URETEK PAVEMENT REPAIR Highways & Airports INTRODUCTION TO REPAIRS

For highways, streets and airports, concrete pavement restoration - or CPR - has become an increasingly important area of the Public Works sector. More and more concrete streets and highways are approaching or have already exceeded their original design lives. As an alternative to removal and replacement, CPR has become increasingly attractive in terms of its lower initial cost, minimal disruption to traffic and its ability to restore roadway serviceability. One area of interrelated problems that CPR addresses, is the occurrence of voids beneath slabs that can lead to instability, cracking and settlement. CPR also involves the relevelling of slabs sunken at joints and whole lengths of pavement depressed because of subgrade settlement. Currently these problems are addressed by cement grouting, asphalt overlays or complete road surface replacement. URETEK offers cost-effective alternatives to restore pavements to level and stable service. URETEK provides a unique, co-ordinated approach to total highway and airport pavement maintenance: The URETEK Method(r) to underseal and relevel slabs promptly and precisely. URETEK Deep Injection(r) to repair sub-base problems. Follow the links on the left or the link at the bottom for detailed information of our airport services. You can also read about our airport services at Airport Technology:
http://www.airport-technology.com/contractors/apron_clean/uretek/

Minimal disruption - Cost-effective - Permanent

STABILISING & LIFTING - The URETEK Method INTRODUCTION

Patented Process The URETEK Method is a patented process, which employs high density URETEK resins, to underseal and fill voids and then accurately lift and realign concrete slabs and other structural/building elements, which are resting directly on the ground. The URETEK resin is injected and immediately expands, filling voids and creating a force that allows precision lifting. The composite material quickly cures to a strong, stable and long lasting replacement base material that is immediately trafficable and environmentally neutral.

Proven Technology The reliability of this unique URETEK technology, has been proven by nearly 30 years experience throughout Europe, North America, Australasia and now Asia. Applications Applications range from industrial, commercial and residential projects to highways, railways and airport runways. With The URETEK Method, it is possible to correct all manner of problems concerning floors, foundations, roads, bridges and entire buildings. Results Voids filled; slab deterioration arrested. Floors levelled; buildings freed from cracks. Slab movement at joints ("pumping") eliminated. Vehicles ride smoothly on roads and yards. Forklifts operate safely; shelving relevelled. Accidents avoided. Minimal disruption - Economical - Permanent

An entirely new approach to underpinning

PowerPile Polymer Pillar

- Disruption free underpinning method

- Ground consolidation and soil replacement

- Implements structure in the ground

- Unique internationally patented technology

 Easy to install - insert empty pile and inject with highly expansive specially developed resin Expansion force up to 800 bars Compressive strength of PowerPile 12 MN/m2 Density of PowerPile 500 kg/m3 Minimal mess and disruption Works in all soil conditions including soft ground conditions

 Eliminates need for costly piling Fully customizable- available in many lengths Minimal settlement after installation- unlike with alternative methods Environmentally friendly- fully contained inert material, very low carbon footprint compared to piling Fully controlled process- PowerPiles expand from diameter of 3.6 cm to 36 cm or more

GROUND COMPACTION - URETEK Deep-Injection

INTRODUCTION

Patented Process URETEK Deep-Injection is a patented process, which utilises the expansion properties of a mix of unique proprietary resins, with specialised techniques, to increase the bearing capacity of inadequate foundation soils, deep under buildings and other structures. As the URETEK resin is injected, it expands, providing a force of up to 10,000 kPa, (1000 tonnes/sqm or 1450 psi) which fills, compresses and compacts adjacent soils and, if required, lifts the structure. The composite material quickly cures to a strong, stable and enduring matrix that is environmentally neutral. Proven Technology The reliability of this unique URETEK technology, has been proven by substantial experience throughout Europe, UK, North America and Australasia. Applications Applications range from industrial, commercial and residential projects to highways, railways and airports. With URETEK Deep-Injection, it is possible to manage existing or potential settlement problems concerning floors, foundations, roads, bridges and entire buildings. Results Settlement arrested. Buildings raised, levelled and freed from cracks. Ground bearing capacity improved, to accept increased loading.

