METU ME 308 Machine Elements II Spring 2012

1
Prepared by: Ferhat SALAM
Room: C-210 Phone: 5267
E-mail: fsaglam@metu.edu.tr SPRING 2012 Date: 23/05/2012

ME 308 MACHINE ELEMENTS II
TUTORIAL 8
BELT DRIVES


PROBLEM 1)
An open flat belt drive is used to transmit 15 kW power from an electric motor with a
driving pulley to a mixer. The diameter of the driving pulley is 400 mm and the distance
between centers is 2000 mm. System has the following properties:
Driving pulley speed : 1500 rpm
The reduction ratio of the pulley system : 2
Width of the belt, b = 80 mm
Max Allowable Stress in the Belt , o
all
= 4 MPa
Density, = 970 kg / m
3

Friction coefficient, f = 0.5

a) Determine the thickness (t) of the belt
b) Also determine the belt tensions, the initial belt tension and the tensioning preload.













PROBLEM 2)
A 1440 rpm, 4 kW D.C motor drives a mechanical guillotine shears given in the figure at
720 rpm. According to the restrictions driving pulley diameter should not exceed 150 mm.
Considering the 18 hours of daily operation design a suitable V-Belt system using TS 198/1
standard in Derby V-Belt Catalogue.



















PROBLEM 3)
A 2-piston compressor is driven at about by a 10-kW electric motor running at
. The compressor operates hours per day. Design a narrow V-belt system to
drive the compressor using TS 198/4 (DIN 7753/1) standard in Derby V-Belt Catalogue,
a) If the center distance is fixed about
b) If the center distance is fixed about and the driving pulley diameter is
lower than 165 mm. Use Figure 3 for recommended belt types.


During your design determine the pulley diameters, number of belts, type of the V-belt,
standard lengths

, and

.




















Driven Pulley

o
u
d

r
d=
200 mm
r
D

2000 mm
u
D

D.C. Motor

METU ME 308 Machine Elements II Spring 2012

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PROBLEM 1 SOLUTION:
a)
d

= 400 mm
D

= V
R
d

= 800 mm

Belt speed:
V= ntd / 60 =1500t0.4 / 60 = 31.42 [m/s]

Contact angles are:

)

Since the wrap angle of the smaller pulley is smaller due to geometry, slippage will start in
that pulley, therefore we will write the slippage equation for that pulley.

The centrifugal force is:
F
c
= mV
2
= (bt) V
2
= (9700.08t)(31.42)
2
= 76608t [N]

In order to find the minimum belt thickness one should check the tight side tension F
1
for
the maximum allowable tension in the belt:
F
1
= o
all
A = 410
6
0.08 t = 320000t [N]

Inserting F
c
and F
1
into the following equation one can obtain F
2
in terms of t:

F
2
= 132534t [N]

There is one more constraint which is the power to be transmitted:
P = ( F
1
F
2
)V
15000 = (320000t - 132534t)31.42
t = 0.0026 m = 2.6 mm

b) Belt tensions are :
F
1
= 320000 0.0026 = 832 [N]
F
2
= 132534 0.0026 = 345 [N]

Initial tension in the belt:
F
i
= (F
1
+ F
2
) / 2 - F
c
= 390 [N]

Note that, the initial belt tension is obtained by applying a preload on the pulley shafts.
The tensioning preload on the pulley shafts is:

F
p
= 2F
i
cos(o)

)

F
p
= 2390cos(5.739) = 776 [N]


PROBLEM 2 SOLUTION:
P
B
= c
2
P
c
2
= 1.3

(Table-21, rotational speed is higher than 600rpm, daily operation>16 hours and
assuming the guillotine shears as normal load condition type machine)
P
B
= 1.3 4 = 5.2 kW
n
1
= 1440 rpm

13(A) profile can be used (Figure-10, using P
B
and n
1
)

NOTE: Figure-3 and Figure-10 given in the Derby V-Belt Catalogue are just
recommendations for the selection of the belt type, but not restrictions. One can also
determine the belt profile according to the requirements of the problem. For example, in
order to obtain minimum dimensions and maximum power capacity, strongest profile should
be used. Among the profiles given in Figure-10, 40(E) is the strongest and 13(A) is the
weakest.

- If one start by choosing 13(A) profile according to Figure-10, at the end of calculations the
number of belts required may be too high (higher than 5-6). This means that stronger profile
must be used.

- If the numbers of belts want to be minimized one should start by selecting 40(E) profile.
But this time minimum allowable pulley diameter may not be satisfied. Then, one have to
continue by choosing 32(D) profile and check whether it satisfies the geometrical
restrictions or not.




