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  • CH 8: Skeletal System: Includes Bones, Cartilage and Ligaments

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    This document provides an overview of the human skeletal system including bones, cartilage, and ligaments. It describes the main functions and features of bones in the cranium, vertebrae, thoracic cavity, upper limbs, pelvis, and lower limbs. Key details covered include the bones that make up the skull, vertebrae, ribs, scapula, humerus, ulna, carpals, tarsals, and bones of the hands and feet.

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    Ch 8 Skeletal System Notes

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    This document provides an overview of the human skeletal system including bones, cartilage, and ligaments. It describes the main functions and features of bones in the cranium, vertebrae, thoracic cavity, upper limbs, pelvis, and lower limbs. Key details covered include the bones that make up the skull, vertebrae, ribs, scapula, humerus, ulna, carpals, tarsals, and bones of the hands and feet.

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    57 views38 pages

    CH 8: Skeletal System: Includes Bones, Cartilage and Ligaments

    Uploaded by

    MightyMouse1379
    This document provides an overview of the human skeletal system including bones, cartilage, and ligaments. It describes the main functions and features of bones in the cranium, vertebrae, thoracic cavity, upper limbs, pelvis, and lower limbs. Key details covered include the bones that make up the skull, vertebrae, ribs, scapula, humerus, ulna, carpals, tarsals, and bones of the hands and feet.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    of 38

    Ch 8: Skeletal System

    Includes bones, cartilage and ligaments

    Functions

    Bone shapes

    Cranial cavities and bones

    Skull

    Facial bones

    Facial bones (cont.)

    More Facial Bones

    Facial Bones still

    Hyoid Site for muscle attachment of mandible, tongue and larynx

    Fontanels

    Vertebral Anatomy
    Body Spinous process Vertebral foramen
    Vertebral canal

    Superior articular process Inferior articular process Transverse process Transverse foramen
    Only cervical

    Pedicle Lamina Intervertebral disc

    Vertebral column Cervical (C1-C7)


    Atlas (C1)

    Axis (C2)

    Cervical (C1-C7)
    C2-C6 have forked spinous process All have transverse foramen

    Thoracic (T1-T12)
    Spinous process pointed and sharp angle Costal facets Vertebrocostal joint

    Lumbar (L1-L5)
    Thick, stout body Spinous process is not as sharply angled

    Sacrum
    Posterior wall of pelvic cavity 5 fused vertebrae

    Coccyx
    4-5 fused vertebrae Vestige of tail Attachment for muscle

    Thoracic cavity
    Sternum

    Ribs
    Head
    Articulates with vertebrae

    Tubercle
    Attachment with transverse costal facet

    Shaft Costal grove Costal cartilage


    Hyaline cartilage connecting to sternum

    True ribs (superior 7) False ribs (8-12) Floating ribs (11-12)

    Appendicular skeleton
    Upper limbs Scapula
    Spine Acromion process Coracoid process Glenoid fossa (cavity)

    Clavicle
    Acromial end Sternal end

    Humerus
    Head Greater tubercle Deltoid tuberosity Olecranon fossa Coronoid fossa Trochlea Capitulum Medial and lateral epicondyles

    Radius
    Disc shaped head Radial tuberosity Styloid process
    Proximal to thumb

    Ulnar notch
    Articulates with ulna

    Ulna
    Coronoid process Olecranon process
    elbow

    Trochlear notch Styloid process Radial notch Head

    Carpal bones
    Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

    Metacarpals
    # 1 called pollex (thumb)

    Phalanges
    Distal, middle, proximal

    Lower Limb Pelvic girdle Hip (coxal) bones Acetabulum


    Hip socket

    Obturator foramen Ilium


    Iliac crest Iliac fossa Auricular surface
    Joint with sacrum

    Ischium
    Ischial spine Ischial tuberosity Ischial ramus

    Pubis
    Pubic symphysis

    Femur
    Head Greater/lesser trochanter Lateral/medial condyles Lateral/medial epicondyles Patellar surface Linea aspera

    Tibia
    Bears weight

    Lateral/medial condyles Tibial tuberosity Medial malleolus Anterior crest

    Fibula
    Head Lateral malleolus

    Patella

    Tarsals
    Talus Calcaneus Cuboid Navicular Lateral cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Medial cuneiform Metatarsals #1-5 Hallux = #1 Phalanges Distal, middle, proximal

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