Marung U

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf
ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmf
xGef;a&Tckdif
rmwdum
ajrmufO;D rdwq
f uf
yx0Dtaetxm;
9-13
14-16
wnfae&m? &moDOwk? obm0aygufyif? ouf&Sdrsm;? c&D;oGm;vrf;Tef
trsKd;? bmom? omoem
17-20
orkdif;? pOfvm? ac:wGifjcif;? *pye'D
&ckid af &S;a[mif;NrKd Uawmfrsm;
21-30
"n0wD? a0omvD? uefokH;qifh? eDvmyef;awmif;? ausmufyef;awmif;?

oydwfawmif? pr0uf? yOm? avmif;Muuf? yk&def? Ncdwf? ae&O&mawmifil
ajrmufO;D a&TNrKd Uawmf
31-34
eef;awmf&m&SmykHawmf? NrdKUwnf? eef;wnf? vuFmtzGJUtEGJUrsm;? 35-37?
eef;awmf&muke;f
35-37
tus,ft0ef;? twkdif;twm? wHwkdif;rsm;? eef;awmf&m? eef;"avhxkH;pHrsm;?

twdwfrSt&dyfrsm;
38-43
a&Teef;awmfBu;D
44-50
crf;em;x,f0gvSonfh a&Teef;awmf? eef;OD;aqmif? a&Tpifa&Tom; cef;vkH;jynhf

]]a&Tcef;raqmifBuD;}} ? yJcl;rif;orD;oQifaxG;aESmif;zGJUEGJUxm;onfh ajrmufOD;
a&Teef;awmfykd'fpkH&wk?
NrKd Uk;d ? usK;H ? cHwyfrsm;
51-55
enf;AsL[majrmufa&wHcg;t&Sifrsm;? usKH;'kd? usKH;ajcmuf? usKH;yifv,f? EGHusKH;rsm;

acwfrDtajrmufBuD;rsm; wyfqifxm;onfh cHwyfBuD;rsm;? ausmufom;NrdKUkd;rsm;/
usr;f *efvmNrKd Uwnfcef;
56-60
[l;&m;ynm&SdwkdY\ vQKd0Sufqef;us,faom NrdKUwnfcef;/
rif;tqufqufw\
Ydk umuG,af &; tpDtrHrsm;
61-63
e,fcsJU&efukd tBudfrfBudrfawGU&NyD;aemufwGif umuG,f&if; wnfaqmuf?

wnfaqmufa&; &efumuG,fcJh&ykHrsm;?
ajrmufO;D trnf ac:wGijf cif;/

pD;yGm;a&;
64
74-83
qefa&pyg; ayg<u,f0jcif;? vlaus;uRefrStp qifwpfaumifvkH;xd 0,f,l&&Sdaom

ajrmufOD;a&TNrdKUawmfokdY tdEd,? tm&yf? oD&dvuFm? ay:wluD? 'wfcsf? ta&SUawmiftm&S
,latpD,ifEkdifiHrsm; ukefoG,f&ef vma&mufMujcif;/ '*Fg;oGef;vkyfylaZmfjcif;? aiGaMu;
vJvS,faom aps;uGuf? vGwfvyf rQwaom pD;yGm;a&;pepf? tcGeftaumufpepfusjcif;
uif;vGwfjcif;/
tkycf sKyfa&;
84-101
e,fy,fcGJ tkyfcsKyfjcif;? &mxl;? *kPfxl;rsm;? &mxl;tvkduftaqmifta,mifrsm;?

"robif? jzwfxkH;rsm;? usihf0wfrsm;? w&m;kH;rsm;? rQwaom tkyfcsKyfa&;pepf

bmoma&;
3
102-125
ax&0g' Ak'omoemawmfBuD; xGef;um;a&;twGuf aqmif&Gufcsuf omoem

'g,umrif;jrwftjzpf cH,ljcif;/ Ak',Ofaus;rIEsihf bdodfufawmfr*Fvm?
Ak',Ofaus;srItpOftvm "avhxkH;pHrsm;? omoemb@mawmf ESihf tjcm;aom
bmomrsm;tm; ulnDay;jcif;/
Ekid if aH &;
126-178
acwfNydKiftajctaersm;? ay:wl*De,fcsJUrsm;ESihf &ifqkdifjcif;? 'wfcsfe,fcsJUwkdY\

y&d,m,frsm;? acwfrDtajrmufvufeufrsm; wyfqifxm;onhf &ckdifa&wyfrawmf
b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfBuD;tm; pkd;rkd;xm;onfh a&aMumif;qkdif&m enf;AsL[mrsm;?
qifwyfr? jrif;wyfr? ajcvsifwyfrrsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;onfh &ckdifMunf;wyfrawmf?
e,fcsJUwkdYtm; atmifEkdifjcif;? rif;&mZmBuD; (1593-1612)? rif;carmif;(1612-1622)?
oD&dok"r&mZm(1622-1638)? pEok"r&mZm (1652-74)? r*kdrif;om;jyemESihf
e,fcsJUwkdY\ 0ifa&mufpGufzufrIrsm;/
orkid ;f 0ifxif&mS ;aom bk&m;rsm;
194
(u) ajrmufOD;NrdKU ajrmufbufrsufESmrS bk&m;rsm;

&Spfaomif;bk&m;ausmufpmwkdif-205? &Spfaomif;ykxkd;awmfBuD; 213? tHawmfodrfykxkd;awmfBuD;
224? xkuefodrfykxkd;awmfBuD; 228? av;rsufESmykxkd;awmfBuD; 232? jrwefaqmif
234? rkqw
d af wmfpmwif 234? vifyef;ajymuf 236? xlygkH 237? om&yAwacwf 241? y#duwfwu
dk f
242? jynfpkd;BuD;apwD 243? taemfrm 244? rif;aygif;apwD 245? r[maAm"da&T*l pm 246?
&wempHa&G; 247? &wemrSefuif; 247? &wemodCH 248? &wemrmefatmif 249? r*Fvmrmefatmif
250? eef;OD;bk&m; 251? wyifwkdifeef;&mukef; 251/
(c) ajrmufOD;NrdKU ta&SUjcrf; bk&m;rsm;
240
ousrmefatmifapwD? 252? 0ef;wD;ewfawmif 255? 0if;remukdawmf? 257?
edAKZmapwD 257? bk&m;tkyfapwD? 258? rif;acgif; a&T*l 259? aypdawmifapwD 259?
ukd;aomif;bk&m; 260? OD;awmfaq;uef 262? ajrmufjrif;rkd&feef; 262? aMumifvnf'kH
cHwyf 263? awmifjrif;rkd&feef; 264? &Sdif;p&mppfpcef;? qefwDuefAvD? rif;w&m;jyif266? odrfBuD;a&T*l 267? nDrawmfbk&m; 267-268/
(*) ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmifbuf&dS bk&m;rsm;

a&Tawmif 269? 0oJhbk&m;BuD; 271? Zdermefatmif 272/
(C) ajrmufO;D NrKd U taemufbufjcrf;&Sd bk&m;rsm;

a&TMumodrf 273? avmurmefatmif 274? bk&m;ay: 275?
(i) ajrmufO;D NrKd U taemufawmifbuf&dS bk&m;rsm;

av;wHcg; 280? r*Fvma&T*l 280? ukd;e0if;apwD 281? e&ufpm;apwD 281? r[m0dZ,&HoD 282?
okH;usdyfwpfql 282? r[mxD; 283/
4
ed'gef;
om,mvSyaom IarQmfcif;rsm;ESihf rSwfom;p&m? avhvmp&m? orkdif;0iftaqmuftOD;rsm; jynhfvQrf;

aeaom ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfum; &ckdifwkdif;&if;om;wkdY\ txifu& orkdif;0ifa&S;a[mif;eef;NrdKU wpfNrdKUyif
jzpfayonf/ ajrmufOD;NrdKUwcGifwjyif rnfonfhae&mrQrvyf? IarQmfwkdif;apwD? ykxkd;? odrf? ausmif;? Z&yf?
omoedutaqmuftOD;rsm;ukd pD&&D? omarmbG,f IjrifEkdifayonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfokdY a&mufzl;Muaom Oa&mywkdufom;rsm;tzkdY ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmftm; ]]a&TNrdKUawmf}}
(The Golden City) [lvnf;aumif;? ]]apwDykxkd;NrdKUawmf}}(Land of Pagodas) [lvnf;aumif; ac:qkd
uif;yGef;wyfMuonf/ *kPfjyKMuonf/ pmayrSwfwrf;vnf; wifMuonf/ ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfokdY a&mufzl;aom
olrsm;tzkdY tcsufukd tHhMordMurnfr[kwfygacs/ xkdacwf xkdtcgu ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfol NrdKUawmfom;rsm;
tzkdY? trSefyif *kPf0ihfEdkifcJhMuayonf/ ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfom; jzpf&onfukd *kPf,lvkdYrqkH; tauseyfBuD;
auseyfcMhJ uayonf/ ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf\ twdwo
f rkid ;f aMumif; aemufco
H nf tcsuu
f dk rD;armif;xk;d jyonfh
tvm; jrifomxifom&Sdonf/ at'D 1430-wGif ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfukd rif;apmrGef wnfaxmifcJhonf/
ajrmufOD;[laomtrnfjzihf ajrmufOD;eef;quforkdif;opfukd zGifhvSpfcJhonf/ at'D 1785-ckESpfxd ESpfaygif;
355ESpw
f mrQ <u,f0csr;f ompGmjzihf tajcwnfwchH o
hJ nf/ ajrmufO;D rwkid rf D xGe;f um;cJah om "n0wD? a0omvD?
pr0uf? yOm? yk&def? avmif;Muuf? Ncdwf? ae&O&mawmif? awmifil? ponfjzihf rif;aeNrdKUawmfBuD;rsm;tjzpf
xGef;um;cJhonf/ ajrmufOD;onf xkdrnfaom bkd;bGm;bDbifwkdYxJrS orkdif;tarGukd qufcHcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
taMumif;ukd tcef;(2)wGif tus,fazmfjyxm;onf/
yx0D0ift& ajrmufOD;NrdKUonf yifv,f0rS 45 rkdifcefY uGma0; ukvm;wefjrpf vufwufwpfck
jzpfaom [if;ca,mfacsmif;\ jrpfnmykdif;wGif wnf&Sdonf/ okdYaomf NrdKUawmfukd 0kdif;&Hxm;aom eufapmuf
aom acsmif;i,frsm;rSwqifh yifv,ful;oabFmrsm;yif 0ifxGufoGm;vmEkdifcJhonf/ ajrykHay:wGifMunhfvQif?
ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmf\ wnfae&mrSm b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfwGif tcsuftcsmusaom NrdKUwpfNrdKUjzpfaMumif;
odomxif&Sm;vSonf/ ukef;aMumif;? a&aMumif; BudKufESpfouf&mjzihf tdrfeD;csif; NrdKUjyEkdifiHrsm;okdY qufoG,fEkdif
onf/ oGm;vmEkdifonf/ odkYtcsuftcsmusaom vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;aMumihf ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfonf
BuD;yGm;a&; wkd;wufzGHUNzdK;rI &Sdovkd? tjcm;wbufwGifvnf; pmay,Ofaus;rI? tEkynmtqifh jrifhrm;cJhjcif;
jzpfayonf/ if;tjyif b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfokdY rsufESmrlwnf&Sdjcif;ESihf tdEd,uRef;qG,fBuD;ESihf e,ferdwf
qufpyfwnf&SdrIonf Ak'omoemawmf pnfyifxGef;um;rIESihf pmay,Ofaus;rItqifh jrifhrm;rItwGuf rsm;pGm
yif taxmuftuljyKcJhaMumif; awGU&onf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfokdY a&mufzl;cJhaom taemufEkdifiHom; csDwif (Schouten) qkdol\rSwfwrf;wGif
]]ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmf\ <u,f0csrf;omrIESihf NrdKUuGufNrdKUwGif;rSm vef'ef? trfpwm'ef paomtaemufwkdif;
Nrd
NrKd UjyBuD
UjyBu;D rsm;ES
rsm;ESihf ,SOfEdkifaMMumif
umif;}} awGU&onf/ oluqufvuf? ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfrSm tm&SwGif tcsrf;omqkH;?
t<u,f0qkH;aom qdyfurf;NrdKUwpfNrdKUjzpfaMumif;? azmfjyxm;ygonf/ odkYaMumihfyif a&TNrdKUawmf (Golden
City)[k wifpm;ac:a0:cJhMujcif; jzpfayrnf/ trSefrSmvnf; emrnfESifh NrdKUawmf vkdufzufvSonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKU tcGiftjyifwGif v,fuGif;BuD;rsm;ukd arsmfwnfrqkH;Ekdifavmufatmif us,fus,fjyefYjyefY awGU&
onf/ ESpfpOfrkd;a&csdefvufr (200)ausmf &GmoGef;wwf? rkd;enf;aom tcsKdUESpfrsm;wGifyif oD;ESHrsm;txGuf
aumif;pGm vkHavmufrQwNrJjzpfonf/ e,fpyfjcif; xdpyfaeaom taemufbuf tdEd,? b*Fvm;a'owGif?
qefa&pyg; &Sm;yg;wwfay&m? ajrmufOD;twGuf qefpyg;wifykdYrIrSm waeYwjcm; wkd;wuf zGHUNzdK;vmcJhavonf/
if;tjyif ukefonfrsm;tm; qGJaqmif&eftvkdYiSm EkdifiHtwGif; 0ifa&mufvmaom ukefypnf; rsm;tay:
tcGefuif;vGwfcGifhjyKxm;ayonf/ enf;jzihf ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfwGif EkdifiHjcm; ukefonf rsm;? oabFmrsm;jzihf
jynhfMuyfpnfum;vsuf &Sdayonf/ EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;xJwGif tdrfeD;csif; tm&SEdkifiHrsm;tjyif e,fomvef?
pydef? ay:wl*Dpaom taemufEkdifiHom; ukefonfrsm;vnf; yg0ifayonf/ okdY te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS

