Grammar Bank 1A a be ige jelen ideje Teljes alak Rvid alak I am your teacher. Im your teacher. n vagyok a tanrod.

/n vagyok az nk tanra. You are in room 13. Youre in room 13. A 13-as teremben vagy / van. He is James. Hes James. James. She is Marta. Shes Marta. Mrta. It is a school. Its a school. Ez egy iskola. We are students. Were students. Mi dikok vagyunk. You are in group 2. Youre in group 2. A kettes csoportban vagytok. / nk a kettes csoportban vannak. They are teachers. Theyre teachers. k tanrok. Az I-t (n) mindig nagy betvel rjuk, akkor is, ha nem a mondat elejn ll, pl. Im your teacher. nem im. you = te / ti, egyes s tbbes szm alakja megegyezik. A you nvmst hasznljuk tegezds s magzds esetn is. A szvegkrnyezetbl, szitucibl llaptjuk meg, hogy melyik esetrl van sz. (A tovbbiakban az egyszersg kedvrt csak a tegez formt hasznljuk ebben a nyelvtani sszefoglalban.) A he-t frfiakra, a she-t nkre, az it-et trgyakra, dolgokra hasznljuk. A they vonatkozhat szemlyekre s dolgokra egyarnt. A rvid alakoknl az aposztrf () egy hinyz bett jelent, pl. m = am. A rvid alakokat a beszlt nyelvben hasznljuk. A be ige n. ltige, amit a magyar nyelvben (klnsen egyes szm 3. szemlyben) ritkn hasznlunk ill. fordtunk le. 1B a be ige jelen ideje: tagads s krds tagads Teljes alak I You He / She / It We You They Rvid alak Im not You arent He / She / It isnt We arent You arent They arent

am not are not is not are not are not are not

Italian. Spanish. British.

Tagadshoz a not szcskt az ige utn tesszk. Az are not s az is not alakokat gy vonjuk ssze: You are not Italian. Youre not Italian. Nem vagy olasz. She is not Polish. Shes not Polish. nem lengyel. I am. you are. you arent. Yes, he / she /it is. No, we are. you are. you arent. they are. Im not. he / she / it isnt. we arent. they arent. Spanyol vagy? Honnan jttl? Skt vagy? Igen.

? krds Am I Are youGerman? Is he / she / it Russian? Are we Polish? Are you Are they

Krdsben az igt az alany el tesszk. Are you Spanish? nem You are Spanish? Where are you from? nem Where you are from? Nem hasznlunk rvid alakokat az igenl rvid vlaszokban. Are you Scottish? Yes, I am. nem Yes, Im.

1C A be ige egyszer mlt ideje: was / were + kijelents I You He / She / It We You They was were was were were were tagads I wasnt You werent famous.He / She / It wasnt famous. We werent You werent They werent

Rvidtett alakok: wasnt = was not, werent = were not. A was / were alakokat hasznljuk, ha a mltrl beszlnk. My grandfather was born in London. A nagyapm Londonban szletett. I you he / she / it we you they I was. you were. he / she / it was. No, we were. you were. they were. I wasnt. you werent. he / she / it wasnt. we werent. you werent. they werent.

krds Was Were Was Were Were Were

famous?

Yes,

2A Az igk egyszer jelen ideje (present simple): kijelents s tagads + kijelents I work. You work. He / She / It works. We work. You work. They work. tagads I dont work. Dolgozom. Nem dolgozom. You dont work. Dolgozol. Nem dolgozol. He / She / It doesnt work. Dolgozik. Nem dolgozik. We dont work. Dolgozunk. Nem dolgozunk. You dont work. Dolgoztok. Nem dolgoztok. They dont work. Dolgoznak. Nem dolgoznak.

Rvid alakok: dont = do not, doesnt = does not. Az egyszer jelen idt ltalnos igazsgok s rendszeres cselekvsek, trtnsek kifejezsre hasznljuk. British people like animals. Az angolok szeretik az llatokat. He works from 9.005.00. 9-tl 5-ig dolgozik. Tagadsnl a dont / doesnt + sztri alak szerkezetet hasznljuk. He doesnt work. nem He doesnt works. Nem dolgozik. A magyar nyelvben gyakran a szoktam hasznlatval fejezzk ki azt, amit az angolban az egyszer jelen id jelent. I phone my grandmother twice a week. Hetente ktszer fel szoktam hvni a nagymammat.

2B Az igk egyszer jelen ideje (present simple): krds krds Do I work? Do you work? Does he / she / it work? Yes, Do we work? Do you work? Do they work? I do. you do. he / she / it does. we do. you do. they do. I dont. you dont. he / she / it doesnt. we dont. you dont. they dont.

No,

Krd szrend: Eldntend krdseknl: ragozott segdige, alany, fige sztri alakja Kiegsztend krdseknl: krdsz, ragozott segdige, alany, fige sztri alakja SubjectInfinitive (= verb) you live with your parents? A szleiddel lsz? Jenny like Chinese food? Jenny szereti a knai teleket? you live? Hol laksz? Jenny like? Milyen teleket szeret Jenny?

Question word Auxiliary Do Does Where do What food does

2C A szablyos igk egyszer mlt ideje + kijelents I You He / She / It We You They krds Did I you he / she / it work we yesterday? you they Yes, tagads I You He / She / It We You They

worked yesterday.

didnt work yesterday.

I you he / she / it we you they

did.

No,

I you he / she / it we you they

didnt.

