sseok

1a
2a
3a
4a
5a
6a
7H

8H
9H
10a

nkozGe pd
3-5
;qh d;w rqzE ;kfjp dk fJfsjk;e ns/
nfXnkswe gZy vka nB[okr f;zx
6-31
;qh d;w rzqE ;kfjp dk eofsqZst ns/ T[d/
ezto nihs f;zx
32-51
fuqsq' gky:kB ftb/D
ezto nihs f;zx
52-67
;qh d;w rqzE ;kfjp d/ okw ns/ :kw eth
ezto nihs f;zx
68-83
nX/ nebh pkjo/
ezto nihs f;zx
84-87
gq'a ;kfjp f;zx ih dw/ pkDh pko/
nwoihs f;zx y';k (e?B/vk)
88-92
feZ;k o{g e"o dk
f;odko eg{o f;zx ih, nkJhH ;hH ;hH, B?Bb
gq'c?;o nkc f;fyiw
93-117
gkDh ftu wXkDh
;tkwh pqjwd/t T[dk;h
118-135
r[o{ rqzE ns/ r[o{ gzE
ezto nihs f;zx
136-147
nfsektK
(T) GkJh wBh f;zx tZb'A wks ;[zdoh ih tZb fbyh fuZmh
(n) wjkB e' gBk 410 dh c'N'
(J) d;w fgsk ih dh eo ewbK dh fbys (i' ;qh d;w
rqzE ;kfjp w'sh pkr gfNnkbk ftu j? .)
(;) e?B/vk dh fteN'ohnk e'oN d/ c?;b/ dh Beb

nkozGe pd
f;nkfDnK dk eEB j? fe Xow, Xkowe n;{bK d/ XkoB eoB
B{z nkyd/ jB . fJ; d/ ftgohs id Xow nXowh, nBgVQ pzfdnK d/ tZ;
j[zdk j? sK wVQhnK dh g{ik j[zdh j? ns/ v/fonK B{z iBw fdzdk j? .
ebkekoK ns/ fbgekoK d/ nXhB Xow tZv/ tZv/ Xkowe ;EkBK B{z
iBw fdzdk j? ns/ ehwsh w{oshnK ;Ekgs j[zdhnK jB . fJ;/ soQK id
Xow dh tkrv'o fBo'b ftdtkBK e'b j[zdh j? sK feskpK Bkb
bkfJpo/ohnK dk fzrko pDdk j? ns/ r'NhnK okjhA fttkdK B{z iBw
fdzdk j? ns/ okiBhse bhvoK d/ nXhB B;bh c;kd iK yk; Xkowe
nehd/ tkb/ b'eK dk esb/nkw eotkT[Adk j? .
ykb;k gE dh nZi dh sqkdh dk fJjh ekoD j? fe fJj ;ko/
gZy gE s/ Gko{ jB . fJ; jkbs dk fJe j'o gfjb{ fJj j? fe fijV/
pzd/ fzdrh dh d{ih g[bKx NZgD sZe oZp B{z ns/ Xkowe wjKg[oK B{z
fBoB/ ekbi/ fJZe ;" fJe rkbQ eZYe/ gkDh ghAd/ oj/, jkbks dh
wip{oh ekoB f;Zy ftfdne ;z;EktK s/ Gko{ jB . fJBQK e'b, ;tkfJ
o' BtK 'k SZve/ BtK g[nkVk yVk eoB s'A j'o e'Jh ezw BjhA .
nkgDh ftdtsk d/ f;Ze/ Bkb pd ikb ftSk e/ b'eK B{z r[zwokj
eoB ftu jh fJj b[s b?Ad/ jB .
fJ; s'A fJbktk d/ dh
xZN frDsh tkb/ XowK d/ fto'XhnK d/ r[gs J/izv/ dhnK wZdK B{z i/
rj[ Bkb thuko fbnk ikt/ sK ;fji/ jh gsk uZb ikt/rk fe
ftehnK ebwK fezBk e[ wko{ n;o gk ;edhnK jB . fJ; dk e[M
e[ y[bk;k n;hA fpgqB eh ohs s'A ;Zu d/ wkor dhnK feskpK pko/
fbyh feskp ;G d[N My wkok ftu ehsk j? ns/ pj[s e[M
vkeNo ;[ypho f;zx T[d'e/ B/ nkgDh feskp sp? o'; ikfrU ftu
ehsk j? .

pj[s ;ko/ ni/j/ pzd/ Gh jB i' nfrnkBsk ns/ nkgDh neb

dh jT[w? nXhB ftuo oj/ jB ns/ i' fJBQK dh ;wM BjhA nkfJnk T[;
B{z ;jh wBD tkfbnK bJh w{oy, ikjb, nX fttkh ns/
pqkjwDtkdh pdK dk gq:'r eod/ jB . ;G nkgDh rZb B{z f;ZX eoB
bJh nkgDh thukoXkok nB[;ko ngDkJhnK fwZEK B{z e;tZNh pDk e/
d{;fonK s/ nkgDh thukoXkok m';D d/ fBokoEe isB eod/ jB .
nZi dk qh d;w rqzE dk fttkd ni/jhnK wkBf;esktK dh
jh T[gi j? . e?;h nihp rZb j? fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/
pkb ;ykJh, nfBB ;/te, f;ow"o fttk; gkso, GkJh wBh f;zx,
pkpk dhg f;zx jhd ns/ pkpk fpB'd f;zx nkfd fiBQK dh ftdtsk,
fdqV fttk; ns/ gqwkoEe n"i tkb/ ihtB d/ nZi e'Jh B/V/ BjhA
YZe ;edk, B{z fJBQK ;kfonK nkg j[dfonK e;tZNh Bkb w{oy ns/ nX
fttkh ;kps eoB dh e[u/Nk ehsh j? .
e"D BjhA ikDdk e/ nmkothA ;dh ftu ykb;k gE dk
kBdko ;[Bfjoh fJfsjk; B{z f;oiD t/b/ gE ftu ftdtsk dhnK d'
jh f;ow"o Ne;kbK ;B fJe GkJh wBh f;zx ih nXhB frnkBhnK dh
Ne;kb ;qh nfwqs;o ftu ns/ d{;oh dwdw/ ;kfjp pkpk dhg f;zx ih
dh nrtkJh j/m . i/ fJj d'B'A wjkB j;shnK ;qh d;w rqzE ;kfjp B{z
wkBsk d/ e/ nkg fJ; d/ T[sko/ eo e/ gE B{z G/Nk eod/ jB sK nZi d/
bZb/ GZp/, wZw/ xZr/ fJ; d/ ;kjwD/ feE/ yVQd/ jB, fJ; dk fBoDk fJ;
feskpu/ B{z gVQe/ gkmeK B/ nkg jh eoBk j? . sZEK B{z fe; soQK sq'V
wo'V e/ ;zrsK B{z r[zwokj ehsk ik fojk j? fJ; dk ndkk Gh gkmeK
B{z GbhGKs fJ; B{z gVQ e/ bZr ikt/rk .
wZyD B{z nfwqs wfBnk frnk j? go i/ wZyD B{z fJe ;" fJe
tkoh gkDh ftu X' fbnk ikt/ sK fJj fjo pD iKdk j? ykD :'r
BjhA ofjzdk . ;' i/ M{m B{z ;" tko ;Zu dk w[bZwk ukVQ e/ g/ ehsk ikt/

T[j ;Zu pD ikt/rk ni/jk d;w rqzE d/ fto'XhnK dk Gow j? . gikj

jko s'A T[Zgo f;Zy c[btkVh SZgdh j?, fwBoh ekbi u"Ask, itZdh
ebk ns/ fwBoh ekbi fdZbh jo wjhB/ SZgD tkb/ neK ftu
fgSb/ gikj ;kbK s'A ;qh d;w rqzE d/ pofybkc fbyd/ nk oj/ jB ns/
j[D ;g'e;w?B jo o' fjo T[rb fojk j? sK fJ; BrkoykB/ ftu
s{sh dh ntk eh eo/rh . go e{V dk gki T[x/VD bJh n;hA fJj
fBr{Dk fijk isB r[o{ wjkoki dh feqgk ;dek ehsk j? . gq'a ;kfjp
f;zx ih B{z ;wofgs ;z;EktK fe; soQK fJBQK d/ thukoK B{z sq'V wq'V e/
g/ eo ojhnK jB fJj Gh ;zrsK B{z fJj feskpuk gVQ e/ gsk ub
ikt/rk .
;kohnK rZbK, fBoD/ ns/ sZE, i' fJ; feskpu/ ftu fdZs/
jB, ni s'A pj[s d/o gfjbK jh gE dhnK f;ow'o j;shnK B/ feskpK
ftu fby oZy/ jB . go nkw f;y ;zrsK B{z gVQB dh o[uh dh xkN, ;wK
ns/ ;kXBK dh xkN ekoB ;jh sZEK s'A nDikD j'D eo e/ ;qh d;w
rqzE fto'Xh XVk Gko{ j' fojk j? . n;hA sK gfjb/ j' r[o/ wjKg[oK dh
e/tb u'o G'o jh ;zrsK B{z g/ eo oj/ jK . T[whd j? nB/eK so[NhnK
B{z Bk fuskod/ j'J/ ;zrsK ;jh sZEK B{z ;wM e/ r[o y[hnK dh n;h;
py eoBrhnK .
r[o{ gE dk dk;
ezto nihs f;zx

r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh pd w{ofs

;qh d;w rqzE ;kfjp d/
fJfsjk;e ns/ nfXnkswe gZy
r[o{, gho, g?rzpo, foh-w[Bh, ;fsg[o, wjkswk, thog[o, :'X/ ns/ ntsko fJfsjk; ns/ Xow rqzEK dh f;oiDk eod/ jBl
ftdtkB ns/ p[ZXhihth fJ; fJfsjk; B{z T[ikro eod/ jB ns/
Xkofwe rqzEK dk tfynkD eod/ jB . f;nkD/ b'e fJBQK dh ;zGkb
eod/ jB ns/ nkgD/ ihtB d/ wkor-doB bJh T[BQK s'A g/qoBk b?Ad/
jB id fe w{VQ-ws, zektkdh ns/ ny"sh soehb fJBQK dk Bk
eoB ftu jh nkgDh tfvnkJh ;wMd/ jB . f;Zy Xow ;z;ko d/ ;ko/
jh XowK ftu'A fJe nfijk ftbZyD Xow j? fi; d/ e'b nkgD/
Xkofwe rqzEK d/ w{b nkXko ns/ T[BQK d/ T[sko/ w"i{d jB . kfJd
fJjh tiQk j? fe fJ; Xow d/ w{b nkXkoK B{z ysw eoB dhnK ;kfiK
nXhB fJ; d/ Xkofwe rqzEK dh gqwkfDesk Zeh eoB bJh fBozso
e'fK ub ojhnK jB . fJ; ;'u d/ ftukotkBK d/ d' XV/ pD/ j'J/ jB,
fiBQK ftu'A fJe XVk fJj f;X eoB dh fBozso e'f eo fojk j? fe

nkfd r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, i' fe w"i{dk ;o{g ftu f;ZyK e'b ;[oZfyns j?
T[j gqwkfDe BjhA j? . fJj edh nkfd r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh gkmrs
ftb/D (Textual Analysis) d/ pjkB/ ns/ edh whfDnK dh
pkDh B{z r[o{ BkBe d/t :{Bhtof;Nh ftu (yoVk BzL 1245)
1245 ;Ekgs
eoe/ T[; B{z nkfd ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh nkXkos ;q's g[;se d/ s"o
s/ g/ eoB dh e[u/Nk B{z BthB y'i pDk e/ f;Zy e"w B{z r[wokj
eoB dhnK e'fK eo oj/ jB . fJ; ;'u d/ XkoBh ;qh nekb
ss ;kfjp s'A sBykj th brtk uZ[e/ jB . fJBQK ftu gqw[Zy jB vkL

fgnko f;zx ns/ vkH fg"ok f;zx . d{;o/ gk;/ fJe j'o N'bk G;"Vh ;'u
B{z b? e/ fJj fBozso e'fK eo fojk j? fe ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx
ih dh pd-w{ofs ;qh d;w rqzE ;kfjp, r[o{ ;kfjp dh feqs BjhA j? .
fJ; ;'u d/ XkoBh pkp{ s/ik f;zx G;"V, w/o f;zx n'e, vkH osB
f;zx iZrh, eosko f;zx pkVh, frnkBh Gkr f;zx, ;qH dbihs
f;zx, ;qH irihs f;zx, fgqzH joGiB f;zx, fdtkB f;zx, gq'H jfozdo
f;zx wfjp{p, ;qH i;pho f;zx wkB, ;qH r[os/i f;zx, ;qH wfjzdo f;zx
i', r[opy f;zx ekbk nrkBk ns/ f;Zy gE d/ fjs?h j'D dk
wy"Nk gfjB/ ;g'e;w?B d/ ;zgkde i'frzdo f;zx, f;Zy fwBoh ekbi
nkgD/ ;t?-fto'Xh soe-ftsoeK ns/ fBo'b fwfEnk eEBK Bkb fe;/
th soQK ;qh d;w rqzE ;kfjp ih dh gqwkfDesk oZd eoB
bJh :sBhb jB. fJ; N'bh d/ w'Yh pkp{ s/ik f;zx G;"V B{z r[owfs
fto'Xh ns/ ;Ekgs s/ ;ot-gqwkfDs ofjs-wfo:kdk B{z u[D"sh d/D
bJh ;qh nekb ss ;kfjp s'A j[ewBkwk koh eoe/ 8 nr;s
1928 JhH B{z gE ftu'A ykoi eo fdZsk frnk ;h . g{o/ 49 ;kb pknd
frnkBh Gkr f;zx B{z ;qh nekb ss ;kfjp d/ j[ewBkw/ d/ okjhA 5-71977 JhH B{z gE ftu'A ykoi eo fdZsk frnk . s/ik f;zx G;"V d/
tko; ;qH wBw'jB f;zx s/ T[BQK d/ gfotko B/ ;qh nekb sys ;kfjp
nZr/ 3 wJh 2001 B{z g/ j' e/ sBykj b[nk e/ pkp{ s/ik f;zx dhnK
G[ZbK dh fywK ikuBk dh i'dVh ehsh i' fe r[owfs ofjs-wfo:kdk
nB[;ko gqtkB j'Jh . fJ;/ soQK frnkBh Gkr f;zx d/ gfotko tb'A
fJe g[;se iB goT[gekoh nkJ/ L ;zy/g ihtBh ns/ e[M u'Dt/A b/y

frnkBh Gkr f;zx ih fJ;/ ;kb Sgtk e/ tzvh fi; ftu tko;K B/
fJj d;D ftu ;ze'u ehsk j? fe frnkBh Gkr f;zx B{z T[BQK dhnK
r[owfs fto'Xh fbysK ekoB gE ftu'A S/e fdZsk frnk ;h, i' fJ;

rb dh rtkjh j? fe frnkBh Gkr f;zx d/ tko; th pkp{ s/ik f;zx d/

tko;K tKr ow;ko jB . r[o{ nwodk; ih dk nkd/ j? L
n?;k ezw[ w{b/ B ehu? fis[ nfs gS'skJhn? .. 918
(z z - 11)
fJE/ fJj dZ; d/Dk mhe j't/rk fe pkp{ s/ik f;zx B/ nkgDh
thukoXkok B{z ;jh f;ZX eoB bJh nkfd r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh phV jZE
Bkb fbytk e/ s{Vh ftu dZp fdZsh . e[M fdB fgS'A phV d/ ekr
ghb/ g? rJ/ ns/ fJj gqukfonk fe fJj g[oksB jZE fbys phV d/
nkXko s/ T[j ;G e[M efj oj/ jB go fgZS'A fJ; dk G/d y[bQ frnk
ns/ pkp{ ih B{z gE B/ d[oeko fdZsk frnk . fJ;/ soQK frH jopz; f;zx
ih B/ nkgDh g[s;e ;qh d;w rqzE dogD ftu fra Gkr f;zx d/
e[corVQ B{z s'fVnk j? ns/ ;kps ehsk j? fe fra Gkr f;zx dk
fgS'eV nkohnk ;wkih ;h .
i' soe-ftsoe fJBQK yoV frnkBhnK B/ ;qh d;w
rqzE ;kfjp ih B{z Ze d/ x/o/ ftu fbnkT[D bJh fdZs/ T[j f;oc ;t?fto'Xh jh BjhA pbfe T[BQK dh nfrnkBsk d/ ;p{s th jB . fJBQK d/
soe-ftsoeK dk w{b nkXko j?-e'o/ M{m p'b e/ ;zrsK B{z r[zwokj eo',
noEK d/ nBoE eo', f;Zyh ;o{g ftu f;Zyh d/ p{N/ dhnK iVQK ftu
row s/b gkU . fgSb/ 78 ;kbK s'A ;kv/ fJj yoV frnkBh
G;"Vh ;'u B{z wKi-g'u e/ ;zrsK B{z r[wokj eoB dhnK fBozso e'fK
eo oj/ jB, go f;Zy ftdtkBK B/ fJBQK fbysK dk g[oi'o yvB ehsk
fi; dk itkp d/D ftu th fJj ;ko/ jh r[o{-fBzde n;cb oj/ .
1982 ftu gq'H fgnkok f;zx gdw B/ vkH osB f;zx iZrh dhnK fbysK
dk yvB nkgDh g[;se d;w rzqE dogB ftu ehsk . r[opy
f;zx ekbk nckBK dhnK fbysK dk yvB nwoihs f;zx y';k B/

nkgDh g[;se ;qh d;w rqzE ;kfjpl dw/-feqs gqwkfDesk

(2
2006),
006 ezto nihs f;zx B/ nkgDh g[;se ;G d[;N My wkok
(2005
2005)
2005 ns/ sodhg f;zx d/ b/yK tkbh ekbk nrkBK d/ ekb/ b/y
(2003
2003)
2003 ftu ehsk . fJBQK zeK-tkdhnK d/ ftukoK d/ yvB
frnkBh ;kfjp f;zx ih B/ nkgDh g[;se d;w r[o frok gqek

rqzE (1908
1908),
1908 frnkBh Jho f;zx B/ nkgDh g[;se d;w rqzE ;kfjp
ih d/ yvB dk yvB (1990
1990),
1990 ;qH oDXho f;zx B/ nkgDh g[;se ;qh
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh pd-w{ofs d;t/A gkfskj d/ rqzE dk fJfsjk;
(1955
1955)
1955 ftu ehsk . fJ; s'A fJbktk ;qH eg{o f;zx, B?Bb gq'c?;o
n" f;ZyfJw, vkH fsqb'uB f;zx, vkH Xow gkb nkNk, ;qH pbtzs
f;zx, vkH i'X f;zx, GkJh ekBQ f;zx, GkJh Grtzs f;zx ih joh, vkH
Xow f;zx, vkH jogkb f;zx gB{, vkH wjhg f;zx, ;qH Grs f;zx,
r[ouoB ihs f;zx bKpk, vkH irihs f;zx, GkJh tho f;zx, vkH
skoB f;zx, vkH irsko f;zx ro/tkb, vkH joGiB f;zx, vkH w'jB
f;zx dhtkBk, ;qH r[ouoB f;zx wfjsk, vkH i;tzs f;zx B/eh, vkH
i;pho f;zx ;kpo, vkH joBkw f;zx kB, vkH ;fszdo f;zx, vkH
e[btzs f;zx, gq'H fjzws f;zx ;'Yh, vkH e[bdhg f;zx Xho, vkH
wBw'jB ;fjrb, vkH Xow gkb ;?Dh, vkH jhok bkb u'gVk nkfd
ftdtkBK B/ nkgDhnK fbysK okjhA d;w rqzE ;kfjp d/ tZy-tZy
gfjb{nK s/ ftdtsk Gog{o b/y ns/ feskpK fbyhnK i' fe fJ; ft/
s/ y'ihnK bJh gq/oBk ;o's jB .
j[D e[M T[BQK ftdtkBK dk feo eoBk o{oh j? i' fe d;w
rqzE ;kfjp B{z ;wMD ftu n;woE oj/ jB . ;G s'A gfjbK y[tzs
f;zx dk feo eoBk o{oh j? fiBQK B/ nkgDh g[;se J/ fJ;Noh n"
dh f;y; (fibd gfjbh) ftu jk;'-jhDk fpnkB dk e/ nkgDh

nfrnkBsk dk Bw{Bk fdZsk j? . ;qH y[tzs f;zx fbyd/ jB L d;w

rqzE i' GkJh wBh f;zx d/ Bkw Bkb gquZbs j?, ftu fbfynk j? fe
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx d/ dopko ftu 1,25,000 Szd T[uko/ rJ/, ns/
w"i{dk d;w rqzE 1,25,000 SzdK dk d;tK fjZ;k j?, ns/ fJ;/ bJh
fJ; B{z d;w rqzE efjzd/ jB Bk fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx dh feqs ekoB .
fJ; ftu fJfsjk;e ;soK fJ; soQK ;zefbs jB, ;tk by Szd
nkr/ ;'fJ fJ; w/ J/e xN BjhA j'fJ . fJ; dk soiwk y[tzs f;zx
fJ; soQK eod/ jB L- 1,25,000 Szd gfjbK jh T[uko/ ik u[e/ jB
ns/ fJ; s'A fJe th xN Szd BjhA j? . (History of the Sikhs,
vol i, p. 316) j[D fJ; soe dk ftb/D eohJ/ sK fJj ;k
f;ZX j[zdk j? fe ;qh d;w rzqE ;kfjp tu e[b 17195 Szd jB i' fe
13.75
75% pDdk j? Bk fe 10
10%, fit/A fe ;qH y[tzs
1,25,000 dk 13
75
f;zx B/ nkgD/ rfDs d/ w[skpe fj;kp bk e/ fJe BtK 'k
Sfvnk j? . n;b ftu y[tzs f;zx r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ yk;
d;ssh gB/ ftu'A fJj ;soK dk nB[tkd eo oj/ jB L ;tk bky
Szdkr/ j'Jh .. ik wfj J/e xkN BjhA j'Jh.. (;so 13
13) y[tzs f;zx
B/ fJ; ;so B{z nkgD/ frnkB dh o'Bh ftu pkpk okw okfJ tKr
pdb e/ j'Jh dh irQk ;'fJ eoe/ noEK d/ nBoE eoe/ ;qh
d;w rqzE ;kfjp pko/ fJe fBow{b zek yVk eoB dh Bkekw e'f
ehsh j? . id fJj ;so fgSbh ;so Bkb gVQhJ/ sK T[; dk
nB[tkd j? fe okw ntsko se pfuso BkNe d/ 2255 Szd fby/
ik u[e/ ;B . fJ; s'A fJbktk 1,25,000 Szd j'o fby/ rJ/ (Szdkr/
j'Jh) . fJ; ;so ftu b Szdkr/ j'Jh fe;/ soQK th fJj kfjo
BjhA eodk fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ dopko ftu 1,25,000
Szd j'o T[ukoB ehs/ rJ/ . fJj fpbe[b ;gN ;p{s d/ fojk j?

fizB/ Szd fby/ ik u[e/ jB T[BQK s'A fJe th xZN BjhA ns/ fJ; s'A
pknd 1,25,000 Szd j'o T[uko/ rJ/ . g{o/ gB/ T[Zs/ fes/ th
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp ftu fJBQK SzdK d/ T[ukoB dh pks BjhA
ehsh rJh i' fe y[tzs f;zx d/ fdwkr dh T[gi j? Bk fe
T[; ;o's dh fi; dk fe jtkbk T[j d/ oj/ jB.
1999 ftu fgq;hgb p/ns e"o B/ fJe g[;se pfuZso
BkNe L fJe ng{ot feqsh fbyh fi; ftu T[j GzrkDh d/ jhdK dh
frDsh ftu phph tho' ih d/ g[so ;zr'kj ns/ ;zrokw kj B{z d'
ftnesh wBd/ jB, id fe r[o{ ;kfjp ;k s/ ;gN pdK
ftu ;zr'kj B{z ;zrokw kj d/ fyskp Bkb fBtk oj/ jB .
ftdtkB b/fyek nkgDh g[;se d/ gBk 207 T[Zs/ ;zr'kj
B{z ;zrokw kj dk Gok d; ojh j?, idfe phph tho' ih d/ gi
g[soK d/ Bkw fJfsjk; ftu fJ; soshp ftu nkT[Ad/ jB L ;zr'
kj, ihs wb, r[bkp uzd, rzrk okw, wkfjoh uzd ns/ r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ;kfjp ih B/ th fJBQK dh pjkdoh dk feo nkgDh eEk ftu
fJ; soQK ehsk j? L
sjk ;kj ;qh ;kj ;zrqkw e'g/ ..
gu' pho pze/ fgqEh gkfJ o'g/ ..
jmh ihs wbz ;[ rkih r[bkpz ..
ozDz d/yhn? ozr o{g ;jkpz ..4
4..
jfm:' wkjoh uzd:z rzr okw ..
fiB? fesh:z ihfs:z c"i skw ..
e[g/ bkb uzdz ehJ/ bkb o{g ..
fiB? ri:z rop f;zxz nB{g ..5
5..
(pfuso BkNe, 8L4
8L4--5 ....)

