, human and animal Local autoclaving/ cell cultures used in research and microwaving / infectious agents from research and incineration@ industrial laboratories, wastes from production of biologicals, toxins and devices used for transfer of cultures)

Category No. 3

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Category No. 4

Waste Sharps (Needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, glass, etc. that may cause puncture and cuts. This includes both used and unused sharps) Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs (Wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated and discarded medicines)

Disinfecting (chemical treatment@@ / autoclaving / microwaving and mutilation / shredding## Incineration@ / destruction and drugs disposal in secured landfills

Category No. 5

Category No. 6

Soiled Waste (Items contaminated with body fluids including cotton, Incineration@ / dressings, soiled plaster casts, lines, autoclaving / bedding and other materials microwaving contaminated with blood.) Solid Waste (Waste generated from disposable items other than the waste sharps such as tubing, catheters, intravenous sets, etc.)

Category No. 7
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Disinfecting by chemical treatment@@ / autoclaving / microwaving and mutilation / shredding#

Category No. 8

Liquid Waste (Waste generated from Disinfecting by the laboratory and washing, chemical treatment@@ cleaning, house keeping and and discharge into disinfecting activities) drains

Category No. 9

Incineration Ash (Ash from Disposal in municipal incineration of any biomedical waste) landfill

Chemical Waste (Chemicals used in production of biologicals, chemicals Category No.10 used in disinfecting, as insecticides, etc.)
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Chemical treatment @@ and discharge into drains for liquids and secured landfill for solids.

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There is lots more that can be put under this topic. Time considerations Have included most important issues

Thanks

a lot

References: WHO waste handling manual

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