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OPTICAL INSTRUMENT
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EYE
iri s pup il corn ea Eye Accommod Nerve ates muscle Eye lens retin a Yellow Point Blind point

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Reach Of Sight
PP = 25 cm PR

Reach Of Sight

An eye can see an object,if the object at a reach of sight, that a near point(punctum proximum) and a far point(punctum remontum).
Near point = 25 cm Far point= infinite

For a normal eye 5/28/12

The work principle of Eye

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EYE ABERRATION

Nearsighted Eye (Miopi) Farsighted Eye(Hipermetropi) The Old Eye(Presbiop) Astigmatisma Glaucoma

KIND

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Nearsighted Eye (MIOPI) Cannot see clearly the far object That aberration happens because the image of the object falls in front of retina.

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RABUN JAUH (MIOPI)

PR certain

PP < 25 cm

Reach Of sight The Formulas to determine the power of Lens.

P =

1 f

1 S

1 S

1 f

S = - the far point of patient f = focal length (m) P = power of lens (diopter)

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Example A Nearsighted eye patient (myopia) with a far point is 100 cm want to see an object which so far. Determine the focal length and the power of lens must be use?

answer
f = -100 cm = -1 m
S = S = 100

+ 1 S + 1 -100 = = 1 f 1 f

Power of Lens

1 P P = f 1 = -1 = -1 diopter

1 S 1

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Farsighted Eye (Hypermetrophy) Can see the far object but cannot see clearly a near object. It happens because the image falls behind the retina.

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FARSIGHTED EYE (HIPERMETROPI)

PR infinite

PP > 25 cm

REACH OF SIGHT The formulas to determine the power of lens

P =

1 f

S = - a near point patient 1 S 5/28/12 + 1 S = 1 f f = focal length (m) P = power lens (diopter)

Example

A sufferer of nearsighted eye has a near point of 100 cm. if he wants to read at the distance of 25 cm, then what is the lens, focal point and power of glasses he must use?
Answer

f = 100/3 cm =1/3 m
S = 100 S = 25 cm Kuat Lensa

1 1 S 1 25
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1 S

1 f

P P

= f 1 = 1/3 = 3 dioptri

1 100

1 f

CAMERA

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The construction of the image in the camera

aperture

shuttter REAL UPDOWN SMALLER

S S

The formulas:

1 S

1 S

1 f

CAMERA

DIFFERENT
Click icon to add clip art Place of image

EYE

Film

Retina

Diaphragm

Light Control

Iris

Changed, agree with distance of object

Distance of image

unchanged

Unchanged

Focal distance

Changed, agree with distance of object

Similary between Eye and camera

Have a convex Lens the image is real, up down and smaller

v

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LUP

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LUP
Lup (magnifying glass) is an optical instrument which consists of a convex lens. It function is to see the small thing or object The object must be located the center point (O) and the focal point (f). The properties of image is virtual, upright, bigger.
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Exercise:

An object is located 5 cm in front of a magnifying glass with a focal length of 6 cm. what is the magnification of the image formed by the magnifying glass?

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MIKROSKOP

Is an optical intrument that used to see the very small thing. Consists of two positive lens (convex lens) Focal of Ocular Lens > focal of objective Lens The object is located between Fob and 2Fob

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THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE IMAGE IN MICROSCOPE

Ocular Lens

2Fob Fob Fob 2Fob Fok

Objective Lens

Objective Lens:
Properties of image 5/28/12

Real, up down, bigger Virtual, up right, bigger

Ocular Lens :

1 So b

1 So b

1 f ob

2Fob Fob Fob 2Fob Fok

Sob

Sob d = Sob + S ok Sok

Sok

1 So 5/28/12 k

1 So k

1 f ok

magnification : M = Mob x Mok

The microscope magnification

Magnification of objective Lens M ob =

M = Mob x Mok
h ob = h ob S ob -Sob

Magnification of Ocular Lens When the eye accommodates maximally Sn M ok = f ok + 1

When eye does not accommodates 5/28/12

Sn M ok = f ok

Exercise

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Telescope
Its function is to see the far object at the earth

KIND Refracted Telescope

The Astronomical Telescope The Terrestrial Telescope The prism Telescope (Binocular) Galileo Telescope

Reflacted Telescope

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THE ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE

Objective Lens Ocular Lens d = f ob + f ok f ob = f ok

Perbesaran f ob Properties of image Virtual, up down, bigger 5/28/12 f ok Ma = S ok f ob

THE TERRESTRIAL TELESCOPE

When the eye does not accmmodates Objektif Lens d = f ob + 4 fp + f ok Reverse Lens Ocular Lens

f ob Virtual Bigger Upright

2fp

2fp

fok

f ob
v

Properties of image 5/28/12

magnification

M a= S ok

THE PRISM TELESCOPE

Its too called binocular The image is up right, virtual and bigger.

Reflacted in the prism

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Galileo Telescope
d = f ob + f ok T f ok f ob = f ok

L. Obyektif

L. Okuler f ob

The incident ray paralelled from objective lens formed image exactly in focal point, as a virtual object for ocular lens. The paralelled ray out from ocular lens to eye is upright at infinite point.

f ob

magnification
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M a= S ok

THE REFLECTING TELESCOPE

f ob
Ocular lens

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Concave mirror as an objective

Plan mirror

Semoga bermanfaat

Sampai jumpa

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