ukefonfrsm; rsKd;pkHyg0if a&muf&SdMuay&m oGif;ukefykdYukefrsm;rSmvnf; pkHvifqef;jym;vSayonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfrS EkdifiHjcm;okdY xkwfukefrsm;teuf ]]qif}}}wifykdYrIrSm xkdpOfu acwftpm;qkH; pdwf0if
pm;zG,t
f aumif;qk;H jzpfonf/ xkpd Ofu qifwaumif\ yku
Yd ek w
f efb;dk rSm aiGom; 1300d^-aps;&So
d nf/ ajrmufO;D
NrdKUawmf\ EkdifiHjcm;ul;oef;a&mif;0,f&m tcsuftcsmae&mjzpfaom atmifwyfqdyfurf;wGif 'wfcsfESihf
ay:wluDwkdYtm; ukefwkdufrsm; zGihfvSpfcGihfjyKxm;onf/ b*Fvm;? tdEd,a'oESihf ta&SUtdEd,uRef;pk qdyfurf;
wpfckckodkY oabFmrsm;jzihf oGm;vm&m ukefoG,fMu&mwGif xkdacwf yifv,ful;oabFmrsm;taejzihf &dumjznhf
wif;&efvnf;aumif;? ukefoG,f&ef tvkdYiSmvnf;aumif;/ ajrmufOD;qdyfurf;odkY rjzpfrae qkdufuyfMu&onf/
xkdYtjyif taemufwkdif; ukefonfrsm;tm; tjcm;qGJaqmifrIwpf&yfrSm ta&SUtdEd,uRef;pkwGif wGifus,fpGm
pkdufysKd;aeaom a&mfbmNcHrsm;twGuf vkdtyfaom tvkyfMurf;orm;rsm;ukd ajrmufOD;qdyfurf;rS &&Sdjcif;yif
jzpfonf/
enf;jzihf ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfonf b*Fvm;yifv,fatmf\ ta&SUurf;ajcwpfavQmuf ukefoG,fa&;
A[kdtcsuftcsmXme jzpfvmcJhayonf/ t<u,f0qkH; jzpfvmcJhonf/ at'D 1517 ckESpfwGif acwfrDtajrmuf
vufeufwyfqifxm;aom ay:wl*DoabFmrsm; a&muf&SdcJhonf/ rlvuyif yifv,fwGif BuD;jyif; a&aMumif;
qkid &f mbufwiG f uRr;f usiNf y;D jzpfEiS Mfh uaom yifv,faysmf &ckid o
f m;wkt
Yd zkYd taemufwidk ;f twwfynm&Siw
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wynht
f jzpf aumif;pGmarG;jrLEkid cf o
hJ nf/ tok;H csEidk cf o
hJ nf/ b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfwvTm;wGif &ckid af &wyfrawmf
onf acwfrDtajrmufvufeufrsm; wyfqifxm;aom oabFmrsm;jzihf uif;vSnhfapmihfMuyfEkdifcJhayonf/
b*FvDpma&;q&mwpfOD; a&;om;aom ]]b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfrS &ckdifa&ol&Jrsm;}} (Mog raider in Bergal)
pmtkyfwGif oabFmwpfaomif;cefYESihf ra&wGufedkifaom tajrmufvufeufrsm; wyfqifxm;aMumif;? ypfcwf
vkdufaomt&SdefaMumifh yifv,fjyifvIdif; azG;azG;xapaMumif; a&;om;xm;ayonf/ ,cktcg ajrmufOD;acwf
tajrmufvufeuftcsKdUukd ajrmufOD;jywkdufESihf ppfawGNrdKU yGdKifhurf;ajcwGif awGUEkdifayonf/
NrKd UawmfumuG,af &; tpDtrHwu
Ydk v
dk nf; ajrmufO;D wGif pk;d pHcMhJ uonfh bk&iftqufqufonf *kwpku
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pDraH qmif&u
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hJ nf/ wnfae&mtm;jzihf awmifaMumawmifp,
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wGifwnf&Sd&m xkdodkYaom obm0awmifukef;wkdYukd tajcjyK qnfoifhuqnf zkdYwefzkdY? qufwefqufjzihf
ajrom;ESihf ausmufom;a&maESmum NrdKUkd;wefwkdif;rsm; wnfaqmufcJhonf/ NrdKUkd;\twGif;bufwGif ol&Jajy;?
ol&Jckd;rsm;ukd vQKd0Sufqef;Mu,fpGm azmufvkyfxm;onf/ NrdKUkd;ESpfckqkH&m awmifukef;xdyfrsm;wGif tckdiftrm
cHwyfrsm;ukd ausmufwkH;BuD;rsm;jzihf cdkifckdifcefYcefY aqmufvkyfxm;onf/ acwfrDaomtajrmufBuD;rsm;ukd
tqkdygcHwyfBuD;rsm;wGifvnf;aumif;? tcsuftcsmusaom ae&mwkdif;wGifvnf;aumif;? wyfqifxm;onf/
taetxm;t& awmifukef;awmifpG,frsm;tMum;wGif obm0a&tkdifBuD;rsm;ESihf enf;AsL[majrmufjyKjyifxm;
aom usKH;rsm;ukd awGU&onf/ usKH;pkd (wet moat) ukd usKH;ajrmuf (dry moat) jzpfap&eftwGufvnf; aumif;?
wzefusKH;ajcmufukd usKH;pkdtjzpfvnf;aumif;? ajymif;vJEdkif&ef a&wHcg;t&Sifrsm; wyfqifxm;onf/
a&usK;H rsm;rSmuJo
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ajcmufaoGUaom&moDwGif pkdufysKd;&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? uRrf;usifpGm wkdif;wmjyKvkyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
,aeYwkdif ajrmufOD;NrdKUae vlxktwGuf a&csKda&oefYukd tqkdygusKH;a[mif;rsm;rS a&ay;a0vQuf&Sdonf/
,aeYajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfokdY vma&mufMuaom {nfhonfrsm;twGuf tqlqlaombk&m;rsm;tjyif
ajrmufOD;acwf xGef;um;cJhpOfu pDrHjyKjyifcJhaom usKH;? NrdKUwHcg;? wHwkdif;? jytkd;? ypif? ol&Jay;rsm;ukd ,Ofaus;rI
tarGtESpftjzpf ,aeYwkdif awGUjrifEdkifayonf/ ausmufom;yuwdjzihf aooyfwduspGm aqmufvkyfxm;
vnf; &moDOwk'gPfukd MuefYMuefYcHEdkifjcif; jzpf[efwlonf/
ajrmufO;D acwfwiG f Ekid if t
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jrwfxH oufpGefYqHjzm; rif;rIxrf;Muolrsm;vnf; awGU&onf/ ay:wl*DaMu;pm;ppfom;rsm;ESihf *syefpmrlkdif;
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ajrmufOD;eef;oufwavQmuf ESpfaygif;&mESihfcsD? jynfytE&m,frsm; uif;a0;apNyD; at;aq;om,m

pGm rif;qufrjywf tkyfcsKyfEkdifcJhonf/ rajymyavmufaom ppfyGJav;rsm; ay:aygufcJhaomfvnf; &ufwkdwkd
ESiyfh if atmifyq
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jynfcsrf;om<u,f0 jynfolrsm; acsmifvnfMuonfhjyif cEDw&m;ESihf jynhfpkHaom Ak'\tqkH;tr&Sdjcif;ESihf
pepfusaomtkyfcsKyfa&;? w&m;pD&ifa&;wkdY &Sdjcif;aMumihfvnf; jzpfayonf/
&ckid jf ynfBu;D ukd ajrmufO;D acwftcsed u
f wkid ;f Bu;D 12 wkid ;f cG
J bk&ifcrH sm; ceft
Y yfum tkycf sKyaf ponf/
bk&ifcHrsm; okdYr[kwf bk&ifi,frsm;onf aqGawmfrsKd;awmfrsm; jzpfMu ajrmufOD;NrdKUodkY ESpfpOftcGefb@m
rsm; qufo&onfhjyif bk&ifrif;jrwf\ opmcHyGJ tcrf;tem; rysufruGuf wufa&muf&NrJ jzpfonf/
taMumif;ukd pmtkyfwpfae&mwGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/ if;jyif bk&ifcHrsm;ESihf e,fpm;? y,fpm;rsm;onf
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vkyfief;twGuf cGJwrf;csonfukd wm0ef,laqmif&Guf ay;&avh &Sdonf/
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23
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24
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25
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26
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1/
2/
A guide to Mrauk U- P- 104
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29
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30
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31
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32
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qif,ifxm;cJhaMumif; xm;&mtcef;wGifvnf; if;wkdY(ausmufrsuf&wemrsm;) &SdcJhaMumif; t&dyfvuPmrsm;
awGU&onf/ jrefrm&mZ0ifpmtkyfrsm; rSwfwrf;rsm;wGifvnf; bk&iftacgif;kyfxk tacgif;xJwGif wefzkd;BuD;
rm;aom tzkd;wefausmufrsuf&wemrsm;&SdcJhaMumif; ,ckxufwkdif 0r;fykduf\vuf,mbufwGif ausmufrsuf
&wemwku
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pm;Mu tarT;eHYomqDrsm;jzifh okwfvdrf;Muonf/ 0rf;ysufa&m*gjzpfaeaomtcg olwkdYxH a&tjynhfygaom
ykrH sm;jzihf vma&mufNy;D a&csK;d Muonf/ olu
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kd rf S pD;usaoma&rsm;ukd pkaqmif;Ny;D a0'em&Sit
f m; a&m*gaysmuf
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a&Teef;awmfESihf twefi,fvSrf;aomae&mwGif vlwkdYqnfzkdYxm;aom a&tkdifwpftkdif&Sdavonf/
olwaYdk jymaompum;t& ok;H qwfv*d f (Leagues) &Sno
f nf[k od&onf/ a&tkid t
f wGi;f wGif twuftvuf
rsm; jzmxGuf t&dyftm0goaumif;aom uRef;i,frsm; tv,facgifwGif awGU&onf/ opfoD;0vHrsm;jzihf
omom,m,m&Sdaom uRef;i,frsm; jzpfMuonf/ ,if;uRef;rsm;wGif a&muD&[ef;rsm; oDwif;okH;aexkdifvQuf
&SdMuygonf/ xkd&[ef;rsm;ESihftcsKdUrSm odrfrsm;wGif oDwif;okH; bmoma&;tzGJUtpnf;wpfcktjzpf aexkdifMu
41
onf/ uREkfyfonf EkdifiH\bmoma&;qkdif&mtaMumif; azmfjyaomtcg if;wkdYtaMumif; azmfjyygOD;rnf/

BuD;rm;aom a&tkdiftwGif; avSi,ftrsm;tjym; awGU&onf/ okdYaomf NrdKUawmfESihfum; qufoG,fr&acs/
taMumif;rlum; q,fzkdYxm;aom urf;ydwftkdifjzpfjzpfonf/
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wnfaqmufcjhJ cif; jzpfonf[k od&onf/ okv
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a&rsm;ukd azmufxw
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qkdygu ,ckavmufvkyfaqmifrIrsKd;onf olwkdYtwGufrl aep&mr[kwfacs/
&ckdifNrdKUawmfjzpfaom ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfwGif EkdifiHjcm;ukefonfrsm;rygbJ NrdKUaevlxk wpfodef;ajcmuf
aomif;(160000)&Sdonf[k vltrsm; cefYrSef;Muygonf/ NrdKUawmfwGif ukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,frItwGuf
b*Fvm; rlq,fygwef? weoFm&D? rkwr? tm&Sef*smumwmwkdYrS vma&mufMuaom EkdifiHjcm;om;trsm;tjym;
awGU&onf/ ppfrIxrf;&ef? iff;tjyif aMu;pm;ppfom;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? ukefonftjzpfvnfaumif;?
vma&mufMuaom ay:wl*D? yJcl;? jrefrm? r*kdwkdYukdvnf; awGU&onf/ c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;? *syefrsm;?
b*FvDrsm;ESihf tjcm;EkdifiHom;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif; trsm;tjym; awGU&ao;onf/
&ckdifaejynfawmfukd awmifbufyJcl;aejynfawmfESihf jrifhrm;aom jynfawmifwef;ESihf ykdif;jcm;xm;yg
onf/ tjcm;wbufwGif b*Fvm;ESifh e,fedrdwfpyfvQuf&Sdonf/ ppfwaumif;rS rmefatmifuRef;tygt0if
e*a&*ltxd a'otm;vkH;yg0ifonf/ urf;ajca'ojzpf wpfESpfywfvkH; avMurf;wkdufckdufvQuf&Sdonfh
uRe;f rsm;? oabFmqdyrf sm; urf;ajcwpfavQmuf awGU&aomfvnf; pdwrf cs&acs/ yifv,fu;l oabFmtcsKUd twGuf
tE&m,frsm;vSayonf/
um; at'D(1629) rS(1635)xd ajrmufO;D a&TNrKd Uawmf\ tajctaeyifjzpfonf/ ay:wlub
D ek ;f awmf
Bu;D refe&dwrf sujf rifu,
dk af wGUukd pydeb
f momjzihf a&;om;rSww
f rf;wifc&hJ m t*Fvyd b
f momokYd tdwcf saf [mhwif
u bmomjyefqkdcJh&m pma&;olu jrefrmrIjyK jyefqkdxm;jcif; jzpfygaMumif;/
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6/
7/
8/
,ckrEav; r[mrkedbk&m;0if;twGif;&Sd aMu;kyfBuD;rsm; jzpfEkdifygonf/

vufqnfuefESihf taemfrmuefrsm; jzpfEkdifonf/
PADRS MAEMERO FREY HEB MANRIQUE IN ARAKAN(1629-1635) CHAP XXI
Translated from the Spanish by Rev. . Hosten.
42
ajrmufOD;acwf pD;yGm;a&;
&ckdif,Ofaus;rI jzpfxGef;cJh&m ukvm;wef jrpf0Srf;vGifjyifa'oum; ajrqDMoZm xufoefvSayonf/