16 i[bkJh 2000 B{z gikph fNqfpT{B ftu ;qH r[os/i f;zx

B/ fJj fpnkB dkfrnk fe ;qh d;w rqzE ;kfjp d/ 2276t/_ gfBnK
ftu'A f;o 70 gB/ jh r[o{ ;kfjp dh feqs jB . ni 6 ;kbK pknd
th ftdtkB b/ye 2276 gfBnK tkbh ;qh d;w rqzE ;kfjp dh phV
d/ ;zrsK B{z doB BjhA eotk ;Ze/, fi; d/ doB eoe/ ftdtkB
b/ye B/ fBow{b s/ ekbgfBe ftuko gqrN ehs/ . g[okDhnK jE
fbys phVK d/ gso/ j[zd/ ;B, id fe Skg/ dhnK phVK d/ gB/ jB .
fe;/ th jE fbys phV iK Skg/ dh phV d/ 2276 gB/ BjhA jB .
;torh fgq;hgb joGiB f;zx B/ fJj ;c?d M{m p'b
e/ ;zrsK B{z r[wokj eoB dh e'f ehsh fe r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu
wjKekb pd dk gq:'r BjhA j'fJnk, id fe fJ; dk gq:'r
r[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ fJ; soQK ehsk j? L

ifg r'fpzd[ r'gkb bkb ..

okw Bkw f;wfo s{ ihtfj fcfo B ykJh wjkekb[ ..11..
ojkT[ .. nr 885 ..
fJ;/ soQK ;torh ;qH dbihs f;zx B/ nkgD/ b/y-d;w rqzE
fJN; fj;Noh ns/ ;torh ;qH irihs f;zx B/ nkgD/ b/y
fceBb nkfJv?BfNNh n"c d;w rqzE i' fe np;o?eN; nk
f;y ;NZvh, i[bkJh 1990 ftu Sg/ fi; okjhA ;zrsK B{z r[zwokj
eoB bJh fBow{b ze/ gqrN ehs/ ns/ fpBK fe;/ fJfsjk;e ;q'sK
dh gVskb ehs/ fJj ssjhD ftuko oZy/ L (1
1) d;w rqzE dk e'Jh
fJfsjk; BjhAl (2
2) fe;/ th ;wekbh iK fBeNtosh ;o's fit/A
fe ;qh r[o ;'Gk, r[ofpbk; gkskjh 10
10, gouhnK ;/tk dk; nkfd
ftu fe;/ gqeko th d;w rqzE dk feo BjhA nkT[Adk. fJ; bJh fJ;
B{z r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh ouBk BjhA wfBnk ik ;edk.

r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ ;wekbh eth ;?Bkgfs B/ nkgDh

feqs r[o ;'Gk 1711 JhL ftu ;zg{oB ehsh s/ ykb;k ;kiB s'A
gfjbK dhnK xNBktK pfuso BkNe d/ nkXko s/ 1698 Jha
se ;jh s/ gqwkfDs sZEK Bkb ebwpzd eoB ftu ;cb j'fJnk.
go fJ; s'A pknd T[j eJh fJfsjkf;e xNBktK ebwpzd eoB
ftu eJh EK Ngbk yk frnk ns/ ;kfjpkdk nihs f;zx B{z ihs
f;zx s/ eJh EK oDihs f;zx fby fojk j? (12,
12, 18, 32, 40, 9L31,
49) ns/ i[Mko f;zx dk jhdh ;EkB
12L28, 30, 31, 37, 43, 44, 49
uwe"o ;kfjp dh pikfJ ;ofjzd d; fojk j? . fJjh eth ;?Bkgfs
d;w rqzE d/ fBjebzeh ntsko dh fJ; s[e dk th gq:'r eo fojk
j?L Gb[ Gkr Gpk s[w skfj ej', rVQ nkBzd c/fo p;ktfjr/ (d;w
rqzE gL 581
581--83
83, r[o ;'Gk, nfXnkJ/ 19L11
19L11--12
12). fJ;/ r[o ;'Gk
d/ ;zgkde w/o f;zx n'e ns/ vka rzvk f;zx th fJj
rb ;thekod/ jB fe eth ;?Bkgfs dk nkXko ;o's pfusq BkNe
j? ns/ i' rZbK T[; B/ ;[D-;[Dk e/ fbyhnK T[; ftu T[j Ngbk yk
frnk .
fJ; fJfsjkf;e sZE s'A fJj fpbe[b ;k j? fe d;w rqzE
d/ T[skfonK dhnK g'EhnK GkJh wBh f;zx dh ;zgkfds phV (1734
1734
JhL) s'A gfjbK th w"i{d ;B . d;w rqzE B{z r[o{ feqs dZ;D tkbk
d{;ok ;o's 1734 ftu jh fsnko ehsh f;ZyK dh Grswkbk j?, fi;
ftu fJ; dk feo fJ; soQK j? L sK f;ZyK GkJh wBh f;zx ih j'oK
EhA gqB ehsk i' nkfd pkDh (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp) i' j'Jh ;' GrswJh
j? s/ ;kfjp d;t/A gkskj i' pkDh ehsh j? i[ZXwJh j? . e?
fJ;sohnK d/ ufoso jB . fJ; dk f;XKs feT[A eo ;wMhn? . sK
GkJh ih efjnk, i? noiB i[ZX d/ ;w/A sq S'v p?mk ;h s/ feqB

wjkoki B/ T[; B{z rhsk T[d/ eoe/ c/o toB nkqw dk :[ZX
fdqVkfJnk ;h, s?;/ fjzd{nK B/ nfjz;k Xow ikD e/ sq S'v
fdZs/ ;B s/ wb/K B/ sq geV bhs/ ;B s/ fjzd{nK ftu Grs
j'tB BjhA ;B d/Ad/ . s/ ;kfjp B/ kb;/ B{z ox[tz ikD e/ c/o oki
b? d/tDk ;h sK i[ZXwJh pkDhnK T[ukoB ehshnK j?B s/ sqK dh
ftfdnk fdqV ehshaaaaT[gd/ ehsk i' ;oho s[;K M{m/ ikDB/ s/
s[;kv/ toB dk Xow i[X j?, i[ZX eoBK, ihs'r/ sK oki[ G'r'r/ .
aaaaufosq fJ; tk;s/ fby/ j?fB i' fJ;sqhnK d/ G'rK ftu s[;K wB
BjhA pzXDk . (;kyh 128
128)
fJ;/ soQK Bkdo kj d/ ;wekbh fJfsjk;eko nBzd okw
w[fb;, i' fe gikph yZsoh ;h, B{z 1745 ftZu ;zGb dh w;fid
dk fpT{ok fbyD bfrnK fjzdh Gkk dh fJe ;so B/ fi; w;fid
dh g[okDh ftok;s dk ;ze/se fuzBQ fdZsk fe nepo d/ wkB/ ftu
fJj w;fid ft wfdo ;h . fijVh ;so B/ nBzd okw w[fb; dk
fXnkB fJ; T[ZiVh fJwkos dh ftok;s tb fdtkfJnk T[j
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp tb'A ofus fBjebzeh ntsko ftu fJ;
soQK ['fGs j? L Gb Gkr G:k fJj ;zGb e/ jfoi{ jfowdo
nktjr/ .. (d;w rqzE, fBjebzeh ntsko, 141
141--56
56, ga 583
583) .
nBzd okw w[fb; dh fJj y'i dk nkXko r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih
ofus d;w rqzE jh j?, Bk fe e'Jh j'o ;z;feqs ouBk fi; s'A fe
T[j nDikD ;h . (fJ; ;q's dh tkeh bJh w?A ;qa ihtB f;zx
fdT[b, :{ae/a tkfbnK dk nfs XzBtkdh jK) e[fJo f;zx, i' fe
GkJh wBh f;zx dk ftfdnkoEh ;h, B/ nkgDh feqs r[ofpbk;
gkskjh 10, 1751 Jha ftu g{oh ehsh, B/, Bk f;oc kb;k ;kiD
s'A gfjbK dhnK xNBktK dk feo pfuso BkNe d/ nkXko s/

ebwpzd ehsk pbfe fJ;/ pfuso BkNe ftu'A fJfsjk;e jtkb/

th d/ fojk j? . (6L165
6L165)
6L165 . fJjh e[fJo f;zx r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx tb'A
feqB ntsko dh ouBk dk th feo eodk j? (6L2
6L2)
6L2 ;qa w/o f;zx
n'e, fiBQK B/ fJ; r[ofpbk; dh ;zgkdBk ehsh ns/ vka c"ik f;zx
B/ fJ; dh G{fwek fbyh, fJ; rb dh g[Nh eod/ jB fe e[fJo f;zx
d/ nkXko ;o'sK ftu pfuso BkNe ns/ r[o ;'Gk gqw[Zy ;B .
gitK ;o's ;o{g f;zx e'fe dhnK r[o{ ehnK ;kyhnK jB
i' fe 1790 Jha ftu ;zg{oB j'Jh . fJj ;o's d;w rqzE B{z
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh gqwkDe ouBk jh BjhA d;dk pbfe tZytZy ouBktK fby/ ikD dk T[d/, ouBk ekb, T[BQK dh fJfsjkf;e
gqwkfDesk d/ m'; ;p{s th fdzdk j? . fJjh ;o's r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ;kfjp tb'A 1699 dh ft;kyh B{z kb;k ;kiD ;w/A nfwqs
fsnko eoB bJh gi/ pkDhnK ig[ih ;kfjp, ikg ;kfjp,
nkBzd[ ;kfjp, u"gJh ns/ ;[Xk ;tJhJ/ ;kfjp gVQB dh pks th
eodk j? . fJ;/ soQK fJ; ;o's ftu wjKekb B{z f;Zy f;XKsK
w[skfpe gow-fgsk gqwkswk d/ Bkw Bkb ;zp'XB ehsk j?, Bk fe
ft ih d/ Bkw Bkb fit/A fe d;w rqzE fto'Xh i[zvbh eo ojh j? .
ft;Eko bJh d/y', r[o{ ehnK ;kyhnK, ;kyh Bza 33, 38, 40, 43
43--45,
49, 56, 59, 60, 63, 67, 73, 78, 85, 101, 103, 105 .
S/tK ;o's e/;o f;zx fSpo dk pz;ktbhBkwk d;K
gkskjhnK ek i' fe 17691769-70 JhH ftu ;zg{oB j'fJnk, d;w rqzE
dh ;zg{oBsk dk ;zws 1755 fpqH 1698 JhH fdZsk j? (uoD 14L22314L22324) . fJ;/ e/;o f;zx fSpo B/ nkgDh fbys ftu pfuso BkNe B{z
24
nkXko ;o's BjhA pDkfJnk pbfe T[; ftu'A ;?Bkgfs tKr gqwkD
s/ jtkb/ th fdZs/ . (uoD 14L16514L165-69)
69 . ;ZstK fJfsjk;e ;o's

GkJh d/;k f;zx dk ofjsBkwk j? . GkJh d/;k f;zx i' fe GkJh wBh
f;zx ih d/ ;kfjpkd/ ;B, nkgD/ ofjsBkw/ ftu d;w rqzE dh
gqwkfDesk pko/ jtkbk fJ; soQK fdzd/ jB L
d[j{ rqzE w? pkDh i'Jh ..
u[zB u[zB ezm eo/ fBs ;'Jh ..
d;whA nkfd r[o{ fdB i/s/ ..
g[op ;wkB ej/ j? s/s/ ..
;[Bj[ f;zx fJe puB jwkok .
gqEw/ jw B/ ikg[ T[ukok .
g[B nekb T[;sfs i' ejh .
p/d ;wkB gkm i' njh .
g[B pfusq BkNe pBtk:' .
;'fY pz; ij eEk ;[jk:' .
g[B d' uzvh ufosq pDkJ/ .
nso e/ ;G efp wB GJ/ .
r:kB gqp'X p'X jw ejk .
i; gkm eo jfo gd bjk .
g[B u'ph; ntsko ejkBh .
poBB eok ;wMh ;G r:kBh .
dsksq/:k e/ r[o{ ;[BkJ/ .
g[B pfuso py:kB pBkJ/ .
fsqB e' Gh fJe rqzE pykBk .
gVQ/ w{VQ ;' j'fJ ;:kBk .
pd jko e/ ;[ydkJh .
;p? fBqgB eh eEk ;[BkJh .

;' w? fjs efo poB ;tkoh .

g[B ej ojs B ej{z T[ukoh .
uko ;? uko ufosq pBkJ/
ijK i[tfsB e/ Sb fdyokJ/
nmtK fJfsjk; ;o's, gikp :{Bhtof;Nh uzvhrVQ
ftu ;[oZfyns ufosq' gy:kB dh fJe S'Nh g'Eh j? i' fe S'Dk f;zx
B/ 6 t?;ky 1780 fpqa/ngq?b 3, 1723 JhL p[Xtko B{z fsnko ehsh
ns/ fJ; B{z soe dh g'Dh dk Bkw fdsk j?, fi; s'A fJj ;k f;X
j[zdk j? fe 1723 JhL se ufosq' gy:kB dhnK S'NhnK g'EhnK th
fsnko j' u[ehnK ;B, fi; B{z fe kb;k "i d/ ioB?b nkgD/
shoK d/ soe ftu oyd/ ;B . fezBh j?okBh tkbh rb j? fe
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ kb;/ nmkothA ;dh ftu fJBQK ufosqK B{z
gVQ e/ nkgD/ nkuoD B{z ekfJw ofynk ns/ XhnK-G?DK
fJBQK :'fXnK dh oD ftu nk e/ nkgD/ nkg
B{z ;[oZfyns ;wMdhnK ;B. fJ; d/ T[bN XzB jB ;kv/ ni'e/ 60
60-70 ;kbK d/ p[or fiBQK d/ wBK ftu fJBQK ufosqK B{z gVQ e/ f;tkJ/
ekw tkBk d/ e[M th T[ikro BjhA j'fJnk . fJjh coe
r[ow[y :'rhnK ns/ wBw[y G'rhnK d/ nkuoB dk gqshe th j? .
i/ ;kv/ zektkdhnK B/ j'o th ;p{s, fit/A fe wfjwk gqek
(1776
JhH), ;{oi gqek (1843
1776 Jh
1843 JhH), gE gqek (1841
1841 JhH) ;[yk
f;zx r[ofpbk; gkH 10 (1797
1797 JhH) nkfd B{z d/yD dh y/ub ehsh
j[zdh sK T[BQK B{z fJ; rb dk ukBDk j' iKdk fe fJBQK
fJfsjkf;e ;o'sK ftu th b/yeK B/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/
pfuso BkNe B{z nkgDk nkXko ;o's pDkfJnk j? . r[o{ r'fpzd

f;zx ;kfjp ih B/ feqB ntsko dh ;wkgsh dh skohy fJ; soQK

ebwpzd ehsh j? L
;soK ;? g?Askb w/
;ktB ;[fd fsE dhg ..
Bro gktNk [G eoB
iwBk pj? ;ghg ..
d;w rqzE, feqBktsko, 2480 ..
fJ; ndo{Bh rtkjh s'A fJj ;kc kfjo j? fe ;ktB ;[dh
1785 fpa, 24 i[bkJh 1688 Jha, wzrbtko se r[o{ ;kfjp
gkT[ANk ;kfjp fty/ 2480 Szd fby u[e/ ;B . fJ; fJfsjkf;e
gqwkD dh g[Nh j'o fJfsjkf;e ;o'sK s'A th j[zdh j?, fiBQK ftu'A
e[fJo f;zx ofus r[ofpbk; gkskjh 10 (6L2) s/ ;o{g f;zx
e'fe dh r[o{ ehnK ;kyhnK (;kyh Bza 43)
43 gqw[y jB .
feqB ntsko dh ;wkgsh s'A seohpB d' wjhB/ pknd
n;{ ;[dh 3, 1785 fpqa/27
27 ;szpo 1688 Jha ;'wtko tkb/ fdB
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/ nkgD/ ihtB ekb dh gfjbh bVkJh,
GzrkDh dk :[ZX, fis e/ gjkVh okfinK B{z eokoh jko fdZsh . fJ;
izr s'A pknd r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih ese ;[dh 13, 1745 fpqa, 27
nes{po 1688 Jha Bhtko tkb/ fdB gkT[ANk ;kfjp B{z nbftdk
efj e/ egkb w'uB nk rJ/, fi; dk feo ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih
ufosq' gy:kB ftu fJ; soQK eo oj/ jB L
Bdh iwBk e/ sho w/,
shoE w[uB egkb .
Bro gKtNk S'o jw,
nkJ/ sjK T[skb ..2
2..

d;w rqzE, ufosq' gy:kB, Bza 71 ..

d;w rqzE dh fJj ndobh rtkjh fJ; rb dh gqshe j? fe
1688 Jha se r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp, ikg[ ;kfjp, nekb T[;sfs,
pfusq BkNe, uzvh ufosq, frnkB gqp'X, feqBktsko, ufosq'
gy:kB (71
71 ufosq se) fby u[e/ ;B . fJBQK ;ko/ ;o'sK s'A fJbktk
r[o{ ;kfjp pfusq BkNe (nkgDh eEk) ftu fJe j'o fJfsjkf;e s/
m'; gqwkD fJ; soQK ebwpzd eo oj/ jB L
fsqs: pkD wkfo:' ;[ g/Nh wMKoz ..
fpfXn fubesz d[nkb gkoz gXkoz ..
u[Gh fuzu uow eS{ xkfJ B nk:z ..
ebz e/tbz ikB dk;z puk:z ..
ip? pkD bkfr:' sp? o'; ikfr:' ..
fi; g/Nh B{z gfjB e/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx GzrkDh dk :[X bV
oj/ ;B ns/ fi; sho dh S'j B/ r[o{ ;kfjp d/ pho o; B{z T[ikro
ehsk T[j ni th wjkokik gfNnkbk gk; ;[oZfyns gJh j? . fJ;
g/Nh T[Zs/ ikg[ ;kfjp s/ ig[ih ;kfjp fbfynk j'fJnk j?, i' fJ;
rZb dk m'; gqwkD j? fe ikg[ ;kfjp r[o{ ;kfjp B/ gkT[ANk ;kfjp
nkT[D s'A gfjbK T[ukfonk, ns/ pfusq BkNe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih
dh gftZso ouBk j? .
1711--1880 Jha se d/ T[gob/ fdZs/ 13 fJfsjkf;e ;p{sK
1711
ns/ gqwkDK s'A fJj ;kc kfjo j? fe ;qL dbihs f;zx ih ns/ ;qa
irihs f;zx ih nkgDh r[wokj eoB tkbhnK :eVpkhnK
fbyD bZr/ fJj G[b rJ/ fe fJfsjk; ebgs nNebpkhnK s/
i[rsh eEBK Bkb BjhA f;ofink iKdk pbfe fJfsjkf;e gqwkDK
d/ nkXko ns/ T[BQK d/ ftb/D Bkb jh fbfynk iKdk j? .

fJ;/ ;zdoG ftu Jha n?ua eko B/ fejk j? L fJfsjk;eko sEK

d/ ;p{sK s'A fpBK gqGktjhD s/ fBow{b j? ns/ sZE nkgD/
fJfsjk;eko s'A fpBK fBow{b s/ fBoiht jB. (What is
History) . fJBQK ;fseko:'r ftdtkBK B/ fe; T[d/ dh g{osh
bJh d;w rqzE pko/ fpBK fe;/ ;o's B{z tku/ fJj M{m/ fpnkB dkr/,
T[; dk y[bk;k eoBk e'Jh n"yk BjhA j? . ftdtkB b/yeK dhnK
fbysK s'A ;kc kfjo j? fe fJBQK B/ nkgDhnK fbysK d/ sZs
gfjbK fBoXkfos ehs/ s/ c/o sEK s'A fJ; bJh gqj/ ehsk sK i'
M{m d/ ;jko/ oXktkB, ftukotkB gkmeK B{z d;w rqzE pko/
r[wokj ehsk ik ;Ze/ .
id'A d;w rqzE ;kfjp pko/ M{m dk pkko row j't/ sK fJj
fe; soQK j' ;edk j? fe vka osB f;zx iZrh fJ; ftu nkgDk
fjZ;k Bk gkT[Ad/ . vka osB f;zx iZrh dk ;'X gZso ;qa w/o f;zx
n'e d/ ftukoK dk jh sowkBh ;h . T[BQK d/ ;'X gZso ftu e'Jh
th dbhb iK ftuko T[BQK d/ nkgD/ BjhA f;tkfJ e[M g[oksB phVK
d/ gkm-G/d d/ . i' th ftuko vka osB f;zx iZrh B/ nkgD/ ;'X
gso ftu fdZs/ T[BQK ftu y'i dk n wkso th BjhA. vka iZrh
fbyd/ jB fe fijVh nkfd phV ns/ d;w dh phV dk
fJeZmk ;zebB GkJh wBh f;zx ih B/ fsnko ehsk T[; ftu
r[o{ nrd d/t ih dh pkDh j? jh BjhA . fJ; s'A ;gZN j? fe iK sK
vka iZrh B/ fe;/ yk; wB'oE bJh fJ; ;c?d M{m dk ;jkok fbnk,
iK T[BQK B{z w'N/ nZyoK tkbh phV d/yDh-goyDh BjhA nkJh, iK
T[BQK B/ phV d/y/ p?o jh ;[D/-;[DkJ/ :ZeV wko fdZs/, i' gqzgok
d;w rqzE d/ fto'Xh jkb/ se ubk oj/ jB . fJ;/ gqzgok dh skik
fw;kb ;a dhtkB f;zx (w'jkbh) dh fbys rfbzgf;; n"c uzvh

ufosq (Glimpses of Chandi Charitar) ftu fwbdk j?, fi; ftu

T[BQK B/ fJj ftuko gqrN ehs/ fe r[o{ ;kfjp dk uzvh ufosq Gkrts
g[okD s/ nkXkfos j?, idfe Grts g[okD ftu uzvh dk e'Jh feo
BjhA . n;b ftu b/ye d/th Gkrts g[okD B{z Gkrts g[okD ;wM
fojk j? id fe fJj d't/A g[okD nbZr-nbZr jB .
fJBQK zektkdh yoV frnkBhnK dk nrbk jfEnko j? noEK
d/ nBoE eoBk fiBQK dhnK e[M e[ fw;kbK d/DhnK pj[s o{oh jB .
fJj zektkdh ;ko/ d/ ;ko/ b/yeK B/ nkgDhnK ouBktK ftu
GrT[sh pd d/ noE d[ork dZ;/ jB, i' fe X'y/ Bkb ;zrsK B{z
r[wokj eoB dh e'f jh BjhA pbfe fJ; rb dk ;gN ;p{s j? fe
fJBQK B/ uzvh ufosq B{z fJe tkoh th uzrh soQK BjhA gfVQnk . foh
wkoezv/ B/ wkoezv/ g[okD ftu d[ork bJh 108 Bkw fds/ jB, go
GrT[sh T[[; ftu BjhA j? . GrT[sh ;ko/ g[okfDe ;kfjs ftu gowfgsk gqwkswk bJh tofsnk frnk j?. ;ko/ d;w rqzE ftu GrT[sh
pd dk gq:'r d' tkoh ehsk frnk j? ns/ fJj d't/A tkoh tko ;qh
GrT[sh ih ftu jh nkT[Adk j? L
fgqEw GrT[sh f;wo e? r[o{ BkBe bJhA fXnkfJ ..
-d;w rqzE, tko ;qh GrT[sh ih eh, 1, gL 119 ..
bJh GrT[sh d[or kj toikrfB Gkoh ..
- d;w rqzE, tko ;qh GrT[sh ih eh, 53L2, gL 127 ..
j[D i/ fJBQK yoV frnkBhnK dh BthB ;'u w[skfpe fJ;
T[Zgobh ;so d/ noE ehs/ ikD sK ;kB{z fJj efjDk gt/rk fe d[ork
B/ d[ork B{z cV e/ :[X ehsk . d{;o/ fJj i[zvbh fJj efjD' BjhA
EZedh fe wjKekb pd dk noE ft ih j?, fJ; bJh r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ih B/ ft ih dh nokXBk ehsh . t/fde s/ T[gfBd ;kfjs

ftu th wjKekb, ekb'-ekb gow fgsk gqwkswk bJh jh tos/

rJ/ . gqw[Zy pd e'K ftu th ekb ns/ wjKekb pdK d/ noE
gow-fgsk gqwkswk jh fdZs/ jB . (ft;Eko bJh d/y'L (1
1 ) w[ezd bkb
f;ohtk;stk, frnkB pd e'l (2
2) tha n?;a nkgN/, ;z;feqs
n?Nw'b'ihl (3
3) okipbh gKv/, fjzd{ Xow e'l (4
4) okw uzdo towk,
wkDe fjzdh e'l (5
5) ;:kw ;[zdo dk;, fjzdh pd ;kro ns/ (6
6) vka
n?;a n?;a i'h, gikph-nro/h e') . r[o{ r'fpzd ;kfjp dhnK
fbysK ftu ekb ns/ wjKeb fJ; f;qNh dh f;oiDkswe
esh j?, fi; e'b fJ; B{z sw eoB dh th esh j?, gqwkswk i' fe
ihtB ns/ w"s dk ;[nkwh j? bJh tofsnk frnk j?, r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ;kfjp B/ d;w rqzE ftu gow-fgsk gqwkswk bJh eJh eowBkwK dk toBD ehsk j?, fit/A fe ekb, ;op-ekb, wjkekb,
ekb-ekb/,

ekb

g[oy,

nBzekb,

ekbz

ekb

wjkekb ;z;feqs dk pd j?, fi; d/ kpfde noE jB ;otT[Zu ;wK i' fe ;w/A d/ uZeo s'A ofjs j? ns/ ;ko/ Xkofwe ;kfjs
ftu fJj gow-fgsk gqwkswk bJh tofsnk frnk feT[Afe
gqwkswk ;dhth j? idfe T[; dh ;koh f;qNh BktkB j? . wjkekb
pd dk ;G s'A fnkd (80
80#)
80 gq:'r r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/ nkgDh
ouBk ufosq' gy:kB ftu ehsk j? . fJ;/ soQK pd ft B{z th fJj
yoV frnkBh ft ih Bkb i'V e/ fJj ;kps eoB dh Bkekw e'fK
ftu br/ j'J/ jB fe d;w rqzE ;kfjp fe;/ ;kes eth dh ouBk j? .
go fgSb/ 40 ;kbK ftu fJj BthB y'ih T[; ;kes eth d/ Bkw,
fBtk;, iks-gks, j'Ad, q/Dh s/ fbysK dZ;D ftu g{oh soQK Bkekw
oj/ . fJj fJ; uh dk y[bk;k th BjhA eo ;e/ fe i/ fJj fe;/
ukbke ;kes eth dh ukb ;h sK T[; B/ nX{ohnK fbysK fby e/

nX{oh ukb feT[A uZbh . ;G ftdtkB fJj wBd/ jB fe nekb

T[;sfs, pfuso BkNe (nkgDh eEk), frnkB gqp'X, fsq:k ufoso
nX{o/ jB . i/ d;w rqzE B{z rj[ Bkb ftukohJ/ sK gsk brdk j? fe
ikg[ ;kfjp, nekb T[;sfs, uzvh ufoso (1
1-2), tko ;qh GrT[sh ih
eh, so Bkw wkbk g[okD, efps ;tZJhJ/, coBkw ftu fe;/ eth
dk Bkw BjhA, idfe r'fpzd pd

