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org

qmrfuK: - ykdef.wh:blef:
Dr.qhm:Omif,thm;
OAifoh;TzK:pof: trf,rld ef OAifoh;TzK:zh,rmef<sv; wh:pof:
pyf.yAefqmof;ykwf.xrK:wD; yD ;egif.wh:blef:eh z[auK;N.qgrf:bl,
bof;/ ugyf;yld of; c[;N.qgrf:vgif;eh. wld of:vd kuf.td wf:ekd if;sv; vh;
tguf,wmif:uGK,zSof bgifNnf;? egifehg.? qmrfuK:bl,bof;/ rld if:blef:
(vmef.eK:? uAif:OSef? uAif :wkif)pyf.yAef qmof:ykwf.xaObof.?
wh:blef:ckd ef;rld of:rSif,yef qmof:ykwf.xe[:wh: rld if:wh:eh.aObof.?
urf:vkd ef:Okwf: zSofrK:wD ;qmrfuK: rld of; AD-1479/ qof;'K.qof;z
IK.sv; sv.vkuf;omef;ulef:Olef rl,b[,zkifvlif Nrf;uefrK:auK,
Omif; OK,OeK,ykwf.x/ oA if:qmrfuK:eh. vh;chm.uGK,chm.rK:(5)wD ;bl,
bof;/ wD ;wmif;pmif;wmif;apK urf:tggefwmif:Okwf: oAif:qmrfuK:eh.
(rld of;vAof ugyf;erf.xlrf;sv;)yAefymif,vlif tefrD :zhm,Mif,vghehg.
eef.bof;/
qmrfuK:urf:yguf;Ogif chm.rK:wD ; wK;cgif,(zhm,tguf,erf.zD vl:_
erf.sr:)/ oAif:vl.xSif;sv; rld of;vAofMif.oAif:uof,/
oAif:uof,qmrfuK: rhmOmrfqrf: rD :bl,wD; erf.sr;zD vl:sv.
erf.sr;xD:crf: chg<uefeef./
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oAif:uof,qmrfuK:rhmOD,qrf: rD :bl,wD; zhm,oef:wluf:vghehg.?
zhm,oef:wluf: erf.zD vl:_erf.sr:eef./ rld of;vAofMif. oAif:Nnf;
zhmoh.bof./
oAif:qmrfuK:rld of;vAof yAefwD ;rD : TzK:xrf;? rD:TzK:wh:blef:
tefauK,wif;oh. vh;pefoh.bl,eh.bof;/ vkuf.wD ;bgifNnf; tofNd of:
qmuf;uGK, wK,zSofqmrfuK: cmof:apK;Nd of:(4)rgif: vld ofvld of bl,bof;/
awvh;pef xD:qgrfref: pmif<cSuf:rguf,r[ref:? pmif<xmwf;ref:?
pmif<eluf.uKvlef,? pmif<zD pmif<Omif qld of:eh. trf,rld efz[? ySuf,oh.
bl,pif:ref:/ ayK:rld of:tSof,? rld of:pef qif,awN.vD bof;/ ugyf;eh
sv; OAifyD ;egif.wh: qmrfuK: ySuf,yld ef;oh.td wf:ekd if;/ tefOAif
ySuf,ueftd wf:tD ;eef. trf,vD oK;zd wf:ehbof;/ OAifref:trf,
rd lefpof:aOwK. ref:auK;oK;vh; OAifpof:trf,rd lefref:ehvh;bl,/
ugyf;eh bK,oK; uofrSef;? uofrmef,? r[:zd wf:qld of:eh.aObof. pof:
vD wld of:cwf:q[ P;N.OAifref:? ref:auK; vD wld of:cwf:q[ P;N.OAif
pof:aO vD uGK,bof;/
yD ;egif.qmrfuK:? cofawK,cof wkd uf.vmwf;awK,uef uGmrf:qmrf
uK:bl,/ qld of:pof: trf,bmrf;cof;tguf,yld ef; Orf.eSwf;oK; coftrf,
yD ,uGmrf:pof:ehsv; cofauK;spuGK,aO ulofpof:trf,cof;q[? trf,N.ygif,
sv; ywf.tguf, uGmrf:rmef<rK:bof;/ tefpof:awK,pof: arKse:
uefeef. awyAef pSif:vlif tefekd if; teftD :ulef:pof: tguf,uGK,
ql:yld ef;(vguf;cmyf;yAefyld ef;)yA efoh.bl,qld if.ehNd of. eh vD ckd ef:
olef.wlnf:bl,bof;/ pD .se:yld ef;auK; trf,vD ? pof:awK,pof: pD .