r,ljrpf? ukvm;wefjrpf? av;NrdKUjrpfwkdYonf &ckdifwkdY\ toufaoG;aMumrsm;yif jzpfonf/ ESpfy&dap't&Snf
MumjrifhpGm EkH;epf? EkH;Ekrsm; ykdYcscJh&if; jrpf0uRef;ay:BuD;ukd wnfaqmufcJhMujcif; jzpfayonf/ a&S;twdawu
yif qefa&pyg; ayg<u,f0 ]]"n0wD}}}[l trnfac:wGifaMumif; tqkd&Sdayonf/1 ajrMoZmxufoef
rkd;acgifjcif; uif;a0;aomaMumihf &ckdifjynfrSm&Sdaom vlOD;a&xuf xGuf&Sdaom qefpyg;u rsm;pGmyif ykdvQHae
wwfayonf/ "n0wD? a0omvD?2 av;NrdKUacwfrsm;uJhodkYyif ajrmufOD;acwf pD;yGm;a&;onfvnf; v,f,m
pkdufysKd;a&;ukd tajccHaom pD;yGm;a&;yif jzpfaomfvnf; acwfNydKifEkdifiHa&;tajctaersm;? pD;yGm;a&;pepfrsm;
aMumifh orkd;uspD;yGm;a&;rS xl;jcm;aomvuPmrsm; awGUvm&onf/ refe&pfonf ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfodkY
t0if OD;&pfawmifteD;wGif tvsm;(8)rkdif? teH(6)rkdifcefYxd us,f0ef;aom pyg;wGif;BuD;rsm;ukd awGU&Sd&aMumif;
urmhta&SUjcrf;a'owkdYwGif qefpyg;onf vlwkdY\y"me tm[m&"mwftpm;tpmjzpfNyD; vlwkdY\ pnf;pdrfOpm
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d idk ;f jynfrsK;d onf tdE,
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G af cgif;
3
ygrIr&SdaMumif;? tvkyfMurf;vkyf&eftwGuf tdEd,rS vlac:,l&aMumif; azmfjycJhayonf/
qefpyg;rSm t"du pkdufysKd;a&;oD;ESHjzpfaomfvnf; uGrf;oD;? aq;&GufBuD;? tkef;? "ed? 0g*Grf;ESihf [if;oD;
[if;&Gufrsm;ukdvnf; pkdufysKd;aMumif; awGU&onf/ pkdufysKd;a&;ESihf ,SOfwGJ arG;jrLa&;ukdvnf; wGJbufvkyfukdif
Muonf/ arG;jrLa&;tjzpf EGm;? uRJ? qdwf? Muuf? 0uf? bJ rsm;ukd t"duarG;jrLMuonf/4 refe&pf ajrmufOD;NrdKU
awmfodkY vmaomtcsdef at'D(1630)ckESpfavmufu ajrmufOD;NrdKUvrf;teD;&Sd qdyfurf;rsm;wGif Muuf? csKd;?
ckd? MuufO? bJO? axmywfESihf EkdYxGufypnf;tpm;tpmrsm; trsm;tjym;tvkt,uf vma&mufa&mif;csMu
aMumif;? aps;vnf; tHhMozG,fjzpfavmufatmif csKdomaMumif;? '*Fg;wjym;vQif MuufzvSvS taumif;qHk;
ok;H q,f&aMumif;? yku
d q
f EH pS jf ym;ay;vQif MuufOwpf&m&aMumif;? azmfjycJah yonf/5 okaYd ps;aygaygESifh a&mif;cs
Edkif&ef xkdpOfu jynfolrsm;onf pkdufysKd;a&; arG;jrLa&;ukd wGifwGifus,fus,f vkyfcJhMurnfjzpfonf/
&ckid jf ynfonf a0omvDacwfuyif yifv,fu;l oabFmrsm;jzihf a&aMumif;ukeo
f ,
G rf I wk;d wufaejzpf&m
,if;acwfu tdEd,? tm&yf? oD[kdVf? rkwrpaom b*Fvm;yifv,fwpf0kdufEkdifiHrsm;ESihf orkd;usukefoG,fcJh
jcif;jzpfonf/ 16-&mpk tapmykdif;rSpwif tdEd,ork'&mokdY pD;yGm;a&; tajccsvmcJhMuaom taemufEkdifiH
rsm;ESifh tquftoG,&f &S
d &ckid jf ynf\ukeo
f ,
G rf rI mS ajrmufO;D acwfwiG f ykrd u
dk s,jf yefv
Y mcJah vonf/ ajrmufO;D
acwf jynfyukefoG,frIwGif ay:wl*DESihf 'wfcsf ESpfrsKd;pvkH;ESihf qufoG,frI&Sdaomfvnf; aemufykdif;rS a&muf&Sd
vmaom 'wfcsfwkdYESifh ukefoG,frIrSm ykdrkdwGifus,fvmaMumif; awGU&Sd&onf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUonf 'wfcsfwkdY A[kdXmecsKyf&Sd umbmaw;bD;,m;ESihf tdEd,urf;ajcwkdYtMum; waxmuf
em;&murf;ajcjzpfaMumif; wnfae&mtaetxm;t& b*Fvm;atmf\tcsut
f csmwGif wnf&jdS cif;? xkad cwfu
&GufoabFmacwfjzpf? obm0ab;tE&m,faMumifhvnf;aumif;? pm;eyf&dumaMumihfvnf;aumif;? yifv,f
atmfukd jzwfoGm;jcif;? oufurf;ajcwpfavQmuf ywfoGm;jcif;u ykdpdwfcs&jcif;? tcGeftaumufr&Sdjcif;
ponfwkdYaMumihf xkdtcsdefu a&aMumif;ukefoG,frIqdyfurf;tjzpf xif&Sm;pnfum;vQuf &Sdayonf/ if;tjyif
1/ "n0wD=("n=pyg;? 0wD=&Sdonf)=qefpyg;aygrsm;&m a'o[k t"dyg,f&onf/(jzpfpOforkdif;pm-61)
2/ a0omvD=(a0=txl;xl;tjym;jym;aom? omvD=aumufyJovJ aygrsm;jcif;? aumufyJovJ
aygrsm;aom wkdif;jynf[k t"dyg,f&onf/
3/ &wema&Tajr? OD;vS'if pm-212
4/ F. Cotta. Pader Maestro fray Seb-Manrique in Arakan. Chapteer-P. 22
5/ F. Cotta. Pader Maestro fray Seb-Manrique in Arakan. Chapteer-P. 113
43
ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfwGif 'wfcsfwkdY\ t"duvkdtyfcsufjzpfaom qefpyg;ESifh uRefrsm;ukdvnf; tvkHtavmuf

0,f,l&&SdEdkif&m ukefonfwkdY\ vkdtyfcsufukd jznhfqnf;ay;EdkifcJhonf/
ajrmufOD;acwf bk&ifrsm;vnf; EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;ESihf ukefoG,frIukd pdwf0ifpm;Muonf/ ukefoG,frI
twGuf acwfrDtawG;tac:&SdMuonf/ EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm; vma&mufa&mif;0,fMu&eftwGuf ukefwkdufrsm;
aqmufvkyf ay;jcif;6? tcgtm;avsmfpGm taumuftcGefrJh vGwfvyfpGm a&mif;0,fcGihfjyKjcif;7? ponfwkdYjzihf
qG J a qmif r I r sm; jyKvk y f a yonf / rif ; &mZmBuD ; \ trd e f Y j yef w rf ; wpf & yf w G i f ]]Munf ; a&oG m ;vmonf h
uk e f o nf w k d Y u k d rnf o nf h qd y f u rf ; rqk d a&mif ; 0,f a zmuf u m;ap? taumuf t pm; tac:tar;
r&SdapESihf}}8[l awGU&onf/ um; pD;yGm;a&;enf;AsL[mwpf&yfyif jzpfonf/
&ckdifokdY 'wfcsfwkdY wifoGif;aom oGif;ukefrsm;rSm [if;cwftarT;tBudKifESihf *syefoHonf t"dujzpf
onf/ if;jyif tdE,
d jynfjzpf txnftvdyf aq;&GuBf u;D rsm; a<uaphrsm;ESifh ekid if jH cm;ok;H aiGrsm; wifoiG ;f onf/
9
a<uaph ukd &ckdifjynfwGif aiGvJvS,f&mwGif aiGaMu;tjzpf tokH;jyKonf/ *syefoHrSm warmif;10vQif4
usyf aps;&Sdonf/11
&ckdifjynfrS t"du ykdYukefrsm;rSm qefpyg;? uRef;? rJe,f? Ncdwf? qif? txnfMurf;? teufp? ysm;za,mif;
wkdYjzpfonf/ qefpyg;? NcdwfESihf rJe,fa&mif;0,fjcif;ukd bk&ifu BudK;ukdifxm;onf/ rJe,frSm warmif;vQif
&ckdif'*Fg; (4)usyfcefYaps;&Sdonf/ Ncdwfwarmif;vQif rlvwGif 3 usyfaps;&Sdaomfvnf; (1641)ckESpfrSp
8usyf aps;xd &Sv
d m&m aemifwiG f 11 usyx
f d wufomG ;onf/ wdy&l e,f12 (Tippera) xGuf t0wfeuf p'k*H &D
ykdif;rSm 12 usyfaps;&Sdonf/ 'wfcsfwkdYonf olwkdY\ ukdvkdeDpkdufcif;rsm;&Sd uRef;rsm;twGuf tqkdygt0wfeufp
ukd trsm;tjym; 0,f,lMuonf/13
&ckdifjynfe,frS xGufukefrsm;teuf qifrSm wGufacstukdufqkH;jzpfonf/ tdEd,jynf ukdkdref',furf;
ajcokdY wifykdYonf/ ajrmufOD;wGif qifwaumifvQif &ckdif'*Fg; 1300 rS 1400ausmfxd &Sdaomfvnf; ykvduwf
(Pulicat) ESifh tjcm;urf;ajc&Sd tvkyfkHrsm;wGif av;qrQ aps;&&SdMuonf/14 a&S;&ckdifwkdYonf qifukdwGifus,f
pGm tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/ bk&ifukd,fwkdif qifzrf;avh&Sdonf/ qif0efBuD;? qifuJBuD;? qifatmifr0ef? qifxdef;
ponfwrYdk mS qifwyfrawmf\ &mxl;rsm;yif jzpfonf/ rif;&mZmBu;D vufxuf b*FgokYd csw
D uf&mwGif qif(710)
ygonf[kqkdonf/ refe&dwf\rSwfwrf;t& oD&dok"r&mZm bdodufyGJwGif qif(400)pDwef;vSnhfvnfykHukd
jrifcJh&aMumif; qkdonf/ qifrsm;ukd avhusihf&mwGif qifausmif;ukd ipifkdif;uRef;wGif zGifvSpfxm;onf/
ewfawmfvwGif qifNydKifyGJrsm; usif;yjyKvkyfonf/
xkdpOfu ajrmufOD;NrdKUonf ukefa&mif;0,f&mwGif aps;uGufBuD;wpfck jzpfcJhonf/ r*kd&efukd umuG,f&ef
twGuf &ckid b
f &k ifu wynhaf rG;xm;aom ay:wl*w
D o
Ydk nf 'D&if;um;NrKd Uukd tajcjyK b*Fvm;urf;ajcwpf0u
dk f
&Sdvlrsm;ukd zrf;qD;NyD; ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfwGif aus;uReftjzpf a&mif;csMuonf/ ESpfpOfzrf;qD;,lvmaom
uRefOD;a&rSmysrf;rQ (3400)OD;15 cefY&Sdonf[k refe&dwf\rSwfwrf;wGif awGU&onf/ 'wfcsfwkdY\ ta&SUtdEd,
6/
7/
8/
9/
10/
11/
12/
13/
14/
15/
Hall-Dutch-Relation P. 71
M.S Collis. The Land of the Creat Image. P. 211
rif;&mZmBuD;pmwrf;(ayrl)? Cd0rf;-*? trsKd;omk;wkdufykdif-1632

&ckid 'f *Fg;wusyv
f Qif a<uaph 2660 &So
d nf[q
k o
dk nf/ (&ckid
f eG zYf ;l pm-221) 'wfcsw
f x
Ydk rH S '*Fg;wusyf
zkd;ukd (48)ydmEIef;ESihf 0,f,l&onf/
warmif;=&ckdifjynfwGif ,ckxufwkdif tokH;jyKMuao;onfh t*Fvdyfaygifcsdef 46 cefY&Sdonf/
Hall . Dutch. Relation P. 83
wdyl&e,f-&ckdifjynfajrmufykdif; ,cktmoHe,fwGif &Sdonf/

Hall . Dutch. Relation P. 82-83
Dutch-Trade with Arakan Page-82
Dutch-Trade with Arakan Page-82
44
uRef;pk &Sd pkdufysKd;a&;NcHBuD;rsm;wGif tvkyfvkyfukdif&eftwGuf uReftajrmuftrsm;vkdtyfvsuf&Sd&m ajrmufOD;&Sd

ay:wl*DwkdY\ uRefaps;uGufrS 0,f,lMu&onf/16 uRefa&mif;0,fa&;ukd ay:wl*DwkdYu t"dujyKvkyf Muaomf
vnf; &ckdifbk&ifonf vkdtyfovkd csKyfukdifxm;onf/ twwfynm&Sif uRefrsm;ukd jyifyokdY a&mif;cscGifh rjyK
acs/ (1665) ck 'wfcsfwkdY\ ukefoG,fa&;tpD&ifcHpmwGif &ckdifwkdYonf vdrma&;jcm;&Sdaom twwfynm&Sif
uReu
f dk 45 rS 48 txd aps;aumif;ay; 0,f,al Mumif;? if;rSm 'wfcsw
f 0Ydk ,f,al omaps;xuf rsm;pGmykad Mumif;?
'wfcsw
f 0Ydk ,f,Nl y;D aom uRerf sm;ukv
d nf; &ckid b
f &k if\0efxrf;rsm;u aocsmpGmppfaq; uRr;f usiaf omvufrI
ynmonfrsm;ukd omrefuRefrsm;jzihf vJ,lxm;aMumif; azmfjyyg&Sdonf/
uRefrsm;rSm touft&G,ftvkduf (10)zavmf&ihfrS (30)zavmf&ifhtxd aps;trsKd;rsKd;&Sdonf/ 1641
ckESpfrS pwif uRefwpfOD;jyifyokdY xGufcGm&eftwGuf tcGefawmftjyif 1'*Fg; aumufco
H nf/17'wfcsw
f o
Ydk nf
umab;bD;,m;okdY xGufcGmaom oabFmwpfpD;wkdif;wGif uRefaygif; 150 rS 350xd wifaqmifoGm;Muonf/
odkY uRefrsm;ukd tajrmuftrsm; ESpfpOfwifoGif;cJh&m if;wkdYpm;aomufa&;twGuf qefonf ta&;wBuD;
vkdtyfvmcJhonf/ tif'kdeD;&Sm;wGif qefrvkHravmufjzpf&m qeftykdtvQH&Sdaom &ckdifjynfajrmufOD;rSm
'wfcsfwkdYonf qefukdwifoGif;&m azmufonfrsm; jzpfvmcJhonf/
&ckdifwkdYonf qefpyg;a&mif;0,fa&;wGif 'wfcsfwkdYu vuf0g;BuD;rtkyfrdap&ef txl;*kjyKcJhonf/
oHwrefrsm; pD;yGm;a&;olvQKdrsm; apvTwf jyifyEdkifiHrsm;\ qefaygufaps;ukd od&Sdatmif BudK;pm;onf/
qefpyg;a&mif;0,frIukd (jynfolykdif) bk&ifykdif tjzpf owfrSwfxm;onf/ jynfwGif;a&mif;0,fa&;ukdvnf;
bk&ifu wkdufkdufukdifwG,fojzihf 'wfcsfwkdYrSm xifovkdvkyf r&EkdifcJhay/ qefpyg;aps;ukd bk&ifhukd,fpm;vS,f
u owfrSwfonf/ txl;ojzihf qefpyg;aps;EIef;owfrSwf&mwGif a'ozlvkHrI? jynfyokdY a&mif;csEkdifrI? 'wfcsf
wkdY 0,fvkdtm; ponfwkdYtay: tbufbufrScsdefqom owfrSwfavh&Sdonf/ &dum&Sm;yg;aom at'D
f idk af &mif;0,f
(1631)-rS (1635)twGi;f qefwum&19 (Carra)vQif '*Fg; 10 txd aps;wufcNhJ y;D bk&ifu csKyu
cJo
h nf/ (1661 )ckEpS f aemufyidk ;f wGif qefuv
dk w
G v
f yfpmG a&mif;0,fciG jhf yKaMumif; ajrmufO;D 'wfcst
f 0,fawmf\
20
tpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjyxmonf/
jynfwGif;aps;uGufwGif qefwum&vQif 2 usyfrS 3usyfxdom &Sdonf/ 'wfcsfwkdYu oufomaom
jynfwGif;aps;twkdif; 0,f,lvkdaomfvnf; bk&ifu tm;vkH;odrf;usKH;0,f,lxm;NyD;jzpf owfrSwfaps;twkdif;
0,f,Ml u&onf/ okaYd omf rwefwqaps; owfrw
S af vhr&Sad cs/ at'D(1636)ckEpS w
f iG f 'wfcsu
f ek o
f nf ref'a&;
onf bk&ifxHrS aps;BuD;rrdap&eftwGuf if;\vufatmuf yDwmaumhbl; (Pieter Cocau)qkdolukd
ppfwaumif; odYk uk,
d pf m;vS,t
f jzpf apvTwu
f m p&efaiG tajrmuftrsm;ay; 0,f,al ponf/ &ckid b
f &k ifu
t0,fawmfrsm;uvnf; wum&ukd 2 aps;ay; 0,f,lxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ aemufqkH; 'wfcsfwkdYrSm bk&ifxHrS
yif wum&vQif 4 usycf aJG ps;EIe;f ESifh 0,f&awmhonf/ if;wku
Yd trsK;d rsK;d taMumif;jyum ta&SUtdE,
d uRe;f pkEiS fh
bmau;bD;,m;wGif wzefwum&vQif 10d^-aps;jzihf jyefvnfa&mif;csMuonf/
odkY EkdifiHjcm;ukefonfrsm;ukd qefpyg;a&mif;&mwGif epfemrIr&SdyJ atmifjrifcJhjcif;rSm ajrmufOD;acwf
bk&ifrsm;\ qefpyg;xkwfvkyfrIESihf a&mif;0,frIqkdif&m enf;pepfusjzpfonf/22 &ckdifxD;eef;okH; a&TrsOf;"r
16/
17/
18/
19/
20/
21/
22/
Among the Slavers of Dianga. P. 91