2 tko okw ntsko (864

864)
864 s/

ufoso' gy:kB (242

242)
242 ftu tofsnk frnk, feqBktsko ftu ;:kw
Bkw dh tos'A ehsh rJh, idfe ufoso' gy:kB ftu okw, ;:kw s/
ekb BkwK dh tos'A ehsh rJh . fJBQK ;kohnK ouBktK d/ [o{ ftu
;qh w[ytke gka d;thA iK gkskjh 10
10 fbfynk i' fe fJ; rZb
dk m'; ;p{s j? fe r'fpzd, okw, :kw r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp
d/ jh T[gBkw jB ns/ fszB jh Bkw nkfd r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu gowfgsk gqwkswk bJh tos/ rJ/ . d;w rqzE ;kfjp B{z nro tZy-tZy
ethnK dh ouBk fJBQK BkwK d/ nkXko s/ wBhJ/ sK fJj c?;bk eoBk
n"yk j't/rk fe fejVk Szd okw dk j? s/ fejVk Szd ;:kw dk j? .
ufosq' gy:kB ftu ufosq BzL 183, 193, 222, 227, 242, 336, 396,
401 ftu okw s/ :kw Bkw dh tos'A ehsh rJh j? . fJ;/ soQK feqB
ntsko ftu th okw s/ :kw d/ Bkw dh tos'A j'Jh j? (Szd 1373,
1822, 1983, 2238, 4796),
4796 okw ntsko ftu r'fpzd s/ :kw BkwK
dh tos'A ehsh rJh j? . (Szd 862, 865)
865 . ufosq' gy:kB s/ feqB
ntsko ftu okw s/ :kw BkwK dh tos'A fJe :K d' SzdK d/ tec/
pknd ehsh rJh j? . (ufosq' gy:kBL 109L19, 22,
22 feqB ntsko,
18721872- 73,
73 d[BhnK d/ ;kfjse fJfsjk; ftu n?;h e'Jh th ekft ouBk
BjhA fi; d/ tZy-tZy Szd nbZr-nbZr ethnK B/ fby/ j'D . fezBh
j?okBh tkbh rb j? fe ;kv/ r[owfs d/ fJj yoV frnkBh ft bJh

1008 Bkw ep{bd/ jB, ftB{ bJh 1000 Bkw th ep{bd/ jB, uzvh
bJh 108 Bkw i' fe gzvsK d/ o"B fdwkrK dh ekY jB, go nkgD/
r[o{ bJh e'Jh th T[gBkw ep{bD bJh fsnko BjhA . ekb s/ jfo
Bkw dk e'Jh th eth r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ dopkoh ethnK dh
g[okDh Bkwktbh ftu BjhA nkT[Adk . ;ko/ Xkofwe rqzEK ftu yk;
eoe/ nkfd ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ns/ ;qh d;w rqzE ;kfjp ftu r'fpzd,
okw, :kw, ekb, jfo pd fiE/ gow-fgsk gqwkswk d/
p'Xe jB, T[E/ r[o{ ;kfjp d/ Bkw dh th gqshfBXsk eod/ jB .
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ dopkoh ethnK dhnK ;[szso ouBktK ;kv/
gk; w"i{d jB ns/ fJBQK B{z fXnkB Bkb tkuB s/ gsk brdk j?
fe ;ko/ dopkoh ethnK B/ r[o{ ;kfjp dhnK pyhK dk feo ehsk j?,
go ;ko/ d;w rqzE ftu ;kohnK ouBktK d/ wrbkuoD :K T[g;zjko
(ouBk d/ ns) ftu f;o s/ f;o gow-fgsk gqwkswk dh T[;ssh T[;
d/ eow BkwK Bkb ehsh rJh j? . fJ;/ soQK i/ dopkoh ethnK tb'A
ehs/ nB[tkd ns/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp tb'A ehs/ nB[tkdK B{z T[BQK
d/ w{b ;o'sK Bkb nfXn?B eohJ/ sK fJj ;k kfjo j[zdk j? fe fiE/
dopkoh ethnK B/ w{b ;o'sK dk nZyo pX nB[tkd (literal
translations) ehsk j? T[ZE/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/ w{b ;q'sK d/ ss
B{z nkgDh ?bh ns/ cb;/ nB[;ko fJe nB{mk o{g fdZsk ns/
nkgDhnK fbysK okjhA Gkosh ;z;feqsh d/ tho BkfJeK B{z nwo pDk
fdZsk . fJ; dh fJe T[dkjoD uzvh ufosq j? . uzvh ufosq T[efs
fpbk;, wkoezv/ g[okD d/ d[ork ;gssh tkb/ Gkr dk ;[szso
nB[tkd dZf;nk iKd j?, go jehes fJ; d/ T[bN j? . wkoezv/ g[okD
ftu fJ; eEk d/ 13 nfXnkfJ s/ 700 ;b'e jB, idfe uzvh ufosq
T[es fpbk; d/ 8 nfXnkfJ s/ 233 Szd jB . r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih

B/ ;[u/s wB Bkb pj[s p/b'VhnK ;fEshnK fJ; ouBk ftu'A eZY

fdZshnK jB. wkoezv/ g[okD d/ gfjb/ 4 nfXnkfJ i' fe d[ork
T[;ssh ftu jB T[j r[o{ ;kfjp B/ nkgDh ouBk ftu kfwb BjhA
ehs/. fJ;/ soQK r[o{ ;kfjp B/ jkoK ;kbK d/ :[XK, d/tfsnK d/ fJem/
j'D, d/th dh T[sgsh s/ j'o t/ot/ nkgDh ouBk dk fjZ;k BjhA
pDkJ/ . ;Zu s/ B/eh dh esh d[ork B{z T[ikro eoB bfrnK uzvh d/
B/ dk fposKs th r[o{ ;kfjp B/ nkgDh ouBk ftu kfwb BjhA
ehsk, idfe wkoezv/ g[okD ftu d[ork tb'A okp d/ ;/tB dh pks Gh
ejh rJh j? . wkoezv/ g[okD d/ 11 s/ 12 nfXnkfJ ftu d/th T[;sfs
s/ wjksw B{z g{oh soQK Beko e/ r[o{ ;kfjp B/ gqwkswk gk;'A B/e ezwK
d/ fdqV fttk; Bkb vN/ ofjD dh gqkoEBk ehsh j? L
d/fj f;tk po w'fj fJj?
[G eowB s/ epj{z B No' ..
B vo' nfo ;' ip ikfJ bo',
fB;u? eo nkgBh ihs eo' ..
no[ f;y j" nkgB/ jh wB e"
fJj bkbu jT[ r[B sT[ T[uo' ..
ip nkt eh nT[X fBXkB pB?
ns jh oB w? sp i{M wo' ..
uzvh ufosq, 231 ..
fJ;/ soQK uzvh-ufosq d{ik i' fe d/th Gkrts g[okD s/
nkXkfos j? ftu th r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ fJ; w{b ;o's ftu n;[o
eshnK dh T[sgsh, d[ork dh T[sgsh, d[ork dh T[;ssh ns/
jkoK ;kbK dh bVkJh B{z nkgDh ouBk ftu irQk BjhA fdsh .
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ f;o nkgD/ GrT[sh d/ cb;c/ B{z d?th

esh ns/ fJbkjh fJB;kc d/ o{g ftu jh uzvh ufosq T[efs fpbk;,
uzvh ufosq d{ik, tko ;qh GrT[sh ftu g/ ehsk j? . d[ork ;z;feqs
dk

pd

j?

fi;

dk

wsbp

j?

gj[zu

s'A

goQ/, d[orw, nrw ns/ fJ;/ jh o{g ftu T[j r[o{ ;kfjp dhnK
fbysK ftu nkT[Adh j? . r[o{ ;kfjp dk c[owkB j? L
fe;B fp;B epj{z Bfj fXnkT{A ..
ekB ;[B/ gfjukB B fsB ;'A ..
d;w rqzE, feqB ntsko, 434, ga 310 ..
itB ekb ;G irs pBk:' ..
d/t d?s iSB T[gik:' ..
nkfd nfs J/e? ntskok ..
;'Jh r[o{ ;wfM:j[ jwkok ..9
9..
d;w rqzE, efp:' pku p/Bsh u'gJh, 9 ga 138 ..
fJj d' jh c[owkB fJ; rb B{z ;kps eoB bJh ekch jB fe
r[o{ ih d/ d[ork d/ fpB B{z BjhA wBd/, d[ork sK pj[s d{o j?. T[j
f;oc gow-fgsk gqwkswk B{z jh nkgDk fJN wBd/ jB Bk fe fe;/
ntsko g[o B{z . fJ;/ bJh ;kv/ uzvhrVQ d/ yoV frnkBh fJBQK
ouBktK s'A w[Beo jB sK i' T[j nkgDh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp fto[X
wdh GktBk dk g;kok eo ;eD .
tko ;qh GrT[sh ih eh d/ wrbkuoD ftu r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ;kfjp dk Bkw BjhA j? i' fe fJ; rb dk gqwkD j? fe fJj
r[o{ ;kfjp dh gqwkfDe s/ fJfsjkf;e ouBk j? . i/ fJj fe;/ eth dh
ouBk j[zdh sK fJ; ftu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp dk Bkw th B"A r[o{nK
s'A pknd kwb j[zdk . ;kv/ fJj yoV frnkBh fJj th ;kps eoB dh
e'f ftu jB fe fJj r[o{ ;kfjp d/ ;wekbh ns/ f;y e"w dh wjkB

jhd GkJh wBh f;zx ih Bkb'A fnkdk f;nkD/ jB feT[Afe id'A 18

thA ;dh ftu kb;/ dh nodk; pDkJh rJh sK GkJh wBh f;zx ih B{z
fJj gsk BjhA ;h fe fJj r[o{ ;kfjp dh ouBk j? iK BjhA, fi; dk
fJbjkw fJBQK zek tkdhnK B{z j' u[ek j?, fi; dk e{V gquko fJj j[D
eo oj/ jB .
id'A r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp ofus uzvh ufosq T[efs fpbk;,
uzvh ufosq d{ik, tko ;qh GrT[sh ih eh nkfd dh w{b g[okDe ;o'sK
Bkb s[bBk eohJ/ sK fJj ;kc kfjo j[zdk j? fe r[o{ ;kfjp B/ ;[u/s
wB Bkb g[okDe ;kfjs dhnK p/b'VhnK ;fEshnK s/ ft;Eko
nkgDhnK ouBktK ftu kfwb BjhA ehs/.

r[o{ ;kfjp B/

g"okDe ;kfjs dk fwEjk;e n sw eoe/ fJBQK eEktK B{z gfjbh

tko fJfsjk;e gq;zr d/ s"o s/ g/ ehsk . uzvh ufosqK ftu
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/ ;z;feqs pd fB;zr dk gq:'r d' tkoh
ehsk j? L
ekbh nT[ uzv e[tzv ;zGko e?
d?s ;' i[X fB;zr ;fiU j?. uzvh ufosq T[efs fpbk;,171
171..
171
pkj? fB;zr .. T{m?A MqVzr ..
s[ge sVke .. T[Zms eVke .. uzvh ufosq d{ik, 30 ..
fJ; ;z;feqs pd dk gikph ;wo{g j? fBjzr fi; dk gq:'r
r[o{ noiB d/t ih r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu fJzi eod/ jBL
fBoGT[ j'fJU GfJnk fBjzrk, (gL 392)
392 . fBjzr pd dk fJZE/
gq:'r T[; fJB;kB bJh j? i' fe fBoGT[ j? ns/ w"s d/ vo s'A ofjs j?,
fBvo j?, fBXVe j? . fJ; ;z;feqs pd fB;zr fi; B{z fe
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu fBjzr (gikph o{g) ftZu tofsnk frnk j? s'A
fBjzr f;zxK d/ ifEnK dh T[sgsh j'Jh s/ T[BQK B/ fJ; pd B{z nkgD/

iE/ dk Bkw d/ fdZsk . fJBQK uzvh ufosqK ftZu

jh

r[o{ r'fpzd

f;zx ;kfjp d/ eJh f;XKs T[ikro ehs/ fit/A fe L kb;k nekb

g[oy eh c"i, uVQdh ebk, tkfjr[o{ ih ek kb;k .. tkfjr[o{ ih
eh sfj .., ;tk bky ;/ J/e bVkT{, sp? r'fpzd f;zx Bkw ejkT{A,
Xow :[ZX d/r-s/ sfj nkfd . r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/
nkgDhnK ouBktK ftu d[ork B{z ;ot-eshwkB gqwkswk
dh ;zxkoB esh d/ o{g ftu g/ eoe/ nkgD/ kb;/ bJh sZs frnkB,
fdqVsk ns/ j"A;b/ dk T[j ;'wk fsnko ehsk fi; d/ b;/ okjhA g{oh
18 thA ;dh kb;k r[o{ d/ ;kE s'A fpBK T[BQK d/ T[d/ dh g{osh bJh
Xow :[ZX ftZu ftuodk fojk s/ n;[o eshnK s/ csfj gk e/ fJ;
Xosh B{z ftd/h jwbktoK s'A w[es eokT[D s/ kb;k oki ;Ekgs
eoB ftu ;cb j'fJnk ns/ r[o{ ;kfjp d/ c[owkB L Gkoh G[ikB e/
Gkoh Go/;', dh soiwkBh ehsh (pfusq BkNe, 1L92)
1L92 . fe;/ th ouBk
iK ;so s'A fJj f;ZX BjhA j[zdk fe r[o{ ;kfjp B/ d[ork dh g{ik ehsh,
iK T[; dh T[;ssh ehsh, iK T[; dk wkBtheoB (Personification)
ehsk, :K T[; B{z gqrN (Recall) ehsk . nekb T[;sfs ftZu th
d[ork d/ n;oK B{z ;zxkoB d/ 20 Szd (211
211211-230)
230 jB, fiBQK dk
ft;Eko uzvh ufosq T[efs fpbk;, uzvh ufosq d{ik ftZu eoe/
tko ;qh GrT[sh ih eh ns/ ufosq'gy:kB d/ gfjb/ nfXnkfJ
ftu ;zfygs o{g ftZu g/ eoe/ fJj gZek ;p{s d/ fdZsk fe
fJj ;kohnK ouBktK fJZe' jh ebw dhnK jB ns/ fJj ebw
w/o/ ;fsr[o{ gkskj dh jh j? . fJ; s'A fJbktk r[o{ ;kfjp B/ nkgD/
fJZe' fJN gow-fgsk gqwkswk d/ f;XKs B{z j/m fby/ Szd ebwpzd
eoe/ fJj th ;kps eo fdZsk fe T[j gow fgsk gqwkswk B{z jh d[ork
dh f;oiD esh wBd/ jB L

s?jh d[ork ;kfie?

d?s dk Bk;[ eokfJnk ..
d;w rqzE, tko ;qh GrT[sh ih eh, 2L3 ..
ekb s[jh ekbh s[jh
s[jh s/r no[ sho ..
s[jhA fB;kBh ihs eh
nki s[jh ir pho ..5
5..
d;w rqzE, ;qh sq Bkw wkbk g[okD, 5..
s[jh okw j`?e? jmh d?s xk:'..
s[jh feqB j`? ez; e/;h ygk:' ..
s[jh ikbgk ekbek e? pykBh ..
s[jh u"dj[z b'e eh okiXkBh ..
d;w rqzE, ufosq'g:kB, ufosq 1L6 ..
i' ;wkXh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/ iwBk Bdh d/ ezY/
gkT[ANk ;kfjp fty/ nso fXnkB j' e/ gow-fgsk gqwkswk dh T[;sfs
eoB bJh brkJh s/ nkgDh nekb T[;sfs ftu s[jhA s[jhA dh
X[zBh S/Vh ns/ 16 tko fJ; dk fBozso ikg ehsk (nekb T[;sfs,
1919- 20),
20 nekb T[;sfs ftu s[jhA s[jhA dh X[Bh d/ ikg[ dh r{zi
tko ;qh GrT[sh ih eh, ;qh sq Bkw wkbk g[okD ns/ ufosq' gy:KB
se ekfJw oZyh, fit/A fe T[Zgo fdZs/ Bkw-wkso jtkfbnK s'A gsk
brdk j?, fJ; ;u B{z T[ikro eoB ftu g{oh soQK ;woE s/ ;gN j?
fe ;kohnK ouBktK r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp dhnK jh jB .
;z;ko d/ ;kfjse fJfsjk; ftu fJj feqwk gfjbh s/ nkyoh
tko j'fJnk fe fe;/ eth B/ nkgD/ d/ d/ ;kfjse s/ fJfsjkf;e
fto;/ B{z toswkB gq;fEshnK ftu Ykb e/ nkgD/ Xow :[ZX d/ f;XKs

B{z T[ikro ehsk . d;w rqzE ;kfjp ftu nkfd r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp Bkb'A
fwfEjkf;e BktK s/ xNBktK dk xZN feo j? . fijVhnK fwfEjk;e
BkfJe-BkfJektK dk feo nkfd r[o{ rqzE ftu nbzeko d/ s"o s/
ehsk frnk j?, T[; Bkb fJj fwfEjk;e gkso b'eK dh oXk s/
fttk; dk fjZ;k pD rJ/ . r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/ fJBQK BktK s/
xNBktK dh ft;Eko Bkb d;w rqzE ftu ftnkfynk eoe/ b'eK
dh ;'uDh s/ fdqNhe'D ftu fJe eqKsh fbnKdh . i/ nkfd
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu nkJ/ fwfEjk;e xNBktK d/ BkfJe BkfJektK dk
feo ehsk frnk j? . fJj e'Jh nfs-eEBh BjhA j't/rh i/ d;w rqzE
B{z nkfd r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu nkJ/ fwfEjk;e jtkfbnK dk
ftnkfynkeko rqzE Bkb ;BwkfBs ehsk ikt/ . r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx B/
d;w rqzE ;kfjp ftu fJe nekb g[oy dh ;ot-T[Zusk ekfJw oZyD
bJh fJj ss T[ikro ehsk j? fe fijVhnK d?th eshnK

dh

fjzd';skB d/ b'e g{ik eod/ jB T[j gow-fgsk gqwkswk dh f;oiB

s/ ftBkekoh esh d/ jh r[bkw jB, ns/ T[j ;ot-eshwkB
gqwkswk d/ j[ew ftu eJh tko fJ; Xosh s/ nkJ/ s/ e{u ehs/ .
r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fizBh ;gNsk Bkb d/th-d/tfsnK s/ w{osh-g{ik dk
yvB d;w rqzE ;kfjp ftu ehsk j?, T[sBh ;gNsk Bkb fJ; dk
yvB r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu BjhA j? . fJj ;ko/ d/ ;ko/ d/th-d/tfsnK B/
wksb'e ftu gow-fgsk gqwkswk dh g{ik dh pikfJ nkgDh g{ik
[o{ eotk fdZsh .
d;w rqzE ;kfjp d/ e[b gB/ 1428 jB, jo/e gB/ s/
25 ;soK jB ns/ d;w rqzE ftu 8, 92, 700 b jB . nkfd
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ifrnk;{ bJh fJe nfXnkswe ;o j?, idfe d;w
rqzE ;kfjp ifrnk;{ bJh ;zs s'A f;gkjh pDB dk ;co j? .

r[o{ jor'fpzd ;kfjp B/ i' whoh-ghoh dk f;XKs 1606 JhL ftu

T[ikro ehsk T[; dh soiwkBh d;w rqzE ;kfjp eodk j? . nkfd
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp efb:[r ftu gow fgsk gqwkswk d/ ftu b'eK d/
fttk; dh T[dk;hBsk s/ Xow dh d[odk dh rZb eodk j?, d;w
rqzE fJ; s'A fJbktk Xow-:[ZX d/ ip/ d/ nGkt dh rZb eodk j? .
nkfd r[o{ rqzE Xow B{z o{jkBh s/ nfXnkswe frnkB d/ y/so ftu
T[ikro eodk j?, idfe d;w rqzE Xow dh G{fwek ;wkfie s/
okiBhse y/so ftu T[ikro eodk j? . nkfd r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp f;yK dk
jfowdo j? sK d;w rqzE f;y gE dk nekb ss j?, fi; s'A
ifrnk;{ jfowdo d/ doB eoB d/ Bkb-Bkb nkgD/ Xow :[X d/
b;/ s'A th ikD{ j[zdk j? . fJ; Xow :[X d/ b;/ B{z fdqVQkT[D bJh
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/ kb;k gE gqrN ehsk . d;w rqzE jh f;yK
e'b fJZe n?;k gqwkfDe ;'wk j? i' fe kb;Jh tfusqsk dk gqrNktk
eodk j? . fJ; ftu'A s/ f;oc fJ;/ ftu'A jh kb;k ofjs, kb;/ d/
T[d/, kb;/ d/ eeko, kb;/ d/ yv/, kb;/ dhnK fBsB/w pkDhnKL
ikg[,
;tJhJ/, u"gJh

nkfd kb;/ dh nodk;, kb;k wfjwk, kb;/ d/

Xow :[X d/ b;/, kb;/ d/ i?eko/-d/ s/ cfsj, tkfjr[o{ ih

ek ykb;k, tkfjr[o{ ih eh csfj, kb;/ dk nkuoD, s/ kb;/ d/
uVdh ebk d/ f;XKs d/ doB j[zd/ jB . n;b ftu d;w rqzE ;kfjp
kb;/ dk rqzE ns/ fi; dk fttk; r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ f;ZXKsK
ftu j't/rk, T[j fJ; dh ftnkfynk eoB ftu ;woE j't/rk . kb;k
d;w rqzE ;kfjp s'A fpBK fBow{b s/ fBopb j? .

;qh d;w rqzE dk eofsqst ns/ T[d/

dw/ fgsk d/ ihtB dh nfsw ouBk coBkwk, GkJh
d:k f;zx okjhA n"ozr/p B{z dZyD d/ d"o/ t/b/, nfjwd Bro ftu
fwfbnk . fJ; pko/ nZi sZe fe;/ fJe pzd/ B/ Gh Ze BjhA ehsk fe
fJj r[o{ feqs BjhA j? .
r[o{ ;kfjp dh cko;h fbgh ns/ cko;h pdktbh tkbh
ouBk T[BQK d/ cehoh iwkb ns/ kjh ibkb dk ewkb ;h, fi; B/
n"ozr/p d/ egNsk Go/ wB d/ fetkV y'b e/ ;Zu dk n?;k Mbekok
wkfonk fe nkbwrho pkdkj X[o ndo'A fjZb frnk ns/ BkBe
go;sK B{z nkkd fcoB d/D pko/ kjh c[owkB ikoh eoB s/ wp{o
j' frnk .
Bhb/ d/ kj ;tko ns/ ebw d/ XBh ebrhnK tkb/ B/
eh ;koh fizdrh ftu e/tb fJj fJe' ouBk ehsh j't/rh, e'Jh
wB/rk < fi; d/ dopko ftu t/b/ d/ pkdkjK Bkb'A ;G s'A tZX eth
j'D ns/ fi; d/ n;spb d/ x'fVnK dh fbd u[ZeD tkb/ pV/ pV/
Bkwto ethnK dk x[wzv s'VB tkb/ j'D, fi; B/ eJh ;kb
brksko iwBk d/ ezY/ s/ eth dopko brk e/ ethnK e'b'A
eftsktK ;[D e/ T[BQK dh do[;sh ehsh j't/, fi; d/ dopko ftu
GkJh Bzd bkb tor/ nkbw ckb kfJo, ns/ nB/eK fpqi Gkk d/
eth j'D, eh T[; r[o{ B/ ihtB ekb ftu e/tb fJe' coBkwk
jh fbfynk, fJj e"D wB/rk < fB;u/ jh d;w rqzE d/ Bkw dh ;koh
ouBk r[o{ feqs j? . fi; dk ftb/B n;hA nZr/ eoKr/ .
d;w rqzE d/ fto'XhnK dk fJj soe fe dw/ ih dk izrK
i[XK tkbk, u[B"shnK Gfonk ihtB j'D ekoD fJZvh tZvh ouBk

BjhA eo ;ed/ nfrnkBsk Gfonk j? . i/ nZi eZbQ dhnK u[D'shnK

Go/ wkj"b ftu, nNZb fpjkoh pkigkJh eftsktK fby ;ed/ jBl
gfvs itkjo bkb Bfjo{ nB/eK g[;seK d/ ou?sk j' ;ed/ jB ns/
d[BhnK dh d' fsjkJh s/ oki eoB tkbh e"w d/ gqXkB wsoh
ft;zNB uofub feskpK fby ;ed/ jB sK dw/ fgsk feT[A BjhA
fby ;ed/ <
i/ "o ehsk ikt/ sK guw fgsk B{z gfotkoe ns/
pqkjwDh ;wki s'A, xZN u[D"shnK dk ;kjwDk eoBk BjhA fgnk ;h .
fco Gh T[BQK B/ nB/eK Bro t;kJ/, ;o'to pDkJ/ ns/ ;qh
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh ;zgkdBk dk S'Nk ezw BjhA ehsk, fi; ftu
seohpB nZXh ouBk, T[BQK dh nkgDh j? . ntskoh g[oK B{z s[e
pzdh eoB tkb/ ethnK tKr fdwkr yo'u yo'u e/ fbyDk BjhA
g?Adk pbfe L-

pkDh T[uofj ;kX iB,

MoD/
nfwT[ ubfj M
oD/ .. (gBk 322)
322
nB[;ko, eftsk rzrk dh Xkok tKr T[BQK d/ fjod/ ftu'A
fBebdh j? .
1408
i'fs o{g[ jfo nkfg r[o{ BkBe[ ejk:T[ .. (gBk 1408)
ns/
i'fs Ujk i[rfs ;kfJ ;fj ekfJnk c/fo gbNhn? ..
(gBk 966
966)
nB[;ko r[o{ BkBe dh rZdh d/ d;t/A tkfo; s/ fJj soe
nfrnkBsk jh BjhA, Bhu eowh Gh j? .
ebrhXo fgsk d/ ihtB s/ gSh Mks gkfJnK gsk ubdk
j? fe L
(1) d;zpo 1666 gi ;kb dh T[wo sZe nkg gNBk ;kfjp oj.