se:uefcSef:trf,vDbof;/
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vkuf;tg ef,wh:pof: ayK:trf,qlrf:vmwf;uGmrf:pof:? trf,ayK:
arKvmwf;uGmrf:pof:eef. pof:uh.vguf,oK; r[:yAefrmef<uGK,bof.blof:eh/
yD ;egif.wh:e[:egif? wh:egif? urf;zgif; trf,arKvmwf;uGmrf:wh:uGK,
bof.sv; vmwf;uGmrf:rmef< tguf,OAifOIK,wh:/ tefpof:Mif.cof
rmef<egifeef. cofauK; trf,ayK:qlrf:/ ulnf:uK; wh:pof:urf;erf
Okd yf,Mif.cof rmef<egifuGK,/ yh,oK;pof:awNnf:yld ef; P;yAefpof:? pof:
tD :pof: tguf,ql:yld ef;bl,bof.Nd of/ vkuf.eh.uGK,eK; acK;uGmrf:umwf,
ySwf;? tD :ySwf;qld of:eh.vD ckd ef:olef.vD vDbl,bof;/ rld of;ylef.rK:(4)yD
pof:cK;uGK,ymifvlif? vh;xlyf:rK: cd if:xof;wh:egif auK.ekd if;tK,bK.
(84)yD ? Oif,oK;OlbK,Mif.pof: rmef<egifJeK;eh/ pof:cK;trf,Mif.
cK;? pof:cK;trf,Mif.cK;/ eld of.vld wf;wh:auK; Okd yf,yAefeld of.vld wf;wh:
bl,vl:/
abK;Jurf:eh.? Orf.vh;xlyf:rK:? zl;wSrf;vd uf;rmef< qkd of;
OAifb[,auK.ekd if; ar:ref:yAef wh:egif/ ugyf;yld of;wh:pof:Mif.cof
rmef<egifehsv; ref:auK; uGK,pKclef.cGK. e[:o[xmef? vh;pefrK:
uGmrf:rmef<ymefyl:urf, tofrK:q[.bl, e[:uGmrf:tmif:OK: rD :yAefvhmwlof
oK;eh/ ugyf;eh tmif:OK:eh. trf,q[; wh:egif? yAefrmef< vhmvhm
ugnf:bof. oK;eh/ urf;zgif;auK; trf,pyf.? urf;zgif;auK;pyf./ cK;
pof:sw. trf,pyf./ ayK:oK; vgif;wmif:ref:auK; rmef,rSef;bl,/ q[
aq,weK,ref:auK; rmef,rSef,bl,qkd if tefref:wSrf;eef. ref:
Orf.O[,qkd of;ar:ref:aO? oK;ar:ref:wSrf;pAwf:Oif/ ugyf;yld of;wlof
uGmrf:(10)wlofuGK,rld efOAifrmef<yl:urf,ehsv; tD :xgif: P;tmif:OK:
yAefrmef<uGK,vkrf:vkrf:auK; trf,xkuf,tmyf;/ tmif:OK:cof uAyf:wkd of:
uGmrf:rmef< erfwld of:rK:aOwK.? uGmrf:wh: avK:wkd of:oh.auK;rD:/ zuf:
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wl? N:vSif:eh. tmif:OK:auK; Mif.zuf:wlehbl,/ vgh:vhg:cofygh,ySwf;
zuf:wlaO q[.wkd of:uGmrf:rmef <qdif<qd if<]].~..}}ehuGK,bof./ cofyggh,
ySwf; acK;uGmrf:wh:eh. qof.wld of:vld of vd uf;teftD :cof P;yAef
rmef<yl:urf,eef.ugef,bof./ ulef:c[;bK.? c[;qSuf,pof: rD :oh.bl,wK,
aO,/ auK.c[;qSuf,yld ef;eh. aq,weK,ref:zd wf:bl,bof./ wh:pof:
bl, cofyAefwh:egif qld of:qS uf,cof P;yAefrmef<egif? wA uf:Mif.cof
rmef<egifeef.(aq,weK,qof;uof,yAefOifauK; trf,N.aO)cSef:
rD :wmif:zd wf:erfvld of zl;wSrf;vduf;rmef<eef.ugef,bof./
wD ;e[:egifegh. rD :omef;phm:bK;/ qkd of;auK;yAefqkd of;wh:? wD ;
auK; yAefwD ;wh:bl,oh./ ckef apKcrf:rld if:rmef< Olif,]]...,..}}rK:
eif;wD ;phm:bK;sv; yAefrK: phm:bK;omef;vlif(e.:.q:.)/ ckefapK
crf:wSrf;rK: ]]~...~.q:}}ehsv; vduf;wgyf,ref:auK; vh;wSrf;
qgrf:]]~...~.q:}}ehbof;/ egifvlif? egifegh.qld of:eh. rD :ckef
rmef<rK:qif,uld wf,tgufrD :rK: trf,q[;/ zl;clef.cGK.vd uf;vhm: awrK:
uAyf:wD ;]]...,..}}eh.vhmvhmaO wSrf;uGK,eef.qkd if awtrf,ukrf,?