Hall-Dutch-Relation P-82
(u) jynfe,fjzpfpOforkdif;? &ckdifjynfe,f jynfolYaumifpD? pm-86

(c) a'gufwmcifarmifGefY? &ckdifjynfya&mif;0,fa&;? pm-94/
(*) Hall Dutch-Trade with Arakan Page-81
wum&vQif 'wfcsfaygifcsdef (420)&Sdonf/
Hall, Dutch-Trade with Arakan Page-81
&ckdifTGefYzl;? pm-224-apmodef;wef/
(u) wufxGef;eD (ajrmufOD;) ajrmufOD;acwf qefpyg;a&mif;0,fa&; &ckdifwefaqmif-15^pm 53
(c) OD;bpH? ajrmufOD;acwf pD;yGm;a&;&m? &ckdifhwefaqmif
45
owf usrf;vmtwkdif; aqmif&Gufonf[k od&onf/

bk&ifonf qefpyg;xkwfvkyfa&mif;0,frIukd wm0ef,lxm;&m v,f,mvkyfief;ukd vkyfukdifvkdolrsm;
twGuf a<u;NrDcs23(aiGacs;jcif;)ukd bk&ihfb@mawmfrS pkdufxkwfay;onf/ aus;&GmtkyfcsKyfol? olBuD;wkdYu
rdrdwkdYaus;&Gm&Sd v,form;pm&if;? pkdufysKd;{&d,m? (0g;wmjzihfwkdif;onf) v,fp&dwftaxGaxG rnfrQukefus
rnfukd pm&if;jyKpkNyD; tcsKyfvlBuD;xH ykdY&onf/ tcsKyfvlBuD;u ppfaq;um rSefuefygaMumif;? rnfrQxGufEkdif
aMumif;? bk&ifhb@mawmftwGuf rnfrQtusKd;&SdEkdifaMumif; jynfpkd;BuD;24xH wifjy&onf/ jynfpkd;BuD;u
vkdtyf onfrsm;ukd ppfaq;TefMum;NyD; awmifolv,form;rsm;tm; bk&ifhb@mawmfrS a<u;NrD;csonf/
wenf;tm; jzihf aiGxkwfacs;jcif;jzpfonf/ okdYaomf twkd;vkH;0 ray;&acs/
pyg;ay:csed af &mufaomtcg bk&ifu
h ,
dk pf m;vS,af wmfrsm;onf awmifov
l ,form;rsm;xHrS pm&if;ESifh
aumuf,lonf/ xGuf&Sdaom pyg;rsm;ukd a'oE& pyg;usDrsm;jzihf ,m,DokdavSmifxm;NyD;aemuf tckdiftrm
okdavSmifEkdif&eftwGuf ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfodkY wifykdY&onf/ ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfwGif qefxm;&m pyg;usDaygif;
(41)usD&Sdonf/ ,cka&S;a[mif;okawoerS (14)usDukd xdef;odrf;xm;&Sdonf/ tqkdygusDrsm;rSm atmufajcrS
<uufrazmufEkdifatmif atmufajcESihfywfvnfwGif ausmufom;yuwdjzihf aoaooyfoyf aqmufvkyfxm;
onf/ a&pdrfhr0ifEdkif[k qkdonf/ pkdxkdif;jcif;r&Sdatmif a&xGufajccif;rsm; azmufvkyfxm;onf/ trsm;tm;
jzihf a&r0ifaom ukef;ajrae&mrsm;wGif aqmufvkyfxm;cJhMuonf/ acwfrD pepfwusaqmufvkyfxm;jcif;
jzpfonf/ ,ckwkdif avhvmawGU&SdEdkifonf/
1/
avomusDawmfBuD;
(NrdKUawmifbuf avomawmifwavsmuf)
2/
ykPm;ajrmif;usDawmf
(NrdKUta&SUbufykPm;ajrmif;ab;)
3/
arQmfawmfrlusDi,f
(NrdKUta&SUbuf arQmfawmfrlawmifxdyf)
4/
0ifrem;usDawmfBuD;/
5/
wbufqnfusDawmfBuD;
(NrdKUajrmufbuf oQpfaomif;ta&SUjyifxdyf)
6/
wbufqnfusDawmfi,f
(oQpfaomif;bk&m;teD;)
7/
&JvSusDawmfBuD;
(NrdKUajrmufbuf &JvSwHcg;teD;)
8/
&JaysmhusDawmfBuD;
(NrdKUtaemufajrmuf umukpm&ukef;)
9/
&DwHcg;usDawmfBuD;
(NrdKUtaemufajrmuf,Gef;wcGuf q&mawmifteD;)/
10/ &DwHcg;usDawmfi,f
(NrdKUtaemufajrmuf,Gef;wcGuf q&mawmifteD;)/
11/ armufawmfusDawmfBuD;
(armufawmfwHcg;teD;)
12/ aMumifvnf'DusDawmfBuD;
(yDyifukef;&GmtaemufbufaMumifvnf'HcHwyfteD;)
13/ uswfydwfusDawmfBuD;
(NrdKUawmifbuf armvdyfuefteD;)
xkdYukd tpkd;&xdef;odrf;xm;&Sdonf/ jynfpkd;BuD;onf odkY tpkd;&pyg;usDrsm;okdY a&muf&Sdvmaom
pyg;rsm;ukd pm&if;csKyfjyKvkyfNyD; wpfESpftwGuf pyg;vkdtyfcsufukd wGufcsufonf/ a&mif;Ekdifonfhpyg;rsm;ukd
a&mif;Edkif&ef twGuf &ckdifjynfw0ef;vkH;rS t0,fawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ukd ac:tpnf;ta0; jyKvkyfonf/
EkdifiHjcm;wkdif; jynfrsm;okdY apvTwfxm;aom pD;yGm;a&;olvQKdrsm;xHrS &&Sdonfh EdkifiHwum qefpyg;aps;EIef;wkdYukd
xnfhwGuf IdEIdif;aqG;aEG;Muonf/ if;aemufwpfESpftwGuf aygufaps;ukd jynfpkd;BuD;u EkdifiHw0ef;vkH;okdY
aMujim&onf/ EkdifiHjcm;aps;ukd twuftusvkdovkd jyKvkyfaomfvnf; jynfwGif;aps;ukd ykHaoowfrSwfxm;
onf/ twkd;tjrihf rjyKvkyfacs/ &moDOwkazmufjyef pyg;txGufraumif;aomESpfwGif bk&ifhb@mawmfrS
23/
24/
25/
(*) xGef;,Of(ppfawG)? ajrmufOD;acwf or0g,r &ckdifwGJ3? pm-18/

,ckacwf trawmfacs;jcif;rsKd; ? pkdufysKd;a&;p&dwfxkwfacs;jcif;\a&SUajy;ykHpHjzpfonf/
bk&ifhukd,fpm;wkdif;jynfukd tkyfcsKyf&oltrwfBuD;? tdrfa&SUrif;NyD;ygu MoZmtmPmt&SdqkH;yk*dKvf?
EkdifiHawmf\wwd,vl?
46
pkdufxkwfukefusonf/
pyg;0,f,lvkdaom EdkifiHjcm;ukefonfBuD;rsm;onf aMujimxm;aom pyg;aps;EIef;rsm;twkdif; rnfrQ
0,f,lvkdonfukd jynfpkd;BuD;xH avQmufvTmwifoGif;&onf/ jynfpkd;BuD;u jynf\tusKd;awmfaqmif 'kdif;usD?
tpkdY? ulwkdYolBuD;wkdYtm; trdefYpmESihf qifhac:NyD; pyg;usDrsm;rS pyg;rsm;ukd pyg;ta&mif;Xmersm;okdY ykdYaponf/
oufqidk &f m&yfuu
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f u
Ydk awmif;? armif;wkjYd zihf csed w
f ,
G Nf y;D Edik if jH cm;ukeo
f nfBu;D rsm;vufoYkd tyf&onf/
EdkifiHjcm;ukefonfrsm;u tjynhft0&&SdaMumif; vufrSwfa&;xkd;&onf/ wzef &yfuGufpmwkdifwkdYu if;
vufrSwfukd oabFmpmwkdifxHwGif wifoGif;&onf/ oabFmpmwkdifwkdYu a&mif;csaompyg;ukd owfrSwfaps;jzihf
wGufcsufvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHjcm;ukefonfBuD;rsm;xHrS b@mawmftjzpf pyg;awmif;wpf&mvQif ESpf*guspD
aumuf,l&aom tcGefawmftwGuf wGufcsufvnf;aumif;? pyg;rsm;ukd o,f,lajymif;a&TUay;aom 'kdif;usD
tpkEYd iS fh ulwo
Ydk Bl u;D tpkw
Yd t
Ydk wGuv
f nf;aumif;? pm&if;jyKvyk u
f m oufqidk &f m jynfp;dk Bu;D okw
Yd pfapmif? ukeo
f nf
BuD;okdY rdwLay;onf/ xkdtcg pyg;0,faom EdkifiHjcm;ukefonfrsm;onf usoifhaiGtm;vkH;ukd jynfpkd;BuD;xH
ay;oGif;&onf/ jynfpkd;BuD;u usoihfaiGtm;vkH; &&SdNyD;aomtcg aiG&ajypma&;NyD; qufwHqdyf(qwfarmfuGef;)
kdufESdyfum vufrSwfa&;xkd;ay;onf/ jynfpkd;BuD;\vufrSwfukd ukefonfBuD;rsm;u pyg;o,faqmifoGm;aom
tcg vrf;wGif&Sdaom a&wHcg;rif;xH wifjy&onf/ vufrSwfpmwGif aiGtajytvnfacsNyD;aMumif; awGUrSom
vQif qefpyg;ukd ppfaq;NyD;rS a&wHcg;rS xGufcGmcGifhjyKonf/
pyg;a&mif;0,f&mXmersm;rSm upye'Djrpf\NrdKUawmf(ausmufawmf)wpfck? zwfr& vuf0Jurf;,kH
(wefc;dk uRe;f )wpfc?k pyg;xm;wpfc?k 0gbkd wpfc?k ,ckaygufawmNrKd Ue,fwyfarmfrif;Am;wpfc?k rif;*Hwpfc?k
aps;BuD;wHcg; 0gaps;pyg;qdyfwpfck? 'kdif;usDwpfck awGU&onf/
pdw0f ifpm;zG,af umif;aom ukev
f yk q
f ufqaH &;wpfcrk mS Edik if jH cm;aiGaMu;rsm;ukd vJv,
S af &mif;0,fjcif;
yifjzpfonf/ ajrmufOD;oGif;ukefrsm;wGif a':vm odkYr[kwf aiGaMu;rsm; yg&SdaMumif; azmfjycJhNyD; jzpfayonf/
aiGaMu;vJvS,fEIef; twuftusukdvkdufum tjrwftpGef;&&SdMu EdkifiHjcm;okH;aiGukd 0,f,lpkaqmif;Muonf/
r*kd'*Fg;? &ckdif'*Fg;? [dEL'*Fg;? 'wfcsfwkdY\ zavmf&ifh'*Fg;ESihf ta&SUwkdif;okdY vma&mufukefoG,fMuaom Oa&my
ukrP
BD u;D i,fw\
Ydk '*Fg;rsm; yg0ifonf/ tqkyd g yku
d q
f rH sm;tm;vk;H rSm a&mif;0,fa&;qdyu
f rf;NrKd U tm;vk;H ok;H pGJ
&aomaMumihf EdkifiHjcm;aiGaMu;a&mif;0,fa&;onf ajrmufOD;acwfpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; wpf&yfyifjzpfonf/26
ajrmufOD;acwf pD;yGm;a&;ESihf ywfoufazmfjy&mwGif 'wfcsfwkdY tESpfcsKyftpD&ifcHpmrsm;? rSwfwrf;rsm;ukd
tukd;tum;taxmuftxm;jyK 'wfcsfESifh ukefoG,fa&;ukdom t"duazmfjyEdkifaomfvnf; ajrmufOD;acwf
jynfyukefoG,frIrSm xkdxufru ykdrkdus,f0ef;cJhayvdrfhrnf/ ,kHMunfukd;um;Ekdifavmufaom taxmuftxm;
rSwfwrf;rsm; &SmazGum okawoe jyK&ayOD;rnf/ at'D 1634 ckESpfwGif ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmftwGif; &SdaecJhaom
refe&pfu xkdpOfajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfwGif; ysm;yef;cwfrQ pnfum;aeykHukd rsufjrifukd,fawGUt& rSwfwrf;wifxm;
cJhonf/
a&TNrdKUawmftwGif; te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS vma&mufMuaom {nhfonfawmfrsm; jynhfESufvsuf &Sdav
onf/ ukefrsm;ay:wGif tcGeftaumuf uif;vGwfMu ukefonfrsm;onf trsKd;rsKd;tpm;pm;aom ukefrsm;ukd
oabFmjzihf wifaqmifcJhMuonf/ ukefonfrsm;wGif tdrfeD;csif;wkdif;jynfrsm;jzpfaom b*Fvm;? yJcl;? rkwrrsm;
omru ,kd;',m;? AD,uferf? uarm'D,m;27wkdYrS ukefonfrsm;vnf; yg&Sdonf/ tdEd,jynf ae&mteSHYtjym;rS
vnf; oabFmrsm;jzihfvma&mufMu&m qkdvmygwef (Musulapatan) em*ygwef (Nagapatan)ESihf armfv'D
AD;,m; bk&ifEdkifiHrsm;rS c&D;onfrsm;ukd awGU&onf/ ,if;acwf ,if;tcsdefu wefcdk;tmPmbufwGif
vnf;aumif; <u,f0csrf;omrIvnf;aumif;? pHxm;&onf/ plrMwmuRef;? *smbmuRef;BuD;? uRef;uav;?
26/
27/
a'gufwmcifarmifGefY? &ckdifjynfya&mif;0,fa&;? pm-97/

,kd;',m;ukd Sian, AD,uferfukd Champa uarm'D;,m;ukd Cambja azmfjyxm;onf/
47
tmcsef (Achan) rumqm (Macassar)ESifh jrefrm (Bima)wkdYvnf; oabFmrsm;jzihf vma&mufMuonf/

okdY twkdif;wkdif; tjynfjynfrS vltrsKd;rsKd;? t,l0g'trsKd;rsKd;? 0wfpm;qif,ifykHtrsKd;rsKd;? tom;ta&mif
trsK;d rsK;d jzihf rsupf d yI af vmufatmifyif &Sad wmhonf/ Ekid if jH cm;ukeo
f nfrsm;onf pde?f ywjrm;? eDvm? Oz&m;?
a&TaiGponfh &wemrsm;tjyif oH?oGyf? aMu;eD? a&eHponfh owKypnf;rsm;? pm;eyf&dum? aq;0g;? tarT;txkH?
aumfaZm? owKtkd;rsm;? ig;BuD;tHzwf? Ncdwf? bdef;? jy'g;ponfh vltokH;taqmifrsm;ukd ,laqmifvmcJhNyD;
ajrmufOD;NrdKUaps;twGif; qkdifcif;vQuf a&mif;csMuonf/28
txufwiG f azmfjycJo
h nft
h wkid ;f ajrmufO;D acwf\ jynfyukeo
f ,
G af &; pnfyif0ajymcJjh cif;rSm wkid ;f jynf
tajctae at;csrf;om,mcJhonfhtjyif EdkifiHjcm;ukefonfrsm; ,kHMunftm;ukd;avmufatmif ckdifrmaomaiG
aMu; pH&SdcJhvnf; jzpfayonf/ &ckdifjynfwGif at'D 4 &mpk? a0omvDacwfuyif '*Fg;oGef;vkyf29ukefoG,frI
twwf&SdcJhNyD; jzpf&m ajrmufOD;acwf qufcHaomrif;rsm;vnf; olwkdY\bkd;bGm;bDbifwkdY\ orkdif;tarGukd
qufcHcJhMuayrnf/
ajrmufOD;acwfwGif &ufykdif;rQom pdk;pHcJhaom rif;rsm;rSty usefrif;tm;vkH; '*Fg;oGef;vkyfcJhMurnf[k
h adk omf '*Fg;ay:wGif rdr\
d trnf bGUJ wHqyd cf wf rdrMd oZmysUH ES&YH m e,fy,f
,kMH unf&ayrnf/30 tb,faMumifq
twGif; tokH;jyKjcif;onf wpfenf;enf;ESihf tmPmpuf oufa&mufrIukd azmfjyEdkifjcif;aMumihfyif jzpfonf/
,aeYxd ajrmufOD;rif;aygif; (27)OD; '*Fg;ukd awGU&SdNyD;jzpfonf/ rif;trnf eef;pHESpfrsm; yg&Sd okawoDrsm;
twGuf rsm;pGmtaxmuftul jyKavonf/
28/
29/
30/
(u) Manrique, Padre Maestro frey Seb. Manrique in Arakan (1629-1635)P- 29

