By SSN Massiah Latip

What

is Diabetes ? Symptoms of Diabetes Complications caused by Diabetes How to avoid or delay the complications

 Diabetes

is a disease where your blood sugar (glucose) level are always above normal.
is caused by a lack of insulin (a type of hormone produced by pancreas) or ineffective action of insulin in your body.

It

 High

glucose staying in the blood instead of entering the body cells.

slowing down as they do not receive glucose as fuel for energy.

Cells

 Frequent

urination Excessive thirst Extreme hunger or constant eating Unexplained weight loss Presence of glucose in the urine

 High

blood sugar can clog and damage blood vessels which will restricts blood supply to major organs such of heart and brain High blood sugar can damage tiny bloods vessels in kidney which may lead to kidney failure. Due to restricted blood flow to the feet, nerves may damaged. Injury on the feet not be notified or not heal so might end up with amputation.

 Tiny

vessels in eyes may damaged causing blindness. Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia

 Visit

doctor regularly. Take meds as prescribed. Monitor blood glucose regularly. Proper diet. Exercise regularly.

Provide immediate feedback on impact of daily life

Food Medication Glucose level Identify blood glucose level that need immediate action

Easily perform -> anywhere- office,home,holidays ->just a drop of blood Effects of food -Rice/fried noodles -Banana/guava (Note this test should be perform after 2 hours)

Effects of physical activity

Daily blood glucose averages

Does your medication enough dose

Effect of illness -> Infections- infected wound, etc

To identify hypoglycemia (Low blood glucose)

To identify hyperglycemia (High blood glucose)

*Note- Prevent using of expired test strips. - Correct coding with correct code chip.

-> All types of diabetes patients - Type I - Type II - Gestational- diabetes during pregnancy

To learn how well your diabetes controlled

Before given insulin injection

- home/hospital

Determine whether changes are needed in

- 1. the medicine - 2. eating plan (dietitian) - 3. physical activity

To identify hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia - Always bring the log book during your medical appointment.

*Note- Always record in the log book.

Causes -Too much diabetes medicine

Too little food or miss a meal

Too much or unplanned activity

Tremor
Cold sweat palpitation Fatigue hungry Headache, dizziness Difficulty in concentration, moody or confused

Take sweet drink(honey, Milo with sugar, fruit juice) Take sweet, sugar Have your regular meal if it is mealtime You need immediate medical attention when hypoglycemia occurs - faint

* Assess :diet,activity,medications to prevent similar problem in future.

Causes
-

Too much food Skipped or not enough diabetes medicine Illness/stress Less activity than usual

*usually the primary doctor will adjust the medicine accordingly.

As the doctor order

* -through my experience Out patient home monitoring -pre breakfast,pre lunch,pre dinner,prebed (at different day) -after food 2 hours,breakfast,lunch,dinner -new diabetes patient will required more frequency testing (2-3 times a day for 2 weeks) -stable patient may need less testing (2-3 times a week in a month)

Note oral medication.

-Before meals (fasting) 4-7mmol/L -2 hours post meals, not higher than 10mmol/L -blood glucose level over 15mmol/L should be back to clinic before actual appointment

-blood glucose level over 30mmol/L or HHH should get medical attention immediately -> A&E

THANK YOU