Cell Selection and Reselection

3GRPLS (RN3155) Section 4

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Cell Selection and Reselection: Motivation

manual mode indication to user NAS control radio measurements CM requests

PLMN selected PLMN selection and reselection PLMN available automatic mode cell selection and reselection registration area changes location registration location registration response

RRC tasks:
if the UE is in the RRC idle mode

PLMN selection & reselection; Cell selection & reselection; Location registration LR.

TS 25.304:
Idle mode task
subdivided into 3 processes:

if the UE is in the RRC connected mode states: CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH & URA_PCH

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PLMN search

High quality PLMNs

Other found PLMNs

PLMN Id UE NAS

PLMN Id + RSCP/RSSI

UE AS
UTRA: If RSCP > -95 dBm GSM: If RSSI > -85 dBm

Search PLMNs

TS 25.304 & TS 43.022

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PLMN Selection
Switch on Last registered PLMN

in automatic PLMN selection operation mode

Home PLMN
Other PLMNs in decreasing signal quality order

User controlled PLMN list Operator controlled PLMN list

HPLMN Search Period Timer

6 .. 480 minutes Default: 60 minutes

Other high quality PLMNs in random order

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Cell status and special reservations

BCCH SIB3/4: Cell Access Restriction

Cell status & special reservations:

Access Control

Cell - acceptable (limited services*) - suitable (full service set) - barred - reserved#

Access Class barred: (UE access classes 0..9 and 11..15)

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* e.g. Emergency Call (Access Class = 10) in Network w/o Roaming Agreement # e.g. for operator use
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Cell status and special reservations

suitable for selection and reselection Cell barred

Case

Cell Barred not barred not barred not barred barred

Cell reserved for operator not reserved not reserved reserved ---

Cell reserved for future extension not reserved reserved -----

1
2 3 4

suitable for AC 11 or 15 in HPLMN otherwise barred

Not suitable not even for emergency call

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Access Control
Access Class irrelevant for access suitable cell

suitable cell

UE RRC connected
I ignore all Access Class related cell access restrictions when selecting a cell to camp on

Access Control normally used for load reasons: Overload Control feature

UE RRC idle

Access Class only relevant for access

(from RRC IDLE)

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NSN Parameters for Cell Reservations and Restrictions

WCEL: CellBarred Defines whether the cell is barred or not. A barred cell is a cell where a UE is not allowed to camp on. This parameter is part of SIB 3. 0 (Barred), 1 (Not barred); default: 1. WCEL: TBarred If the UE does not select another cell, and the barred cell remains to be the best one, the UE shall after expiry of the time interval Tbarred again check whether the status of the barred cell has changed. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, and 1280] seconds; default: 40 seconds. WCEL: Cell_Reserved Defines whether the cell is reserved for operator use. This parameter is part of SIB 3. 0 (Reserved), 1 (Not reserved); default: 1. WCEL: IntraFreq_Cell_Reselect_Ind Defines whether intra-frequency cell re-selection is allowed when the cell is barred. This parameter is part of SIB 3/4. 0 (Allowed), 1 (Not allowed); default: 0.
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States and State Transition in the RRC Idle Mode

Cell Selection Process
UE
NAS controls
RAT(s) information associated with the selected PLMN forbidden registration areas list of equivalent PLMNs

CN

NAS:

PLMN selection
AS: attempts to find suitable cells

AS controls correspondent procedures

YES

suitable cell found

camped normally

all network services available

NO

limited services camped on any cell e.g. Emergency Call

acceptable cell

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States and State Transition in the RRC Idle Mode

go here whenever a new PLMN is selected cell information stored for the PLMN no cell information stored for the PLMN

Stored Information Cell Selection no suitable cell found suitable cell found

no suitable cell found

Initial Cell Selection

suitable cell found

Cell Selection when leaving connected mode

suitable cell found

no suitable cell found

Camped normally

NAS registration rejected

return to idle mode

leave idle mode

trigger

suitable cell selected

Connected Mode

Cell Reselection Evaluation Process

no suitable cell found

(adopted from TS 25.304)