pmif<ref:awtrf,zgrf.vh;/ awvh;arKwlnf:qof.wld of:? (...)
qlof;ymuf,yDbl,/ ayK:awvmwf;vgif;ykd ef: awvh;vmwf;qgrf: yD ref:
vSefvd efauK; awvh;wlnf:qgrf: vSefvd efcmof:eef./ tof
vSefvd efrld of;eh. uGK,Nrf,ykd ef:uof,auK; trf,rSef;? tofvSefvd eff
ykd ef:uof, rK:yhm:O[,ykd ef:rld of;eh.auK; trf,xkuf,/ vkuf.wD ; AD-
1555-1885 vSefvd efwh: vh;wluf:w[;rkd of:ckefapKcrf:rmef<uGK,/
qof.vld ofeh. vd efwh:? rD :qkd of;wh:oh.vhmvhm/ wmif:Mif,rD :egifvlif
(~...~:_~.)? wmif:qmef:rD : egifegh.(~...~.)? eK;vd efauK;
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yAefeK;vd efvAof? ckefvAof? qkd of;wh:tefvAofugnf:bof;/ yAefcgif
wh:bl,sv; trf,rD :qkd of;wh:eef. trf,qyf:vgif;wmif:ref:/
vh;zSofqmrfuK:rK:sv; vh;pef vkd if:(ykd ef.)wh:blef:rK:/
ckefwh:blef:? wif;q[wrf:acK: rK:yluf:wif; OK,OeK,ykwf.xe[:
su;cld of:wh:/ rld of;vAof vd uf;blef:? OAifblef:auK; phmoh.? OAifwh:
auK; c[;phmphmeef vD acK:clrfsv; vD c[;ph;sw.sw./ yD;egif.wh:?
wD ;qrf? wD ;uhm? vD pKrld of: tSof,wlnf:qmrfuK:bl,/ vD;pKqgh;xSrfckd ef:
yluf:OAifwh:? OAifblef:bl,/ 'dif;wrf:cgef,(~.,~~:.)wh:pof:
eef.auK; wD;qmrfuK:vD rD:rK:bl,bof;/ e[:xrf: rD :trf,rD:? rld if:u
vK: rD:trf,rD :auK;bof./ eh.yAef'd if;wh:pof: vl,wmef:yef yD ;
egif.OAif;umrf,uGK,eef.sv; yAef'd if;si; pmif<vD tefekdif;? yAef
'd if;si;wh: vD Od rf:ySif:sv; vDOkd yf,pAwf:uGK,? yluf:wif;Oofcgef,uGK,?