(c) Manrique: Travels-P. 379
ajrmufOD;NrdKUjywkduf&Sd '*Fg;oGef;vkyf&mwGif tokH;jyKaomud&d,mwpfck &Sdonf/ zrf;,lcJhaom
okHYyef;rsm;ukd '*Fg;tpkdYwGif jznfhonf[k &ckdif&mZ0ifwGif awGU&onf/
OD;pHomatmif? &ckdif'*Fg; pm-29
48
tkyfcsKyfa&;
tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif tjrihfqkH;tmPmykdifrSm bk&ifjzpfonf/ xkdxl;jcm;csufrSm bk&ifonf Ak'tqkH;trukd

tajccHaom Ak',Ofaus;rIpOfvm "rxkH;? w&m;xkH;? "rowfrsm;ESihftnD tkyfcsKyfonf/ a&TrsOf;? "rowfusrf;
ESihf rEk"rowfusrf;wkdYonf &ckdiftkyfcsKyfa&;wGif t"dutusqkH;[k qkdEkdifayonf/ odkYaomf ajrmufOD;acwf
tkyfcsKyfa&;ukd Munhfygu tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif acwfrDaomtkyfcsKyfa&;pepfwkdYukdyg jyKjyifajymif;vJtpm;xkd;
xm;aMumif; awGU&ayonf/ ajrmufOD;acwf nDvmcHrSm 0efBuD;tvkduf tpD&ifcHwifjy&aom pepfyg0ifNyD;
if;ukd bk&ifrif;jrwfu vkt
d yfovkd TeMf um;qk;H jzwfonf/ ajrmufO;D rif;quf aemufq;Hk rif;onf rdru
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dk w
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pD&ifpkrsm;cGJtkyfcsKyfonf/ bmabmqm(Barbosa) \ c&D;oGm;rSwfwrf; (AD-1501-16)t&? &ckdifjynf\
tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfrSm tqifhjrifhrm;aMumif; e,f(12)ckdifcGJ tkyfcsKyfaMumif; yg&Sdonf/1 t*FvdyfacwfwGif
okH;cJhaom 'Dp&dwf[laom a'oE&tkyfcsKyfa&; tokH;tEIef;ukd ckdif[l &ckdifwGif xkdpOfuyif okH;EIef;aeNyD
jzpfonf/ e,ftESHUoGm;vm&aom oabFmrsm;ukdyif ]]ckdif}}}[k a&S;tcguyif ac:a0:okH;pGJcJhMuaMumif;
qkdayonf/ odkYodkY wkdif;ckdifcGJtkyfcsKyfovkdyif tcsKdUrSm ]]axmife,f}}}[lcGJvnf; tkyfcsKyfonfukd
awGU& onf/ oufaxmif? zvHaxmif? a&Munfaxmif? uHomaxmif? acsmif;omaxmif?[lvnf; axmifwnf
armfuGef; ayrlrsm;wGif awGU&onf/2
tcsKdUayrlrsm;wGif a&S;usaom acwfOD;umvwGif em*oE&wkdif;? r[ouwkdif;? urlywkdif;? zvH
wkdif;? oufwkdif;? Akdvfrif;wkdif;? oknmBuD;wkdif;? evif;wkdif;? &uyl&wkdif;? &ryl&wkdif;? arC0wDwkdif;?
'Gg&m0wDwkdif;[l (12)wkdif;cGJ tkyfcsKyfaMumif; yg&Sdonf/
okeYd ,fy,fct
JG yk cf sKy&f mwGif trsm;tm;jzihf bk&ifom;awmfEiS fh aqGrsK;d awmfwu
Ydk dk cefx
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wpfcgwpf&H ppfokH;yef; wkdif;&if;om; rif;nDrif;om;rsm;ukdvnf; csD;jrifhajrmufpm;onfvnf; &Sdonf/ txl;
ojzihf ppfwaumif;uJhodkYaom ta&;BuD;onfh e,fy,fukd tdrfa&SUt&mrcHpm;&onfh 'kwd,om;awmftm;
]]taemufbk&if}} [kac:qkdcsD;jrifhum cefYtyftkyfcsKyfaponf/
tqkdygvufatmufcH ckdife,fy,frsm;ukd tkyfcsKyf&aom bk&ifcHonf bk&ifhtay:opmcH&ef wpfESpf
wpfBudrf vlukd,fwkdif vma&muftcGefb@mqufo&onf/ wkdif;a&;jynfa&; wifjy&onf/ txl;ojzihf
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FURNIVALL, J.S, Europeans in Burma -B.R.S. F.A.P Vol II. P. 62
rif;zavmif;axmifwnf armfuGef;ayrl
vrf;pOfygwDxkwf? &ckdif-pm-138-139
&ckdif&mZ0ifopfusrf;? pm 89-90
49
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rif;rsKd;rif;EG,f r[kwf tBuD;tuJ r[kwfaom tkyfcsKyfa&;qkdif&m &mxl;rsm;ukd bk&ifukd,fwkdif
a&G;cs,fcefYxm;NyD;? vkdufem&rnfhpnf;urf;? Oya'? csD;jrifhonfh taqmifta,mifrsm;ukd Oya'pnf;rsOf;jzihf
owfrSwfxm;&Sdonf/
bk&if? tdrfa&SU Oy&mZmNyD;vQif ukd,f&HBuD;? jynfpkd;BuD;? qifuJBuD;? 'g;ykdifBuD;[l trwfBuD;av;yg;
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wpfcgwpf&H bk&if\apvTwfcsuft& ppfaoemywdcsKyftjzpf wm0ef,l&onfvnf; &Sdonf/
rif;carmif;(at'D 1612-22)vufxufwGif r*kd&efukd umuG,f&eftwGuf BuD;rm;aom Munf;wyf? a&wyf?
qifwyf? jrif;wyfukd uGyfuJ apvTwfwkdufckdufaponf/8 [l acwfNydKifrSwfwrf;wpfcku qkdonf/
jynfpkd;BuD;trwfonf bk&ifc&D;oGm;ckduf wkdif;jynfukd tyfESif;tkyfcsKyf uGyfuJ&oljzpfonf/ omref
tcsdef w&m;olBuD;tjzpf w&m;pD&if&onf/ qifuJBuD;trwfrSm bk&ifrif;jrwf ykdifqkdifaom qifjzLawmfESihf
qifwyfukd tkyfcsKyfpDrH uGyfuJ&oljzpfonf/ qifatmufroif;tpk10
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rif;&mZm\ pmwrf;wGif ,kd;',m;ESihfyJcl;rS ,lcJhonhf qifjzL? qifayguf? qifr (248)pD;ukd ,kd;uRef;? &JuRef;wkdY
wGif xm;&ef qifuJBuD;odkY tyfNyD; 0vifatmif tpmauR;ap9[k yg&Sdonf/ xkdpOfu qifuJBuD;tjzpf
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aooyfvSypGm pDwef;tvSjy yg0ifMuaMumif; azmfjyxm;ayonf/11
rif;carmif;bk&ifvufxuf at'D(1619)ckESpf? r*kdESifhwkduf&aom r*kdwyfrawmfwGif avhhusihfNyD;
ppfqif (400)yg&SdaMumif; awGU&ayonf/12 if;tjyif ajrmufOD;acwf bk&ifrsm;onf qifukd 0goemxkH
pdwf0ifpm;Muonf/ e&EktvDcifonf ukd,fwkdifqifzrf;xGufavh &Sdonf/ jrefrmtygt0if Ak',Ofaus;rI
vTrf;rkd;aom ta&SUwkdif;om;wkdYwGif qifukd &wemwpfyg;tjzpf owfrSwfavh&SdNyD; qifjzLukd ykdifqkdifaom
rif;rSomvQif pBuFm0aw;rif;uJhodkY {u&mZftjzpf cH,lxkdufaMumif; *kPf,lpGJvef;aom"avh &SdMuonf/
vufatmufcHe,fy,ftcsKdUrS qifjzLawmfqufovmyguvnf; aumif;pGmcsD;jrihfajrmufpm;avh &Sdonf/
ajrmufOD;acwfoGef; '*Fg;rsm;wGif ]]qifjzLocif qifeDocif}}}[l txG#ftjrwf azmfjyyg&Sdygonf/13
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&ckdifa&S;a[mif;NrdKUawmfrsm; pm-120-130
ZmwD0HoarmfuGef;pmayrl ]]qJ}}aMum-csyf
Mnaique, Travels, P. 147
" A History of Ghittayoung " P. 258
rif;&mZmBuD;pmwef; *g0rf;csyfayrl
qifoifwef;ausmif;? avhusihf&mae&m
&ckdifa&S;a[mif;NrdKUawmfrsm;? pm-135 The city of Eoiden Mrauk U
A History of Chittagong . P. 258
&ckdif'*Fg;rsm;? pm-23-80 xd
50
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onf/14
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The Land of Great Image.
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rif;&mZmBuD;pmwef; ]],g}} ausmcsyf (ayrl)
51
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,if; ]]aumf}}csyf ]]ausm}}

Manrique in Araken...ehapter xx
&ckdifa&S;a[mif;NrdKUawmfrsm;? pm-87.
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&ckdifa&S;a[mif;NrdKUawmfrsm;? pm-119
The City of Golden Mrauk.U.
52
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Travels-00. 172-173
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57
ESdyfxm;aom EkdifiHul;vufrSwf ukdifaqmifcJh&aMumif; qkdayonf/40

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tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfjzihf aygif;pyfjznfhpGufxm;onf/ txl;ojzihf vlwpfOD;pD\ tcGifhta&; repfem&atmifESifh
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58
ajrmufOD;acwf Ak'omoem
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59
at'D 1556 ckESpf a&;xkd;aom ausmufpmwpfcsyfwGif oD[kdVfrS q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;onf ajrmufOD;

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Maunice Collis; The City of Golden Mrauk U, JBRS.
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Maurice Collis;
The Coronation; The Land of Great Image P. 220-221
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(2)
Dr. Parchemer, Arakan
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vrf;pOfygwDtajcjy jrefrmEkdifiHa&;ordkif; pm-387

U San Shwe Bu and Maurice Collis. Arakan palace in the civillitgation of the bay. J.B.R.
p. 494
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4/
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75
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13/
14/
OD;ukvm;? r[m&mZ0ifBuD;? (w)pm-98-100

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15/
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G.E. Harvey: Hist ory of Burma. P. 183
M. Collis. The land of the Great Image.
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Carmignani, Renzo-Birmania Storia-Arte Civilta P 87
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3/
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F.C. Danvers. The Portuguese in India Vol-I, P. 42-48

J.S Furnivall. The early Portuguese. JBRS. FAP. P. 61
vrf;pOfygwDtajcjy? pm-403
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M.S Collis; Rarkan's Place..., BRSFAP, Vol II P. 496. 1960.
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9/
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Maurice Collis. The Land of the Great Image P. 89
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ay:wl*D&mZ0if? &efukefol&d,owif;pmwkduf? 1918-pm 190
Bernier. Megul Empire. P. 173
DGE. Hall. Studies in Dutch relation with Arakan JBRS. FAP. P. 92
Mr. Collis. The Land of ....The taking of Hugali P. 180
78
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OD;vS'if-&wema&Tajr-pm-124
,if; pm-138?
pm-361
OD;vS'if? &wema&Tajr? pm-138
/
pm-139
/
pm-141
OD;vS'if? &wema&Tajr? pm-359-340
Harvey, Burma, P. 143
Maurice, Collis, The Land of the Great Image-P. 9
a'gufwmcifarmifGefY? ay:wl*D-jrefrmqufqHa&;/ pm-149-150

Danvers. Portuguese. P. 180
79
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aomif;'G'fuRef;ukd qkdvkdfygonf/
&ckdif&mZ0ifopfusrf;-pm 167 pm 139 aemufokH
rSefeef;&mZ0if pm-112? &ckdif&mZ0ifopfusrf;? pm-152
Daners. Portguese. P-142
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Maurice Collis. Among the slavers of Dianga. P. 88

Maurice Collis. Dom Martin. JBRS. Vol. XVI. Part I. P.15
81
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Hall : Dutch-p 78/68

Hall; Dutch-p 80
Danvers; Portuguese. P. 180
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Hall; Dutch-Relation-P-70-71-79
HGE-Hall. Burma. P-60
DGE-Hall. Burma. P-79-72
DGE-Hall. Burma. P-72
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9/
Hall; Dutch-Ral-79
10/ Hall; Dutch-Ral-79
11/ Hall-Dutch-Relation-P-89
12/ Dutch-Relation-?-79-92
83
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1/
Campos, opcit, P-69, Sinapadi night be Portuguese Corruption of either Senapati or
Simhapati, Campos writes that in 1602 king of Chittagone was the Uncle of the king of
Arakan (Rakhine)
2/
3/
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i^rnf&mZ0if ]amf} csyfprf;

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Danver, F.e, Partuguese in India, Val. 11, 1894, P. 123
84
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7/
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11/
12/
,if;-pm 125
&ckdif&mZ0ifopf-pm 152
ukvm;? &mZ0ifBuD; (w) pm-110
Suniti, A History Chittagone-P-240
i^rnf&mZ0if ]qm;} 0rf; 1-3
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S.N.H. RIZVI, Chittagone Dist Qazetieer-P. 71

Campos, op cit, P-69
RIZVI, P-71
Campos, op. cit, P. 69 RIZVI, P-72
Suniti. P-241
Campos, op. cit, P. 70
Sent an enormous fleet of thousand sail consisting mostly of frigate eatres (a light row
ing vessel from Arabic kativeh a small cnaft), P-72
Suniti, P. 242; Rizvi, P. 72
86
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taemufwkdif;rSwfwrf;rsm;wGif awGU&onf/ xkdodkY 'D,if;*g;wGif ay:wl*DwkdYtm; ESdrfeif;aepOf if;\
wpfbufurf;&Sd ppfwaumif;wGif ay:wl*Drsm; vGwfvyfpGm oGm;vmaeMuaMumif; azkduf'fvm0Jv(f Pyrard
do lavel) qkdolu rsufjrifrSwfwrf;wifxm;cJhonf/27 vmAJvfqkdolrSm xkdESpfat'D(1607)ckESpftwGif;
ppfwaumif;rS &ckdifa&wyfppfaMumif;wpfck armfv'kdufuRef;pk (Maldives, a group of islands in the
D k xifrw
S cf MhJ uaomfvnf; aemufyidk ;f jyifopf
Indian Ocean)rS zrf;,lcjhJ cif; jzpfonf/ rlvu if;tm; ay:wl*[
21/
22/
23/
24/
25/
26/
27/
Guerreiro, Pather Fernso-P. 211