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States and State Transition in the RRC Idle Mode

go here when no USIM in the UE Any Cell Selection

USIM inserted

no acceptable cell found an acceptable cell found acceptable cell found

Cell Selection when leaving connected mode

Camped on Any Cell

suitable cell found

return to idle mode

leave idle mode trigger

acceptable cell selected no acceptable cell found

Connected Mode (Emergency calls only)

Cell Reselection Evaluation Process

(adopted from TS 25.304)

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Cell Selection Criterion S (in the FDD mode)

Qqualmeas (dB) (CPICH Ec/N0)

Squal > 0

S-Criterion fulfilled
Squal >0 AND Srxlev > 0

QqualMin:
-24...0; def.: -18 dB SIB 11/12

Squal = CPICH Ec/No QqualMin

Qrxlevmin

Qrxlevmeas (dBm) CPICH RSCP

Pcompensation suitabl e cell?

Srxlev =
Qrxlevmeas Qrxlevmin Pcompensation
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Srxlev > 0
AdjsQrxlevmin:
-115...-25; def.:-115 dB SIB 11/12

Cell Selection Criterion S

Cell size defining parameters: Qrxlevmin
Qqualmin Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas Qrxlevmin Pcompensation I am outsid e

I am inside, but have not enough power -50 .. 33 dBm Pcompensation = max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH P_MAX, 0)
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UEtxPowerMaxPRACH
-50..33 dBm; 21 dBm SIB3/4

AdjsQrxlevmin:
-115...-25; def.: -115 dB

(Initial) Cell Selection Process

Once a suitable cell is found this cell is selected

Squal = Qqualmeas Qqualmin > 0

Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas Qrxlevmin Pcompensation > 0

Initial Cell Selection (scan RF channel)

or

Stored Information Cell Selection

carrier, even Scr.Code may be stored in UE

I have to find a suitable cell

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Cell Selection When Leaving the RRC Connected Mode

Active Set cells as candidates for cell selections; if not suitable, then Stored information cell selection

Squal > 0
Srxlev > 0

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NSN Parameters for Cell Selection

WCEL: QrxlevMin The minimum required RX level in the cell. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [-119 ... 25] dBm, step 2 dBm; default: -115 dBm. WCEL: QqualMin The minimum required quality level in the cell (Ec/No). This parameter is part of SIB 3. [-24 ... 0] dB, step 1 dB, default: -18 dB. WCEL: UEtxPowerMaxPRACH This parameter defines the maximum transmission power level a UE can use on PRACH. The value of the parameter also effects the cell selection and reselection procedures. The value of the parameter is sent to UE in the Cell selection and re-selection of SIB 3 and 4 of the serving cell. [..]

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Cell Reselection in the RRC Idle and RRC Connected Mode

HCS in use: HCS not in use:
measurement thresholds S-Criterion fulfilled measurement thresholds S-Criterion fulfilled

for fast moving UEs

cells with lower HCS priority than in serving cell

H-Criterion

for slow moving UEs

If No Cell cells with with H>0 highest HCS accept all Priorities & neighbours H>0

R-Criterion cell ranking

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R-Criterion cell ranking

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R-Criterion cell ranking

Hierarchical Cell Structures

Priority

3 3 3 1
2 3 3 3 2

Normally, different layers are created using different frequencies

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Cell reselection without HCS

Normal re-selection process (without HCS) follows simplified procedure
Measurement criteria without HCS S-criteria R-criteria

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Cell reselection without HCS

Neighbour list from BCCH
Measurement criteria

Measured neighbours
S criteria Suitable neighbours R criteria Best ranked cell Re-selection if not serving cell

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Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules

SsearchRAT m Sintersearch Sintrasearch
Sx=Squal (in FDD mode)

Intrafrequency Interfreqency Inter-RAT

Intra-frequency Inter-frequency

Intrafrequency

No need to measure neighbour cells

Squal = CPICH Ec/No -qQualMin

EC/N0 =

-14 dB
SintraSearch: 0...20; def.: 10 dB SinterSearch: 0...20; def.: 8 dB Ssearch_RAT: 0...20; def.: 4 dB
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-10 dB

-8 dB

Example: NSN Qqualmin = -18 dB, Sintrasearch = 10dB, Sintersearch = 8dB, Ssearch_RAT = 4dB
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When to perform measurements

QqualMin: -24...0; def.: -18 dB

serving cell

Cell Reselection: R-Criterion

Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts
Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n Qmeas
WCDMA & GSM cells; RxLev:

Rn > Rs =>cell reselection 1st Ranking

Qhyst1 Adjg,s,iQoffset1
-50.. 50; def.: 0 dB

Qmeas,n

Rn

Qmeas,s Qhysts

0.. 40; def.: 0 dB

Rs Qoffsets,n
Treselection
Qmeas = Ec/No or RSCP Ec/No Qhyst2 / RSCP Qhyst1 Rs / Rn: Serving / Neighbouring cell value
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FDD cells & Ec/No: 2nd Ranking

AdjisQoffset2
-50.. 50; def.: 0 dB

Qhyst2
0.. 40; def.: 2 dB

NSN Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part I)

WCEL: UseOfHCS This parameter indicates whether the serving cell belongs to a Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS). This parameter is part of SIB 11/12. 0 (HCS not used), 1 (HCS in use); default: 0. WCEL: Sintrasearch The threshold for intra-frequency measurements, and for the HCS measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 10 dB. WCEL: Sintersearch The threshold for inter-frequency measurements, and for the HCS measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 8 dB.

WCEL: Ssearch_RAT The RAT-specific threshold for inter-RAT measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 4 dB.

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Cell reselection with HCS

Normal re-selection process (without HCS) follows procedure
Measurement criteria without HCS S-criteria H-criteria R-criteria

HCS specific H-criteria defines whether priorities are applied in re-selection

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Cell reselection with HCS

UseOfHCS
0 (not used), 1 (used) SIB 11/12

Neighbour list from BCCH

Measured neighbours Suitable neighbours

Measurement criteria with HCS S criteria

HCS_PRIO
0 (lowest) .. 7(highest); step: 1 SIB 11/12

H criteria

Neighbours to rank
R criteria

Prioritized neighbours

Best ranked cell Re-selection if not serving cell

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Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules

BCCH SI: HCS is used

if Srxlevs > SsearchHCS

SsearchRAT m
EC/N0 = -14 dB

Sx=Squal (in FDD mode)

SlimitsearchRAT m

Sintersearch
-10 dB

Sintrasearch
-8 dB

Intra-frequency Inter-frequency

Srxlevs SsearchHCS OR Squal Sintersearch

RSCP = -115 dBm

Equal & higher HCS priority Intrafrequency Interfrequency

Higher HCS priority Intra-frequency Inter-frequency

Squal = CPICH Ec/No - QqualMin

QqualMin: -24...0; def.: -18 dB SIB 11/12

if

Srxlevs SsearchHCS
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas Qrxlevmin

SsearchHCS
-1..91; def.: -1 dB* SIB3

AdjsQrxlevmin: -115...-25; def.: -115 dB SIB 11/12

Example: NSN Sintrasearch = 10 dB, Sintersearch = 8 dB, Ssearch_RAT = 4 dB, SsearchHCS = -1 dB

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*negative values are set to 0 by UE

Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules

HCS; Inter-RAT measurements?

if Srxlevs > SHCS,RATm

EC/N0 =

Sx=Squal (in FDD mode)