ul<wD;ul<oAif:? ul<owf.ul<oK:bl,bof;/ OifauK; awvh;bld if;yld ef;
trf,q[;/ tefpof:rD :aO Orf.vD wK,pof:? xSif;ukif,wD ;pof:? seoK;
pof:rD :'dif;si;eef.? eef.bof. pof:vD pAwf:? yld ef;trf,rD :pof:
cSef:vD pAwf:bof;/ e[:xkif.ylif:? egifrgefauK;eif,eef/ arKvduf;
z[? arKuGmrf:z[auK; trf,zdwf:eif,uof,/ uGmrf:qof;uof,? 'd if;qof;
uof,(trf,zd wf:z[aOwK.)awvh;ygh,ySwf;? awwrf:ySwf;uGK,pif:ulnf:
eef.qkd if eh.sw. trf,vDyAef/ wrf:cgef,pof:vD yefpSif : P;yluf:
ckd ef:bl,atK;/ yD ;egif.wh:qmrfuK:auK; vD cwf:q[O[,pSif:aO ckd ef:
pAef:tof OAifxrf:? OAifwh:blef:ckd ef:qif, ukif,pof:awckd ef:zSof
wlofpof:cd kef:bl,bof;/ vD pKpyf.ymif: qof;cofwD ; qAif:wkif rK:qgh;
OgefrSif,yef OAifxrf:ckd ef:bl,bof;/
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umwf,ul,auK; vh;xmrfpKwld of:rK:? vh;uGK,vAyf;pAef:rK: Ogifyguf;
bof.sv; qif,pefqSif;wld of:rK:zgif;/ wh:blef:sw. xmwf;sw,
wD ;vd efyAif:/ wD ;umwf,ul,eh. wh:blef:cof sw,xmwf;(ugif:rl:? acB:
wD ;)pAwf:vgif;wmif:vl,wmef:/ qld of:yAefvh;eef. vl,xmwf;vl,ugif:
rl:/ qld of:trf,ayK:yAefvh;eef. vl,wmef:owf.TzK:(uRif:TzK:)/
eefsv; wD ;umwf,ul,eh. vh;pefpmif<xmwf;wmef,aeK,rh.pkef;/
pmif<owf.TzK:cyf.Ohmoh. e[:su;xmwf;erfeK,/ eld ofpd if ,wgif:vlif
pd rf:pmif<rK.Ogifwlofeef. wS rf;oh. vduf;blef:(rguf,sevgif; qof;
avK,pdif,wgif:oh.)/ xmwf;umwf,ul, qld of:eh. yAeferf.rkd of: wh:blef:?
yAef'd if;si; cgifwh:blef:ehz[auK;trf,xAifvh;/ rld of;uof,eef.
vd uf;blef:? pmif<blef: awrD:erfvld ofrld of;vAofbl,/
pof:awvh;wld of:clef.cGK. uGmrf:wh:blef:bl,bof./ uGmrf:wh:
blef:]]ukwf:}}eh yAefwD ; omif:zD omif:Omif/ tefpof:Mif.ymif,qof;
rld if:eef. yAefukwf:bof;/ uGmrf:wh:blef: ul,eh. yAefwD ;omif:xmwf;?
omif:TzK:/ xmwf;? TzK:qld of:eh. pAwf:omif:oh. erfeK,sv; rld ef
umwf,ul,oK;eh/ erf.clif:eh.auK; yAefuGmrf:wh:blef:/ clif:eh. ygif,oK;
vkd uf.sv.rD :vgif;uwf.cSef,/ erf.clif:eh. yAefsr;erf. vkd uf.sv.rD :
vgif;uwf.cSef,sv; z[auK;vh;ulofref:bl, oK;eh/ wK,vAyf ;pAef:
acK;uGmrf:wh:blef:? aoK:pmef wh:blef:? awvh;pKvl yyf.xrf:qof;
aoOmef,eef.cK;atK;/
ckefapKcrf:rmef< uGK,wkd uf:rld if:blef:(uAif:rh,)? vkuf;Okd uf:wh:
vh;yK:qgrf:wkd uf:wif:erf/ cof nggyf:wD .tof wh:blef:? zl;qmif<zl;
arKrK:wif:erf/ cofrK:oh. wh:blef:wD ;pd rf: td ef:oK.? wD ;rldif:yl:urf,
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wD ;vghykyf.yK:/ wh:blef: vh;rK:bl,wD ;yl:urf,aO pAwf:tguf,clof:cgif
blef:? rmef<cofauK;Mif. .,.q..~_ eef.bof;/ tofrh.Omef
aO Orf.wK:puf.rld if:ehm:/ wK,wAuf:crf: Orf.awvh; ugyf;yef
OIlof:ugef,bof./ rmef<Orf.tof O tguf,OAifcof ? tof I
tguf,OAifcof b ehsv; yAefrK:blof:(.q.)eh.bof./ rmef<cof
uld of:oK; .q. eh. yAefuGmrf:cof? qof;cgifref:yAef wh:blef:ugnf:
bof;/
wD ;aq<uSif:(..~..)rD : ...:.q...~? xmwf;Ol,eh.