Minimal disruption _ Economical _ Permanent

Multi-purpose, super lightweight, engineering filler/grout

Introduction: what is URETEK Benefil? A unique, pre-expanded structural resin that becomes super-light in weight. It is produced on-site from a liquid base - slowly or at much higher volumes depending on the need. It can be poured, pumped or injected into holes, voids and interstitial spaces - or laterally over long distances. Pre-expanded before placement and with a short gel time, URETEK Benefil will displace residual liquids and can be applied underwater. There is no heat generated and no electricity required. Not a liquid, not a solid, it flows only under applied pressure - until it gels and begins to set hard. It will not run away. URETEK Benefil is environmentally neutral, inert, solvent-free, non-toxic and non-flammable. It can be recycled or disposed of in a landfill. For Quality Assurance it is always produced and applied by our experienced technicians - with precise control.

SITE INVESTIGATION
HINTS ON METHODS OF CHECKING On site investigations can be divided into two types: direct and indirect. There are various direct methods of gauging the geo-mechanical properties of the ground, without excavation. Pressure-meter tests. Developed by Menard in the 1950's, the test consists of inducing stresses in the ground with an expandable, cylindrical probe, introduced into a hole made beforehand by mechanical drilling (selfdrilling pressure meters also exist). The basic principle of pressure meter tests is therefore the expansion of a cell in a cylindrical cavity, to measure the relationship between the pressure and the deformation of the ground. Measurements of variations of volume corresponding to variations of pressure are carried out and a pressure-deformation diagram is drawn. This allows the determination of a horizontal pressure Po for the mass in equilibrium, a limiting pressure Pf which corresponds to the end of a pseudo-elastic phase and a pressure Pl corresponding to an equilibrium limit. It also enables the calculation of the equilibrium of the ground bearing with the foundations. The pressure meter method of calculating the dimensions of the foundations is based on: The net pressure limit P'l for the evaluation of the bearing capacity at rupture; The deformation modulus Ep for the subsidence estimate. From the diagram of the pseudo-elastic phase it is possible to obtain the pressure modulus, according to Menard, from the equation, EP = 2.66 V < V We can say, on a somewhat general basis: That with well consolidated sand and gravel, there are generally Ep values of between 1000 and 2000 kg/cM2; with Pl between 30 and 80 kg/cm 2 ; In soft silty-clayey soil, Ep varies tendentially between 20 and 30 kg/CM2, with Pl contained on average between 3 and 7 kg /CM2. Penetrometric investigations This is probably the most commonly used on site tests as they allow numerous precise determinations at a relatively modest cost. Dynamic penetrometric data is used to determine the resistance to penetration offered by predominately granular soils, whereas for fine grain soils, static penetrometric data is used. There are various types of penetrometer for use in differing situations: Standard Penetration Test (SPT) This is a dynamic penetrometric test (rod fixed to a mass of 63.5 kg with a falling height of 76.2 cm) which measures the resistance offered to the penetration of a point fixed to the end of the penetration rod. The number of strikes N measured to obtain 30 cm of penetration can be correlated with numerous geo-mechanical parameters such as relative density Dr; the angle of internal attrition _; the undrained cohesion Cu and others. Continuous Dynamic Penetrometer DPSH (super heavy), DPH (heavy), DPM (medium), DPL (light): the initials refer to different types of penetrometer which differ by the weight of the mass and its falling height.

Can be used with or without coating on the rods, but for depths exceeding 15 metres, this becomes indispensable for consistent results. Indicative correlatable information is obtained, with the angle of internal attrition ~, the relative density Dr the undrained cohesion Cu and other parameters. Static Penetrometer with Mechanical Point CPT Rods are driven by a continuous hydraulic force. The test supplies qualitative and quantitative stratified information for the calculation of subsidence by the interpretation of values of resistance to the point (qu) and to the advancement of a lateral sleeve (ql). URETEK Penetrometers To ascertain the condition of densification of foundation ground, both before and after injection applications, URETEK have medium type dynamic penetrometers (DPM according to the ISSMFE 1988 procedure). This instrument uses a falling mass of about 30 kg with a fall of 20 cm and is very versatile adapting to use in many awkward situations. As an example, with the DPM apparatus, the characteristic values of dynamic resistance of well densified gravel and sand are generally high - greater than 30 strokes to achieve a rod advancement into the ground of 10 cm, whereas in less densified granular soil, values of about 15 strokes are obtained.