(2)

6 ;kb dh T[wo s'A 18 ;kb sZe, g{o/ pkoK ;kb

nkBzdg[o ;kfjp oj/ .
(3) ;zB 1684 s'A 1687 sZe BkjB d/ oki/ e'b oj/ . fJE/ nkg
B/ BkjB d/ oki/ w/dBh gqek ns/ ;qh Bro d/ oki/ csj kj
dh ;[bkj eotkJh . iwBk d/ ezY/ gkT[ANk ;kfjp dk Bro
t;kfJnk ns/ eth dopko ;ikJ/ .
(4) wJh 1687 JhL B{z GzrkDh dk :[ZX j'fJnk . fJ; soQK gfjbk
iZ[X nkg ih B/ 21 ;kb dh T[wo ftu ehsk .
(5) 1687 ftu nBzdg[o nkT[D s'A g{o/ d' ;kb fgS'A 23 ;kb dh
T[wo ftu 1689 ftu Bd"D dk i[ZX j'fJnk .
(6) ;zB 1690 JhL ftu j[;?Bh i[ZX j'fJnk . fJ; soQK gsk ubdk
j? fe r[orZdh gqkgs eoB s'A fgS'A g{o/ 15 ;kb d/ ;w/A ftu
nkg B{z fe;/ pj[sh fpgsk dk ;kjwDk BjhA eoBk fgnk .
1701 s'A fgS'A jh nkg w[stkso izrK ftu w;o{c oj/ .
dw/ fgsk dh s/r ns/ shoK s'A s/i uZbD tkbh ebw
bJh d;w rqzE dh ouBk bJh fJj gdoK ;kb e'Jh E'Vk ;wK
BjhA ;h .
;ko/ Gow G[b/y/ d{o eoB bJh dw/ ih B/ pj[s ;kohnK
ouBktK dh ;wkgsh d/ ;zws ns/ fwshnK, ouBk ;EkB ;w/s nkg
jh toBD eo fdZs/ jB .
(T)
;s[o ;? u[sktb w? ;ktB ;[fd p[Xtko ..
Bro gKtNk w'A s[w' ofu:' rqzE ;[Xkfo .. gBk 983 ..
(n) ;s[o ;?A g?skb ;/ ;ktB ;[fd fEfs dhg ..

Bro gKtNk [G eoB iw[Bk, pj? ;whg ....

(feqBk ntsko)

(J)

(;)

;zps ;Zs[o ;fj; GfDi? ..

noX ;fj; c[fB shB efji? ..
Gkdt ;[dh nNwh oft tkok ..
sho ;s[dqt rqzE ;[Xkok .. (ufosq 405)
405
;zws ;Zs[o ;j; guktB ..
jkV tdh fgqEw ;[y dktB ..
B/sq s[zr e/ uoB so ;s[dqt sho sozr ..
;qh Grts g{oB eh:' ox[po eEk gq;zr .. (okwk

ntsko)
fJ; soQK, pVh ;fji nt;Ek ftu fJj ;kok rqzE fsnko
j'fJnk . r[o{ dopkoh ethnK B/ i' ouBktK ehshnK ;B, jkbks B{z
ftrVfdnK d/y e/ T[BQK B{z gfjbK jh nkBzdg[o ;kfjp s'A pj[s
tZv/ ;BwkB d/ e/ ftdk eo fdZsk ;h, fJ; bJh fB;u/ Bkb
efj ;ed/ jK fe T[j ykbh jZE xoK B{z BjhA rJ/ j'Dr/ pbfe
nkgDhnK ouBktK Bkb b? rJ/ ;B . i' dw/ ih dh nkgDh
ouBk ;h, T[jh nkBzdg[o ;kfjp T[BQK e'b ;h. fJj Gh g{o/ Go';/
Bkb efjnk ik ;edk j? fe r[o{ e/ ;wekbh f;ZyK B/ r[o{ feqs d/
T[sko/ Gh ntZ jh ehs/ ;B .
nekb g[oy d/ j[ew nzdo id nkBzdg[o SZvDk fgnk sK
j'o ;wkB d/ Bkb pj[s ;kok fbfynk ;kfjs BN j' frnk . go
e[M e[ oXktkB f;yK d/ ehs/ T[sko/ ns/ e[M e[ r[o{ ;kfjp d/
nkgD/ d;s/ w[pkoe Bkb fby/ gzB/ pu Gh rJ/, i' nZr/ uZb
e/ ;kps j' ikt/rk .
r[o{ ;kfjp d/ i'sh i'fs ;wkT[D fgS'A wksk ;[zdoh ih B/
GkJh wBh f;zx ih B{z dopko ;kfjp dh ;/tk ;zGkb bJh G/fink

Bkb jh dw/ fgsk dh pkDh bZG e/ ;zGkbD dh skehd Gh ehsh .

GkJh ;kfjp B/ wksk ih B{z i' fuZmh fbyh T[; s'A gsk ubdk j? fe
T[BQK B/ d'B'A ezw g{oh sB d/jh Bkb f;o/ ukVQ/ .
vkeNo fsqb'uB f;zx dh fbys nB[;ko GkJh wBh f;zx ih
B/ jhd j'D s'A uko ;kb gfjbK d;w rqzE dh phV fsnko eoe/
gE B{z g/ ehsh . fi; s/ v{zxh thuko uouk j'Jh . eJhnK dk
efjDk ;h fe r[o{ ;kfjp dhnK nksw T[gd/ tkbhnK pkDhnK
ikg ;kfjp nekb T[;sfs, jko/ d/ pd ns/ 33 ;tZ:/ nkfd dh
nbZr g'Eh pD/, fjzd{ fwfEjk;e rqzEK d/ T[bZE/ ns/ ufosq' gy:kB
nkfd nZv nZv g'EhnK ftu oyhnK ikD. go eJhnK dk efjDk ;h
fe ;kohnK fJe' irk ofjD .
wjkB e' nB[;ko fJ; ft/ s/ thuko, GkJh ;kfjp dh
jhdh fgS'A gzE B/ dwdw/ ;kfjp ehsh . go ;kohnK pkDhnK, i'
j[D gquZbs d;w rqzE ftu jB, GkJh wBh f;zx tb'A fJeZsq eo e/
rqzE fsnko eoB B{z GkJh ekBQ f;zx ih ;thekod/ jB . fJE/ fJj
dZ;Dk Gh T[fus j? fe fJBQK feosK B{z nZv nZv g'EhnK dh eb
ftu oZfynk ikt/ iK fJe rqzE ftu oZfynk ikt/ . e/tb fJj'
wZsG/d T[; t/b/ d/ gEe ftdtkBK ftu ;h . go fJBQK d/ eosk
pko/ fe;/ fJe f;y B{z Gh zek BjhA ;h . id fe j[D fJj e[gquko
ehsk ik fojk j? fe nkfd ekb s'A fJ; rqzE pko/ gE ftu
wZsG/d ;h .
GkJh wBh f;zx ih tZb'A fsnko ehsh nkfd ;qh
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh phV i' guw fgsk dh pDkJh soshp s'A tZyoh,
okrK nB[;ko Bk j' e/ r[o{ ;kfjpK d/ wjZb/ dh soshp nB[;ko ;h
ns/ fi; B{z gE B/ gqtkB BjhA ehsk ;h T[; dk Sbktk d/ fe j[D

gquko j' fojk j? fe GkJh wBh f;zx tb'A fJeZsq ehsh, d;w rqzE dh
pkDh B{z gE B/ gqtkB BjhA ehsk, ;ok;o e[co j? . gE tZb'A
ngqtkBs nkfd phV j[D bZGh rJh j? i' fe vkeNo r[ouoB f;zx
ih foa w[yh ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp nfXn?B ftGkr gikph :{Bhtof;Nh,
gfNnkbk e'b ezfgT{No ftu wfjc{ j? .
GkJh wBh f;zx ih tb'A fsnko ehsh d;w rqzE dh phV
ftu, r[o{ ;kfjp d/ nkgDh ebw Bkb fby/ ebeh ntsko ftu'A,
fJe gzB/ dh c'N' wjkB e' d/ gzBk 419 s/ GkJh ekBQ f;zx ih B/
fdZsh j? . gkmeK dh frnks bJh GkJh ;kfjp B/ fJ; dh Gog{o
ikDekoh s'A fJbktk noE Gh ehs/ jB fi; dh c'N' Bkb brkJh ik
ojh j? .
fi; soQK ;G B{z gsk j? fe wZ;k ozxV dh xNBk fgS'A ;ko/
gE B/ ;op ;zwsh Bkb d;w rqzE dhnK ;kohnK B{z pkDhnK GkJh
wBh f;zx ih d/ pDkJ/ sseo/ nB[;ko fJe fibd ftu oyDk
gqtkB eo fbnk .
vkeNo fsqb'uB f;zx ih nB[;ko GkJh wBh f;zx s'A
fJbktk j'o Gh eJh r[of;ZyK B/ nkgD/ TZ[dw Bkb fJ; rqzE dhnK
phVK fsnko ehshnK iK GkJh wBh f;zx ih s'A fsnko ehs/ rqzE d/
T[sko/ ehs/ .
fJBQK ftu'A w[yh Bkw, pkpk r[opy f;zx, ;[yk f;zx ns/
pkpk fpB'd f;zx ih d/ jB . pkpk fpB'd f;zx ih r[o{ nrd d/t
wjkoki d/ gVg's/ ns/ dw/ fgsk d/ j{oh f;zx ;B, fiBQK B{z
wjkoki B/ pzd/ pjkdo Bkb gi fgnkfonK u'A fJe fgnkok Ekg e/
gikp G/fink ;h . pkpk fpB'd f;zx dk fbfynk d;w rqzE nZi
eZbQ wjkokik gfNnkbk d/ fBZih d/y-o/y j/m j? . vkeNo fsqb'uB

f;zx ih B/ fJ; dk v{zxk nfXn?B ehsk j? ns/ d/fynk j? fe fJ;

ftu 28 gzB/ dw/ ih d/ nkgD/ eo ewbK d/ fby/ j'J/ bZr/ j'J/
jB . fJBQK ftu'A fJe gB/ dk c'N' n;hA nzfse/ ftu d/ oj/ jK .
fJ;/ soQK pkpk dhg f;zx ih dh jE fbys fBsB/w dh g'Eh
pfmzvk d/ fgv fsT[Dk g[ikohnK s'A gqkgs j'Jh j? . fJ; ftu nkfd
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ns/ d;w rqzE ftu'A, d'BK rqzEK ftu dhnK pkDhnK
jB . Bkb jh fJE'A pkpk dhg f;zx ih d/ T[so nfXekoh pkpk fws
f;zx dh jZE fbys d;w rqzE dh phV gqkgs j'Jh j? . fJj ;G vka
r[ouoB f;zx ih e'b jB .
j[D n;hA T[gobh ehsh uouk dh gq'Vsk bJh fJfsjk;e
gqwkB gkmeK bJh G/N eod/ jK .
dw/; ih d/ ;wekbh, GkJh d/;k f;zx nkgD/ fby/
ofjsBkw/ ftu ebrhXo wjkoki d/ puB fJ; soQK fbyd/ jB L
;[Bj[ f;zx fJe puB jwkok .
gqEw? jw B/ ikg T[ukok .. 233 ..
g[B nekb T[;sfs i' ejh . p/d ;wkB gkm i/ njh .
pBtk:'
..134
134..
g[B pfusq BkNe pB
tk:' . ;'fY pz; ij eEk ;[jk:' ..
134
..
g[B d' uzvh ufosq pBkJ/ . nso e/ ;p efp wB GkJ/ .
134..
r:kB gqp'X p'X jw ejk . i; gkm eo jfo gd bjk .. 134
..
g[B u'ph; ntsko ejkBh . poBB eok ;wM ;G r:kBh .
dsk sq/: e/ r[o{ ;[ekJ/ . g[B pfusq gy:kB pBkJ/ .. 136 ..
fsB e/ Gh fJe rqzE tykBk . gVQ? w{VQ ;' j'fJ ;:kBk ..
pd jko/ e/ ;[ydkJh . ;p? fBqgB eh eEk ;[BkJh .. 137 ..
;' w?A fjs eo poB ;tkoh . g[B ej ojzs B ej{z T[ukoh .

uko ;" uko ufosq pBkJ/ . ijK i[tfsB e/ Sb fdybkJ/ ..

.. 138 ..
(ofjsBkw/ feqs fgnkok f;zx gdw gqeke, GkJh uso f;zx ihtB
f;zx gzBk 156-57)
dw/ ih d/ i'sh i'fs ;wkT[D d/ seohpB 56 ;kb fgS'A
e/;o f;zx fSpo (d'jsk GkJh wshdk;) nkgD/ fby/ pz;ktbh Bkwk
d;K gkskjhnK ek ftu fbydk j? L

;zws ;skoK ;" gutzik f;yK ;kfjp

fBtki
nr/ fpBsh ehsh, rohp fB
tki i/ puB j't/
sK d'jK rqzEK dh fibd fJe ukjhn? eo bhsh .
;kfjp puB ehsk J/fj nkfd r[o{ j? rqzE .
Uj n;kvh y/v j?, i[dk oj/ wB wzE .. 399 ..
r[o{ ehnK ;kyhnK feqs GkJh ;o{g f;zx e'fe fi; B{z
gqf;ZX ftdtkB fgnkok f;zx gdw ih B/ ;zgkfds ehsk j?, ns/ f;zx
pqdo B/ githA tko iBtoh 2003 ftu gqeks ehsk j?, ftu d;w
rqzE pko/ fJzi toBD j? L
(1)

;zws 1741 ftu ;qh feqB nNwh s/ ;qh feqBk ntsko ek

gqkozG ehnk .

np poB' feqBk ntsko{ . i?; GKs pg[ Xok w[oko{ .

f;XkBh
gow gkg s/ G{fw vokBh . vrwrks fpX sho f;
XkBh .
nekb g[oy e/ puB s/ ;zsB j/s ;jkfJ .
wEok wzvb e? fpy? iBw Xo' jfo ikfJ .
i? i? feqB ufoso fdykJ/ . d;w* phu ;G Gky pBkJ/ .
(*Gkrts g[okB d;tK ;ezX)

frnkoK ;fj; fSnk;h Szdk . ej/ d;w g[o p?m nkBzdk .

(feqBktsko)
fi;

dh

;wkgsh

gKtN/

Bro

;kb

;skoK

;"

gZskbh; ;ktB ;[dh ;Zs/ wzrbtko e/ fdt;h iwBk Bdh d/ ezY/ s/

j'Jh .

;skoK ;? gskb w? ;ktB ;[fd fsE dhg .

Bro gktNk [G eoB iwBk pj? ;whg .
(feqBktsko) gBk feskp 93
(2)

r[o{ ih B/ okik cs/kj e/ r?b i[X eoB/ eh fsnkoh eoBh

nkozG eo dJh . bkr/ dopko w/ fJzi puB ehnk L

XzB ihU fsj e[ ir w/A w[y s/ jfo fuZs wfj i[X fpuko? .
d/j nfBs B fBs oj? i; Bkt uVQ? Gt ;kro sko? .
Xhoi Xkw pBkfJ fJj? sB p[fX ;[ dhge fiT[A T[ihnko? .
frnkBfj eh pYBh wB' jkE b? eksosk e[stko p[jko? .
(feqBk ntsko) gBk feskp 93
(3)

;kyh (55) fjkd/ w[nZw eh gikp nkB/ eh ubh L

fjkdk w[jzwd w[nZw nkrok ;/ wdo d/; eh soc uVQ e/

nkfJnk . nkBzd g[o w/ fJB ek nkBk ;[B eo wBub/ f;y r[o{ ih

ek ;kE S'o T[go gops w/A ub/ rJ/ . ;fsr[oK fJ; ;w/A ;skoK ;?
nmskbh ;/ gokozG ehnk rqzE ufoso' gy:kB ;skoK ;? fsotzik ;/
Gkdt ;[dh nZm/ e/ fdj[z ;zg{oB ehnk . d[NK tZb'A T[mkJ/ ik oj/
T[sgkd w/ oZfynk ;qh nf;X[i nkr/ fJzi i'dVh ehL

jwoh eo' jkE d? oZSk . g{oB j'fJ fuZs eh fJZSk .

nkgBk
..11..
st uoBB wB oj? jwkok . nkg
Bk ikB eo' fgqsgkok ..

jwo? d[N ;G? s[w xktj[ . nkg jkE d? w'fj puktj[ .

..22..
;[yh p;? w'o' gfotkok . ;/te f;Zy ;G? eoskok ..
w' oZSk fBi eo d/ eohn? . ;G p?oB e' ni ;zxohn? .
(fuqsq' gky:kB) feskp gBk 115
fJ;/ ;kyh ftu nZr/ fbfynk j? L
UXo fdZbh dopko ;/ uko n?jdhJ/ n"o nkr/ ghS/ nkBzdg[o
e/ gopsh oki:'A eh soc G/i/ rJ/. fJBQ/ th wdo d/ ikfJ fwok p/
e/ fby/ eh gq'VQsk eh, fi; s/ fdZbh dopko s/ pkdkj n"ozr/p
e' :ehB j'fJ frnk .
;fsr[oK fJ; MrV/ e/ yksw/ go ngBh eEk w/A fJzi fbyk j? L

pkp/ e/ pkpo e/ d'T{ . ehJ/ nkg gow/;[o ;'T{ .

dhB ;kj fJB e' gfjukB' . d[Bhgfs T[B e' nBwkB' .
i' pkp/ e/ dkw B d? j? . fsB s/ rfj pkpo e/ b? j?A .
(pfusq BkNe) gBk feskp 116
(4)

;kyh (56) ;kyh gKu f;y'A e/ whJ/A e/ w'V ikB/ eh ukbh .

;zws pshs j' ikB/ T[gozs uVQd/ ;kb 1754 eh t?;kyh e/ [G fdt;
s/ GkJh uT[gfs okfJ B/ p/Bsh ehsh ih ;Zu/ gkskj ! w?A o'kBk
nekb T[;sfs ek gkm ehnk eosk jK, nkg fJB s[eK ek Gkt
noE ;wMkJhJ/ L

J/e ;w/ ;qh nkswk T[ufo:' wfs f;T[ p? B .

;rb
..20
20..
;G gqskg irdh; e' ej' ;r
b fpX s? B ..
20
..
;fsr[oK B?B T[xko uT[gs okfJ eh soc d/yk, ejk fe gqB
s/ok mhe j?, n;K fJ; eh g{osh bJh pfusq BkNe rqzE fbyk j? fi;
dk gqkozG fJ; s[e ;/ j'sk j? L

Bw;eko ;qh yVr e' eo'A ;' fjs fus bkfJ .

..22.. (gBk 116116- 17)

17
g{oB eo' rqzE fJj s[w w[fj eo' ;jkfJ ..
(5)

;kyh BzL 63 d/ nkyho ftu fbfynk j? L

fJ;h toy ;kb ;skoK ;' T[Bskbh ek S'fjnk rqzE pfusq

BkNe ;zws ;skoK ;' guktB jkV pdh J/ew e/ fdj[z ;zg{oB
j{nk, ;wkgsh s/ ;fsr[oK T[ukoB ehnk L

;zws ;skoK ;j; guktB .

jkV pdh fgqE w? ;[y dktB .
gqq;kfd rqzE ;[Xkok .
st g
G{b goh eft b/j[ ;[Xkok . (pfusq BkNe)
fJ; soQK fJ; rqzE eh ;wkgsh s/ Xow i[ZX ehnK fsnkohnK
nkozG j'JhnK . (gzBk 129)
dw/ fgsk d/ nfBzB f;y, fi; B{z r[o{ ;kfjp B/ uwe"o dh
rVQh ftu nkgDh g"ke gfjBk e/ ihAd/ ih d[wB d/ jZE Bk nkT[D
dh sehd eo e/ nkg rVQh ftu'A fBZeb rJ/, T[j GkJh i?sk (ihtB
f;zx) nkgDh ouBk ftu fJzi fbydk j? .

e/s/ fdB dwdwfj p?fm e?, ;fsr[o fuzsB uhs brk:' .

fsj feS fxos eBks e[;k eT[, J/efm eo e/ nrB ibk:' .
bfjok:'
nrfB f;yk nfs T{u GJh, sT[ fwnkB fpBk r[o s/r bfjo
k:' .
ubs GJ/ dwdwfj s/, sp jh i? s/rz i? s/rz rk:' . (gzBk 54)
54)
(pfusq

BkNe

dk

gfjbk ;tZ:k ) (GkJh i?sk ih ihtB s/ ouBk feqs vka r[ow[y f;zx
gzBk 65)
65
yvk gkj[b t/b/ nzfwqsk dk pkNk fsnko eoB dh ftXh pko/
GkJh i?sk ih fJzi d;d/ jB L

eofj
212..
ig[ e' gkm eof
j ;zr fsj f;y gkso d{ ;o jkE Xohi? .. 212
..

gkuj[ wfj uko ;[ j'tfj nto i'fJ gkso T{go jkE oyhi? .
nkgB nkgB pko :/ gKuj[ gKu jh pkDh e' gkm gVQhi/ .
ig[ ikg ;t? :/ u"gJh nBzd e' gkm ;' gkj[b fsnko eohi? .
..223
223..
gKu'A u[b? w[y gktfj i[ :kue J/s jh B/so e/; gthi? ..
223
..
wZ;k ozxV B{z ;'XD tkb/ GkJh wfjskp f;zx ih d/ g's/ GkJh
osB f;zx ih Gzr{, eosk ;qh r[o gzE gqek (1841) gfjb/ f;Zy
fJfsjk;eko j'J/ jB . fJBQK dh fbys nB[;ko pkpk pzdk pjkdo s'A
fgS'A ;G s'A gfjbh jhdh GkJh skok f;zx dh j'Jh.
id s[oe c"i B/ GkJh ;kfjp s/ uVQkJh ehsh, T[; e'b f;Zy
E'V/ jh ;B . f;zxK B/ GkJh skok f;zx B{z ;bkj fdZsh j[D fJe gk;/ j'
ikJhJ/ c"i pj[sh nk ojh j? . GkJh ;kfjp B/ f;zxK B{z fejk fe nodk;
eoe/ g'Eh (i' T[BQK e'b ;h) ftu'A j[ew b? bt' . nodk; fgS'A i' pd
nkfJnk T[j fJj ;h L

i' ej{z ekb s/ Gki e/ pkuhns s' fej e[zN ej' Gfi iJhn? ..
nkr? j{z ekb Xo/ nf; rkis Skis j? fij s/ Bf; nkJhn?..
n?;/ B e? r:' e'Jh ;[ dkt o/ ifj T[gkt ;' xkt puhJn? ..
iK s/ B S{Nhn? w{VQ ej[,
j; j; sK eh feT[A Bk oDkrfs iJhn? .. 96 ..
(pfuZsq BkNe)
f;ZX eodk j? fe d;w fgsk dh pkDh dhnK g'EhnK T[; t/b/
f;ZyK e'b nkw j[zdhnK ;B . fJ;/ j[ew d/ nXko s/ GkJh ;kfjp ns/
Bkb d/ f;zxK B/ jhdh gqkgs ehsh .
fJ;/ soQK Gzr{ ih yvk gkj[b SekT[D t/b/ i' dw/ ih B/
nodk; ehsh T[; pko/ d;d/ jB L

fgqEw Gr"sh tko i[ gT[Vh .

80

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33 ;tZ:hJ/ ns/ pd jko/ nkfd .

(2)

fjzd{ Xow rqzEK dk d/tBkroh fbgh s'A r[ow[yh fbgh

ftu nB[tkd L- uzvh ufosq ns/ u'ph; ntsko nkfd .

(3)

fjzd{ Xkowe g[;seK dk gikph p'bh ftu nB[tkdL-

uzvh dh tko nkfd .

(4)

fJfsjk;e d;skt/ L- pfusq BkNe ns/ coBkwk.

(5)

;wkie pDso d/ frnkB bJh L- ufosq' gy:kB

ns/ jekfJsK .
fJj fJe fJfsjk;e sZE j? fe dw/ fgsk B/ gzi f;zx, okw
f;zx, eow f;zx, rzvk f;zx, tho f;zx ns/ ;'Gk f;zx, B{z ;z;feqs
gVQB bJh pBko; G/fink (wjkB e' gzBk 712) . fJj Gh ;G B{z gsk
j? fe id pqkjwDK B/ ykb;kJh G/; tkb/ f;ZyK B{z gVQkT[D s'A fJBeko
eo fdZsk sK T[BQK B{z t/; G{k Gh pqkjwDK nB[;ko jh pBkT[Dh gJh .
fJ; s'A fJbktk r[o{ ;kfjp B/ nkgD/ dopkoh ethnK B{z tZv/
tZv/ fJBkw d/ e/ t/d, kso, okwkfJD, wjKGkos nkfd d/ T[bZE/
d/tBkroh ns/ r[ow[yh fbgh ftu eotkJ/ . ebrhXo wjkoki B/
f;ZyK s/ pqkjwDh ozr uVQkT[D bJh fJj e[S BjhA ehsk pbfe f;ZyK
B{z ;op gZyh frnkB d/D d/ nk/ Bkb ehsk ;h.
fco r[opkDh ftu i' xNBktK ns/ fJBQK d/ BkfJe, fiBQK dk
N{e wkso toBD nkfd ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh pkDh ftu nkfJnk j?,
T[; B{z ;wMD bJh f;ZyK dh frnks tk;/ fJe pj[s tZvk T[gokbk
ehsk ;h.