Suniti P. 243, Rizvi, P. 72
Danvers, P. 147
xGef;a&Tckdif? &ckdifa&S;a[mif;NrdKUawmfrsm; pm-68

Suniti P. 243
Ibid-P. 243, Danver PP. 142-143
Francois Pyrard de Laval, P. 334
''Voyage of Francois Pyrard of Laval" tr-Albert Gray 1, 334
87
vlrsKd;jzpfaMumif; od&aomtcg aEG;axG;pGm *kPfjyK{nhfcHMuavonf/28

qif;'0pfuRef;wGif ay:wl*DvlrsKd; uywdefrufawmhaoqkH;NyD;aemuf if;\om; yg,kd*kdrD(Pero
Gomes)u bk&ifcHtjzpf qufvuftkyfcsKyfonf/ if;aemufwGif rmudawmh\vufaxmufjzpfcJhol zdwfcED
(Fate Khan)u ay:wl*w
D t
Ykd m; owfjzwfNy;D tmPm&,lco
hJ nf/ if;onf r*kEd iS hf yxefvrl sK;d wkt
Yd m; pkpnf;Ny;D
ay:wl*yD ifv,f"m;jye,fcsUJ tm; tjywfErdS ef if;wku
d cf u
dk &f ef BuKd ;yrf;avonf/ xko
d Ykd BuKd ;yrf;aepOfyif ay:wl*D
vlrsKd;yifwkd (Sabastian Pinto)\vkyfBuHowfjzwfjcif;ukd cH&onf/ zdwfcefaoqkH;NyD;aemuf nDjzpfolu
qif;'0pfuRef;ukd qufvuftkyfcsKyfonf/29 usef&Sdaom ay:wl*Dyifv,f"m;jyrsm;onf vkyf&nfukdif&nf
&Sdaom *GefZvDtm; acgif;aqmifwifajrmufum aomif;'wfuRef;jyef&a&; BudK;yrf;Muonf/ teD;tem;uRef;pk
rsm;rS ay:wl*rD sm;uvnf; *GeZf vDEiS fh vma&mufy;l aygif;Muonf/ odaYk omfvnf; vkaH vmufaom tiftm;rjynhf
ao; atmifjrifygu uRef;wpf0ufay;rnf*wdjzihf bmvmESihf r[mrdwfpmcsKyfcsKyf qkdonf/ *GefZvDonf
oabFm (40)pif;ESifh vl(400)tiftm;ESihf bmvmbk&if\Munf;wyf? a&wyftultnD ukd &,lum at'D
(1609)ck? rwfvwGif qif;'0pfuRef;tm; wkdufckdufodrf;ykdufEkdifcJhavonf/ *GefZvDonf enf;jzihf qif;'0pf
uRef;\bk&ifcH jzpfvmonf/30 uRef;&Sd wkdif;&if;om;wpfaxmifausmftm; &ufpufpGm okwfoif&Sif;vif;cJhonfh
tjyif bmhvmh(Bakla) bk&ifESihfcsKyfqkdxm;aom *wdukdvnf; ajymifajymifwif;wif; csKd;azmufcJhavonf/
aumufuspfpOf;vJ *wdopmr&Sdaom *GefZvDonf acwfrDvufeufwyfqifxm;aom ay:wl*Dppfom;
(1000)? wk d i f ; &if ; om;ppf o m;(2000)? ppf j rif ; (200)? ppf o abF m (80)cef Y x d pk a qmif ; &&S d c J h onf /
if;aemufwGif 'wf&Sifqbwfyl&fESihf ygwJvfvDbef*gh (Dalshin shahbazpur and Patell Bhanga)
uRef;ESpfuRef;ukd ajymifajymifwif;wif; usL;ausmfodrf;ykdufcJhavonf/31 ppftiftm;aumif;vmaom
*GefZvDonf b*Fvm;e,fwpf0kdufESihf &ckdifjynftm; odrf;ykduf&ef tBuHBuD;um tcGihftcgukd apmifhqkdif;vQuf
&Sdavonf/
xkt
d csed w
f iG f &ckid jf ynfwiG f rarQmv
f ifah om eef;wGi;f ta&;tcif;wpfck ay:aygufvmcJo
h nf/ rif;&mZm
BuD;\taemufbk&if ac: b*F(12)NrdKUukd tkyfcsKyf&aom bk&ifcHom;awmfwpfyg;onf &ckdifxD;eef;&&Sda&;
twGuf vQKdU0SufpGm BuHpnfcJhavonf/ ta&;tcif;wGif ay:wl*DvlrsKd; *GefZvDonf tBuHBuD;pGmjzihf
taemufb&k ifi,f rif;om;tm; ajrm ufx;dk yifah umfjyKum yl;l aygif;yg0ifco
hJ nf/ ajrmufO;D xD;eef;ukd odr;f yku
d Ef idk f
a&;twGuf rdrd\om;ESihf taemufbk&if\orD;awmftm; vufqufapcJhonf/ tcsKdUrSwfwrf;rsm;wGif *GefZvD
ukd,fwkdifvnf; xkdtaemufbk&ifcH\ nDrawmfESifh vufqufcJhonf[k qkdonf/ xkdodkY pDpOfaeonfh owif;ukd
rif;&mZmBuD; Mum;odvQif if;\om;awmf tdrfa&SUOy&mZm rif;carmif;tm; oGm;a&mufESdrfeif;aponf/
ay:wl*Drsm;tultnDESihf tpGrf;ukefckcHaomfvnf; ppfwaumif;ukd (4)vcefY 0kdif;&HNyD; NrdKUukd&onf/ taemuf
bk&ifvnf; wkdufyGJwGif usqkH;cJhavonf/ tcsKdUrSwfwrf;rsm;url qif;'0pfuRef;odkY ajy;vmaomtcg &wem
tajrmuftrsm; ,laqmifvmcJhonf/ rQ a&TaiG &wemypnf;ukd wcgrQrjrifbl;onfjzpf avmbaZm
wufum tqdyfcwfowfvkdufaMumif; qkdayonf/ *GefZvDvkd yifv,f"m;jytzkdY odkYjyKvkyfjcif;rSm
rSefuefEdkifp&m &Sdayonf/ taemufbk&if\ om;orD;jzpfMuaom vlrr,farmifESrtm; bk&if*sDbkef;awmfBuD;
wpfyg;vufokdY tyfESHum taemufajrmufOD;xD;eef;\ rsKd;qufopftjzpf arG;jrL;vkdufavonf/ xkdrif;om;ESihf
rif;orD;i,fwrYdk mS ay:wl*w
D \
Ydk "avhx;Hk pHatmufwiG f Bu;D jyif;cJ&h onht
f jyif bmomjcm;okYd ,kMH unf oGwo
f iG ;f
28/
29/
30/
31/
Ibids, P. 314
Suniti, PP 244-245
Danvers, Portuguese, PP. 143-144
''Collis, M-S, Dom Martin (1606-1643). JBRS, Val 16,
Part 1, 1926, P. 12
RIZVI, pp. 16-17, dANVERS, p. 144-145
88
jcif;ukd cHvkduf&\/ enf;jzihf vlrsKd;jcm;e,fcsJUukd ,kHMunf bk&iftay:opmazmufcJhaom om;awmfrSm

rdrdb0qkH;onfhtjyif if;\rsKd;qufEG,f wpfckvkH; b0wkH;cJh&onhf tjzpfqkd;odkY usa&mufcJh&ayownf;/32
&ckdifrif;&mZmBuD;vufxufwGif r*kdwkdY\ wkd;csJUvmaom e,fcsJUrIESihf rjywf&ifqkdifae&onf/ r*kdwkdY
onf(16)&mpk tukefwGif b*Fvm;e,fwpfckvkH;ukd odrf;oGif;NyD; tdEd,jynf ta&SUawmifykdif [dELapmfbGm;rsm;
ykdif urf;ajcwpfavQmufukd qufvufodrf;oGif;vsuf&Sdonf/ r*kdwkdYonf at'D(1609)wGif bmvkt(Balua)
jynf33 tm; wku
d cf u
dk &f ef jyifqifavonf/ a&wyftiftm;t&mwGif omvGeaf om ay:wl*w
D u
Ydk dk rdrt
d m;ulnD
34
&ef bmvktbk&ifu urf;vSr;f cJah vonf/ jyifopfuek o
f nfBu;D ayku
d f (Pyrard)\ rSww
f rf;wGif r*kw
d o
Ydk nf
xkdrSwqihfwuf &ckdifwkdYukdyg csDwufodrf;ykduf&ef jyifqifaeaMumif; azmfjyxm;ayonf/ if;u olb*Fvm;rS
xGufcGmcJhaom at'D(1607)ckESpfavmufwGif r*kdbk&if35 onf &ckdiftm; ppfaMujimcJhaMumif; &ckdifbk&ifonf
r*kdtm; &ifqkdifEdkifa&;twGuf vl (200000)ausmfESihf qif (10000)jzihf ppfjyifqifcJhaMumif; azmfjyxm;ay
onf/36 at'D 1608 ckwGif b*Fvm;bk&ifcH rpvrfcef (Islam Khan)onf ol\NrdKUawmftm; Rajmahal
rS Jahangirnagar (Dhaka-'um)odYk ajymif;a&TUcJ&h m &ckid b
f &k if\tcsKyt
f csmukd yk
d Ncrd ;f ajcmufvmcJah vonf/f
&ckdifbk&ifonf r[mAsL[mt& e,fpyfa'ovkHNcHKa&;twGuf BudKwifwm;qD;onfhtaeESihf at'D 1610
ckESpfwGif *GefZvDESihf pmcsKyfwpf&yf csKyfqkdum csufcsif;ta&;,laqmif&GufcJhonf/ xkdpmcsKyfwGif rdrd\Munf;
wyfrawmf ra&mufvmrD r*kw
d t
Ydk m; bmvktjynftm; rodr;f yku
d Ef idk af &;twGuf twwfEikd q
f ;Hk xde;f csKyx
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qD;BudKwkdufckduf&efESihf BudKwifvTwfvkdufaom &ckdifa&wyftm; *GefZvD\BuD;MuyfrIjzihf vkdovkd ppfqifEdkif&ef?
ppfatmifNyD;ygu bmvktjynftm; cGJa0,lMu&efwkdY yg&Sdavonf/ if;aemuf a&wyftiftm; oabFm
(200)ESifh a&wyfom; ( 4000)ukd *GefZvDa&wyf?ESihf yl;aygif;&ef *GefZvD\BuD;MuyfuGwfuJrIatmufokdY
vufvTGJ vkdufavonf/ &ckdifbk&ifvnf; rlvuyif e,fcsJUay:wl*Drsm;\ aumufuspfpOf;vJaom tBuHukd
odcJhNyD;jzpf&um; if;\wlt&if;wpfa,mufESifh tjcm;ay:wl*DtcsKdUukd "m;pm;cHtjzpf &ckdifbk&ifxH tyfESH
f &k if\ ppfwyfBu;D onf ppfO;D umvwGif r*kyd idk ef uftwGi;f odYk xk;d azmuf0ifa&mufEikd cf NhJ y;D
xm;aponf/37 &ckid b
bmvktjynfrS armif;xkwfEkdifcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif tBuHyufpufvSaom e,fcsJUay:wl*D *GefZvDonf &ckdifbk&if
ESihf csKyfqkdxm;aom pmcsKyfukd ajymifajymifwif;wif; csKd;azmufcJhavonf/ r*kdwkdYtm; wkdufckdufjcif; rjyKcJhacs/
olonf r*kdwkdYxHrS wefckd;vufaqmif,lum 0ifa&mufrpGufbufa&; vQKdU0SufoabmwlcJh[ef wlonf/ aemuf
taMumif;wpfcsurf mS if;uk,
d w
f idk f toufvk xGuaf jy;cJ&h onfh 'D,if;um;NrKd Utm; &ckid b
f &k if\ xda&mufaom
ESrd ef if;cJrh u
I dk *vJph m;acsvcdk [
hJ ef owd&aeao;[ef wlayonf/ odjYk zpf&m &ckid b
f &k ifonf r*kw
d t
Ydk m; tpDtpOf
r&SdbJ &ifqkdifwkduf&av&m aemufykdif;wGif r*kdwkdY\ BuD;rm;aom Munf;wyftiftm;ukd &ifqkdif&NyD; bk&ifukd,f
wkdifyif qifwpfpD;? udk,f&Hawmftenf;i,frQESihf wdrf;a&SmifcJh&ayonf/38
*GefZvDonf rdrda&wyfESihf yl;aygif;xm;aom &ckdifa&wyfukd usOf;ajrmif;aom acsmif;i,fwpfckokdY
32/
a'gufwmcifarmifGefY? ay:wl*D jrefrm? pm-165

Suniti Rhushan Qunuango, Ph D. P. 246
33/
34/
35/
36/
37/
,cktdEd,Mo&Djynfe,fwpf0kdufjzpfEkdifonf/
Danvers - P. 147
The Mughal Emperor Jahangir
Suniti, P 248, Lavalt. P. 327
Danvers-op. cit, 11, P. 46
Suniti, P 249-248
38/
Danvers-pp. 146-147
Sunati, P. 249
89
ac:aqmifoGm;NyD;aemuf uywdefrsm;tm; tpnf;ta0;wpf&yf ac:,l[efjyNyD; &ufpufpGm vkyfBuHowfjzwf

vkdufavonf/ oabFmrsm;ukd odrf;,lum oabFmom;rsm;tm; aus;uReftjzpf a&mif;pm;vkdufavonf/
if;aemuf NyKd ib
f ufuif;aom *GeZf vDonf &ckid yf idk f b*Fvm;urf;ajcwpfavQmuf&dS qdyu
f rf;NrKd Ursm; txl;ojzihf
39
ppfwaumif;t&mrl;cHwyfrsm;ukd wkdufckdufodrf;,lavonf/
*GefZvD\ odkY *wdopmrJhpGm jyKusihfrIonf &ckdifbk&ifrif;&mZmBuD;tay: rsm;pGmyif a'gojzpfapcJh
avonf/ okjYd zpf&m "m;pm;cHxm;aom *GeZf vD\wlt&if;ESifh tjcm;aomay:wl*rD sm;rSm wefjyef*vJph m;ajcjcif;
cH&avonf/ if;aemufwGif &ckdifaejynfawmftwGif; aexkdifMuaom tjcm;aomay:wl*Drsm;\ ta&;ukd
axmuf *GefZvDvnf; a&SUrwkd;ombJ wyfacgufcJh&avonf/
okdY b*Fvm;e,fpyfta&;tcif; IyfaxG;aecsdef ay:wl*Drsm;tiftm; acgifaxmifaeqJrSmyif
&ckdifbk&ifrif;&mZmBuD;onf at'D(1612)ckESpfwGif ewf&GmpHcJhavonf/
39/
40/
Campos, op cit, P 87; also Danvers, op, cit 11, p. 147