Rvidtett alak: didnt = did not. Az egyszer mlt idt hasznljuk befejezett cselekvsek, trtnsek kifejezsre. A szablyos igk mlt idejt az ed toldalkkal kpezzk pl. worked, lived, played. A mlt idej alak minden szmban s szemlyben megegyezik. A did / didnt + sztri alak szerkezetet hasznljuk mlt idej krdsben s tagadsban.

2D Rendhagy igk egyszer mlt ideje sztri alak go have get buy leave drive meet see wear do mlt + went had got bought left drove met saw wore did mlt didnt go didnt have didnt get didnt buy didnt leave didnt drive didnt meet didnt see didnt wear didnt do

A rendhagy mlt idej alakot csak kijelent mondatokban hasznljuk. I saw a film last night. Lttam egy filmet tegnap. A did / didnt segdige utn a sztri alakot hasznljuk.

Did you see a film last night? nem Did you saw? Lttl tegnap egy filmet? Figyeljnk a krd szrendre: = ASI (ragozott segdige, alany, fige sztri alakja) vagy QUASI (krdsz, ragozott segdige, alany, fige sztri alakja). Did you go out last night? Voltl valahol tegnap este? Where did you go? Hol voltl? ! A can mdbeli segdige mlt ideje = could. tagads = couldnt nem didnt can krds = Could you? nem Did you can?

3A jv id: will + kijelents I You He She ll write. It We They ? krds I you he Will she it we they Fog rni? tagads I You He She wont write. It We They I you he she it we they Igen.

(Nem) Fogok rni.

write?

Yes,

will.

No,

I you he she it we they Nem.

wont.

Rvidtsek: ll = will, wont = will not. A will + sztri alak szerkezetet hasznljuk: hirtelen elhatrozsok esetn: Ill call a taxi. Hvok egy taxit! felajnlsoknl: Ill help you. Majd n segtek! greteknl: Ill e-mail you tomorrow. Holnap kldk neked egy e-mailt.

4A Idpontok kifejezse (telling the time) Whats the time? Its seven oclock. Its half past nine. Its quarter to two. Its twenty-five past one. Its twenty to four. Hny ra van? Ht ra van. Fl tz van. Hromnegyed kett van. t perc mlva fl kett. / Egy ra huszont. t perc mlva hromnegyed ngy. / Hsz perc mlva ngy.

Az Its + idpont szerkezettel tudjuk a pontos idt kifejezni. Ha a pontos id irnt rdekldnk, az albbi krdseket hasznlhatjuk: Whats the time? vagy What time is it? Az at + time szerkezetet hasznljuk az idpont meghatrozsra. A What time do you get up? Mikor szoktl felkelni?

B !

I get up at half past seven.

Fl nyolckor kelek.

Idpontot mskppen is kifejezhetnk: 1.25 = Its one twenty-five. Egy ra huszont (perc).

4B Mdbeli segdige: can / cant + kijelents I You He / She / It We You They tagads can swim. can come. can help. I You He / She / It We You They cant swim. cant come. cant help.

Rvidtett alak: cant = cannot. A can segdignek tbbfle jelentse van: I can swim. = I know how to. I can come. = Its possible for me (Im not busy). Can you help me? = Please help me.

Tudok szni. Tudom, hogyan kell szni. Tudok jnni. El tudok jnni, nem vagyok elfoglalt. Tud segteni? = Krem, segtsen!

! krds Can

Figyelem! A can utn nem hasznljuk a to szcskt! I can swim. nem I can to swim. I you he / she / it we you they I you he / she / it we you they I you he / she / it we you they

swim? come? help?

Yes,

can.

No,

cant.

4C there is / there are Egyes szm Tbbes szm Theres a piano. There are some glasses in the cupboard. Van egy zongora. A szekrnyben vannak poharak. There isnt a fridge. There arent any pictures. Nincs ht. Nincsenek kpek. Is there a TV? Are there any glasses? Van tv? Vannak poharak? Yes, there is. No, there isnt. Yes, there are. No, there arent. Igen, van. / Nem, nincs. Igen, vannak. / Nem, nincsenek. ! A there is / are szerkezettel fejezzk ki, hogy valami / valaki van valahol. A there is / are szerkezetet gyakran hasznljuk az a / an, some s any hatrozatlan nvelkkel, hatrozkkal. A some s any szavakat tbbes szm fnevekkel hasznlhatjuk. Some = nhny, valamennyi. A some ot kijelent mondatokban, mg az any t krd s tagad mondatokban hasznljuk. Vigyzat! A there is s it is mst jelent! Theres a key on the table. Its the key to the kitchen. Van egy kulcs az asztalon. Az a konyha kulcsa.

4D have got + kijelents Teljes alak I have got You have got He / She / It has got We have got You have got They have got Rvidtett alak Ive got Youve got Hes / Shes / Its got Weve got Youve got Theyve got

a car.

tagads Teljes alak Rvidtett alak I have not got I havent got You have not got You havent got He / She / It has not got He / She / It hasnt got a car. We have not got We havent got You have not got You havent got They have not got They havent got ? krds Have I got Have you got Has he / she / it got Have we got Have you got Have they got I have. you have. he / she /it has. we have. you have. they have. I havent. you havent. he / she / it hasnt. we havent. you havent. they havent.

a car? Yes,

No,

A have got ot hasznlhatjuk a have helyett. Ive got a bike. = I have a bike. Van egy bringm. Have you got a car? = Do you have a car? Van autd? A have got Nagy-Britanniban elterjedtebb, mg a have alakot az Egyeslt llamokban s a nemzetkzi angol nyelvben hasznljk inkbb.

In antarctica its snowing And in Mexico its hot, In Japan the wind is blowing And in Italy its not. In Brazil the sun is shining And in Spain the sky is blue, In Turkey now its raining And in Greece its raining, too.