EXPANSIVE ACTION OF THE RESINS

Both The URETEK Method and URETEK Deep-Injection use the expansion properties of a mix of unique proprietary resins to stabilise, raise and relevel pavements, floors and buildings and to improve the bearing capacity of inadequate foundation strata. A number of resins, each with its own special characteristics and applications, have been developed to produce low density, thermoset polymer materials that are strong, resilient, insoluble and highly resistant to chemical attack and long term degradation. When complementary liquid resins are combined, a chemical reaction quickly occurs, releasing potentially enormous but controllable forces that can vary up to 500 kPa (50 tonne/m2) for slab-lifting and up to 10,000 kPa (1000 tonne/m2) for deep-injection. For stabilisation and lifting, the resins are normally injected just under the concrete slab or structure, using specialised equipment and techniques. For ground improvement, they may be injected to a specific depth or at multiple depths into the ground. The pressure of injection is not very high but is sufficient to spread the resin mix sufficiently across the volume of ground concerned, before expansion occurs. The force imparted to the structure or ground is a direct function of the resistance encountered due to the mass of the structure and/or overburden. No excessive force can be applied. After injection the mixed resins react and their volume progressively increases many times. The speed of expansion avoids the resins being dispersed in the ground or spreading beyond the zone it is intended to treat. Naturally expansion is greater in the direction in which the resin encounters the least resistance and so, initially, the resin moves, expands and compacts where the foundation is weakest and has the greatest need of improvement. Finally, the expansion is so confined that the least resistance is from above and the concrete slab, building or other structure begins to lift. Regarding Quality Assurance, URETEK resins have been developed and refined over 25 years, with properties confirmed by laboratory analysis. They have been well proven over time, in a multitude of

field applications and varying environments where the behaviour of the resins does not change significantly, even when used in the presence of water.

APPLICATIONS
RESIDENTIAL Settlement problems can potentially result in costly damage to the structure and a loss in real estate value. Traditional repair methods are lengthy and can involve great inconvenience. In contrast, URETEK Deep-Injection is a fast, clean, dry and relatively quiet operation. There is usually no need to vacate! URETEK Deep-Injection is ideal for homes, townhouses and apartment buildings. COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL To preserve structural integrity and value and to ensure safe use, it is often vital that settlement of buildings in commercial and industrial facilities be corrected. In commercial properties, settlement can result in unsightly cosmetic damage to the structure, customer inconvenience, potential accidents, litigation and possible loss of tenants. In industrial facilities, settlement and alignment problems can result in personnel accidents, damage to equipment, material handling difficulties and a general loss of operational efficiency. Traditionally, settlement problems have been addressed by underpinning or by resorting to removal and replacement. These traditional methods have significant disadvantages when objectively compared to the benefits of URETEK Deep-Injection. CIVIL Public safety, minimal public inconvenience and minimal interference to traffic flow have become crucial to the Public Works sector. Patented URETEK Deep-Injection now allows fast correction, without excavation, even in confined work areas. It is widely accepted by highway departments and utility services. USES Stabilising buildings Consolidation of inadequately compacted backfill. Compensation for a lowering of the water table. Filling of voids caused by erosion or differential subsidence. Lifting buildings and correcting settlement Lifting of buildings by The URETEK Method is not always possible, due to soft ground or the narrow width of footings. URETEK Deep-injection allows such ground to be strengthened and the lifting force to be concentrated and confined well below the underside of the footing. During correction, windows and doors realign and gaps close, as floors and walls are lifted Preventive consolidation Increase ground bearing capacity to allow an additional building storey or installation of heavy machinery. "Keyhole surgery" Compact specific, isolated weak layers, at depth, without excavation. Void-fill eroded spaces around defective joints of underground drainage pipes. Industrial machinery

Consolidation of the subgrade to reduce vibration due to machinery. Roads and highways Consolidate backfill against bridge abutments, deep under bridge approach/departure slabs. Consolidation of service trenches under concrete and asphalt pavements. Treatment at difficult locations Locations inaccessible to traditional methods. Under loose stone footings or walls with no footings. (Heritage buildings.) Deleterious soil conditions URETEK cannot guarantee long term stability in ground that contains substantial amounts of decomposing, organic material. However, where there may be no other practical answer to the problem, URETEK Deep-Injection programmed, as preventive maintenance may be a good solution. Reduce effects of variations in moisture content Compaction of soils limits moisture ingress and transfer across treated zones. Closing or filling fissures by expanded resin, prevents passage of water. Fast prompt reaction, minimal inconvenience and disruption When situations demand an immediate or non-intrusive solution. Working inside an occupied building.