F
p

F
i

F
i


METU ME 308 Machine Elements II Spring 2012

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In this problem, number of belts is not given as a design criterion, so one can start by
choosing 13(A) profile. If one find the number of belts required higher than 5 then; 17(B)
profile will be selected..
d
w1
< 150mm

Using Table-44 which refers to Table-17:
d
w1
= 140mm (first smaller diameter from 150mm)

Velocity ratio:
2
720
1440
2
1
= = = =
n
n
i VR

d
w2
= 2d
w1
= 280mm (also available in Table-17)

Recommended range for the center distance is:
2( d
w1
+ d
w2
) e 0.7(d
w1
+ d
w2
)
840 mm e 294 mm
one can choose e = 300 mm

Effective belt length:
L
w
~ 2e + 1.57(d
w1
+d
w2
)+ (d
w1
-d
w2
)
2
/ (4e)
L
w
~ 2300 + 1.57(140+280)+ (140-280)
2
/ (4300) ~ 1275mm

Inner belt length:
L
i
= L
w
c
i

c
i
= 30 mm (Table-45)
L
i
= 1275 30 =1245 mm

Choose nearest standard length:
L
i
= 1250 mm (Table-42)

L
w
*
= L
i
+ c
i
=1280 mm

Now L
w
is known exactly and one can find the center distance from the exact formulation
for L
w
.

1280 ) (
180
) (
2 2
sin 2
1 2 1 2
= + + + =
w w w w w
d d d d e L

ot t |

|
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
= o

e
70
sin
e 2
140 280
sin
e 2
d d
sin
1 1 1 w 2 w 1
(tangential slope angle)
= 2(90 ) (wrap angle)

It can be started with e = 300mm as an initial value for e and calculate o and | then, for L
w

= 1280, then e = 302 mm, o = 13.4 and | =153.2 found by iteration. MathCAD solution
can be given as follows:

d1 140 := d2 280 := L 1280 :=
o 13.49
t
180
:= | 153.01 := c 300 :=
Given
o asin
d2 d1
2 c
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
| 180 2o
180
t

L 2 c sin
|
t
180

2
|

\
|
|
|
.

t
2
d1 d2 + ( ) + o d2 d1 ( ) +
Find c ( ) 301.989 =



Check belt bending frequency:

49 . 16
1280
19100
1440 140
2000
19100
1000 2
1 1
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|

=
w
w
B
L
n d
f
s
-1
d
wk
d
wg

e



METU ME 308 Machine Elements II Spring 2012

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This frequency is smaller than the maximum recommended ( 40s
-1
) limit. Therefore, design
is OK!

Number of belts required:
3 1 N
2
c c P
c P
z

=

P = 4 kW

c
2
= 1.3 (taken before)

c
1
= 0.931 (Table-22, | =153.2 with interpolation)

c
3
= 0.93 (Table-29, L
w
= 1280 mm)

P
N
= 2.537 kW (Table-28, interpolation between i=1.5(P
N
=2.51) and i=3 (P
N
=2.59 )

4 1.3
2.37
2.537 0.931 0.93
z

= =



3 belts will be used. So the design is OK!

Tensioning preload:

z V k
V
c P
153 S
2 2
a
+

=

55 . 10
19100
1440 140
19100
1 1
=

=
n d
V
w
m/s

k = 0.011 (Table-23) Here k is the centrifugal force calculation constant

8 . 775 1 . 79 3 55 . 10 011 . 0
55 . 10
3 . 1 4
153
2
= = +

= kgf S
a
[N]






PROBLEM 3 SOLUTION:

a)
Velocity ratio can simply be calculated as

Lower limit for the center distance is

Then,

From Table-17, the largest standard diameter for

is:

Then,

From Table-17

Then the velocity ratio becomes

The possible largest profile to be used for d
w1
= 180 mm is SPB profile (from Table 17).
Therefore, by using the possible maximum diameters and the largest belt profile, maximum
power capacity may be achieved.

Calculating the effective belt length approximately:

From Table 14, the closest standard lengths are taken as:

As

is changed, the exact values for are found by performing iterations. In

these iterations, values are supplied and corresponding

values are evaluated until

is achieved. Then, the exact values are:

Belt bending frequency should also be checked.

METU ME 308 Machine Elements II Spring 2012

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Number of belts can be calculated using the formula below.

Determining the coefficients from the related tables:

Then the maximum power capacity is

Number of belts should not be higher than 5-6 so take z=2 belts which is suitable.


b)

From Figure 3,

and

SPZ profile can be used.

and SPZ profile, from Table 17 select

Then

, from Table 17

Limit for the center distance,

, center distance criterion is satisfied.

New velocity ratio becomes,

Calculating the effective belt length approximately:

From Table 14, the closest standard lengths are taken as:

As

is changed, the exact values for are to be found. Then, the exact values
are:


Belt bending frequency should also be checked.

Number of belts can be calculated using the formula below.

Determining the coefficients from the related tables:

Then the maximum power capacity is

Number of belts should not be higher than 5-6 so take z=3 belts which is suitable.