T[dkjoD d/ s"o s/ L(T)

wB
;[fD ;kyh w
B ifg fgnko .. nikwb[ T[Xfonk efj J/e pko ..
pkbwhe? j'nk ;kX ;zr[ .. Xq{ e' fwfbnk jfo fB;zr .. ..
s/fonk ;zsK ikuT[ uoB o/B ..
d/B .. .. ojkT[ ..

b/ w;sfe bktT[ efo feqgk

rfBek T[Xoh jfo ej? s's .. rifJzdq fXnkU jfo ehU w'y ..
fpgq ;[dkw/ dkbd[ Gzi .... o/ wB s{ Gh Gi[ r'fpzd .. ..
pfXe T[XkfoU yfw gqjko .. e[fpik T[Xoh nzr[;N Xko ..
fpdo[ T[XkfoU dk;s GkfJ .. o/ wB s{} Gh jfo fXnkJ/ .. ..
gqjbkd oyh jfo g?i nkfg .. p;sq ShBs d'qgsh oyh bki ..
fiB fiB ;/ftnk nzspko .. o/ wB ;/ft s{ gofj gko .. ..
XzB? ;/
;/ftnk pkb p[fX .. fsqb'uB r[o fwfb GJh f;fX ..
p/Dh eT[ r[fo ehU gqrk;[ .. o/ wB s{ Gh j'fj dk;[ .. ..
i? d/t fsnkfrU nzjw/t .. BkJh T[XfoU ;?B[ ;/t ..
wB vhr B v'b? ej{ ikfJ .. wB s{ Gh so;fj ;ofD gkJ/ .. ..
fij nB[rqj[ mke[fo ehU nkfg .. ;/ s? bhB/ Grfs nkfg ..
fsB ek r[D[ nT[rD[ B phukfoU e'fJ .. J/j fpfX d/fy
wB[ brk ;/t .. ..
epho fXnkfJU J/e ozr[ .. Bkw d/t jfo ihU p;fj ;zr[ ..
oftdk; fXnkfJ gqG{ nB{g .. r[o BkBe d/t r'fpzd o{ g .. .. nze
..
(n)
iko/ .. nze

fiT[ iB uzdqjK;[ d[fynk fXq;N p[Xh ng[Bk xo[ b{eh

..

(J)
b[GkfJnk.. nze

r'sw sgk nfjfbnk fJ;sqh fs;[ d/fy fJzdq

..

ns/ fJ; soQK d/ nB/e j'o pd i' ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp wjkoki ftu
jB, i/ fe;/ B/ fJBQK dk ft;Eko g{ope jkb ;wMDk j't/ sK feE'A gsk
uZb/rk < iK sK fi; B{z ;z;feqs nkT[Adh j? T[j fJj g[;seK gVQ/ iK
fco gzfvs ih nZr/ r'v/ N/e e/ g[ZS/ fe gzfvs ih cbkDh xNBk fe;
soQK tkgoh ;h feqgk eoe/ dZ;' ns/ gzfvs ih woh nB[;ko M{m ;Zu
i' dZ;D T[; B{z wzB fbnk ikt/ .
dw/ fgsk ih B/ fJ; ;G e[M bJh nkgD/ f;y B{z gzfvs ih
dh r[bkwh s'A pukT[D bJh nkg jh ;G e[M d;w rqzE ftu fby
fdZsk . ;' i/ fJj efj fdZsk ikt/ fe ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp B{z ;w[Zu/ s"o
s/ ;wMD bJh d;w rqzE gVQBk o{oh j? e'Jh nfseEBh BjhA j't/rh .
ni s'A ;kY/ fszB ;' ;kb gfjbK id fe fJj ;ko/ Xkowe rqzE
nkw nkdwh dh gj[zu s'A d{o ;B ns/ pqkjwD iksh dh fBih
ikfJdkd ;B, d;w/ fgsk B/ ;G bJh dotk/ y'bQ e/ wBZ[ysk s/ fJe
tZvk goT[geko ehsk j? .
r[o{ ;kfjp t/b/, fiZE/ fJe gk;/ ykb;/ B{z kbw Bkb fi;
bJh sbtko o{oh ;h . T[E/ d{;o/ gk;/ pqkjwD Bkb f;XKse NZeo ;h .
fJ; bJh pqkjwD B{z fBoT[so eoB bJh fJBQK rqzEK dk frnkB j'Dk
bkwh ;h .

fi; soQK j[D f;y fJfsjk; ns/ r[opkDh gVQe/

nkoan?;an?;a ns/ T[; d/ yohd/ f;Zyh G/; tkb/ pzd/ f;yK B{z u[D"sh d/
oj/ jB. dwdwh Ne;kb d/ r[ow[yK, gzfvs skok f;zx Bo'sw,
fBowfbnK, frnkBh fdZs f;zx ns/ gzfvs eosko f;zx dkyk nkfd,
nkohnk ;wki, ;`kwh d:kBzd ns/ j'o gzE d'yh pqkjwDK B{z d;w rqzE
ns/ j'o pqkjwDh rqzE gVQ e/ jh gSkVB ftu ekw:kp j' ;e/ . i' fe

frnkBh fdZs f;zx ih dh fbyh g[;se w/ok ns/ ;`kwh d:kBzd

dk ;zpkd gVQB s'A gsk ub iKdk j? .
fjzd{ ;wki ftu'A pD/ f;yK ftu'A jhB GktBk eZYD bJh,
uzvh dh tko i?;hnK i'hbhnK tkoK (i' fjzd{ Xow Bkb ;pzXs ;B)
fJBQK ftu pho o;h fpqsh g?dk eoB bJh nfs o{oh ;B .
nkgD/ Xow dh tfvnkJh ns/ nkgD/ Xow d/ uzr/ r[DK dk
gqrNktk jo e'Jh eodk j? go fJ; gZy'A ew'ohnK e'Jh BjhA
d; ;edk . fJj e/tb T[BQK d/ rqzEK dk nfXn?B, eo e/ jh gsk ubdk
j? . fezBh j?okBh dh rZb j? fe yZsohnK dhnK e[bK Bk eoB tkbk
ns/ yZsohnK d/ y{B ftu fJBkB eoB tkbk Gh GrtkB eoe/
g{fink iKdk j? . nkgDh Xh s/ w[js j'D tkbk Gh GrtkB j? . fe;/
wjK foh dh fJ;sqh B{z egN Bkb SZbQ e/ pbkseko eoB tkbk Gh
GrtkB j? . fJBQK rZbK dk nkw b[ekJh B{z fet/A frnkB j'Dk ;h i/
dw/ fgsk nkg ns/ nkgD/ ethnK s'A fJBQK Xkowe rqzEK d/ T[bZE/
Bk eotkT[Ad/ .
fJBQK m'; ;ZfunkJhnK ns/ rfjokJhnK s'A nDfGi,
nfrnkBh ns/ j{V wfs tkb/ pzd/, ni i/ d;w rqzE B{z yzvD eod/ jB
sK ;jh fBoDk n;hA gkmeK s/ jh SZvd/ jK .
d;w rqzE dh fto'Xsk ;G s'A gfjbK pkp{ s/ik f;zx G;"V B/
[o{ ehsh, i' fe ekb/ ncrkBK dh wZs dk XkoBh ;h . T[j Grs pkDh
B{z Gh BjhA wzBdk ;h . fJ; bJh Grs pkDh s'A pr?o jh fJe phV pDk
fdZsh. nodk; Gh fgqEw ;fsBkw[ f;wo e? [o{ eo fdZsh . fJ; bJh
gzE ftu'A S/e fdZsk frnk . nZi frDsh d/ pzfdnK B{z fJBQK pko/ gsk
j? .

T[; fgS'A fwBoh ekbi d/ fgqz;hgb ;torh joGiB f;zx B/

ijkd yVQk ehsk ns/ fwBoh ekbi d/ ;zukbeK B/ fJ; B{z yzvD dk
phVk u[Ze fbnk . fJ; bJh fit/A fst/A fwBoh ekbi y[ZbQ oj/ jB
d;w rqzE fto'XhnK dh frDsh tX ojh j? . go pj[sk eoe/ fe nkg
fto'X B eoe/, ed/ fra Gkr f;zx dh fgZm m'ed/ oj/ ns/ j[D ekbk
ncrkBk dh g[s gBkjh eo oj/ jB .
uVQ ik pZuk ;{bh okw Gbh eo/Ar/ .

fuqsq' gky:kB ftb/B

;kv/ wB d/ gi r[D jB, ekw, eq'X, b'G, w'j ns/ jzeko .
fJj ;ko/ r[D gqw/o B/ yk; i[rsh Bkb, ;kv/ wB ftu nkg gkJ/ jB
sK i' ;z;ko dh y/v ubdh oj/ . i/ b'G B j't/ sK b'VK dh g{osh bJh
e'Jh T[dw jh BjhA eo/rk . w'j s'A p?o fejVh wK nkgD/ pZu/ bJh
nkg G[Zyh oj/rh ns/ j'o d[y MZb/rh < fJ;/ soQK ;kvh ;z;koh j'Ad jh
jT[A d/ nk;o/ yVQh j? . ;kvk ;z;ko s/ nkDk ikDk, d/D-b?Dk ns/ j'o
pj[s e[M fJ;/ d/ ;jko/ yVQk j? . tko nk;k dk jT[ ftfu nkfJnk

jT[ ftfu frnk tkbk ;b'e fJ; dk ft;Eko eodk j? .

fJBQK giK r[DK ftu ;G s'A gqXkB ekw j? . fJ; bJh fJ;
dk BkT[A ;G s'A gfjbK nkT[Adk j?, i/ fJj ;kv/ ndo Bk j't/ ;z;ko dh
T[sgsh jh o[e ikt/rh . fJ; dh gqpb skes B{z d/y e/ i'rh vo e/
GZi fBeb/ ns/ izrbK iK gjkVK dhnK r[cktK ftu ik nk;D bkJ/
ns/ rqj;Eh ;z;ko B{z GzvD bZr rJ/ . i/ fes/ ;kvk d/ ;kok jh r'oy
BkE dk u/bk pD iKdk, ok ;'u' eh j[zdk < ;ko/ d/ ftu'A wB[y iksh
ysw j' iKdh . feT[Afe B fe;/ B/ ftnkj eotkT[Dk ;h B T[sgsh
j'Dh ;h .
r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki dh feqgk j'Jh ;kv/ d/ tk;hnK bJh
n?;k Xow fdZsk fe ;z;koh ;[y G'rd/ j'J/ gowrfs gk ;ehJ/.

;fsr[o eh n? ;h tfvnkJh .
g[so ebso ftu/ rfs gkJh .. (ne
)
BkBe ;fsr[fo G/fNn? g{oh j't? i[rfs ..
j;zfdnK y/ bzfdnK g?BzfdnK yktzfdnK ftu/ j't? w[effs..
s..
(ne

;', nZi ;kv/ d/ ftu i' bfjoK pfjoK, ;[zdo pkr prhu/,
wfjb wkVhnK ns/ j;{z j;{z eod/ pkb Bo nk oj/ jB, fJj ;G
r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki dh feqgk dk ;edk j? .
go jo uh fe;/ yk; ;hwK ndo jh mhe j? . ;kv/ ;oho dk
skgwkB fro ikt/ sK phwko, i/ tX ikt/ sK p[yko, G[Zy B bZr/ ns/
pj[s finkdk bZr/ sK phwkoh d/ bZSD jB . fJ;/ soQK id ekw dh
u/Nk Bk j't/ pzd/ B{z Bkwod nkyd/ jB ns/ i/ pj[s tZX ikt/ sK
pbksekoh pD iKdk j? . fJ; bJh ;fsr[oK B/ tko tko fusktBh
fdZsh j? sK i' fJj ;kv/ wB s/ Gko{ Bk j't/ .

j/ ekwz Boe fp;qkw pj[ i'Bh GqwktDj ..

fus joDz sq? b'e rzw ig sg ;hb fpdkoDj ..
nbg ;[y nfts uzub T{ u Bhu ;wktDj ..
st G? fpw[fus ;kX ;zrw UN BkBe BkokfJDj ..
(ne

id pzdk ftjbk j't/ ns/ n?' fJos d/ ;kXB j'D sK pzd/ ftu ekw
Gkt gqpb j[zdk j? .
dw/ fgsk nzsoikwh B{z gsk ;h fe nZr/ ykb;/ B{z oki gkN
gqkgs j't/rk . fJj Gh ;G B{z gsk j? fe wod dh ;G s'A tZvh ew'oh
n"os j? . nkfd ekb s'A wod dh fJ; ew'oh dk ckfJdk T[mk e/ oki/
wjkoki/, iK ft ezfBnk d/ o{g ftu iK t/;tktK d/ o{g ftu fJ; B{z
tosd/ oj/ jB . d{;o/ ;z;ko :[ZX ftu fJ;sqhnK B/ e[dos tb'A fwbh
fJ;

skes

B{z

tos

e/

d[wB

pV/

pV/

r[ZM/

G/d sA' b? e/ izrK d/ o[y pdb fdZs/ . fJ; bJh r[o{ ;kfjp B/ f;Zy B{z
jo gZy'A ;[u/s eoB bJh ufosq' gky:kB dk Gkr fbfyfnk j? .

fJj Gh fJe ftfrnkBe ;ZukJh j? fe ;ohoe gZy'A ew'o

wB[y nkgD/ s'A seV/ T[go ;cbsk gkT[D bJh fdwkr s'A fnkdk
ezw b?Adk j? ns/ j'o o;sk Bk fwbD s/ Sb egN eoB s'A Gh r[o/
BjhA eodk ns/ fJj' fposh fJ;sqh ftu gqXkB j? . fi; B{z d{;o/ pdK
ftu ufosq fejk iKdk j? . ;qh d;w rqzE dk fJj Gkr e/tb fJj
do;kD bJh jh fbfynk j? sK i' T[dkjoDK okjhA dZf;nk ik ;e/ fe
ekw tkBk d/ ;hwK s'A tZX ikD s/ pzdk wkBf;e s"o s/ feZE/ sZe
fro ;edk j? ns/ ;hwK ftu ofjD tkbk ihtB ftu fe;
soQK ;cbsk gkT[Adk j? .
gfjbK sK fJ; d/ fto'XhnK B{z gky:kD d/ noEK dk jh gsk
BjhA j? . gky:kD dk noE j? ;[Dh j'Jh b'e rkEk Bk fe jehes
(n;b tosh) fi; soQK gzu szso Bkwh rqzE ftu /o ns/ b{zpV,
eS{ ns/ ;j/ dhnK ejkDhnK nkg gkso f;oi e/ e/tb T[gd/ d/D
bJh pDkJhnK rJhnK jB . fJ;/ soQK fJBQK ufosqK d/ gkso f;oi
e/ ;wki dhnK ew'ohnK T[xkV e/ oZyhnK jB . fJ; ftu b?bk wiB{z,
ns/ ;w/A dhnK j'o gqubs ejkDhnK Gh jB, feqB bhbk dhnK
ejkDhnK Gh jB . wodK d/ ufosq Gh jB ns/ fJ;sqhnK d/ Gh jB .
T[BQK fJ;sqhnK dhnK ejkDhnK Gh doi jB fiBQK B/ nkgDh
f;nkDg ns/ us[okJh Bkb nkgD/ oki/ B{z BoeK ftu iKd/ B{z puk
fbnk ns/ fonk;s puk bJh . T[BQK wod okfinK dhnK ejkDhnK Gh
jB fiBQK B/ nkgD/ s/ g{ok ezNo'b oZy e/ f;nkDg Bkb v'o/ gkT[D
tkbh fJ;sqh Bz{ d[oeko fdZsk ns/ T[BQK dk jkb Gh doi i' fJ; t/r
ftu o[VQ e/ nkgDh ikB r[nk rJ/ .
T[Ai i/ d/fynk ikt/, sK ufosqK ftu doi ;kohnK xNBktK
nZi Gh T[;/ soQK tkgo ojhnK jB fiBQK Bkb nypko Go/ j[zd/ jB.

r[o{ ;kfjp B/ i/ nZi fJj ufosq fby/ j[zd/ sK fBu/ jh Xfozdo

pqjwukoh i' nk;D ;qhwsh fJzdok rKXh B{z f;ykT[Adk fojk o{o doi
eod/ ns/ nwohek d/ okNogsh fwL efbzNB ns/ bftz;eh dk feZ;k
Gh fbyd/ fi; ekoB fwL efbzNB B{z ;ko/ d/ tk;hnK s'A Nhatha T[go
w[nkch wr e/ ow;ko j'Dk fgnk .
ufosqK dh ejkDh [o{ jh fJzi j[zdh j? fJe usq

f;zx

Bkwh okik fusqtsh Broh fty/ ofjzdk ;h . fJzdo d/ dopko dh fJe

ng;ok s/ okik w'fjs j'fJnk . T[; Bkb kdh eo e/ eJh ;kb fJeZm/
oj/ ns/ fJe jBtzs f;zx Bkw tkb/ bVek T[BQK d/ g?dk j'fJnk .
nukBe ng;ok fJe fdB r[zw j' rJh ns/ w[V e/ Bk nkJh.
T[; d/ ft:'r ftu oki/ B/ ng;ok dh c'N' pDk e/ nkgD/ ik;{;
nZv nZv fdk ftu G/i/ fe fiE/ Gh nfijh fJ;sqh fwbdh j? T[; B{z b?
e/ nkt' . ik;{;K d/ d;D s/ oki/ B/ nkgD/ bVe/ B{z c"i d/ e/ G/fink
ns/ T[; B/ T[Vh;k d/ oki/ B{z bVkJh ftu jok e/ T[; dh bVeh oki/ B{z
fbnk fdZsh .
oki/ B/ T[; Bkb ftnkj eotk fbnk . go BthA okDh d/ wB
ftu oki/ dh pikJ/ okie[wko (i' T[; B{z bVkJh ftu fis e/
fbnkfJnk ;h) tZ; frnk ns/ T[; B/ wB dh fpoEk oki e[wko B{z dZ;
fdZsh . okie[wko d/ wBQK eoB s/ okDh B/ oki/ B{z tXk uVQk e/ df;nk
fe okie[wko B/ w/o/ Bkb r[;skyh ehsh j? .
oki/ B/ eq'fXs j' e/ g[Zso B{z esb eoB dk j[ew d/ fdZsk go
wzsohnK B/ ;wMkfJnk fe fJ; ftu e'Jh G/d j? . fJ;sqh dk G/d
gkT[Dk w[eb j? n;hA s?B{z tkosk ;[DkT[Ad/ jK fco s{z nkgDk fBoDk
bJhA . oki/ B/ g[Zso B{z e?d eo fdZsk ns/ wzsoh oki/ B{z jo o' BthA
tkosk ;[DkT[Ad/ jB . fJ; bJh jo ufosq dh ;wkgsh s/ fbfynk j?

fJs ;qh ufosq gy:kBz fsq:k ufosq wzsqh G{ g ;zp kd/

(ufosq Bz) ;wkgsw (;s[ ;[Gw ;s[)
gkme nkg jh nzdkk bk b?D fe fJj wB' ebgs gkso ou
e/ tkosktK fbyhnK jB iK r[o{ ;kfjp tb'A ufosqK nzdo d;hnK
rZbK B{z ngBkT[D dk T[gd/ fdZsk j? .
fi; soQK e'Jh ;wkie f;Zfynk bJh, ;wki dhnK p[okJhnK
T[xkVB bJh e'Jh fcbw pDdh j? T[; ftu fcbw dk vkfJo?eNo i/
pbkseko dk ;hB fdykT[Adk j? fJ; dk fJj wsbp eZY b?Dk fe
fcbw fJj ;G e[S eoB bJh gq/fos eo ojh j? w{oysk BjhA sK j'o eh
j? < fcbw d/ fgS/ eh Theme j? f;nkDk pzdk T[j geV/rk ns/
fcbw B{z d/yD tkbk w{oy d{;ok gZy bt/rk . d;w rqzE d/ fto'Xh
nfrnkBsk tZ; iK okosB, g{o/ ufosq d/ Gkt B{z ;wM/ pr?o, ftu'A
ftu'A s[eK b? e/ fJ; ft/ s/ fuZeV T[Skb oj/ jB. j[D n;hA e[S
e[ T[NzeDk d/ T[Zso d/D dh e'f eoKr/.
n?;h cps d[j B eh i'oh .. iBe feqB fGqyGkB fe;'oh ..
ufosq 111 da rqza gzBk 967
d[j{z jkE fsj e[uB wo'o? .. iB y':? fBXBh XB[ N'o? ..
pko pko fsj ro? brkt? .. iB[ ezdQg e' d[Zy fwNkt? ..
G'rs skfj iz x b? eKX/ .. iB[ dt? w?B soeB
soeB pKX/ ..
(ufosq 111 darqa gzBk 967)
T[; t/b/ d/ ;wki ftu ns/ ni th eJh wK pkg bkbu ftu
nk e/ iK fe;/ j'o ekoB, bVeh B{z p[ZY/ Bkb i'V fdzd/ ;B iK ;ohoe
gZy'A ewi'o fJe d{;o/ dh i'Vh pD iKdh ;h ns/ fzdrh fJ;sqh g[o
dh Boe pD iKdh ;h . fJ;/ ufosq d/ pzd 23 s'A 27 sZe fJ; soQK
doi j? .

itkB fJ;sqh itkB wod u"dthA d/ uzd tKr fit/A ukBDh

oks j[zdh j? fJe d{i/ Bkb pokpoh eod/ jB jko e/ fgZS/ jN/ sK e"D jN/ .
gfVQnk fbfynk g[o ns/ gVQh fbyh itkB fJ;sqh fJe d{i/ B{z gqkgs
eoe/ tZX uVQ e/ fJe d{i/ B{z rbQ brkT[Ad/ jB fJe gb Gh d{o BjhA
j'fJnk iKdk . i/ e'Jh nebwzd g[o nebwzd fJ;sqh B{z gk bt/ T[j fco
T[; B{z nkgD/ fdb s'A BjhA G[bkT[Adk, fe;/ p/ neb w{oy B{z fdb s/ ed/
th BjhA fbnkT[Adk. wB puB eo e/ ;[zdosk ns/ ;[xVsk Bkb jh ftnkj
eod/ jB . uzdB dh sK fJe u"eh jh uzrh j? beVh dk fpqS fe; ezw j?
uzdB dh u"eh ;kjwD/ . f;nkD/ g[o Bkb rohph th uzrh j? . w{oy d/
oki Bkb'A .
fJj j? sZs;ko f;fynk i' fJ; ufosq ftu'A fBebdh j? pkeh ;G
fJ; rZb B{z f;ZX eoB bJh gkso f;oi e/ ;G e[M ;jh o{g ftu i' fJe
itkB wod ns/ fJ;sqh eod/ jB do;kfJnk frnk j? . fgSb/ ;w/A ftu
nchw

Gzr

dk

;jkok

fbnk

iKdk

;h

u/Nk tXkD bJh, nZi eZb fJe fdB ftu fezBhnK r'bhnK ftnkrkok
dhnK toshnK iKdhnK jB e'Jh frDsh BjhA, B jh ed/ fe;/ B/ fJ; pko/
fJsok ehsk j? . we;d d'BK dk fJe' jh j? . d;w rqzE d/ fto'Xh
ss ;ko B{z SZv e/ fSbV uZp e/ efjzd/ jB fJj c'ek j? .
(2)

fJj gquko ehsk ik fojk j? fe d;w rqzE ftu fJ;sqh iksh dk

fBokdo ehsk frnk j? . r[opkDh efj ojh j? L;' feT[ wzdk nkyhn? fis[ izwfj okikB ..
T[Zso LL- r[opkDh nB[;ko fJ;sqh d/ fGzB-fGzB o{g jB . e[uZih, ;[uZih
ns/ r[Dtzsh . nZi dh feoB p/dh torh fJ;sqh d/ r[DK B{z Bo nzdk
eo e/ id ;wki ftu e/tb fJ;soh j'D eoe/ d[oekfonk iKdk ;h w{oy,
g{ ns/ Y'o nky e/ nfsnkuko j' oj/ ;B sK wjkoki B/ T[gd/ fdZsk L

;' feT[ wzdk nkyhn? fis[ izwfj okikB ..

eh fJ; gzrsh dk ;jkok b? e/ fJe d[okukoh n"os B{z wZEk N/eDk
ukjhdk j? < :k eh fJj s[e T[BQK fJ;sohnK bJh j? i' nwohek dh
nbpkjwk ;N/N ftu ;bkBk iB wBkT[D t/b/ nbc BzrhnK j' e/ ;oho
s/ g/AN wbQ e/ BZudhnK jB iK eh T[; fJ;sqh bJh jB i' wkvb rob
pD e/ phu s/ ik e/ e/tb uko fJzu dh fpeBh gk e/ fJfsjko bJh
c'N'nK fyutKdh j? . ;G B{z gsk j? fe ohnk ;[bskBk B/ kjh ykBdkB
d/ pzfdnK B{z Bo nzdk eo e/ nkgD/ jph Bco s/ w'fjs j' e/ fBekj
eo fbnk. dopko ftu pkts j' rJh ns/ oihnk p/w B{z nksw
jZfsnk eoBh gJh .
1998 ftu fBT{:koe dh 37 ;kbk Nhuo, fszB pZfunK dh wK
nkgD/ 15 ;kbk ftfdnkoEh Bkb fgnko dh ghAx d/ j[bko/ b?Adh fJe pZu/
dh wK pD rJh . G/d y[ZbQD s/ B"eoh s'A eZY fdZsk frnk ns/ w[edwk
ufbnk ns/ 7 ;kb dh e?d dh ;k ;[DkJh rJh . e?d eZN e/ fco T[;/
bVe/ Bkb kdh eo bJh .
Nhatha u?Bb nki sZe dh ypo ;h, rkhnkpkd dh fJe
fJ;soh Nhuo jo o' foe/ s/ p?m e/ ;e{b iKdh ;h . fgnko ftu c;
e/ foek ukbe Bkb xo'A GZi rJh ns/ nrtk eoB dk vokwk ou e/
nkgD/ gq/wh s'A d; bZy dh fco"sh d/ g?;/ bJh xo N?bhc{B eotk fdZsk .
nyho cVh rJh ns/ ;G e[M kjo j' frnk. eh ni/jhnK n"osK bJh
r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fejk ;h ;' feT[ wzdk nkyhn? i' izwfj okikB < nZi eZbQ
g?;k ewkT[D d/ bkbu ftu, N?bhthB s/ fJ;sohnK, i' BrBsk dk
gqdoB eo ojhnK jB T[; B{z ;wki dk jo ;{MtkB ftnesh d[oeko
fojk j? .
r[opkDh dhnK fJBQK s[eK tZb fXnkB d/Dk ukjhdk j? L

epho jfo ek f;woB[ Skfv e? nj'Jh oky? Bkfo .. rdjh j'fJ e?

