The Triangle and its Properties

The Triangle and its Properties

Triangle is a simple closed curve made of three line segments.
Triangle has three vertices, three sides and three angles. In ABC Sides: Angles: AB, BC and CA BAC, ABC and BCA

Vertices:

A, B and C

The side opposite to the vertex A is BC.

Classification of triangles
Based on the sides
Scalene Triangles
No equal sides No equal angles
Scalene

Isosceles Triangles
Two equal sides Two equal angles
Isosceles

Equilateral Triangles
Three equal sides Three equal angles,
always 60
Equilateral

Classification of triangles
Based on Angles
Acute-angled Triangle
All angles are less than 90
Acute Triangle

Obtuse-angled Triangle
Has an angle more than 90
Obtuse Triangle

Right-angled triangles
Has a right angle (90)
Right Triangle

MEDIANS OF A TRIANGLE
A median of a triangle is a line segment joining a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side A triangle has three medians.

The three medians always meet at a single point. Each median divides the triangle into two smaller triangles which have the same area The centroid (point where they meet) is the center of gravity of the triangle
.

ALTITUDES OF A TRIANGLE
Altitude line segment from a vertex that intersects the opposite side at a right angle. Any triangle has three altitudes.

ALTITUDES OF A TRIANGLE
Definition of an Altitude of a Triangle A segment is an altitude of a triangle if and only if it has one endpoint at a vertex of a triangle and the other on the line that contains the side opposite that vertex so that the segment is perpendicular to this line.
B

C A

ACUTE

OBTUSE

ALTITUDES OF A TRIANGLE
Can a side of a triangle be its altitude?
A

YES!

B RIGHT

If ABC is a right triangle, identify its altitudes.

BG, AB and BC are its altitudes.

ANGLE SUM PROPERTY OF A TRIANGLE

l
The measure of the three angles of a triangle sum to 1800 . Given: Triangle

To Prove : Construction:

A + B + C = 1800 Draw line l through C parallel

to the base AB
Proof: C + D + E = 1800 ..Straight line

A = D and B = E.Alternate angles

C + B + A = 1800
A + B + C = 1800

EXTERIOR ANGLE OF A TRIANGLE AND ITS PROPERTY

An exterior angle of a triangle equals the sum of the two interior opposite angles in measure.

Given: In ABC extend BC to D

To Prove: ACD = ABC + BAC

B
Proof:

D
= 1800
. sum

CB + ACD

Straight line of the triangle

ABC + ACB + BAC = 1800

ACB + ACD = ABC + ACB + BAC ACD = ABC + BAC