yAefqof;vlifrld if:bmif:(.._....._~:._~ .)rK:sw,wif;uGK,/ ohm:vif
rK: qof;.~....e:. rK:ukrf:sv; tofpmif<qmif. vgrf .ugwf,rK:?
eefsv; qkd of;ref:auK; vSuf;vhm;yAefrK: ...:.q...~ eh
bof;/wD ;vhm:cK;auK; rD :ugif:rl:Omif,cmrf,(.....~ )bl,bof;/
wD ;yl:urf,? wD ;xmwf;tK,eef,wK,eef. bmrf;rD :rK:vd uf;wh:
ekd if;xSofbof.aO vd uf;rmef<ekd if;xSofeef.bl,/ wD ;aq<uSif:? wD ;
xmwf;tlwhg;(.~:....~:)wmif:eguf;ref:eh.auK; bmrf;rD :rK:vduf;
wh:ekd if;xSof? bof.aO vduf;rmef<ekd if;xSofeef.bl,bof;/ ayK:
vd uf;wSrf;avK:uefqld if.eh qof;wK,eref:sv. ulef:wSrf;ref:
yefwh:sv; qif,yAefvh;qld if.eefbof;/ pd if,wgif:vlif wD ;ykwf.x
ubK, eef.auK; wSrf;oh.vd uf;wh: wgef;ekd if;? vduf;rmef<sv.
ulef:wgef;w[;oh.sv; qof;wK,eref:sv. ulef:wSrf;ref: yAef
wh:oh.bof;/ ayK:yAefcgifyld ef; z[awO[,yefvd uf;wh:auK; trfq[;/
wD ;aq<uSif:? wD ;yl:urf, vD Okd yf,xmrfOkd yf,pK? Odkyf,clef.cGK. xSif;bl,
atK;/
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ugyf;ydlof; wh:pof:urf;zgif; arKpD .se:uefeK,? arKuSwf,pof:
yAefyld ef;uGK,? Okd yf,uSwf,yld ef; P;uhpof:uGK,eef. rld of;vAof qld of.cld of:
tgef,pd rf:Mrf:pof: urf;zgif; c[;so;pof:uGK,/ ckefrmef<pefvguf:eh.
sv; Okd yf,qSuf,? Okd yf,imuf;yefxSif;/ urf;zgif;auK; xgrf,uGmrf:cofuGK,
aO wld of:so;wh:rK:/ urf;zgif;auK; pefbl,? N.quf:bl, pof:bl,
qgrf:uefrK: tmef,ymuf,pAifyDrK: trf,rD:yefpKb[,erf/ vD Okd yf,bl,
qgrf:uefuGK,vh; vD imrf:bl,eh/ yld ef;imuf;aO Orf.rD:ulef:xgrf,uGmrf:
cof urf;zgif;eef. cld of:wh:vD pAwf:Oif/ yD ;egif.wD ;uh? trfckd wf:vh;
ulef:pd rf:Nd ef:eh uGmrf:acK;eh pof:N.bl,eif,uof,/ ulef:uK.auK;bof.?
ulef:arKOifauK;vD ? ayK:rD :ulef:qhg;xSrferf? ulef:Omefcwf:at,
eef. vD ;bl,bof./ trf,puf.auK; bK,P;yAefulef:cAef eef. vD
bl,bof./ wh:pof:trf,olef.vgif;eh.aO c[;uSwf,z[auK;uSwf,uGK,?
uSwf,pof:uSwf,yld ef;eef. vD cd kef:olef.ckd ef:vD vD ? rlef.sr:vDvDbl,
bof.atK;/ P;rD :uGmrf:Nnf: erfwld of:vD ? uGmrf:se:? uGmrf:sr:P;at,
aOurf:/ pof:vD awK,pd rf:Nd ef:pof:/ cld of:ekd if;sv.cld of:ekd if; ugwf,rK,
zhm:acK:uefvh; qif,vDbof;/
Dr.qhm:Omif,thm;


OhmySef:? No.24, April, 2010, Page-25 to 32.