O2

NOBLE

transpassive

MxOy M

APPLIED POTENTIAL (V)

passive EF Epp active

x My O

H2

M+

ACTIVE

ip log CURRENT DENSITY

ic

E Fe3+ Fe2O3 Fe2+ E Er,H Ecorr Fe3O4 Fe 5 pH Er,M ip

2H2OO2+4H++4etranspassive

passive Epp Active dissolution ioH+/H2(Fe) ioM+/M icorr

MM++e-

log |i|

For only those who are interested in knowing what a pourbaux diagrams looks like

Epp EM+Z/MxOy

Inflammation
What are the signs of Inflammation? The inflammatory reaction is normally characterized by 5 distinct signs, each of which is due to a physiological response to tissue injury.
Pain (due to chemicals released by damaged cells) Swelling or Edema (due to an influx of fluid into the damaged region) Redness (due to vasodilatation- the widening of blood vessels) Heat (due to an increase in blood flow to the area) Loss of function (due to increased swelling and pain)

Turbostratic Stucture
A type of crystalline structure where the basal planes have slipped sideways relative to each other, causing the spacing between planes to be greater than ideal.

 Pyrolytic carbon is an isotropic turbostratic form of carbon.

The crystalline structure of pyrolytic carbon has a distorted lattice structure with random unassociated carbon atoms This structure provides it with isotropic properties (similar in all directions)

Key Properties

Biocompatible

Thromboresistant i.e. resists blood clotting Good durability

Good wear resistance

It is formed by pyrolysis of a hydrocarbon gas Good strength creating random crystallization

 How is Pyrolytic Carbon ? It is usually formed in a fluidized bed furnace

The bed consists of small ceramic particles and parts to be coated A levitating gas creates required random motion of parts within the bed Heating elements raise furnace temperature to 1200 -1400C An introduced hydrocarbon gas undergoes decomposition at these temperatures creating free carbon that recrystallizes on whatever surface it comes in contact with first

Applications
Pyrolytic carbon coatings are made by co-depositing carbon and silicon carbide onto suitable substrates using chemical vapour deposition processes. Deposition is carried out in a fluidised bed furnace, fed with silicon carrier gas and a hydrocarbon.