nT[so? Gko[ ;j? wB ukfo ..
epho fBqg[ Bkoh feT[ fBzdhn? feT[ jfo u/ oh eT[ wkB[ ..
Uj[ wKr ;tko? fpy? eT[ Uj[ f;wo?
f;wo? jfo Bkw[ .. nze 1313
fiB jfo fjod/ Bkw[ B pf;U fsB wks ehi? jfo pKMk.. nze 679
epho p?;B' eh e{efo Gbh ;kes eh p[oh wkfJ ..
Uj[ fBs ;[B? jfo Bkw i;[ T[j gkg p;kfjB ikfJ .. nz e 1367
d;w fgsk B/ d[okukoh n"osK d/ ns/ r[DtzshnK d/ d'B'A gZy
T[xkV e/ do;kJ/ jB . nkgD/ tZb'A f;ZyK B{z fJj ;G e[S ngBkT[D bJh
fJe bkJhB Gh BjhA fbyh d'B'A gZy gqrN eo e/ fBoDk gkmeK s/ SZv
fdZsk j? . d;w rqzE d/ fJ; Gkr B{z nbhb pkDh efjD tkfbnK B{z n;hA
u?bzi eod/ jK fe e'Jh fJe Szd Gh ufosqK ftu'A dZ;D fiE/ wjkoki B/
B/ eoB, e/; w[zBkT[D iK j'o nB?fsesk eoB bJh T[gd/ fdZsk j't/ .
pbfe nB/eK EKJh fbfynk j? w{oy okik Sfbnk frnk, G/d BjhA
gk ;fenk, ;wM BjhA ;fenk fJfsnkfd .
(3)

fsq: MKN B w{z vh ikfJ .. p/ d g[okBB w? ;[fB gkJh ..

jf; efo puB ;' SkfBU.. w? nkg[B/ ih: ;ku B ikB:'
ikB:'..
s?A fsq:k jw ;' M{fm T[ukoh .. jw w{v/ r/ MKN fsjkoh ..
s/i n;s[ok J/e wzrk:' .. fBi eo rfje? okt ubk:'..
sK eh w{zfv MkfN ;G vkoh .. d? e/ j;h uzu bk skoh..
(ufosq 190)
ufosq dk fgS'eV fJj j? fe fJe okik ekw t; j' e/ fJe

fJ;soh d/ tZ; j' iKdk j? fi; B/ gfjbK jh ;j/bhnK Bkb os brkJh

j[zdh j? fe w?A ni oki/ e'b'A gkDh wzrtktKrh ns/ MKNK w[zBtKtKrh .
fgnko dh y/v y/vdh gfjbK fJ;sqh p/j' j'D dk vokwk ou e/ gkDh gkDh

efjzdh j? ns/ okik nkg gkDh b? e/ nkT[Adk j? ns/ fco fJ;/ soQK t/d
ksoK dk M{mk jtkbk d/ e/ oki/ e'b'A MKNK w[zBtkT[Adh j? .
;gNheoB L fJj e'Jh nb'eko dh rZb BjhA . ;G B{z gsk j? fe
gfNnkb/ dk fJe okik pj[shnK okDhnK eoe/ wj{o ;h fJe fdB fJe
BthA okDh wfjbK ftu nkJh, wjkoki/ Bkb jwfp;so j'D t/b/ T[; B/
nkgD/ r[gs nzr s/ jZE oZy e/ wjkokik ;kfjp B{z fejk fe gfjbK w/o/
Gok B{z c"i ftu bcN?D Gosh eo' fco w/o/ Bkb ;zr eoBk . ekw t/r
ftu nzBQ/ j'J/ wjkoki/ B/ T[;/ t/b/ ;pzXs nc;o B{z c'B eo fdZsk fe
cbkD/ pzd/ B{z bcN?B pDk fdT[ Bkb jh fejk j[D sK jZE uZe j[ew
d/ Bkb jh fJj rZb Gh N?bhc{B s/ gj[zu rJh ns/ gfNnkb/ d/ jZE uZe
bcN?B wj{o j' rJ/. nkw jkbsK ftu Gh fJ;soh nkgD/ fgnko ftu
ozr e/ ;/i G'rD

t/b/

fezB/

fpb gk; eoKdh j? ns/ fezB/ tknd/

eokT[Adh j? fJj fe;/ s'A b[eh fSZgh rZb BjhA .

fJ; tkosk dk ;koz do;Kdk j? fe ekw tZ; gqkDh dh neb dk
G'r fe; soQK g? iKdk j? ns/ nkgD/ wkD ;fseko B{z Gh G[Zb iKdk j? . fJ;
pko/ r[opkDh dk c[owkB fJ; soQK j? .
;kok fdB[ bkbfu nfNnk wBw[y j'o/ rZbk ..
oksh T[x? dfpnk Bt/ ;'s ;fG fYbk ..
wBw[yK d/ f;fo i'ok nwo[ j? fBs d/tfj Gbk
Gbk ..
i'ok dk nkfynk g[oy ewktd/ ;/ ngfts nw/X ybk ..
ekfw ftnkg/ e[;[X Bo ;/ i' ok g[fS ubk .. nze 304
noE L wBw[y ;kok fdB bkbu ftu cf;nk j'fJnk j'o j'o
rZbK eodk j? . oks B{z BhAd d/ dZpD ekoB ;oho d/ B"A dotki/ fYZb/ g?
iKd/ jB . wBw[yK d/ f;o T[s/ ozBK dk j[ew ubdk j? . T[j (fBs) j[ew
fdzdhnK jB ns/ wBw[y T[; B{z uzrk eo e/ ewKd/ jB . (i') g[o ozBk dk

nkfynk wzBd/ jB T[j ngftsq rzd/ ns/ w{oy j[zd/ jB . ngftsq wB[ZyK
B{z ekw u/Nk ftnkgdh j? (fi; ekoB) ozBk gk;'A g[S e/ T[BQK d/ dZ;/ j'J/
o;s/ s/ ubd/ jB . eh fJj r[o c[owkD ufosq d/ ss;ko s'A tZyok j? <
dhtkB iowBh dk; B/ nkgDh feskp wjkokik ftu
eJh ;ZuhnK ejkDhnK fbyhnK jB . eh iowBh dk; B/ b'eK B{z
fJj ;G e[S eoB d/ T[gd/ bJh fbyhnK jB <

BjhA, e/tb

okfinK d/ ufosq dh c'N' g/ eoB bJh fbyhnK jB . ek fe f;Zy

okfinK ns/ ;odkoK B{z ;jh Yzr Bkb fJBQK ufosoK okjhA ;[u/s
ehsk j[zdk sK nB/eK r[DK d/ Gzvko ;kpek wjkokik gfNnkbk dh
nZi fJj fdy B j[zdh ns/ ;odkoK ftu f;yh dk gsB Bk j[zdk .
(4)

i/ nwbB ej/ ykfJ ysk epj{ B ykt? ..

w{zfv nto B ikfj nkg[ epj{z B w[zvkt? ..
aaa

aaa

aaa

aaa

epjz{ B ykfJ gkB, nwb epj{z Bfj gh:' ..

epj{ B y/b ny/N B ;[ y fBoXB efj eh:' ..
j' eo:' B GkfwB G'r, irs e:'A nkfJ:' ..
ufosq 245)
fJ; ufosq dh g[N G{wh fJ; soQK j? fe fJe pVk XBtkB
kj{eko j[zdk j? i' pj[s ezi{; Gh j[zdk j? ns/ ;kok fdB g?;k ewkT[D ftu
bZrk ofjzdk j? ns/ nkgDh fJ;soh tZb fXnkB Gh BjhA fdzdk B jh e'Jh
dkB g[zB eodk j? .
;' fJ; ufosq ftu kj dh ns/ fJ;soh dh tkoskbkg j? .
fJ;soh efjzdh j? yk, gh w"i w;sh eo ns/ g?;k you eo dkB g[zB Gh
eo

w/oh s;Zbh Gh eo . Bkb jh efjzdh j? fe i' nwb eod/ jB

T[j ;{ow/ j[zd/ jB w[ZS yVh oyd/ jB . w?dkB ftu d[wD s/ pki tKr

g?Ad/ jB ns/ fJ;sohnK G'rd/ jB .

nwb oki/ wjkoki/ eod/ jB,

pj[shnK fJ;sohnK Bkb ftjko eod/ jB . nwb ;{ow/ ghAd/ jB, w{oyK
d/ f;o sbtko tkj[zd/ jB. nwb i'rh ghAd/ jB feqB dk fXnkB eod/ B/
nwb dk ;[nkd b? e/ ;{w s/ ;'chnK B/ eh eoBk j? <
kj efjzdk j?l - fijV/ g[o nwb ghAd/ jB oks fdB T{Axd/
jB . i/ fes/ fJe xVh nwb B fwb/ sK skg uVQ iKdk j? nwbhnK B{z .
fJ; bJh fijVk g[o nwb ghAdk j?, T[j fe;/ ezw i'rk BjhA . T[j
sK w{oy j' e/ w[odk j' e/ xo fgnk ofjzdk j? .
fJ;/ soQK kj dh ns/ fJ;soh dh bzph tkoskbkg j? . ekbk
ncrkBk ns/ T[BQK d/ ;woEe ubkeh Bkb fJ;soh tZb'A nwb ykB pko/
rZbK sK d;d/ jB go kj tb'A nwb d/ B[e;kB pko/ u[g tZN b?Ad/ jB .
ni/j/ p/JhwkBK ns/ b'eK B{z r[wokj eoB tkfbnK bJh sK 420 dk
w[eZdwk ubkT[Dk ukjhdk j? .
fg:s GKr ekj{ i' j/o? .. (i/ T[j fe;/ B{z Gzr ghAdk d/y/)
mkY' j's B sk e/ B/o' .. (T[; e'b yVk th BjhA ;h j[zdk)
G:' ;dB fsZj ej' T[ikok.. (efjzdk ;h T[j xo T[iV iKd/ jB)
iK e? e{zvk pi? d[nkok .. (fi; d/ xo Gzr tkbk e{zvk x'NDk yVedk j?)
;'ch sk e' j's T[ikfo ej? xo .. (T[j xo jh T[ikV j' iKdk j?)
GKr nchw Gys j? i' Bo .. (fijVk g[o Gzr nchw yKdk j?)
;'ch ;eb p[fX pb oj? .. (;'ch jo t/b/ mhe p[ZX ns/ nkgD/
pb ftu ofjzdk j?)
nwbfB e' eS[ e? Bfj oj? ..
(nwbh B{z GKt/A e[S ej' T[j e[S efjD i'rk BjhA j[zdk, 245 ufosq (8
8)
nwbh e'b neb j[zdh jh BjhA)

(5) d;w rqzE d/ yzvD tkfbnK dk efjDk j? fe fes/ fby fdZsk yzvk
gqEw/ ;ki e? ;G ;z;ko T[gkfJnk.. (uzvh dh tko) ns/ feE/ fby fdZsk
L- J/e ;qtD s/ w?b fBekok ..

sK s/ wX[ ehNG sB Xkok ..

d[shnk ekB s/ w?b fBekoh ..
sK s/ GJh f;qfN fJj ;koh .. (pfusq BkNe)
r[opkDh d; ojh j? fe nfBe pko g;foU gk;kok s[jkv/ e'b
eh ;p{s j? fe jo tkoh gk;ko/ dk fJe' sohek jh j? . d{;o/ r[opkDh d;
ojh j?,
BkfG ewb s/ pqjwk T[gi/ p/ d gVfj w[fy ezfm ;tkfo ..
(nze 489)
j[D s[;hA d;' fe ewb c[Zb dh BkbhA ftu'A pqjwk fet/A g?dk j'
frnk < ;kB{z gsk j? s[;hA g'b/ fij/ w{zj Bkb efj d/t'r/ fe fJj sK
fjzd{ fwfEjk;e g[okDK dk jtkbk j? . go n;hA g[Sd/ jK r[opkDh okjhA
f;ZX eo' fe M{m j? . ig[ih ;kfjp ftu fbfynk j?
1a

ehsk g;kT[ J/e' etkT[ fJe pd s'A ;kok g;kok j'fJnk j?.

fJ; s'A nZr/ doi j?

2a

J/ek wkJh i[rfs ftnkJh fszB u/b/ gotkB fJe

;z;koh fJe Gzvkoh fJe bkJ/ dhpkD[ ..

3a

ntfb nbj B{o T[gkfJnk e[dofs e/ ;G pzd/ ..

J/e B{o s/ ;G[ ir[ T[gfink eT[D Gb/ eT[D wd/ ..
nze 1349 ..

4a

wkJh wkfJnk gq;{s iwkfJnk ..

5a

;ku/ s gtDk GfJnk gtB/ s/ ib[ j'fJ ..

ib s/ fsqGtD[ ;kfink xfN xfN i'fs ;w'fJ .. nze 19 ..

6a

ekfJnk nzdfo gkg[ g[zB[ d'fJ GkJh ..

d[jh fwb e/ ;qfN T[gkJh .. nze 126 ..

7a

gfjb g[ohJ/ g[zvoe tBk ..

sku/ jz;k ;rb/ iBk .. nze 693 ..
fJBQK ;Zs gqwkDK ftu'A T[sgsh dk fejVk sohek s[jkvh p[ZXh

mhe wzBdh j? . iK fJj ;kohnK ftXhnK mhe jB <

i/ gfjb g[ohJ/ g[zvoe tBk ns/ BkfG ewb s/ pqjwk T[gfink
mhe j' ;edk j? sK fco pfusq BkNe tkbh ezB dh w?b s'A T[sgsh fe;
soQK rbs j' ;edh j? <
pfuZsq BkNe, d{i/ nfXnkJ/ ftu irs T[sgsh pko/ dw/ ih
fbyd/ jB L
fgqEw ekb ip eok g;kok .. Unzeko s/ fqN T[gkok ..
..10..
10..
pfuZsq BkNe B{z yvD tkb/ ubkeh Bkb fJ; d;t/A Szd B{z SZv
e/ s/Qot/A ns/ u"Xt/A Szd B{z geV b?Ad/ jB .
d;t/A Szd ftu dZ;h irs T[sgsh r[ows nB[e{b j? id fe
s/ot/A ns/ u"Xt/A Szd ftu dZ;h rZb ;'Y pz; ns/ p/dh pz; d/ gqkgs ;q's
nB[;ko j? .
fsB e' ekb pj[o pX eok ..
fsB e' wX ;w[zd w/ gok ..
noE L fco ekb B/ T[; ekbX[i dk pX eo fdZsk ns/ T[; dh
fwM (uoph) ;w[zdo ftu froh
fueB sk; ib go fso ojh ..
w/Xk Bkw spfj s/ ojh ..

noE L T[; dh uoph gkDh ftu gJh ojh fi; s'A Xosh pDh fJ;
bJh Xosh dk Bkw w/Xk iK w/XBh g? frnk . wjkB e' ftu w/dBh d/
noE Gh GkJh ekBQ f;zx ih B/ fJjh ehs/ jB .
w/dBh pd r[opkDh ftu nze BzL 542, 1407, 472, 580, 712,
724, 936, 1092, 1096, 110, 1281, 1283, 1288 ns/ 1416 ftu
nkfJnk j? ns/ jo tkoh Xosh d/ noE ftu tofsnk frnk j? . fJ; bJh
i/ r[opkDh pfusq BkNe d/ pzd 14 B{z gqtkB eodh j? sK pzd BzL 13 fet/A
rbs j' ;edk j? <

ekbk ncrkBk ns/ T[BQK

d/ ;woEe g{o/ skD Bkb efj oj/ jB fe n;hA e/tb gq'a ;kfjp f;zx ih
dhnK fbysK B{z wkBsk fdzd/ jK j'o fe;/ B{z BjhA wzBd/ . go f;zx pqdo
nzfwqs;o s'A gqeks ikg[ ;kfjp, ;tZJhJ/ ns/ u"gJh d/ Nhe/ ftu
gq'a ;kfjp ih pfusq BkNe ns/ uzvh dh tko B{z r[o{ feqs ;thekod/ jB .
6a

yzvk fgqEw? ;ki e? fiB ;G ;z;ko T[gkfJnk Gkt b'j/ d/

yv/ s'A Xosh pDh M{m j? .

;G B{z gsk j?, fJe pd dk fJe' noE BjhA pbfe eJh, noE
j[zd/ jB ns/ gqeoD nB[;ko T[; d/ noE ehs/ iKd/ jB . T[dkjoD d/ s"o
s/ wjkB e' ftu ;kozr gd d/ pkoK noE fby/ jB . Bkb jh GkJh ;kfjp
B/ wjK eth ;zs'y f;zx ih dk fJe ;tZ:k fdZsk j? fi; ftu T[BQK B/ ;qh
r[o{ jfo r'fpzd f;zx ih

dh T[;sfs ftu pkoK tko jh ;kozr gd

tofsnk j? . fJ; bJh w?A p/Bsh eoKrk yzvk pd d/ noE d/yD bJh
wjkB e' d/yD dh y/ub eo' . fJ; d/ d' noE jB L
1a
b'j/ dk d' Xkok so o{g yzvk .
2a
wk:k, e[dos, ;z;ko d/ ;G d[zd gdkoE ou e/ nB/e
G/d eoB tkbh j'D eo e/ e[dos dk BkT[A yzvk j? .

e/tb ;qh d;w rqzE B{z yvB bJh fJ; rqzE d/ fto'Xh ftu'A ftu'A
s[eK eZY e/ b'eK B{z e[okj/ gk oj/ jB ns/ i' sZs;ko fjZs' T[gd/ j? T[;
B{z S[gk b?Ad/ jB .

;[fX ip s/ jw Xoh puB r[o dJ/ jwko/ ..

g{s fJj? gqB s'fj gqkB ip br Eko/ ..
Bkohh e/ ;kE B/j[ s[w fBs pY?:j[ ..
fBi Bko
go Bkoh eh ;/i G{fb ;[gB/ j{z B i:j[ ..
go Bkoh e/ Gi/ ;j; pk;t Gkr gkJ/ ..
go Bkoh e/ Gi/ uzdq ebze brkJ/ ..
go Bkoh e/ j/s ;h; d; ;h; rtk:' ..
21))
j/ go Bkoh e/ j/s eNe etoB e' xk:' .. (fusq 21
go Bkoh e/ Gi/ ;j pk;t Gr gkJ/ ..
go Bkoh e/ Gi/ uzdq ekbze brkJ/ ..
go Bkoh ;'A B/j[ S[oh g?Bh eo ikBj[ ..
go Bkoh e/ Gi ekb p:kg:' sB wkBj[ ..
nfXe johch ikfB G'r go fsqn i' eojhA ..
j' ns ;`kB eh fwqs jkE b?Avh e/ wojhA ..
pkb jwko/ gk; d/; d/;B s/ fsqn nktfj ..
wB pKSs po wKfr ikfB r[o ;h; M[ektfj ..
j' ej[ ;[zdfo fsj ;kE rtB e?;/ e? efoj'A ..
110))
(ufosq gBk 110
ni/j/ jh [X gftsq T[gd/ ufosq' gy:kB ftu irQk irQk Go/
gJ/ jB go fJBQK tZb d;w rqzE fto'Xh ed/ d/yD dh e'f BjhA eoBr/ .
;' ekbk ncrkBk ns/ T[BQK d/ ;woEeK dk d;w rqzE s/ fJj
d{D nfrnkBsk tkbk j? . fe;/ nfs wjkB ftdtkB dh ouBk
B{z ;wMD bJh nfs gqphB ns/ wjhB p[Xh dh b'V j[zdh j? . fJ; bJh GkJh
wBh f;zx ih, pkpk dhg f;zx, vkeNo fsqb'uB f;zx ns/ f;a eg{o f;zx

tor/ d;w rqzE dh pkDh dh gqwkDhesk pko/ e'Jh zek BjhA eod/ . e/tb
BhthA gZXo dh p[Xh tkb/ jh fJ; s'A w[Beo j' e/ GzvD dh w{oysk eod/
jB .

J/e wdh d{i/ so[B shi/ nfs XB Xkw .

gkg eo/ fpB e:'A pu? pu? pukt? okw .
(d;w rqzE ufosq 183)
183
Gkt, pzd/ B{z fJe uVQdh itkBh j't/ T[go'A okp ghsh j't/ xo
ftu g?;k y[bQk j't/, T[j gkg eoB s'A fe; soQK pu ;edk j?< i/ gow/o
pukt/ sK jh pu ;edk j? .

iBfB imo wfj nkfJ g[oy pj[s'A d[y gktfj ..

w{sq Xkw e' gkfJ ejs jw G'r ewktfj ..
E{e fsq:k e' ukN ejs nXokfwqs gk:' ..
fpoEk irs w? iBw fpBK irdh rtk:' ..
ufosq 81 gL 307

fJe w[e yk;h no[ y[oe pykfB:' ..

y{B y?o wdgkB ;[ pj[fo gqw kfB:? ..
e; e'Jh eoJh ;ks SgkJ/ Sgs Bfj ..
j' j'ts gqrN fBdkB ;[ ;koh fqN wfj .. gL 250 ..

;qh d;w rqzE ;kfjp d/ okw ns/ :kw eth

nkfd ekb s'A r[o{ e/ f;Zy ;qh d;w rqzE ;kfjp B{z d;w/ fgsk dh
feqs wBd/ nkJ/ jB . GkJh wBh f;zx jhd, pkpk dhg f;zx jhd ns/
pkpk fpB'd f;zx nkfd, i' d;w/ ih d/ ;wekbh ;B ns/ fiBQK dh wZs
p[ZXh iK gqwkoEe ihtB dhnK p[bzdhnK B{z S{jDk fe;/ n?o/ r?o/ d/ tZ; dh
rZb BjhA, B/ nkg fiZE'A fes'A gqkgs eo e/ d;w rqzE dhnK pkDhnK B{z
fJeZmk eoe/ phVK fsnko ehshnK i' gE B/ gqtkD eohnK . fJ;/ soQK
nr'A fJBQK d/ T[sko/ j' e/ r[of;ZyK e'b gj[zud/ oj/ .
fJ; rqzE dhnK fszB pkDhnK ;qh ikg ;kfjp, ;[Xk ;t:' ns/
efp:' pku p/Bsh u"gJh d;w/ ih B/ yvk gkj[b fsnko eoB t/b/ nkg
gVQhnK . r[o{ ;kfjp d/ ihtB ;kEh nfBB f;Zy GkJh i?sk (GkJh ihtB
f;zx) B/ nkgDh ouBk ftu yvk gkj[b fsnko eoB dh ftXh fJ; soQK
fbyh j? L-

..212
212..
ig[ e' gkm eofj ;zr fsj f;y gkso d{;o jkE Xohi? ..
212
..
fJ gkso T{go jkE oyhi? .
gKuj[z wfj uko ;{ j'tfj nto i'fJ
nkgB nkgB pko :/ gKuj[ gKu jh pkDh e' gkm gVQhi? .
ig[ ikg ;t?:/ u'gJh nkBzd e' gkm ;'A gkj[b fsnko eohi? .
..223
223..
gKu'A u[b/ w[y gktfj ;[ :kue J/s jh B/so e/; gthi? ..
223
..
(GkJh i?sk ihtB s/ ouBk feqs vka r[ow[y f;zx gBk 78)
78
go j[D pj[s ;ko/ ;ZiD, fiBQK B/ fJ; rozE d/ ed/ do;B Gh
BjhA ehs/ iK T[j ;ZiD fe;/ yk; ekoD eoe/ nkgD/ wsbp dhnK s[eK
ftu'A eZY e/ gquko eo oj/ jB fe fJ; rqzE dk pj[sk Gkr ft/ o{g ftu,
u"ph; ntsko, uzvh fusqo d'B'A Gkr ns/ ufosq'gy:kB r[o{ feqs BjhA
fJj r[o{ dopkoh eth okw ns/ :kw dhnK fbyhnK j'JhnK jB, feT[Afe
feqBk ntsko ftu ;:kw eft dk BkT[A nkT[Adk j? . d{;ok, fJBQK dk
efjDk j? fe r[owfs ftu ntskotkd dk yvB j? go fJBQK ouBktK

ftu ;BksB Xow d/ ntskoK ns/ d/thnK dh T[;sfs j? . fJ;/ soQK

ufosq' gy:kB ns/ jekfJsK ftu nbhbsk dk d' j'D eo e/ fJBQK
w[skfpe, fJj r[o{ feqs BjhA jB . n;hA fJBQK ;kohnK rZbK dk ftb/D
eo e/ sZs;ko ;zrsK ftu oZyD dh e'f eo oj/ jK.
;kB{z fJj efjD ftu e'Jh r[o/ BjhA fe d;w rqzE d/ fto'Xh ;G
s'A tZX fwBoh ekbiK d/ ;zukbe ns/ T[j ny"sh p[ZXh ihth jB fiBQK
d/ fjod/ ftu r[o{ fgnko ns/ pqjw r:kB Bkb'A fes/ tZX ftfrnkB
tf;nk j'fJnk j? .
fJBQK ftu'A fJe spek ;qh d;w rqzE s'A fJbktk GkJh r[odk;,
GZNK d/ ;tZ:/ ns/ pj[s ;koh Grs pkDh Gh wBD s'A fJBekoh j? . fJj
y[bQzw y[ZbQk efj oj/ jB fe d;w rqzE dhnK yvk gkj[b tkbhnK pkDhnK
ikg ;kfjp, ;tZ:/ ns/ u"gJh pkDh BjhA gVQBh ukjhdh feT[Afe fJj ;qh
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp s'A pkjo dh pkDh j? . fJzdo f;zx xZrk ns/ fJ;
d/ ;woEe fJ; spe/ d/ w'Yh jB . fJj uzvh dh tko ftu'A bJh nodk;
dh gfjbh gT[Vh s'A Gh w[Beo jB . p/e id fJBQK B/ nkg nfwqs
SZfenk ;h sK fJBQK pkDhnK Bkb jh nfwqs fsnko ehsk frnk ;h ns/
fizdrh d/ ekch fjZ;/ sZe fJj pkDhnK gVQd/ oj/ jB go j[D e[M ;kbK s'A
yk; eo e/ ekbk ncrkBk s'A fJBQK B{z neb nkJh j? fe n;hA j[D sZe
jokw d/ pD/ oj/ ns/ j[D jbkb d/ pD ikDk ukjhdk j?.
d{;ok spek yvk gj[b dhnK pkDhnK ftu'A efp:' pku p/Bsh
u"gJh s/ fezs{ eoB s'A fJbktk T[go dZ;hnK ouBktK B{z yvD BjhA
eodk go Zeh fBrkj Bkb d/ydk j? . id'A GkJh pkb/ B{z fJfsjk; ftu'A
ykoi eoBk j't/ sK GkJh r[odk; dh pKj cV b?Dr/, feT[Afe GkJh ;kfjp
dh pkDh ftu fJ; dk feo BjhA go id'A GkJh ;kfjp dhnK tkoK ftu
wZek c/oB dh rZb nkT[Adh j? sK efjDr/ ;kfJz; fJ; B{z BjhA wBdh fJ;
bJh bs j? . fJ;/ soQK Grs pkDh ftu d/j[ok fcoBk, woh rT[ fiT[Adh
eoB B{z Gh wBD s'A w[Beo jB . d;w rqzE d/ fto'XhnK ftu'A pj[fsnK B/

