Computer Netwroks -1 06CS55

Venugopala Rao Dept of CSE SSE, Mukka

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

Differential Manchester: Combines the ideas of RZ and NRZ-I. There is always a transition at the middle of the bit, but the bit values are determined at the beginning of the bit. If the next bit is 0, there is a transition; if the next bit is 1, there is none.

Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka

21-08-2012

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

Features: The Manchester scheme overcomes several problems associated with NRZ-L, and differential Manchester overcomes several problems associated with NRZ-I. There is no baseline wandering. There is no DC component because each bit has a positive and negative voltage contribution. The only drawback is the signal rate. The signal rate for Manchester and differential Manchester is double that for NRZ. The reason is that there is always one transition at the middle of the bit and maybe one transition at the end of each bit. Note that Manchester and differential Manchester schemes are also called biphase schemes.

Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka

21-08-2012

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

Bipolar Schemes (Multilevel binary Schemes) : Here there are three voltage levels- positive, negative, and zero. The voltage level for one data element is at zero, while the voltage level for the other element alternates between positive and negative. There are two variations of polar scheme: Alternate mark inversion

and pseudo ternary

Alternate mark inversion (AMI): Common bipolar format Mark means bit 1. Here bit 0 is represented by neutral zero voltage and bit 1 is represented by alternating positive and negative voltages.
Pseudo ternary: Bit 1 is encoded as a zero voltage and the bit 0 is encoded as alternating positive and negative voltages.
4 Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka 21-08-2012

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

Unlike NRZ scheme here the energy not concentrated around

zero frequency. As shown in the figure, energy is concentrated around frequency N/2. DC component is not present due to fact that, signal contains alternate 1s and 0s.
5 Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka 21-08-2012

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

Multilevel schemes: To cater the need of higher data rate with less bandwidth multilevel coding schemes are developed. Here a pattern of m data elements into a pattern of n signal elements. Since our data elements are only 0 and 1, m different data

Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka

21-08-2012

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka

21-08-2012

DATA, SIGNALS, AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

Venugopala Rao A S, SSE Mukka

21-08-2012