S.N.H-RIZVI P. 76; also Danvers, op cit 11, P. 147
90
rif;carmif; (at'D-1612-1622)
at'D(1612) rif;&mZmBuD; ewf&GmpHNyD;aemuf rif;om;awmf tdrfa&SUpH rif;carmif; eef;wufonf/

xkdtcsdefwGif taemufbk&iftjzpf ppfwaumif;wGif if;\nDjzpfol1 tkyfpkd;aecsdefjzpfonf/ refe&pfu
rif;om;i,frSm touf(23)ESpft&G,frQom &SdaMumif;? tarQmftjrifBuD;rm;onfh rif;rsKd;rif;vGif wpfOD;
jzpfaMumif;? ay:wl*Drsm;ESihf &ifESD;rI&SdaMumif; ponfjzihf azmfjyxm;ayonf/ crnf;awmf vufxufuyif
nDtpfukdESpfOD;onf oihfjrwfrIr&SdcJhaMumif; refe&pfu xifjrifcsufay;xm;ayonf/2 om;awmfBuD;
rif;carmif;rSm tdrfa&SUOy&mZmtjzpf cefYxm;NyD;jzpf&m wpfaeYaeY wpfcsdefcsdefwGif &ckdif aejynfawmfBuD;
\ rif;{u&mZf jzpfvmawmhrnfjzpf&m nDawmfjzpfaom taemufbk&ifcHonf BudKwiftiftm; pkaqmif;
xm;cJhavonf/3 ay:wl*DESifhvnf; oifhjrwfonf[k qkdav&m refe&pf\azmfjycsufrSm xkdtcsufay: tajccH
aejcif;yifjzpfonf/ rif;carmif;rSm wcsdefu oHvsifwGif ay:wl*DwdkY\ ppfokH;yef;b0jzihf aecJhbl;av&m
cg;oD;aom xkdtjzpftysufukd arhEkdifOD;rnf r[kwfacs/ wpfbufuvnf; ol\nDawmfjzpfaom b*Fvm;ukd
tkyfcsKyf&aom taemufbk&ifonf olrkef;wD;vSaom ay:wl*DEkdifiHjcm;om;wkdYESifhrS o[Zmwjzpfaeonf
[laom owif;ukd &&SdcJhav&m rD;avmif&mavyifh? aygufuGJvkeD; xrf;tkd;BuD;ESihf wlaeayawmhonf/ um;
&ckdifbk&if rif;carmif; eef;wufpumv\taemufbuf b*Fvm;a'oESihf ywfoufaom tajctaerSefrsm;
yifjzpfonf/
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bk&ifcHnDawmf pBuFm0aw;(Alamanja)ppfwaumif;bk&ifcHonfvnf; vufOD;rIukd &,lum ay:wl*D
acgif;aqmif *GefZvDESihf ppfa&;r[mrdwf pmcsKyfcsKyfqkdonf/ pmcsKyft& *GefZvDu taemufbk&ifcHtm;
olESihfol\NrdKUawmf ppfwaumif;tm; umuG,f&ef ppfom;(400)ay;ykdYxm;onf/ &ckdifbk&if\wyfrsm;u
taemufppfwaumif;NrdKUawmftm; kwfw&ufrodrf;EdkifyJ (4)vMumrQ 0kdif;&HydwfqkdYxm;onf/ taemufbk&if
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tm; txD;usefjzpfap&ef ol\r[mrdwfjzpfaom ay:wl*DwkdYtm; ESdrfeif;&ef BudK;yrf;tquftoG,f
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NrdKUxJ&Sd ay:wl*DwkdYrSm pdwf"mwfusqif;pjyKvmonf/ if;tjyif ay:wl*Dppfom;wkdYtaeESihf qifETJae&aom
ppfyGJukd NiD;aiGUvmMuonf/ ppfyGJrSm &ckdifrif;nDrif;om; nDaemifESpfOD;\ xD;eef;vkyGJ oufoufrQom
jzpfonf/ Mum;wGif tacsmifoufouf 'kucHae&aMumif; cHpm;od&SdvmMuavonf/5
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
&ckdif&mZ0ifwGif pBuFm0aw;[k awGU&onf/ ay:wl*DrSwfwrf;rsm;wGif (Alamanza) [k azmfjyonf/

Suniti; P. 247, P. 250
Manrique. P. 302
A History of Chittagone PP. 250-251.
Manrique- P. 310, Suniti. P. 251
91
if;jyif ay:wl*Dppfom;wkdY\ pdwfxJwGif ,ckqifETJaeaomppfyGJrSm &ckdifrif;nDrif;om; nDaemifESpfOD;

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olwkdY BuHKawGUae&aom tE&m,ftoG,foG,frS u,fwif&ef NyD;cJhaom udpt00twGuf cGifhvTwfyg&ef
wifjyvku
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6/
7/
8/
A History of Chittagone P. 252

A History of Chittagone P. 252
ay:wl*Dbkef;awmfBuD;\rSwfwrf;wGif
his son and dauther were allowed to drink the purert
milk of the catholicfaith
9/
10/
&ckdifrif;om;-pm 15? 16? 17

Dem Martin-JBRG, Vol-XVL, 1.PP. 11..12
Dom Martin JBRS. KVI. 1. P. 11 to 12 Sumiti, Chittagone under the Arakanse regime p.
253.
92
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vnf; if;ESifhtwl yl;wGJtkyfcsKyfvsuf &Sdonf/ ay:wl*D *kdtmbk&ifcH\ tkyfcsKyfa&;rSm oD;jcm;uif;vGwfum
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bk&ifcHcsKyfxH ppfulay;yg&ef urf;vSrf;cJhonf/ if;onf bk&ifcHcsKyftm; ppfultjrefqkH;apvTwfa&;twGuf
&efol &ckdifa&wyftm; tNyD;owfacsrIef;&ef &efa<u;ukd vufwkefYjyef&ef ponfh&ifhoD;aom tokH;tEIH;rsm;jzihf
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apvTwfcJhonf/ xkda&wyfonf b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfxJokdY a&muf&SdcJhNyD; at'D 1615 ck atmufwkdbmv(3)
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11/
12/
13/
,if;
M.S. Collis; Dom Martin (1606-1643) JBRS Vol XVI. 1, P-17
Suniti, Ph. D. P. 253, Dom Martin; P. 17 RIZVI-P. 76
93
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14/
Dunvers. p. 180
JASB,NS. XVIII (1922) P. 47
15/
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16/
RAZVI P. 77
Danvers p. 131
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ajrmufbuf rkdif 20 tuGm&Sd uwf*g;(Katgher) cHwyfukd r[mAsL[ma&S;wef;cHwyftjzpf owfrSwfNyD;
if;okdY ol\ukd,f&HBuD; (AkdvfcsKyf)tm; wkdufqif av;&m? ajcvsifppfom; wpfodef;? oabFm 1000jzihf
apvTwfonf/ ukd,fawmfwkdifurl ppfokH;odef;? jrif;ppfonfawmf wpfaomif;? qifwyf? a&wyfwkdYjzihf
ppfwaumif;wGif tckdiftrm pcef;csaeonf/22 odkY&mwGif &ckdifwkdY\ cHwyfwnfaqmufrI rNyD;ao;onfukd
owif;&xm;aom r*kdppfAkdvfcsKyfESpfOD;? (Sarhad Khan) ESifh Shaykh Kamal) onf &ckdifa&S;wef;cHwyfpcef;
17/
cifarmifGefY pm-149-150
History of Chittagone. p. 254
18/
19/
20/
21/
22/
Bernier, Mogul Empire, p. 173, 179

Hervey, Burma, P. 143
Manrique p. 283
A History of Chittagone p. 254-257
A History of Chittagone, P. 258-259
Chittagone District Gazettear, p. 77 Bahaustan, 1, 406
95
uwf*g;ukd ppfrsufESmESpfckzGifhum tmkPfOD;wGif kwfw&uf 0ifa&mufwkdufckdufMuonf/ cHwyfwGif;&Sd &ckdif

ppfom;rsm;xHrS rarQmfvifhyJ jyif;jyif;xefxef ckcHwkdufckdufrIukd cH&onf/ cHwyftwGif;rS tajrmuf? aoewf?
av;jrm;? AkH;ESihfausmufcJ ausmufwkH;rsm; wyfqifypfvTwfonf/ avmufvGJvufeufrsm;jzihf jyif;jyif;xefxef
ypfcwfckcHMuonf/ vloltiftm;rsm;jym;vSaom r*kdwkdYtzkdY ZGJvkHYvjzihf zdwkdufvQif atmifjrifEdkifaomfvnf;
nwkdufyGJukd a&SmifvTJvkdaom tcsKdUAkdvfcsKyfwkdY\ tBuHay;rIaMumihf aemufwpfaeY eHeufwGif qufwkduf&ef
wyfqw
k cf ahJ vonf/ aoemywdcsKyv
f nf; xkt
d Buu
H dk vufco
H abmwlonf/ if;wkYd twku
d t
f cdu
k f acw&yfqidk ;f
xm;rIonf &ckdifwyfrsm;tzkdY umuG,fa&;tpDtpOfykd aumif;rGefvmaponf/ aemufwpfaeYeHeufwGif
r*kdwkdYvma&mufwkdufckdufMuonf/ rGef;wnfhcsdefxd cHwyfukd odrf;,lEkdifjcif; r&Sdacs/ aemufqkH;wGif cHwyfwpfck
vk;H ukd 0kid ;f &Hyw
d q
f x
Ydk m;&ef qk;H jzwfMuonf/ okaYd omf if;wkYd 0kid ;f &Hyw
d q
f rYdk t
I BurH mS &ckid w
f t
Ydk wGuf twm;tqD;
'kura&muf&SdEkdifay/ cHwyf\ ta&SUbufjcrf;wGif jrifhrm;aom (Sitakunda) awmifwef;u cHwyftm;
tumtuG,fay;xm;ovkd wnf&Sdaeayonf/
xkt
d csed w
f iG f uk,
d &f BH u;D (&ckid pf pfaoemywd)\wyfrsm;onf r*kw
d \
Ydk a&S;wef;ukd aemufwef;pcef;rsm;
ESihf jzwfawmufapNyD; if;wkdYtm; &dumtcuftcJ &Sdaponf/ xkdYaMumihf r*kdAkdvfcsKyfESpfOD; (Sarhad Khan
d cf w
H yfudk 0kid ;f &Hxm;onfh a&SUwef;wyfrsm;
and Shaykh Kamal) wkYd Bu;D Muyfaom aemufwef;wyfrsm;tm; &cki
twGuf &dumykdYwm0efukd ,laponf/ &ckdifwkdYonf tcGifhaumif;,lum ppfaMumif;ESpfaMumif;Mum;wGif opfcH
k dk atmifjrifpmG wnfaxmifEikd cf o
hJ nf/ r*kAd v
dk cf sKyEf pS Of ;D rSm &ckid w
f yfrsm;tm; vIy&f mS ;rI
wyf (Stockade) wpfcu
ukd rnfokdYrQxdef;csKyfEkdifpGrf; r&Sdacs/ &ckdifcHwyf\ 0kdif;&HckdufckdufydwfqkdYxm;aom &dumtaxmuftyHh
jzwfawmufcH&onfh tcuftcJrsm BuHK&awmhonf/ enf;jzihf &efolukd 0kdif;&HydwfqkdYxm;&mrS &efolu
rdrdwkdYtm; 0kdif;,HonfhtjzpfrsKd;ukd r*kdwyfrsm; BuHKawGU&awmhonf/ r*kdppfaoemywdcsKyfvnf; vkH;0rausreyf
jzpfum if;\vufatmuf AkdvfcsKyfESpfOD; (Sarhad Khan and Shaykh Kamal) wkdYtm; &dumrsm;ukd
jzwfawmufaeonfh &ckdifppfwyftm; rnfonfhtaMumif;aMumihf ,aeYxd racsrIef;Ekdifoenf;[k ar;onf/
AkdvfcsKyfESpfOD;wkdYu oifhtaeESihf &ckdifwkdY\ t"ducHwyf(Knathghar)ukd rodrf;ykdufEkdifovkd uREkfyfwkdYtaeESihf
vnf; opfcHwyfukd rodrf;Ekdifjcif; twlwlygbJ[l rxdav;pm; yrmrcefY jyefMum;vkdufavonf/23
wpfaeYwpfjcm; qkd;&Gm;vmaom tajctaersm;aMumihf r*kdwkdY\wyfrsm;rSm xdef;odrf;&cufvmonf/
&dum r0 pdw"f mwfvnf; usqif;vmonf/ rk;d &moDvnf; rMumrD usa&mufawmhrnfjzpf&m r*kpd pfaoemywd
onf aemufqkH;wyfrsm;tm; qkwfcGmapcJh&avonf/ qkwfcGmaomr*kdwyfrsm;tm; &ckdifwyfrsm;u vkdufvH
wku
d cf u
dk &f m av;vHaomtajrmufBu;D rsm;ESifh aygufuaJG pwwfaom,rf;rsm;tm; &efov
l ufxJ ra&muf&adS p&ef
r*kdwkdYu rD;IdUzsufqD;um uaomuarsm wyfqkwfcJh&onf/ enf;jzihf 1616 ck arvtwGif; r*kdwkdY\
usL;ausmfppf tqkH;owfcJh&avonf/24
odkY &ckdifa&SUum ppfpcef;wpfckukd atmifjrifpGm rodrf;ykdufEkdifjcif;twGuf r*kdppfAkdvfcsKyfrsm;tzkdY
rsm;pGmyif t&Suf&aponf/ acwfNydKifrSwfwrf;rsm;u okdY ta&;edrfhjcif;onf tawGUtBuHKenf;yg;aom
ppfAkdvfcsKyftm; aoemywdcsKyftjzpf wm0efay;rdjcif;? ppfAkdvftcsif;csif; yl;aygif;dEIdif;rI r&Sdjcif;? trdefYemcH
rIenf;yg;jcif;? e,fajra'o ruRrf;usifjcif;? enf;y&d,m,f r<u,f0jcif; wkdYaMumihfjzpfonf[k rSwfwrf;wif
azmfjyxm;onf/ if;tjyif &ckdifppfom;wkdY\ awmwGif;wkdufyGJ uRrf;usifrI? owdAswfd&SdrI? BuHHhckdifrIESihf
ppfwaumif;a'o\a&ajr? yx0Dtaetxm;onf &ckdifppfom;rsm;tzkdY tuRrf;w0if&SdNyD; jzpfaejcif;wkdYu
23/
24/
Baharistion, 1,p-408
A History of Chittagone p. 260
Chittagone District Gasetteer p. 78
Baharistion, 1,p-407, 408
96
r*kdwkdYtwGuf ta&;edrfhapaomtcsufrsm; jzpfavonf/25