SsearchRAT m SlimitsearchRAT m Sintersearch Sintrasearch

-14 dB

Intrafrequency Inter-freqency

Inter-RAT

Intrafrequency, Interfrequency, & Intra-frequency Equal and Inter-frequency higher HCS priority inter RAT
-16 dB or

Equal & higher HCS priority Intrafrequency Interfrequency

Higher HCS priority Intra-frequency Inter-frequency

Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas Qrxlevmin

AdjsQrxlevmin: -115...-25; def:. -115 dB SIB 11/12

RSCP

-115 dBm

Slimit,SearchRAT 0..20; def.: 2 dB

SIB3

if Srxlevs SHCS,RATm measure on all Inter-RAT cells

SHCS_RAT -1..91; def.:-1 dB*

SIB3

Example: NSN Sintrasearch = 10 dB, Sintersearch = 8 dB, Ssearch_RAT = 4 dB, Slimit, searchRAT = 2 dB SsearchHCS = -1dB, SHCS_RAT = -1dB

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*negative values are set to 0 by UE

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NSN Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part II)

WCEL: SHCS_RAT The RAT specific threshold for inter-RAT measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [-1 ... 91] dB, step 2 dB, default: -1 dB (UE sets this value to 0). WCEL: Slimit_SearchRAT Threshold for skipping inter-RAT measurement rules in HCS. Above this RAT specific threshold in the serving UTRA cell, the UE does not need to perform any inter-RATm measurements. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 2 dB. WCEL: SsearchHCS Threshold for intra- and inter-frequency measurement rules in HCS. Below this limit in the serving cell, the UE initiates measurements of all intra and interfrequency neighbouring cells of the serving cell. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [-1 ... 91] dB, step 2 dB, default: -1 dB (UE sets this value to 0).

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Measurement Rules with HCS and fast moving UEs

NCR/TCRmax
Example: NSN
NCr: 1..16; def.: 8; SIB3 TCrmax: not used, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 s; def.: 60s; SIB3

TCrmaxhyst: not used; 10..70; 10; SIB3

time
measurement rules for slow moving UEs fast moving UE

TCrmaxHyst

measurement rules for slow moving UEs

measurement rule for fast moving UEs

NCR = cell reselections threshold (default: 8) TCRmax = time period

measures neighbouring cells with

equal or lower HCS priority
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priorizes cells with lower

HCS priority for re-selection

NSN Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part III)

WCEL: NCr This parameter defines the maximum number of cell reselections. If the number of cell reselections during the TCrmax time period exceeds the value of NCr, high mobility has been detected. Not used if TCrmax equals 'not used. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [1 ... 16], default: 8. WCEL: TCrmax The duration for evaluating the allowed amount of cell reselections. If the number of cell reselections during the time period defined by Tcrmax exceeds Ncr, high mobility has been detected. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 (= not used), 30, 60, 120, 180, 240] seconds, default: 60 seconds. WCEL: TCrmaxHyst Cell reselection hysteresis for reverting from UE high-mobility measurements. The additional time period before UE reverts to low-mobility measurements. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 (= not used), 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70] seconds, default: 0 seconds.

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Cell Reselection: H-Criterion (slow moving UE)

HCS is in use: Candidates for cell re-selection?

measurement thresholds S-Criterion fulfilled H-Criterion

Hs = Qmeas,s Qhcss Hn = Qmeas,n - Qhcsn TOn * Ln

Qhcs#: -24..0; def.: -24 dB TOn: temporary Offset during Penalty Time; 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 100 dB; Infinity; def: 3

H-Criterion !

for fast moving UEs

cells with lower HCS priority than in serving cell

cells with

H>0
only cells with highest HCS priorities &

for slow moving UEs

no cells with H>0

accept all Neighbours*

H>0

R-Criterion cell ranking

* id. to HCS not in use
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R-Criterion cell ranking

#AdjgHCSthreshold:-110..-37;

