Respiratory Physiology

Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which is true of the breathing control centre a) Pons nuclei b) Medulla nuclei c) Both d) Nethier 2) Which of the following aim to increase efficiency and increase the effort breathing control? a) Brainstem b) Effectors (muscles etc) c) Sensors d) All the above 3) The brain is responsible for which of the following? a) Alveolar ventilation b) Gas exchange c) Both d) Neither 4) Which of the following is true? a) Our breathing is normally regulated with a hypercapnic drive b) Breathing control becomes a hypoxic drive with a pa02 of less than 50mm/hg c) Breathing control becomes a hypoxic drive with a pa02 of greater than 50mm/hg d) A and B e) A and C 5) Increased CO2 will lead to which of the following? a) Decreased ventilation, increased pH b) Increased ventilation, Decreased pH c) Increased ventilation, Increased pH d) Decreased ventilation, Decreased pH 6) Decreased CO2 will lead to which of the following? e) Decreased ventilation, increased pH f) Increased ventilation, Decreased pH g) Increased ventilation, Increased pH h) Decreased ventilation, Decreased pH 7) What form does C02 travel through the vascular system a) Dissolved b) Carbaminohaemoglobin c) Bicarbonate d) All the above 8) Normal C02 levels in the body should be between what values? a) 37-41mm/hg

b) 38-42 mm/hg c) 39-43mm/hg d) 40-44mm/hg 9) Normal O2 levels are between what values? a) 80-100mm/hg b) 90-110mm/hg c) 100-120mm/hg d) 110-130mm/hg 10) Which of the following is true? a) Oxygen diffuses more readily than carbondioxide, Insiration is active b) Carbondioxide diffuses more readily than oxygen, Inspiration is passive c) Oxygen diffuses more readily than carbondioxide, inspiration is passive d) Carbondioxide diffuses more readily than oxygen, inspiration is active 11) Which of the following is true about Hypoxic vasoconstriction? a) A decrease in alveolar O2 leads to a decrease in the diameter of pulmonary vasculature of that poorly ventilated region. b) An increase in alveolar O2 leads to a decrease in the diameter of the pulmonary vasculature of that poorly ventilated region. c) A decrease in alveolar O2 leads to an increase in the diameter of pulmonary vasculature of that poorly ventilated region. d) An increase in alveolar O2 leads to an increase in the diameter of the pulmonary vasculature of that poorly ventilated region. 12) Which of the following are true for Tidal volume? a) Total amount of air breathed in and out normally over one minute b) The range of volume of air on normal inspiration and expiration c) Total amount of Air that can be breathed after full expiration d) The amount of air left in the lungs after normal expiration 13) Which of the following is true of Minute ventilation? a) The tidal volume multiplied by the respiratory rate (in a minute) b) The total amount of air that can be breathed in one minute taking normal breathes. c) Both d) Neither 14) Which of the following are true in regards to the V/Q in dead space and a shunt? a) Dead space has a normal V/Q, Shunts have high V/Q b) Dead space has a High V/Q, Shunts have a Low V/Q c) Dead space has a low V/Q, Shunts have low V/Q d) Dead space and shunts have nothing to do with V/Q 15) Which of the following are true of the types of dead space? a) Anatomical dead space involves the ventilation of respiratory zone but no perfusion, Alveolar dead space is the ventilation but no perfusion through conducting airways. b) Anatomical dead space involves the ventilation of conducting airways but no perfusion, Alveolar dead space is the ventilation but no perfusion through respiratory zone.

c) Both are incorrect d) No freaking idea 16) Which of following is a type of collateral ventilation a) Interbronchiolar channels b) Bronchiole-alveolar channels c) Neither d) Both 17) Which of the following is true in terms of the amount of ventilation in different parts of the lung a) In normal lungs at normal volumes ventilation is better in the dependent zone b) In normal lungs with low lung volumes the independent zone is better ventilated c) All parts of the lung are ventilated equally d) Its 2:00 am who cares 18) Which of the following is true? a) Perfusion is gravity dependent, At the top f the lungs capillaries might be squashed b) Perfusion is not gravity dependent, At the top f the lungs capillaries might be squashed c) Perfusion is gravity dependent, At the top f the lungs alveoli might be squashed d) Perfusion is not gravity dependent, At the top f the lungs Alveoli might be squashed 19) Which of the following are true? a) Perfusion is gravity dependent, At the bottom f the lungs capillaries might be squashed b) Perfusion is not gravity dependent, At the bottom f the lungs capillaries might be squashed c) Perfusion is gravity dependent, At the bottom f the lungs alveoli might be squashed d) Perfusion is not gravity dependent, At the bottom f the lungs Alveoli might be squashed 20) Which of the following is true about Time constants a) It is the amount of time it takes for alveoli to fill up with air b) Time it takes for a maximum inspiration c) Volume of air that can be inspired in one minute d) All the above Short answer Questions 1) List at least 4 receptors that provide feedback to the medulla for breathing control 2) A) Describe the mechanism of breathing taking into consideration the function of the cntrl centre, sensors and effectors. B) Is it possible to override the breathing control by the brain? What are some causes? Explain. 3) List the factors that affect the diffusion of gas through the alveolar-capillary wall 4) Explain the difference between extra pulmonary shunt and intrapulmonary shunt 5) Define alveolar interdependence. 6) List 5 factors that affect airway resistance.