B sK ;jh s"o s/ nkfd ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk wB fuZs bk e/ gkm ehsk j?
ns/ B jh d;w rqzE d/fynk j?, p; ! d' ;kb dk fwBoh e'o; eo e/
nkbw ckb pD e/ GkJh tho f;zx, nekbh e"o f;zx fBjzr, GkJh ekBQ
f;zx ns/ f;a eg{o f;zx ns/ j'o gE gqf;ZX ftdtkBK B{z u?fbzi eo oj/
jB .
n;hA j[D w{b ft/ tZb w[Vd/ jK fiE'A sZe d;w rzqE ftu
ntskoK ns/ d/thnK dh T[;sfs dk ;tkb j? ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/
f;XKs nB[;ko L

;G wfj i'fs i'fs j? ;'fJ .. gBk 663

jfj
;j; st B?B BB B?B j
fj s'fj eT[
;j; w{ofs BBk J/e[ s'jh .. gBk 13
id r[o{ ;kfjp gow/o B{z eD eD ftu ftnkge d/yd/ jB
sK ;BksB Xow d/ gqtkDs ntskoK dh tfvnkJh BjhA eod/ j[zd/l pbfe
T[BQK ftu nekbh i's B{z d/y e/ gqw/o dh jh f;cs eod/ jB L

pqjw wj/ f;X w[fB fJzdok

- gBk 534
mke[
w'fj mk
e[o jh do;ko/ ..
nkg/ r'gh ekB[ j? fgnkok pfB nkg/ rT{ uokjk ..
nkg/ ;ktb ;[zdok j? fgnkok nkg/ tz;[ tikjk.. - gBk 607
nkg/ ;[o Bo rD rzXopk nkg/ yN doB eh pkDh ..
nkg/ ft ze o wj/k nkg/ r[ow[fy neE ejkDh ..
fppkDh..nkg/ i'rh nkg/ G'rh nkg/ ;z Bnk;h fco? fppkDh..
-gBk 553
fJ;/ soQK dw/ ih B/ nkgDhnK feqsK ftu fJ;/ BohJ/ s'A d/y
e/ fiE/ fes/ Gh f;cs ehsh j? fBozeko dh f;cs ehsh j?.
d{;o/ gk;/ nkfd r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu pqjwk, ftB{z, wj/ iK
feqB ih ns/ okw uzdq ih dk fBi o{g d/y e/ [G r[DK dh ;'Gk ns/
rbs rZbK dk yvB ehsk j? . n;hA fJ; gZy'A jh d;w rqzE dh pkDh

thukoBh j? . pfusq BkNe d/ gfjb/ nfXnkfJ d/ gfjb/ Szd ftu ns/ j'o
EkT[A r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fJj ftXh ngDkJh j?.
g[oksB ekb ftu jo fJe eth nkgDh ouBk [o{ eoB s'A
gfjbK nkgD/ fJN B{z fXnkT[Adk ;h fco nkgD/ r[o{ B{z, nkgD/ ftk
t;s{ pko/ dZ; e/ ouBk [o{ eodk ;h . n;hA id d;w rqzE dhnK ouBktK
dh nkozGsk d/yd/ jK sK sZs fJ; soQK fBebdk j?.
(1)

ikg[ L
1> ;fsr[o gq;kfd tkfjr[o{ ih eh csfj
;qh nekb g[oy ih s/oh ;ofD ..
(fJj ;so pdkoE ftu j?)

(2)

nekb T[;sfs L
1> ;fsr[o gq;kfd ..
;qh GrT[sh ih ;jkfJ ;qh nekb ih eh T[;sfs .
(GrT[sh d/ noEK bJh wjkB e' GkJh ekBQ f;zx ih
ns/ r[owfs ;[Xkyo d/y')

(4)

uzvh ufosq L- 1> tkfjr[o{ ih eh csfj

nfE uzvh ufosq T[efs fpbk;
nyho s/ d;w/ ih B/ fbfynk j?, fJfs ;qh wkoezv/ g[okD/ ;qh

uzvh

ufosq

T[efs

fpbk;

;[zG

pXfj

Bkw[

nNw'

fXnkfJ ;wkgsw ;s ;[Gw ;s-nci{

;kc d;dk j? fe r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fJj wkoezv/ gokD d/ nmt/A
nfXnkJ/ ftu i' ;[zG okey dk pZX eoBk fbfynk j? T[;/ nkXko s/
fbfynk j? . ;' fJ; ftu fiE/ fes/ Gh d/th dh T[;sfs j? T[j T[;/ nkXko
s/ j? Bk e/ eth (dw/ ih) T[;sfs eo oj/ jB . nkyho s/ nkgD/ wB
dh fJZSk gqrN eo oj/ jB L
d/fj f;tk po w'fj fJj? [G eowB s/ epj{z Bk vo'A ..
B vo'A nfo ;T[ ip ikfJ bo' fB;u? efo nkgBh ihs eo'A ..

(fJE/ Gh f;tk d/ ;jh noE wjkB e' ftu fwbDr/)

(5)

uzvh ufosq d{;ok L

1> ;fsr[o gq;kfd ;qh GrT[sh ih ;jkfJ
nE uzvh ufosq fby:s/ .
nkyho ftu
fJfs ;qh pfusq BkNe uzvh ufosq/ T[;sfs poB/ Bkw
nNw' nfXnkfJ ;zg{oDz ;s ;[Gw ;s[ nci{
fJE/ wjkoki B/ d; fdZsk fe wkoezv/ g[okD dk nmtK

nfXnk: ;zg{oD j' frnk j? .

(6)

pfusq BkNe L1> ;fsr[o gq;kfd

nE pfusq BkNe

rqzE fby:s/ ;qh w[y tke gkskjh 10

fiBQK B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp wjkoki dk gkm wB fposh brk e/
BjhA ehsk T[BQK dk soe j? fe dw/ ih nkgD/ nkg qh w[y tke
gkskjh 10 fet/A fby ;ed/ jB < id fe ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ftu GZNK
d/ ;tZ:/ fbyD s'A gfjbK ;tZ:/ ;qh w[y pkeQ wL gL fby e/ guw fgsk
B/ fJ; gZXsh B{z gqtkD ehsk j? . fJ; s'A nZr/
d'jok
Bw;eko ;qh yVr e' eo" ;[ fjs[ fus bkfJ ..
g{oB eo" frozE fJj s[w w'fj eoj[ ;jkfJ ..
fsqGzrh Szd .. ;qh ekb ih eh T[;sfs ..
yr yv fpjzvz yb db yvz nfs oD wvz po pzvz ..
;qh ekb ih eh T[;sfs gVQ e/ c"oB fJj fejk iKdk j? fe fJj
ft g[okD tkb/ ekb dh T[;sfs j? go d;w/ ih B/ y[d fJ; rZb dk
fBoDk u"ph; ntsko dh rkEk d/ nkozG ftu eo fdZsk j? L
nfs eos ;G ir e' ekbk ..
Bkw ekbk sK s/ ir vkbk ..

;w/A ;zs go j's ;jkJh ..

sK s/ ;zy:k ;z s ;[BkJh ..9
..9..
noE L (feT[Afe) ;koh f;q;Nh dk ns eoB jko gow/o j? fJ; bJh T[;
dk Bkw ekb (ekbk) ;z;ko ftu fpfynks j? . (d{;o/ gk;/) ;zs (;Ks Gkt
woD t/b/) ;jkJh j[zdk j? fJ; bJh T[; B{z ;zs nkyd/ jB . fJBQK ;gZN
fbyD d/ pkti{d d;w rqzE dh pkDh ftu fby/ ekb B{z fJBQK B/ ft
g[okD tkb/ ekb B{z wBD dh oZN brk oZyh j? .
r[opkDh dZ; ojh j? L
GkJh ws e'Jh ikDj[ fe;h e? feS[ jkfE j? ;G eo/ eokfJnk..
iok wok skg f;os ;kg ;G jfo e? tf; j?
e'Jh bkr B ;ke? fpB jfo ek bkfJnk .. gBk 168..
168
fJ; r[o [owkD B{z d/y e/ e"D efj ;edk j? fe d;w/ fgsk dk
gow/o B{z ekb efjDk pqkjwDtkdh rZb j? <
T[Ai i/ d/fynk ikfJ e'Jh pzdk fe;/ ekoD fe;/ B{z wkoD ikfJ sK
d[wB B{z nkydk j?, s/ok ekb pD e/ nkfJnk jK . wjkoki nky oj/ jB
fe ;G s'A tZv/ ekb dk Gh ekb j?, T[j wjK ekb j? . i/ fJzBh rZb Gh
fe;/ d/ ;wM B nkJ/ sK eh ehsk ik ;edk j? .
(6)

uzvh dh tko (tko d[ork eh)

fJj dw/ ih dh gikph p'bh ftu wkoezv/ g[okD d/ nXkos

nkgDh ;[szso ouBk j? . fJ; dh nkozGsk j? L

1> tkfjr[o{ ih eh cs/ .. ;qh GrT[sh ih ;jkfJ
tko ;qh GrT[sh ih eh .. gkskjh 10 ..
(7)

u'ph; ntsko L1> ;fsr[o gq;kfd tkfjr[o{ ih eh cfsj ..

np u"ph; nT[sko poBz gkL 10 s` gq;kfd ..
fJ;/ soQK fJBQK ftu'A T[ZBh ntskoK dhnK rkEktK ftu fes/ Gh

fe;/ okw iK ;:kw eth dk BkT[A BjhA nkT[Adk . ;G dh nkozGsk T[go

dZ;/ wrbk uoB Bkb jh j[zdh j? . e/tb u'ph; ntsko dh nkozGsk ftu
thjt/A ntsko

okwk ntsko dh nkozGsk ns/ pj[sh tkoh feqBk

ntsko ftu ;:kw dk BkT[A nkT[Adk j? . go u"ph; ntsko dh nkozGsk

s/ Mksh wkohJ/ sK fJ; soQK fbfynk j? .
np uT[ ph; T[ uo' ntskok . fij fpX fsB ek byk nykok .
;[Bhnj[ ;zs ;p? fus bkJh . poBs ;:kw iEk wfs GkJh .
i' u"ph; ntsko eokJ/ . fsj
fsj Gh s[w gqG sfBe B gkJ/ .
;G ir Gow/ Gowk:z . sK s/ Bkw fpns ejk:z . 7 .
;G jh Sbs B nkg Sbk:k . sk s/ Sbhnk nkg ejk:k .
;zsB d[yh fBoy nebkt? . dhB pzX[ sk s/ efjbkt? . 8.
8.
ns eos ;G ir e' ekbk . Bkw ekbk sk s/ ir vkbk .
;w/ ;zs go j's ;jkJh . sk s/ ;zy:k ;zs pskJh . 9.
9.
feBj{z ej{z B skfj byk:' . fJj eo Bkw nby ejk:' .
i'fB irs w? epj{z B nk:' . sK s/ ;G' ni'B psk:' . 13.
13.
pqjwkfde ;p jh gu jko/ . fp;B wj/to eT[B fpuko/ .
uzd ;{o fiB eo/ fpukok . sK s/ ikBhns j? eoskok . 14.
14.
fJe wVhnB epoB t/ ikjh . d[jz{nB w? gow/o Bkjh .
d'T{ w'j pkd w/ gu/ . fsB s/ BkE fBokb/ pu/ .
ik s/ S{fN r:' Gqw T[o ek . fsj nkr/ fjz d{ fenk s[oek . 19.
19.
fJe s;ph fJe wkbk Xojh . J/e e[okB g[ okB T[uojh .
eos fpo[X rJ/ wfo w{VQk . gqG e' ozr B bkrk r{VQk . 20.
20.
i'rh ;zfBnk;h j? i/s/ . w[vhnK w[;bwkB w[fB e/s/ .
G/y Xo/ b{Ns ;z;kok . Sgs ;kX fij Bkw nXkok . 23
fiB gqG J/e tj? mjok:' . fsB eo fGzzv B fe;{ fdyk:' .
;h; dh:/ go f;oo B dhBk . ozu ;wkB d/j efo uhBk . 26
Gkt fi; B/ nkgD/ fjod/ ftu fJe gqw/o B{z t;kfJnk j? T[j
fe;/ B{z gkyv BjhA fdykT[Ad/ . r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp dh T[dkjoD d/ e/

dZ;d/ jB fe T[j ;oho B{z s[S wksq ;wMd/ jB nkgDk f;o d/ fdzd/ jB
go nkgD/ gqD s/ nNZb ofjzd/ jB .

gqEw ekb ;G ir e' sksk . sk s/ G:' s/i fpfy:ksk .

T[[gkJh . 29
;'Jh GtkBh Bkw ejkJh . fifB f;roh :j f;q;fN T
fgqEw? Uneko fsB ejk . ;' X[fB g{o irs w' ojk .
sK s/ ir G:' fp;Ekok . g[oy gqfeqs ip d[j{z fpukok . 30
(g[oy&nekb g[oy - gqfeqs&wk:k, nkfd esh e[dos)
fJj ;G e[M gVQ e/ Gh i/ fe;/ B{z ;wM B nkt/ fe u"pho ntsko
d/ eosk ih fe; dh tfvnkJh eo oj/ jB fco T[; dh ws B{z eh ejhJ/ <
id fe wjkoki B/ nkgD/ f;ZyK d/ frnkB bJh fJj ;BksB rqzEK d/
T[bZE/ iK T[BQK d/ nkXkos fJj ouBktK nkg ehshnK jB ns/ ;G Gow
G[b/y/ d{o eoB bJh nkgD/ fBZih thuko Bkb jh fby fdZs/ jB L
wS ntsko d/ nfXnk: d/ wX ehNt d/ gq;zr ftu L

ekb g[oy dh d/fj w' e'fNe fpB wj/ .

e'fN fJzdq pqjwk fes/ oft ;; e'fN ib/ .
okwk ntsko dh eEk fby e/ nkyho s/ dZ; fdZsk .

gKfJ rj/ ip s/ s[wo/ sp s/ e'T{ nKy so/ BjhA nkB:' .

okw ojhw g[okB e[okb nB/e ej?A ws J/e B wkB:' .
pj[
f;fwqs ;k;sq p/d ;p? p
j[ G/d ej?A jw J/e B ikfB:' .
;qh n;gkB feqgk s[woh efo w? B efj:' ;p s'fj pykfB:'. 863
d'jok

;rb d[nko e' Skv e? rfj:' s[jko' d[nkok .

pKj rj/ eh bki n; r'fpzd dk; s[jko . 864
nZr/ fby fdZsk L

;kX n;kX ikB' BjhA pkd ;[ pkd fppkd .

rqzE ;rb g{oD eh:'
eh:' Grtfs feqgk gq;kfd . 862


410

aaaaaa
aaaaaa aaaaaa
aaaaaa
aaaaaa
w' rqfj wfj wB s/ XB s/ sB s/ f;o b"A ;G j? fJe jh eT[ ..
fjzd{nK dh wkBf;esk dh ;hwk jh ewho s'A b? e/ ezfBnk
e[wkoh sZe j? ns/ i? Gkos wksk s'A T[go BjhA iKdh sK ;:kw eth fe;
soQK nky/rk .

pzr e/ pz rkbh fcozr e/ fcozrk tkbh

fdbh e/ fdbtkbh s/oh nkfrnk w/A ubs j?A .
o'j e/ o[j/b/ wkx d/; e/ px/b/ pho
pzr;h pz[X/b/ gkg g[zi e' wbs j?A..

r'yk r[B rktfj uhB wuhB e/ ;h; fBnktfj

fspsh fXnkt?fj d'y d/j e' dfbs j?A ..
(nekb T[;sfs)
(7)
r[o{ ;kfjp d/ ;ko/ dopkoh ethnK ;?Bkgfs, GkJh Bzd bkb
nkfd, nkgDhnK ouBktK ftu r[o{ ;kfjp dhnK tfvnkJhnK eod/ Eed/
BjhA . ;ko/ okfinK d/ dopkoh eth nkgDhnK ouBktK ftu nkgD/
gkbeK dh tfvnkJh eod/ jB go d;w rqzE dh ;koh ouBk ftu fes/
fJe EK Gh d;w/ ih dh skohc bJh fJe bkJhB Gh BjhA fbyh j'Jh .
pfusq BkNe ftu ebrhXo wjkoki dh nkgDh eEk ns/ j'o i[ZXK dk
toBD T[sw g[oy ftu j'fJnk . i/ fe;/ eth dh ouBk j[zdh sK
ftnkeoD nB[;ko nB: g[oy (3rd Person) ftu j'Dh ;h . fJ; bJh
fJ; B{z fe;/ wBxVs ;:kw eth Bkb i'VBk nfrnkBsk ns/ w{oysk j? .
pbfe nB/eK EktK s/ r[o{ wjkoki B/ nkgDk BkT[A fbfynk j? L

;rb d[nko e' Skfv e? rfj:' s[jko' d[nko .

pKj rj/ eh bki nf; r'fpzd dk; s[jko . (okr wkH tsko)
;dk dkfjB/ dk; e' dkB dhi?
dhi? .
r[o{ kj r'fpz d eh oy bhi? . (GrT[sh ;s'so)
(8)
fi; soQK y'ih pzd/ u'o dh g?V BZgD bJh, g?o dk ;kJh, g[bKx
dh bzpkJh, Xosh s/ gJ/ g?o dh Skg dk Bw{Bk nkfd rZbK d/y e/ d;d/
jB fe g?V fe; pzd/ dh j? . fJ;/ soQK ftdtkB pzd/ fe;/ ouBk dh
pdktbh, ?bh, nbzeko ns/ gqwkfD nkfd d/y e/ fBoDk eo b?Ad/ jB
fe ouBk fJe eth dh j? iK fJe s'A tZX dh j? . d;w rqzE dh ;koh ouBk
fJe' gqpzX j/m j? ns/ eJh EkJhA tZy tZy ekvK ftu ;wkBsk tkbh
pdktbh, ?bh ns/ nbzekoK Bkb fBo{gD jB .
;G irk gow/o d/ fBor[D ns/ ;or[D o{g d'BK dk gqrNk j? .
gow/o ns/ gow/o dh nkfd esh ;G irk fdqNwkB j? . i[XK d/
toBD dh ?bh, pdktbh fJe ;wkB j? . i' pdktbh uzvh dh tko

ftu j? T[j' pdktbh okwtsko d/ fJzdoihs (oktD d/ g[Zso) i[ZX

toBD ftu j? L
i[N/ tho i[Mko/ XZrk tihnK . pi/ Bkd eoko/ dbK w[kjdk .
b[M/ ekoD:ko/ ;zxo ;{ow/. t[m/ ikD vokb/ xDhno e?poh..
..
ti/ ;zrbhnkb/ jkmK i[NhnK . y/fs pj/ w[Skb/ ejo ssou/ .
fvr/ tho i[Mko/ X{zwK c[NhnK. pZe/ ikD wstkb/ GzrK ykfJ e? ..
..
UoVkJ/ jzekoh XZrK tkfJe? . tkfj fco/ sotkoh ;{o/ ;{ofwnK .
tr? oZs M[bkoh MkVh e?poh . gkJh X{w M[Mkoh oktD okw dh..
..
u'phA XT[; tikJh ;zxo[ wZfunk. pkj fco? t?okJh s[o/ sskou/ .
j{oKfus tXkJh npo g{fonk. i'XK d/yD sKJh j{b/ j'JhnK ..
..
i' pdktbh ikg ;kfjp ftu j? Uj' pdktbh fJ;/ eKv ftu j? LnBek Szd
gqG{ j? . ni{ j? . ni? j? . nG? j? ..
..
nik j? . nsk j? . nb? j? . ni? j? ..
..
okwktsko d/ nkozG ftu fbyd/ jB L

g[fB ohM dJ/ d'T{ shnk poz r . fus w' ;[ fpuko eS[ B eoz..
..17
17..
ejh BkNe wZX ufosq eEk . i:k dhB ;[o/ Bo/i iEk ..
17
..
dw/ fgsk dZ;d/ jB fe w?A d;oE dhnK d' okDhnK d/ ftnkj dk gq;zr
pfusq BkNe rqzE ftu ufosq' gy:kB ftu Gh fbfynk j?.

w/o eo' fsqD s/ w[fj ikfj rohp fBtki B d{;o s' ;' ..
G{b fSw' jwoh gqG nkgB G{bBjko ejK e'T{ w' ;' ..
Go''; ' ..
;/t eoh s[woh fsB e/ ;G jh frqj d/yhns dqp Go
:k eb w?A ;G ekb feqgkB e/ Gkoh G[ikB e' Gkoh Go';' .
(pa BkNe 92)
92
fJj' ;tZ:k ufosqK dk nkozG ftu fJ; soQK j? L

w/o fe:' fsqD e/ w[fj ikfj rohp fBtki B d{;o s' ;" ..
G{b fSw' jwoh gqG nkgB G{bB jko ej{z e'T{ w' ;" ..

;/t eo? s[woh fsB e/ fSB w?A XB bkrs Xkw Go';' ..

:k efb w?A ;G ekb feqgkB eh Gkoh G[ikB e' Gkoh Go'; " ..47
47..
..47
..
fJj T[;/ soQK j? fi; soQK nkfd r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu ;'do dk
gkm fszB tkoh nZv nZv pd G/dK Bkb nkfJnk j? .
pfusq BkNe ftu d;w/ ih, fgsk r[o{ dh jhdh pko/ fJzi
fbyd/ jB L

;kXB j/fs fJsh fifB eoh .. ;h; dhnk go ;h Bk T[uoh ..

fJ;/ soQK u"ph; ntsko dh eEk d/ nkozG ftu fJzi fbyd/ jB .

fiB gqG J/e tj? mjok:' .. fsB eo fGzv B fe;{ fdyk:' ..

..26
26..
;h; dhnk go f;oo B dhBk .. ozu ;wkB d/fj eo uhBk ..
26
..
fJ;/ soQK ;a nwoihs f;zx y';k e?B/vk fBtk;h B/ ;qh d;w
rqzE ;kfjp dw/ feqs gqwkfDesk g[;se ftu pVh fwjBs Bkb
nkfd ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh pkDh, GkJh r[odk; ih dh ouBk dk d;w
rqzE dh pkDh Bkb Nkeok eo e/ cb;ck, f;XKs ns/ gqwkD fJe' ;kps
ehs/ jB . go fJj rZbK ;G frnkBtkBK tk;s/ jB g{ fposh tkfbnK
bJh BjhA jB .
(9)
n?;k okw ;:kw eth fejVk j? ih fi;B/ gkT[AN/ ofj e/ feko
ehsk j't/ ns/ /o, foS wko/ j'B L-

oki ;ki jw go ip nk:' .. iEk ;es sp Xow ubk:' ..

..11..
GKfs GKfs ;B y/b f;ekok .. wko/ ohM o'M Mzykok ..
d/; ukb jw s/ g[fB GJh .. ;jo gktNk eh ;[fX bJh ..
..22..
ekfbzdq sN eo/ fpbk;k .. nfBe GKs e/ g/y swkk ..
..33..
sj e/ f;zx xB/ u[fB wko/ .. o'M ohS pj[ GKfs fpuko/ ..
id fe r[o{ ;kfjp dh :kd ftu r[L /o rkj ni Gh gkT[ANk ;kfjp ekfJw
j? .
e"D okw ;:kw wBxVs nyT[sh eth fJj dkB wrdk j?

np ohM e? d/j[ tj? jw e'T[ i' j" p/Bsh eo i'fo eo'A ..

ip nkT[ eh nT[X fBdkB pB? nfs jh oB w? sp i{M wo"A ..

feqBktsko d/ ns ftu r[o{ ;kfjp fbyd/ jB,

d;w eEk Gr"s eh Gkyk eoh pBkfJ ..

nto pk;Bk Bkfj gqG Xow i[X e' ukfJ ..
noE L- Grts g[okD d/ d;t/A ;ezX ftu i' feqBktsko pko/ fbfynk j?
w?A T[; B{z nkgDh p'bh gfjBk e/ fbfynk j? . fJ; pko/ w?B{z j'o e'Jh
bkb;k BjhA (ekwBk BjhA) e/tb Xow i[X bJh (nkgD/ f;ZyK ftu) i'
GoB bJh w?A fJj fbfynk j? .
fJ; s'A gfjbK dk ;tZ:k d/y' L

pj[
jfo ub/ frqj nkgB/ e' pB w? p
j[s' fsB X:kB brkJ/ ..
f;X ;wkX nrkX eEk w[fB y'i oj/ jfo jkE B nkJ/ ..
;:kw ej? ;G p/d es/pB ;z sB e? wfs :'A mjokJ/ ..
Gkys j? efp ;zs ;[B' fiB gq/w ehJ/ fsj ;qh gqfG gkJ/ ..
;ku ej'A ;[fB b/j[ ;G? fiB gq/w eh:' fsB jh gqG gkfJU ..

