1

Labour Law
The Factory Act, 1965 (Act No. IV of 1965)

Q. 1: Give some definitions under the Factory Act, 1965? Ans: Some definitions under the Factory Act, 1965: 1. Adolescent: Adolescent means a person who has completed sixteen years but has not completed eighteen years of age. 2. Adult: Adult means a person who has completed eighteen years of age. 3. Child: Child means a person who has not completed sixteen years of age. 4. Day: Day means a period of twenty-four hours beginning at mid-night. 5. Explosive substance: Explosive substance includes any materials for making any explosive substance. 6. Factory: Factory means any premises including the precincts thereof on any whereon ten or more workers are working or were working on any day of the preceding twelve months and in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on with or without the aid of power, but does not include a mine subject to the operation of the Mines Act, 1923 (Act IV of 1923). 7. Machinery: Machinery includes prime movers, transmission machinery and other appliances whereby power is generated, transformed, transmitted or applied. 8. Manufacturing process: Manufacturing process means any processi. ii. iii. iv. v. For making, altering, repairing, ornamenting, painting and washing, finishing, or packing, or otherwise treating any articles or substance with a view to its use, sale, transport, delivery, display or disposal, or For pumping oil, gas, water, sewerage or other fluids or slurries, or For generating, transforming or transmitting power or gas, or For constructing, reconstructing, repairing, refitting, finishing or breaking up of ships or vessels, or For printing by letter press, lithography, photogravure or other similar work or book-binding which is carried on by way of trade or for purposes for gain or incidental to another business so carried on.

2 9. Occupier: Occupier in relation to a factory means the person who has ultimate control over the affairs of the factory: Provided that where the affairs of a factory are entrusted to a managing agent, such agent shall be deemed to be the occupier the factory. 10. Prescribed: Prescribed means prescribed by rules made by the Government under this Act. 11. Prime mover: Prime mover means any engine, motor, or other appliance, which generates or otherwise provides power. 12. Relay: Relay means where work of the same kind is carried out by two or more sets of workers working during different periods of day, each of such sets. 13. Shift: Shift means, where work of the same kind is carried out by two or more sets of workers working during different periods of the day, each of such periods. 14. Transmission machinery: Transmission machinery means any shaft, wheel, drum pulley, system of pulleys, couplings, clutch driving belt or other appliance or device by which the motion of a prime mover is transmitted to or received by any machinery or plant. 15. Week: Week means a period of seven days beginning with the preceding mid-night of the day specified as the weekly holiday. 16. Worker: Worker means a person employed directly or through any agency, whether for wages or not, in any manufacturing process or in cleaning any part of the machinery or premises used for a manufacturing process, or in any other kind of work incidental to or connected with, the manufacturing process or the subject of the manufacturing process, but does not include any person solely employed in clerical capacity in any room or place where no manufacturing process is carried on. 17. Young person: Young person means a person who is either a child or an adolescent. 18. Power: Power means electrical energy and any other form of energy, which is mechanically transmitted and is not generated by human or animal agency. 19. Wages: Wages means as defined in the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (VI of 1936). Q. 2: How many Act and Rules are there under the Factory Act, 1965 and the Factory Rules, 1979? Ans: There are 116 Act under the Factory Act, 1965 and 101 Rules under the Factory Rules, 1979. Q. 3: What is object of the Factory Act?

Ans: The object of the Factory Act is to secure the health, safety, welfare, proper working hours, leave and other benefits for workers employed in factories. The benefits of this Act does not extend to field workers working outside the factory.