R-Criterion cell ranking

def.: -110 dB

Cell Reselection: H-Criterion (slow moving UE) and TOn

Penalty_Timen : 0..60; def.: 0s

Hs = Qmeas,s Qhcss Hn = Qmeas,n - Qhcsn TOn * Ln

temp. offset used only when neighbour has different priority than serving cell

Qmeas,n - Qhcsn

PENALTY_TIMEn

PENALTY_TIMEn

0
H-Criterion: H>0 TOn TOn time
TOn: temporary Offset during Penalty Time; Adji/g/sTempOffset1 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 100 dB; Infinity Ln = 0, if HCS_Prion = HCS_Prios = 1, if HCS_Prion HCS_Prios

TOn = 0 Start Tn Stop Tn

TOn = 0 Start Tn Example: HCS_PRIOn <> HCS_PRIOs => Ln = 1

TOn = TEMP_OFFSETn * W(PENALTY_TIMEn Tn)

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NSN Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part IV)

WCEL: HCS_PRIO This parameter defines the HCS priority level for a cell. Value 0 indicates the lowest HCS priority and value 7 indicates the highest HCS priority. [0 ... 7], default: 0. WCEL: QHCS Quality threshold level for applying prioritised hierarchical cell re-selection for a cell. Part of HCS Serving cell information (Qhcss). This parameter is part of SIB 3. [-24 ... 0] dB, step 0.5 dB, default: -24 dB. HOPS: AdjsHCSthreshold Defines the threshold level which must be exceeded by the CPICH Ec/No of the intrafrequency neighbouring cell before the hierarchical cell re-selection becomes possible (Qhcsn). [-24 ... 0] dB, step 0.5 dB, default: -24 dB. HOPI: AdjiHCSthreshold: [-24 ... 0] dB, step 0.5 dB, default: -24 dB. HOPG: AdjgHCSthreshold: [-110 ... -37] dBm, step 1 dBm, default: -110 dBm.
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NSN Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part IV)

HOPS: AdjsTempOffset1 This parameter is used in the cell ranking between cells when the intra-frequency neighbour cell has the same HCS priority level as the serving cell. [3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 100 (Infinity)] dB, default: 3 dB. HOPI: AdjiTempOffset1, HOPG: AdjgTempOffset1 HOPS: AdjsTempOffset2 This parameter is used in the cell ranking between WCDMA cells when the intra-frequency neighbour cell has the same HCS priority level as the serving cell. [2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 100 (Infinity)] dB, default: 2 dB. HOPI: AdjiTempOffset2 HOPS: AdjsPenaltyTime Defines the time period during which the Temporary Offset 1/2 is applied in the cell reselection procedure for the intra-frequency neighbour cell in question. [0 ... 60] seconds, step 10 seconds, default: 0. HOPI: AdjiPenaltyTime, HOPG: AdjgPenaltyTime

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Cell Reselection: R-Criterion and TOn

Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n - TOn * (1 Ls)
temp. offset used only when neighbour has same priority than serving cell

PENALTY_TIMEn

PENALTY_TIMEn

TOn TOn Qmeas,s

TOn = 0 Start Tn TOn=0 Stop Tn Start Tn

TOn = TEMP_OFFSETn * W(PENALTY_TIMEn Tn)

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Example: HCS_PRIOn = HCS_PRIOs => Ln = 0

Cell Reselection: R-Criterion

Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n - TOn * (1 Ls) Qmeas
WCDMA &GSM; RxLev:
Qhyst1 0.. 40; def.: 0 dB Adjg,s,iQoffset -50.. 50; def.: 0 dB

Rn > Rs => cell reselection

1st Ranking

Qmeas,n

Rn

Qmeas,s Qhysts

Rs

Qoffsets,n
Treselection: 0..31; default: 2s
FDD cells & Ec/No: 2nd Ranking
Adji&sQoffset2 -50.. 50; def.: 0 dB Qhyst2 0.. 40; def.: 2 dB