..

(nekb T[;sfs)
fJ; s'A f;ZX j[zdkj? fe okw ;:kw ns/ r'fpzd e'Jh wB xVzs
nyT[sh j'o eth BjhA pbfe fJj fszB/ bc fJe' d/ ;wkB nso noE
tkb/ jB . iEkL

;zsK wX/ r'fpz d[ nkS? r'eb wX/ f;nkwr'..

Bkw/ wX/ okw[ nkS? okw f;nkw r'fpzdr' .. ne
ns/

..

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ gqk:pkuh Bkw jB .

fijV/ pzd/ d;w rqzE dh pkDh B{z ethnK dh pkDh ns/ ezio
pkDh efjzd/ jB n;hA T[BQK B{z g[ZSd/ jK fe eh r[o{ ;kfjp ni/jh ouBk
eoB tkb/ ethnK B{z jkEh s/ uVQk e/ ib{; dh eb ftu ;BwkB eod/
oj/ ns/ T[; wkB/ ;Zm ;Zm jko d/ fJBkw fdzd/ oj/ < id fe fJfsjk;
rtkj j? fe fJe eth B/ id r[o dopko ftu nk e/ nkgDh eftsk dk
gfjbk fno fJdK gfVQnkL

wod ;'j/ w[ZS pKe/ B?D pKe/ r'ohnK .

sK r[o{ ;kfjp B/ T[; B{z c"oB p?m ikD bJh j[ew fdZsk ns/ fejk n;hA ni/j/
wod n"os gqtkB eod/ jk L

wod ;'j/ e"b pKe/ ow pKe/ r'ohnK .

fejVk ft Grs fjzd{ eth fJj ej/rk L

J/e f;t GJ/ J/e rJ/ J/e c/o GJ/

okw uzdq feq;B e/ ntsko Gh nB/e j?A ..
pqjwk no[ fpB e/s/ p/d n"A g[okB e/s/
f;fwqs ;w{jB e? j[fJ j[fJ fpsJ/ j?A ..
w'Bdh wdko e/s/ n;[Bh e[wko e/s/ ..
n;k ntsko e/s/ nBh e[wko e/s/
gho n"A fgekpo e/s/ rB/ B gos J/s/
1 77
(nekb T[;sfs)
ykb;/ dh i' wfjwk ebrhnK tkb/ B/ d;w rqzE ftu ehsh fejVk
pqkjwD okw, iK :kw eth eo ;edk j? < p/ ;wMh ekoB d;w/ dh feqs ;qh
d;w rqzE B{z ethnK dh ouBk efj e/ e[co s'b oj/ jB .
fJe gZSwh ftdtkB B/ d;w rqzE dk nfXn?B eo e/ fJzi fbfynk j?
L
"The followers of Gobind Singh have failed to tell the
world that he was not only a man of action but a great Scholar
world have ever produced. Who was the master of so many
Indian languages of that time and can write his versions with
quite peae of mind with a sword dagling with his waist, bow and
arrows ready to fight and commanding his troops in the battle
field" ns/ ;kv/ d;w rqzE fto'Xh nfrnkBsk ns/ w{oysk iK fe;/ bkbu
ftu nk e/ fJ; s/ mZgk jh BjhA brKd/ pb fe nkgDh neb dk fdtkbk Gh
eZY oj/ jB.

nX/ nebh pkjo/ fenk fsB f;T[ ejhn?

fgSbh ;dh d/ ;Zst/A de ftu frnkBh Gkr f;zx dh fbyh
g[;se d;w rqzE fBoD/ B/ gE ftu pVh T[Eb g[Eb g?dk eo
fdZsh ;h . fJ; d/ itkp ftu frnkBh jopz; f;zx ih Nhekeko dh
fbyh g[;se d;w rqzE dogD B/ ns/ frnkBh Gkr f;zx B{z ;qh
nekb sys ;kfjp s'A fwsh 5-7-1977 B{z gE ftu'A S/e/ ikD fgS'A
Ksh tos rJh ;h, cb;o{g seohpB fszB ;kb fgS'A frnkBh Gkr
f;zx B/ ;qh nekb sys ;kfjp s/ jko j' e/ G[b pykJh . seohpB
thj ;kb fgS'A fpgqB eh ohs s'A ;Zu d/ wkor dhnK feskpK d/
ny"sh b/ye r[opy f;zx ekbk ncrkBk B/ fco fJe tko
gEe ;kro ftu gE Ykj{ ;[Bkwh bfjo b? nKdh j? .
n;hA nkgDh g[s;e ;G d[kN MZy wkok ftu ;kps eo
fdZsk j? fe feskpK dk b/ye e'Jh j'o j?, ekbk ncrkBk dk e/tb
BkT[A tofsnk frnk j? . ndo yks/ fwBoh ekbiK dhnK
fijVhnK ;z;EktK frnkBh Gkr f;zx ih g[s gBkjh eo ojhnK ;B
T[j' jh ekbk ncrkBK dh fgZm s/ yVhnK jB . frnkBh Gkr f;zx B{z
gE ftu'A S/eD fgZS'A fwBoh ekbiK B/ n?bkBhnK efj fdZsk fe
n;hA efp:' pku p/Bsh uT[gJh B{z pkDh ;thekod/ jK i' T[BQK tb'A
gqeks r[NfenK ftu fBozso Sg ojh j? .
ekbk ncrkBK d/ gE ftu'A S/eD d/ j[ew Bkw/ fgS'A fJzdo
f;zx xZrk ns/ fJ; d/ ;kEhnK ;w/s fwBoh ekbi fdZbh d/
eosk ;[oihs f;zx fwBoh B{z SZv e/ pkeh fwBoh ekbiK B/ dV
tZN bJh j? ns/ ekbk ncrkBk dk pdb Y{zY ojhnK jB sK i' fe;/
j'o d/ w'fYnK d/ oZy e/ pzd{e ubkJh ik ;e/ .

fJzdo

f;zx

xZrk

n?Av

gkoNh

tb'A

ftd/K

ftu

ikg[ ;kfjp ;[Xk ;tZ:/ ns/ efpU pku p/Bsh u"gJh fto[X e{V
gquko eoB eoe/ ns/ j'o soetkdh ekwo/vh ;'u B{z goBkJhnK
rshftXhnK ekoD, ftd/K s'A fwbhnK fog'oNK s/ iE/dko ;qh nekb
sys ;kfjp d/ ;w{j r[od[nkfonK ndo fJBQK d/ p'bD s/ gkpzdh brk
fdZsh . cb;o{g fwBoh ekbi tkfbnK B/ nihs nypko ns/
r[of;y c[bktVh ftu fpnkB d/ fdZsk fe ;kvk fJzdo f;zx xZr/ Bkb
ed/ e'Jh tk;sk BjhA fojk id fe fJzdo f;zx fwBoh ekbi dh
sBykj s/ gbdk fojk j? . fJj n;bh feodko j? T[BQK pzfdnK dk
fiBQK B/ ;qh d;w rqzE fto[X e{V gquko dk j?doh Mzvk u[Zfenk j'fJnk
j? .
;g'e;w?B ns/ fwBoh ekbi tkfbnK B/ ekbk ncrkBk B{z
;dh dk ;G s'A q/N f;Zy ns/ f;yh dh nek rzrk dk Xq{ skok
n?bkB oZfynk j? . pbfe fJzdo f;zx xZrk sK efj fojk j? fe GkJh
ekBQ f;zx s'A fgS'A gE ftu i/ e'Jh ftdtkB g?dk j'fJnk j? sK T[j
ekbk ncrkBk j? . fJ; s'A fJe edw j'o nZr/ ik e/ nkydk j? fe
j[D d[BhnK ekBQ f;zx BkGk B{z Gh G[b ikt/rh .
n;hA gkmeK B{z fJ; Xq{ sko/ dh n;bhns ikD{ eokT[Dk
nkgDk co ;wMd/ jK sK i' f;y ;zrsK ;jh fBoDk b? ;eD . fJBQK
dk iBw 1922 ftu j'fJnk . pugB fbQk fwN r[woh uZe BzzL 3914/2 r[fonk . fibk w[bskB d/ Bro whnK u[zB{z s'A d;thA gk;
ehsh . 1947 ftu gkfe;skB pDB fgS'A r[odk;g[o d/ fgv ekbk
ncrkBk fNekDk pDkfJnk . g[fb; ftu f;gkjh Gosh j' rJ/ ns/
soZeh eod/ n?;an?uaUa (g[fb; fJz;g?eNo) pD rJ/ .

wkf;e ykb;k yv/Xko d/ Btzpo 2003 ftu Sg/ b/y

nB[;ko gfjbK izfvnkb/ r[o{ e/ EkD/ nwkBs ftu fynkBs eoB d/
d' nXhB fJ; s/ Xkok 509 nkJhagha;ha fwsh 1-9-72 B{z
n?cankJhankoa 35 BzL 352 doi j'Jh . fJ; fgS'A fpibh w[bkwK
Bkb MrVk eoB Bkb cfsjrVQ u{VhnK EkD/ ftu Xkok 224, 225,
332, 353, ns/ 186 nkJhaghan?;a nXhB fwsh 9-9-1973 B{z
n?cankJhankoa BzL 83 doi j'Jh . nkyho ftu fots d/ e/; ftu
id fJj EkDk yoV ftu n?;an?uaUa ;h Xkok 161 nkJhaghan?;a
nXhB n?cankJhankoa BzL 37-1980 ns/ 71-80 doi j'JhnK .
kfi nXhB iwkBs fwbD s/ fJj ;zs ioB?b f;zx fGzvoK tkfbnK
dh ;hankJhavha eoB bJh dopko ;kfjp uZb/ rJ/ . wkBk tkb/ eKv
fgS'A ;zsK d/ eq'gh s'A puD bJh e?B/vk ub/ rJ/ .
e?B/vk

ftu

ykb;k

dhtkB

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d/

r[od[nkok

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T[wo ftu r[od[nkok ;kfjp d/ ndo jh fiE/ fJ; dh gsBh ns/
bVeh Gh ;h soBihs e"o G[bo Bkwh phph Bkb nB?fse fpUjko
eoB bJh ew/Nh B/ fJ; B{z r[od[nko/ ftu'A eZY fdZsk . fJ; s'A fJBQK B/
fpqN e'bzphnk dh fteN'ohnk e'oN dk dotkk ik yVekfJnk . fiE/
fJ; dk e;{o f;X j'D s/ cotoh 1992 ftu gi jko e?B/vhnB
vkbo i[owkBk eoe/ e/; ykoi eo fdZsk . e'oN d/ c?;b/ dh ekgh
n;hA ;zrsK d/ frnkB bJh Bkb brk oj/ jK .
fwBoh ekbiK ns/ ;g'e;w?B d/ pDkJ/ f;yh d/ nek rzrk
d/ Xq{ sko/ dh n;bh c'N' ;zrsK B/ d/y fbZsh, pkeh i[zvbh pko/ ;zrsK
nkg jh fBoDk b? b?D fe d;w rqzE d/ fbykoh GkJh wBh f;zx jhd,
pkpk dhg f;zx jhd ns/ j'o d;w rqzE B{z wBD tkb/ r[o{ e/

fgnkfonK ;kjwD/ fJj eh j?;hns oZyd/ jB ns/ fJBQK dh goy

e;tZNh feE/ sZe mhe j? ni/j/ pzfdnK bJh r[opkDh efj ojh j? L
nX/ nebh pkjo/ fenk fsB f;T[ ejhn? ..
fpB r[o gE B ;{MJh fes fpfX fBopjhn? ..
y'N/ eT[ yok ej? yo/ ;ko B ikD? ..
nX/ ek BkT[A gkoy{ ebh ekb ftvkD? ..
;{s/ eT[ ikrs ej? ikrs eT[ ;{sk ..
ihts eT{ w{nk ej? w{J/ BjhA o'sk ..
nkts eT{ iksk ej? iks/ eT[ nkfJnk ..
go eh eT[ nkgBh ej? nkgB' BjhA GkfJnk ..
whm/ eT[ eT[Vk ej? eT[V/ eT[ whmk ..
oks/ dh fBzdk eofj n?;/ efb wfj vhmk ..
u/oh eh ;/tk eo? mke[o BjhA dh;? ..
g'yo Bho fto'bhn? wkyB[ BjhA oh;? ..
ne 229

gq'a ;kfjp f;zx ih d;w/-pkDh pko/

g'qa ;kfjp f;zx ih dk Bkw f;Zy irs ftu fJe f;sko/ tKr
o"B j? . T[BQK B/ ;kok ihtB r[opkDh d/ ftnkeoDe s/ f;XKse
gfjb{nK B{z d/yd/ j'J/ Nhek ns/ fJfsjk;e gfjb{nK B{z d/yd/ j'J/ eJh
j'o g[;seK Gh fbyhnK jB . fBsB/w ns/ nfwqs ;zuko ;w/A gVQhnK
ikD tkbhnK pkDhnK, ikg[ ;kfjp s/ ;t:? Gh Nhek ehs/ jB, go
p/jZd o[MkB iK fe;/ tiQk eoe/ T[j u"gJh dk Nhek Bk eo ;Ze/ . pZ;
fJzBhA rZb dk BkikfJ nk;ok b? e/ d;w rqzE ;kfjp pko/ p/b'Vk tkd
fttkd S/VB tkb/ efj fdzd/ jB, fe p/Bsh u"gJh d;w/ ouBk
BjhA, fJ; eoe/ jh gq'a ;kfjp f;zx ih B/ fJ;dk Nhek BjhA ehsk .
gq'a ;kfjp f;zx ih dk d;w/ pkDhnK pko/ eh ftuko ;h <, fJE/
fJjh f;ZX eoB dk :sB, T[BQK d/ nkgD/ jh bcK ftu ehsk ik
fojk j? . f;zx pqdo tZb'A Skgh fBsB/w ;Nhe d/ ga 100 T[go
ikg[ ;kfjp dk Nhek gq'a ;kfjp f;zx ih fJ; soQK [o{ eod/ jB L
ikg[ .. ;qh w[y tke gkfskjh 10
10.. noE L- gkfskjh
d;thA ih d/ gftZso w[y dk tke . aaaJ/;/ soQK gkfskjh 10
10 ftu
nze 10
10 dk gkm d; n[ZX j?, d;thA gkm mhe j?, fJ;dk Gkt fJj
j?, i' pkDh j[D gVQB bZr/ jK, T[j d;t/A gkfskj ih dh j? . nodk;
d/ gfjb/ pd tZb Gh jo/e f;Zy dk yk; fXnkB d/Dk o{oh j?, T[j
pd fJT[A jB L
1> tkfjr[o{ ih eh csfj .. ;qh GrT[sh ih ;jkJ/ ..
gkfskjh 10 .. J/E/ pd gkskjh 10 dk Gkt fJj j? fe nodk;
fgqEw GrT[sh s'A b? e/ ;G EkJhA j'fJ ;jkfJ sZe ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ih dh T[ukoh j'Jh j? .. J/E/ ne 10 dk gkm d; eoBk n[ZX j?,
[ZX gkm d;thA j? . aaajK, nodk; tkbh pkDh ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih

dh T[ukoh j'Jh j?, fJ; tk;s/ fJ;d/ [o{ ftu gVQBk j? ;qh w[ytke
gkfskjh d;thA .
gq'a ;kfjp f;zx ih dh fJe j'o, f;zx pqdo tZb'A Skgh g[;se,
ihtB fpqsKs r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih j? . ga 88 s/ GzrkDh :[ZX pko/
fbyd/ j'J/, T[j fw;kb fdzd/ jB L
fJfsjk;e rtkjh-izr s'A fgZS'A S/ wjhB/ j'o ;fsr[o{ ih
gkT[AN/ ;kfjp jh fNe/ oj/ . GzrkDh dh izr dk ;kok jkb T[BQK T[E/ jh
pho-o;-Goh eftsk ftu fbfynk, i' pfusq BkNe d/ nZmt/A
nfXnkJ/ ftu do j? .
g'qa ;kfjp f;zx ih fJ;/ g[;se d/ gL 92 s/ fbyd/ jB L
t/b/ dh ;zGkb-go fBo/ jfEnko fe;/ ezw BjhA, i/ jfEnko
cVQB tkb/ wB[Zy d/ ndo pho o; dk j[bkok BjhA . fit/A
r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp B/ ;qh nekb sys ;kfjp dh fJwkos pDtk e/,
T[;d/ ;kjwD/ YkvhnK gk;'A i'fXnK dhnK tkoK d/ gq;zr
[o{ eotkJ/ ;B, fst/A r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ Gh ehsk . aaaaowkfJD
ns/ wjKGkos d/ izrK dhnK ;dhnK s'A g[okDhnK eEktK ;z;feqs
ftu fbyhnK w"i{d ;B . ;fsr[o{ ih B/ T[BQK B{z Bt/A ;Zu/ ftu Ykb e/
Bt/A o{g ftu fbnKdk .
ga 105 T[go gq'a ;kfjp f;zx ih fbyd/ jB L
j[;?B ykBaaapfusq BkNe d/ :koQt/A nfXnkfJ ftu
j[;?Bh :[ZX d/ Bkw j/m fJ; izr dk feo j? . ;fsr[o{ ih tZb'A G/i/
j'J/ e[ZM f;Zy Gh GkJh ;zrshJ/ ;w/s jhd j'J/ . fJj :[ZX ;zB
1688-89 d/ f;nkb ftu j'fJnk ;h .
fco fJ;/ g[;se d/ gL 127 s/ gq'a ;kfjp f;zx fbyd/ jBL
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih fJB;kBh ihtB Bkb ;zpzX oZyD tkb/
eJh n;{bK dk ;q'fsnK ns/ doeK d/ wBK ftu v{zxk gqGkt gkD bJh

jk;-o; d/ e"se iK puB tosk fdnk eod/ ;B. pqkjwDK dk eq'X

wZmk eoB bJh ;fsr[o{ ih T[BQK B{z jZ; e/ nkyD bZr/ fe ;kB{z s[jkvk
u/sk BjhA ;h fojk . r[o{ gkskj B/ sK ow Go/ sohe/ Bkb T[BQK
Bz{ ;wMkfJnk ;h fe u/sk T[jBK pko/ jh ft;odk j?, fizBQK dh b'V Bk
oj/, go T[j ni/ Gh nkgDk jZe iskT[D' B Nb/ . nkyo ;fsr[o{ ih B/
y[ZbQ/ bcK ftu pqkjwDK B{z efj fdZsk, fe ;/tk eokT[D dk jZe T[BQK
dk jh j[zdk j?, fizBQK B/ nkgDk nkg d{finK bJh e[opkB eo fdZsk
j't/, fijV/ d[yhnK rohpK dh ykso f;o sbh T[s/ oZyh fcod/ j'D .
s[;K T[u-kshJ/ pqkjwDK B/ ;dhnK s'A eo'VK pzfdnK B{z {do nky
nky e/ g?oK j/m bskfVnk j'fJnk ;h . r[o{ BkBe gkskj nkJ/,
T[jBK dk ;Zdk ;[De/ fJzBQK b'eK B/ s[jkvh r[bkwh dk i{bk bkj[D
bJh f;o sbh T[s/ oZy fbnk . s[;hA fJBQK B{z nkgD/ Bkb'A BhthA ksh
d/ ;wMd/ j', go n;b ftu fJjh jB dkB ;/tk d/ n;bh jZedko,
feT[Afe fJBQK B/ nkgDk ;G e[ZM d{finK dh ykso e[opkB ehsk
j'fJnk j? . fJj ;[D e/ pqkjwDK dk bZe N[ZN frnk, fe ikrh iBsk B{z
b[ZND d/ nt;o xNd/ ik oj/ jB . ;fsr[o{ ih B/ j/m fby/ ;t?:/
nfes ehs/ L-

i' feS[ b/y fbfy:' fpXBk ;'Jh gkJhns fwq i{ 'e[ fBtko' ..
w/o' eS{ ngokX BjhA r:' :kfd s/ G{fb B e'g[ fusko' ..
pkr' fBjkbh gm? d? j"A nki Gb/ s[w e' fBju? ihn Xko' ..
fBjko'' ..1..
Ssq ;G? feqs fpgqB e/ fJBj{ g? eNkS feqgk e/ fBjko
i[X fis/ fJBjh e/ gq;kfd fJBjh e/ gq;kfd ;[ dkB eo/ ..
nx Ux No? fJB jh e/ gq;kfd fJBjh eh feqgk c[B Xkw Go/ ..
fJB jh e/ gq;kfd ;[fpfdnk bJh fJB jh eh feqgk ;G ;sq wo/ ..
fJB jh feqgk e/ ;i/ jw j?A BjhA w' ;' rohp eo'o go/ ..2..
;/t eoh fJB jh eh Gkts n"o eh ;/t ;[jks B ih e' ..

dkB d:' fJB jh e' Gb' nT[o nkB e' dkB B bkrs Bhe' ..
nkr/ cb? fJB jh e' d:' ir w? i;[ nT[o d:' ;G che' ..
w' frqj w? sB s/ wB s/ f;o bT[ XB j? ;G jh fJB jh e' ..3..
d'fjok
uNgNkfJ fuZs w? ifoU fsqD fiT[A eo[ZXs j'fJ ..
y'i o'fi e/ j/fs bfr d:' fwq i{ o'fJ ..4..
gq'a ;kfjp f;zx ih fJ;/ g[;se d/ ga 133 s/ fbyd/ jB L
y[bQk nfwqs gouko L- ;fsr[o{ ih dh jdkfJs nB[;ko gi*
fgnkfonK B/ fco Bt/A f;o/ fsnko eoe/ 25 j'o f;zxK B{z nfwqs
SekfJnk . fJ; soQK nrKj nfwqs SeD bJh S/ iZE/ fsnko j' rJ/ .
fJ;/ jh soQK j'o j'o iZE/ fsnko j[zd/ rJ/, ns/ kw sZe gfjb/ jh fdB
jkoK f;zxK B/ nfwqs SZe fbnk .
*nqfws fsnko eoB tkb/ f;zxK tk;s/ o{oh j?, fe T[BQK B{z
gi pkDhnK [pkBh :kd j'D, fijVhnK nfwqs fsnko eoB t/b/
gVQhdhnK jB . T[jBK ftu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dhnK Gh fszB
pkDhnK jB-ikg[, ;t?:/ s/ u"gJh .
fJ; s'A ;[s/ jh nB[wkB bZr iKdk j? fe ;fsr[o{ ih d/ ;w/A
f;Zy ;zrsK ftu r[opkDh [pkBh :kd eoB dk T[skj nkw ;h, ns/
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dhnK pkDhnK Gh nB/eK f;ZyK B{z :kd ;B .
fJ; d;w/ ih d/ ihtB fpqsKs tkbh g[;se d/ ga 212
s/ ;kfjp f;zx dh fbys L
id'A fgv dhB/ s'A fJj ypo fyboBh [o{ j'Jh ;h, fe
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih nkBzdg[o s/ uwe"o dhnK bVkJhnK s'A fgZS'A
wkbt/ ftu nk rJ/ jB, sK eJh j{oh eth Gh w[V nk fwb/, fizBQK B{z
j{o B/ izr d/ yso/ s'A pkjo oZyD bJh nkBzdg[o s'A s'o fdZsk ;h .

d{o'A d{o'A T[skj Bkb f;zxK B{z nkT[AfdnK d/y e/ T[; t/b/ dk fdq
fJT[A fpnkB ehsk j? . (d;w rqzE ftu) L

bZyh izrfb ykb;k, nkfJ dhdko ehs' B/ ..

B// ..
;[D e? ;Zd[ wkjh dk, w/jhA gkDh xkj[ w[Zs' B
fe; jh Bkfb B obhnk ekJh, fJj[ eh "e[ gfJU B/ ..
frnk fcoke fwfbnk fwsq wkjh, sKjh [eo ehs' B/ ..
(d;w rqzE)
j[D gq'a ;kfjp f;zx ih dhnK f;oc d' g[;seK d/yD s'A jh
gsk bZr iKdk j?, fe T[jBK d/ fdb ftu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dhnK
pkDhnK gqsh fezBh oXk ns/ ;fseko dh GktBk ;h . y'i d/ ;zpzX
ftu Gh T[BQK dk e'Jh ;kBh BjhA, ns/ T[BQK B{z pkDhnK pko/ ;G
gsk ;h, fe fejVh pkDh fe;dh j?, ns/ feE'A bJh rJh j? . eh fe;/
soQK dh e'Jh Ze dh r[zikfJ ofj iKdh j? < iK gq'a ;kfjp f;zx fJzB/
jh G'b/ ;B fe T[j fpBK eZ[S d/y/ goy/ d/ jh fbyh rJ/ . Y[ZuoK
vkj[DhnK sK t?;/ jh neb d/ XBh j'D dk ;p{s j[zdk j?, go d;w
rqzE pko/ gq'a ;kfjp f;zx ih dk Bkw ny"sh fto'Xh fXo ti'A tosD dk
e[eow eoBk ;G s'A tZvh w{oysk j? . fi; soQK nykD j? fe e[ZfsnK
d/ bZfenK dfonk gbhs BjhA j[zdk mhe fJ;/ soQK gq'a ;kfjp f;zx ih
dh ;yhns B{z sK e'Jh coe BjhA g?D bZrk, go fJ; M{mh-socdkoh
eoB tkb/ dh neb dk iBkk o{o fBeb iKdk j? .


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placed before them, They all bend their heads before
these scripitures and exclaim -Waheguru Ji ka Khalsa
Waheguru Ji ki Fateh.


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An early european Accounts of Sikhs : By Dr. Ganda

Singh

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nekb sys ;kfjp .

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