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In its most fundamental form, a Microstrip Patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on the other side. In order to simplify analysis and performance prediction, the patch is generally square, rectangular, circular, triangular, and elliptical or some other common shape.

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Waves in microstrip patch antenna

1. Surface waves 2. Leaky waves 3. Guided waves

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1. Surface waves

2. Leaky waves
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Feed techniques
Feed techniques

Contacting Feed
Microstrip feed Coaxial feed

Non contacting feed

Aperture-coupled feed

Proximity-coupled feed

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1. Contacting feed

(a). Microstrip feed

(b). Coaxial feed

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2. Non contacting feed

(a). Aperture coupled feed

(b). Proximity coupled feed

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Low profile (can even be conformal) Easy to fabricate(use etching and phototlithography) Easy to feed(coaxiale cable, microstrip line etc.) Easy to use in array or incorporate with other microstrip circuit elements. Patterns are somewhat hemispherical with a moderate directivity(about 6-8 dB typical)

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Low bandwidth( but can be improved by a variety of techniques). Bandwidth of a few percent are typical. Efficiency may be lower than other antennas. Efficiency is limited by conductor and dielectric losses, and by surface-wave loss. Low gain. Extraneous radiation from feeds and junctions. Poor end fire radiator except tapered slot antennas. Low power handling capacity.
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Directivity: In view of the cavity model, the simplified expression for directivity D can be written as-

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Gain: Gain of the patch antenna from the directivity relative to the vertical axis is normally 2 dB.

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Bandwidth:

Bandwidth is related as-

where, S= voltage standing ratio, Q0= unloaded radiation quality factor.

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Efficiency:

where, = efficiency, Pr= radiated power, Pt=power dissipated due to conductor loss, Pd= power dissipated due to dielectric.

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Applications:

Microstrip antennas are increasingly gaining popularity for use in wireless application due to their low profile structure. Some applications of microstrip patch antenna are tabled as below Cellular phone & video Collision avoidance radar Direct broadcast satellite Global positioning satellite GSM & Paging Personal communication system Wide area computer networks
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Queries ???
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