Example: HCS_PRIOn <> HCS_PRIOs => Ln = 1

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NSN Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part V)

WCEL: Qhyst1 (Qhyst2) Qhyst1 is used for TDD and GSM cells, and for FDD cells when cell selection and reselection quality measure is set to CPICH RSCP (CPICH Ec/No) (Qhyst1s/ Qhyst2s). This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 40] dB, step 2 dB, default: Qhyst1 = 0 dB, Qhyst2 = 2 dB. HOPS: AdjsQoffset1 (AdjsQoffset2) This parameter is used in the cell re-selection and ranking between WCDMA cells. The value of this parameter is subtracted from the measured CPICH RSCP (CPICH Ec/No) of the intra-frequency neighbour cell before the UE compares the quality measure with the cell re-selection/ranking criteria. [-50 ... 50] dB, default: 0 dB. HOPS: AdjsQoffset1 (AdjsQoffset2), HOPG: AdjgQoffset1 WCELL: Treselection The UE triggers the reselection of a new cell if the cell reselection criteria are fulfilled during the time interval Treselection. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 31] seconds, default: 2 seconds. The remaining parameters were already specified under NSN Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part IV).
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Cell Reselection: Measurement Requirements Serving Cell

DRX cycle

S
Nserv

start measurement on all neighbouring cells

12 seconds

if UE RRC idle UE initiates cell selection procedures for the selected PLMN

DRX cycle

At least one
CPICH Ec/Io measurement CPICH RSCP measurement S criterion evaluation
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if still no suitable cells

UE out of service area if UE in CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH or URA_PCH

Cell Reselection: Measurement Intra-frequency Cells

Intra-frequency cell Serving cell

3 dB

TmeasureFDD cycle
At least one
CPICH Ec/Io measurement, or CPICH RSCP measurement
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time UE is capable of evaluating that an intra-frequency cell has become better ranked (if Treselection = 0) within TevaluateFDD

Cell Reselection: Measurement Inter-frequency Cells

Inter-frequency cell Serving cell

3 dB for CPICH Ec/Io 5 dB for CPICH RSCP

(Ncarrier-1) * TmeasureFDD cycle At least one

CPICH Ec/Io measurement or CPICH RSCP measurement
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time UE is capable of evaluating that an inter-frequency cell has become better ranked (if Treselection = 0) within (Ncarrier -1) * TmeasureFDD

Cell Reselection: Measurement Requirements + GSM Cells

TmeasureGSM Each GSM neighbour
GSM BCCH carrier RSSI

30 seconds

BSIC at least every 30 seconds for each of the 4 strongest GSM BCCH carriers

DRX cycle length [s] 0.08 0.16 0.32 0.64 1.28 2.56 5.12

Nserv [number of DRX cycles] 4 4 4 4 2 2 1

TmeasureFDD [s] TevaluateFDD [s] (number of (number of DRX cycles) DRX cycles) 0.64 (8 DRX cycles) 2.56 (32 DRX cycl) 0.64 (4) 1.28 (4) 1.28 (2) 1.28 (1) 2.56 (1) 5.12 (1) 2.56 (16) 5.12 (16) 5.12 (8) 6.4 (5) 7.68 (3) 10.24 (2)

TmeasureGSM [s] (number of DRX cycles) 2.56 (32 DRX cycl) 2.56 (16) 5.12 (16) 5.12 (8) 6.4 (5) 7.68 (3) 10.24 (2)

In idle mode, UE supports DRX cycles lengths 0.64, 1.28, 2.56 and 5.12 s
(DRX cycle length table source: TS 25.133 V3.11.0 chap. 4.2.2.1)
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Cell Reselection: Maximum Interruption in Paging Reception

intra-frequency inter-frequency inter-RAT 50 ms 50 ms TSI

50 ms

TBCCH

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