odkYaomfvnf; ppfwaumif;ukd rodrf;ykdufEkdifygu r*kdtifyg,mtm; tcsdefra&G; 'kuay;EkdifaMumif;
aumif;pGmoabmaygufaom r*kdwkdYonf at'D 1621-ckESpf? rwfvwGif tbbm[ifcef (Ibrahim Kham)
onf xkd;ppfBuD;wpf&yf qifETGJjyefavonf/26
r*kad cwfNyKd if orkid ;f q&mwku
Yd ppfqifa&;onf &ckid w
f t
Ydk m; tjywfacsreI ;f a&;ESifh ppfwaumif;tm;
odrf;ykdufa&;twGufjzpfaMumif;? ppfAkdvfcsKyfonf ppfqifa&;twGuf (2)ESpfwmrQ BudKwifpDpOfcJhaMumif;
azmfjyMuonf/27 ay:wl*DacwfNydKifrSwfwrf;wGif r*kdwkdYonf ppfwaumif;odrf;ykdufa&;twGuf &ckdifykdifeuf
twGi;f aexkid Mf uaom ay:wl*rD sm;tm; yl;aygif;BupH nfMu&ef vQKUd 0Supf mG pnf;k;H qufo,
G cf ahJ Mumif;? olvQKrd sm;
28
apvTwfcJhaMumif; qkdayonf/ okdYaomfvnf; xkdvQKdU0SufBuHpnfrIrSm vkH;0ratmifjrifcJhacs/ ay:wl*DwkdYonf
r*kdwkdYxuf &ckdifwkdYukd ykdrkdaMumuf&GHUum &ckdifopmcHtjzpfom aexkdifvkdaMumif; qkdayonf/29 rnfodkYyif
qkdapumrl r*kdwkdYonf ppfwaumif;ukd &ckdifwkdYxHrS odrf;ykdufEkdifa&;twGuf tNrJwef;qEjyif;jyaecJh&m
,ckppfqifa&;rSmvnf; tbufbufrS tjynhftpkH BudKwifpDpOfcJhayonf/ xl;jcm;onfrSm ,ckxkd;ppfukd
qkd;&Gm;vSaom b*Fvma'o\ rkwfokef&moDOD;ukdrS a&G;cJhjcif;ESihf xkd;ppfqif&m vrf;aMumif;ukdvnf; r*kdwkdY\
ork;d usvrf;r[kwyf J awmawmifxx
l yfaom vrf;opfudk a&G;cs,cf jhJ cif;yifjzpfonf/ vrf;rSm Bwyd &l bk&ifrsm;
tokH;jyKcJhaomvrf;aMumif;yifjzpfonf/ kwfw&uf tikdufrdap&ef jzpfEkdifonf/ ppfqifa&;wGif jrif;ESihf
ajcvsifav;aomif;? qifwpfaxmifESpfh ppfwkdufavS ESpfaomif;yg0ifonf/30
Bwdyl&bmvltESihf ppfwaumif;e,fpyf&Sd zeD (Feni) jrpfESpfoG,fukd cufcJpGm jzwfoef;NyD;aemuf
yk
d oGm;vm&ef cufcaJ om awmawmifxx
l yfonfah e&modYk a&muf&v
dS monf/ vrf;r&S
d vrf;ukd rdrad zmufMu
&onf/ aoemywdcsKyf bk&ifcHukd,fwkdifyif vrf;xGif&onf/ a&aMumif;wyfom;rsm;tzkdY a&pD;oefjcif;?
usO;f ajrmif;jcif;? tauGUtaumufrsm;vGe;f aom jrpfacsmif;rsm;aMumif?h a&SUwk;d &ef tcuftcJ BuKH awGUMu&onf/
rnfokdYyifjzpfap bk&ifcH tvm,m[ifcef (Ibrahim Khan) um; &nf&G,fcsufrajymif;? ZGJvkHYvukd tvsOf;
ravsm?h olu,
dk w
f idk f avSi,fwpfpif;jzihf c&D;Murf;ukd ESio
f nf/ jrif;rsm;tzkYd a&SUwk;d &ef rwk;d Ekid af wmh? ppfqifrsm;
tzkdY raxmif;wmvSaomfvnf; udk,fhvrf;ukd,fxGif ukd,fwkdifvrf;azmufae& c&D;zifhonf/ rwGifvS/
onftajctaewGif bk&ifcHceftm; BuD;rm;aom tcuftcJwpfcku ajcmufvSefYaeacsNyD/ if;rSm if;\c&D;
&SnMf urf; ESiaf e&onfw
h yfrsm;tzkYd &dum tcuftcJyif jzpfonf/ vrf;yef;qufo,
G af &;cufco
J nfh vkad e&m
rsKd;wGif vltenf;i,frQtwGufyif &Sm&azG&onfrSm rvG,fulacs/ teD;tem;wGifvnf; &Gmr&Sd? vlr&Sd
wrifwum vlrawGU&atmif awm&dyfawmif&dyfckd vmcJh&jcif;jzpfonf/ onfvrf;ESifh onfppfqifa&;ukd
olukd,fwkdifyif a&;qGJ olukd,fwkdifyif a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ c&D;vGefvmNyD;rS ola&G;cs,fcsrSwfcJhaom
ppfa&;r[mAsL[mrSm tBuD;tus,frSm;,Gif;aeaMumif; awGU&Sd&avonf/ aemufqkH;wGif pdwf"mwf
tBuD;tus,f ysuf,Gif;aeaom r*kdwyfBuD;tm; wyfrysuf&atmif xdef;,if; qkwfcGmcJh&avonf/31
odkYr*kdwkdY ppfwaumif;odrf;a&; ppfqifrI ratmifrjrifjzpfcJh&rIrSm EkdifiHtzkdY pdwf"mwfa&;? EkdifiHa&;?
vlraI &; tbufbufrS usqif;,k,
d iG ;f rIudk jzpfay:aponf/ if;aemufwiG f r*kpd pfom;rsm;tzkd &ckid pf pfom;rsm;
25/
26/

Chittagone Gozettear p. 78
27/
28/
29/
30/
31/
Fathya p. 183
Manrique p. 147
,if; pm-263
97
ukd aMumuf&GHUjcif;? r,SOfqkdif&Jawmhjcif;wkdYrSm tpOftvmwpf&yf jzpfvmavawmhonf/ ppfwaumif;ukd

&ckdiftkyfcsKyfaom umvwpfavQmufvkH; &ckdifwkdYonf ay:wl*Dyifv,f"m;jrrsm;tm; wynhfarG;um r*kdykdifeuf
twGif;odkY twm;tqD;rJhpGm csif;eif;0ifa&mufNyD; vk,ufzsufqD;Akkdvfus pkd;rkd;cJhMuavonf/ enf;jzihf
r*kw
d t
Ydk zkYd &ckid jf ynfudk wku
d cf u
dk
f b,fawmhrS r&Ekid rf nfr[kwaf om wkid ;f jynftjzpf txifBu;D um taMumuf
Bu;D aMumufaeayonf/ &ckid w
f o
Ydk nf &efow
l Ydk vk;H 0r,SOEf idk af om a&wyfBu;D ESifh Munf;wyfBu;D &So
d nfuv
dk nf;
if;wkdYvufawGUjrifMu Mum;Mu&ayonf/
r*kd&mZ0if pma&;q&m q&mwmvpf(Talish) u? &ckdifwkdY\ pGrf;tm;rSm trSefyiftHhMoavmufatmif
tiftm;awmifhwif;onfrSm rSefaomfvnf; r*kdwkdY aMumufpdwfu ykdvGefuJaeayonf/ [k azmfjyxm;ayonf/
if;u &cdkifa&wyftiftm;ESihfywfouf]]&ckdifa&wyfwGif ppfoabFm 10000&SdaMumif;? oabFmrsm;wGif
wyfqifxm;aom tajrmufvufeufrsm;rSm ra&wGufEdkifavmufatmif rsm;jym;vSaMumif;? &ckdifa&wyf
csDvmNyD;qkdvQif yifv,fjyifwpfckvkH;rSm vIdif*,ufxum azG;azG;jzLrQ &SdaeaMumif;}} azmfjyxm;ayonf/32
&ckdifwkdY a&wyfpGrf;tm;ESihfywfouf acwfNydKifrSwfwrf;wpfckwGif ]]&ckdifwkdYonf wkduf&nfckduf&nfwGifvnf;
aumif;? ol&owdt&mvnf;aumif;? r*kdwkdYxuf omvGefonfjzpf&m wkdufoabFmi,f av;ig;pD;cefYrQESihf
r*kdwkdY\wkdufoabFm14 pD;rS 15 pD;txd yg0ifaoma&wyfukd wkdufckdufzsufqD;jcif;? vuf&zrf;qD;jcif;rsm;
jyKvkyfEkdifMuonf/33 [kazmfjyxm;ayonf/
r*kd&mZ0ifq&mwpfOD;u ppfwaumif; 'umNrdKUtxd urf;ajcwpfavQmufwGif aus;&Gmqkdrqkdxm;bd
tdrfwaqmifrQyif rawGU&awmhacs/ b*Fvm;yifv,fxJ oGm;vmaeaom oabFmrsm;rS oabFmom;wkdYonf
rdrdwkdYbufrS vufeufukdiftiftm; wpf&mcefY &SdaeapOD;? yifv,f"m;jyav;a,mufcefYjrifvQif awmfygao;\/
vGwfatmifajy;ayguf&SdEdkif uHaumif;onf[k awG;xifMuonf/34 [k azmfjyxm;onf/
&ckdifay:wl*D uRefa&mif;0,folrsm;onf r*kdykdifeuftwGif; jrpf0rSrkdif(120)txd 0ifa&mufNyD;
wkdufckdufMuonfxd twifh&JMuonf/ twm;tqD;vnf; r&Sd/ r*kdt&m&SdwkdYuvnf; xdyfwkdufr&ifqkdif&JbJ
a&Smifajy;Muonf/ okdY twifh&JpGm pGefYpm;rIonf 'um;NrdKUodkYyifvQif rMumcP0ifa&mufpD;eif;rI'Pf
cHcMhJ u&m? bk&ifcw
H pfO;D onf 'um;NrKd Utm; yifv,f"m;jy&efrS rumuG,yf J xGuaf jy;cJ&h onf/ t&m&Sw
d pfO;D tm;
35
&mxl;rS z,f&Sm;cJh&bl;ayonf/ tajctaersm;onf r*kdwkdYtzkdY &ckdifwyfrawmftm; &ifqkdif&ef
yifukd,ftm;jzihf aMumuf&GHUtm;i,fpdwf &GHUrnfrSm obm0usvSayonf/
r*kdwkdY\ ppfwaumif;odrf;ykdufa&; ppfqifrIrsm;onf &ckdifbk&if\e,fjcm;a'oqkdif&m rl0g'tay:
rsm;pGmyif tusKd;oufa&mufrI &Sdavonf/ &ckdifbk&ifonf xkdtcsdefrSpwifum aejynfawmf\ ajrmufykdif;
vkHNcHKrItwGuf obm0twm;tqD;rsm;ukd pwiftokH;csonf/ ajrmufykdif;ppfwaumif;e,f wpf0Srf;vkH;&Sd
urf;kd;wef;ESifh awmifwef;Mum;wGif vlaexkdifrIukd pepfwus pDrHudef;jyKvkyf avsmhcsvkdufonf/ if;aemuf
opfawmukd xlxyfpGm pkdufysKd;aponf/ rkwfokefrkd;&&Sd&m a'ojzpf&m obm0opfawmBuD;tjzpf (wpf)ESpf?
(ESpf)ESpftwGif; BuD;rm;us,fjyefYajymif;vJvmcJh&m r*kdwkdY\ukef;vrf;rS usL;ausmfrIwkdYukd [efYwm;aponfh
obm0twm;tqD;yif jzpfayonf/ 'kwd,taeESihf a&aMumif;rS usL;ausmfvmrnfh r*kd&eftwGuf &ckdifbk&if
onf 'D,if;*g;yifv,furf;pyfNrKd UwGif ay:wl*w
D t
Ykd m; r*k&d efrS umuG,yf grnf[al om uwdu0wfjzihf tajccs
32/
33/
34/
35/

Talish. Fathiya, pp. 179-180
Ghosh, J,M. Magh Raider in Bengal-1960.
Bernier. Mogul Empire, p. 173
xGef;a&Tckdif? &ckdifa&SUa[mif;NrdKUawmfrsm; pm-68

&wema&Tajr-pm-145? Collis, Great Image p. 111.
98
aexkdifcGifhjyKxm;ayonf/ aemufykdif;wGif ay:wl*DwdkYonf uRefukeful;jcif;vkyfief;ukd wkd;csJUvkyfukdifvm&m

b*Fvm;yifv,fatmf\ t"duuRefa&mif;0,f&m pcef;NrdKU jzpfvmcJhonf/ uRefrsm;zrf;qD;a&mif;0,fa&;rSm
&ckid b
f &k ifwt
Ydk wGuf pD;yGm;a&;wpfck jzpfonfomru Ekid if aH &;twGuv
f nf; taxmuftuljyKonf/ &ckid o
f nf
tdEd,r*kdESihf e,fpyfxdpyfvQuf&Sd&m r*kdwkdYtiftm;aumif;vmwkdif; &ckdifbufokdY vltiftm;ESihfzd usL;ausmf
rnft
h E&m,fudk pk;d &dr&f avonf/ xkaYd Mumifh wbuftiftm;,kwaf vsmah prnfh vkyif ef;rSeo
f rQ &ckid b
f &k ifwu
Ydk
tm;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/ wpfaeYwGif r*kdwkdYonf ppfwaumif;ukd odrf;ykduf,lvdrfhrnf[k wGufqxm;aom
&cdkdifbk&ifonf ay:wl*DwkdYtm; vufoyfarG;NyD; uRefzrf;jcif;ESihf uRefa&mif;0,fjcif;vkyfief;rsm;ukd tm;ay;
jcif;jzihf r*kdrif;wkdY\e,fy,frS vlOD;a&avsmhenf;um tiftm;avsmhyg;apjcif;jzihf r*kdtiftm;pkrsm;ukd
wGefvSefz,f &Sm;apcJhjcif;jzpfonf/36
r*krd w
S w
f rf;wGif rif;carmif;ac: [lped &f mS ;tm; &ckid b
f &k ifrsm;xJwiG f wefc;dk tBu;D rm;qk;H ? tatmifjrif
37
rIt&qkH;aom &cdkdif{u&mZftjzpf azmfjyMuayonf/ olonf ol\EkdifiHtwGif; olykefrsm;tm; aumif;pGm
ESrd ef if;cJh at;csr;f om,mcJo
h nf/ OmPfeOD mPfeufrsm;vSaom e,fcsUJ ay:wl*w
D t
Ydk m; rvIyEf idk af tmif aumif;pGm
xdef;csKyfEdkifcJhonf/ urmwvTm; atmifjrifrIrsm;cJhaom e,fcsJUr*kdwkdY &efukd aumif;pGm umuG,fwGef;vSefEkdifcJh
onf/ bkd;bGm;bDbifrsm;\ &ckdife,fy,f tus,ft0ef;rsm;ukdvnf; xdef;odrf;EdkifcJhonhftjyif e,fajrtopf
rsm;yg pnf;kH;odrf;oGif;EdkifcJhaMumif; awGU&onf/38
36/
37/
38/
39/
Ibid p-265.
cifarmifGefY? a'gufwm ay:wl*Djrefrm pm 149-150

History of Bengal, vol ii-publ Dacoa University p- 243 (proved to be the greatest and
most successful conqueror)
99
oD&dok"r&mZm (at'D 1622-1638)
rif;carmif; ewf&GmpHNyD;aemuf om;awmfBuD; oD&dok"r&mZmonf at'D 1622-ckESpfwGif ajrmufOD;

NrdKU xD;eef;ukd qufcHonf/ rif;carmif;\ 'kwd,om;awmf oD&dok"r&mZm\ nDawmftm; ppfwaumif;NrdKU0ef
bk&ifcHcsKyftjzpf cefYxm;onf/ ppfwaumif;NrdKUrSm &ckdifaejynfawmf taemufbufjcrf;twGuf r[mAswsm
t&aomfvnf;aumif;? pD;yGm;a&;t&aomfvnf; ta&;BuD;ay&m &cdkdifbk&ifwkdYonf olwkdY\pdwfcs&aom
om;awmf txl;ojzihf tdrfa&SUOy&mZmNyD;aemuf 'kwd,om;awmftm; bk&ifcHcsKyftjzpf cefYxm;avh&Sdonf/
xkdrif;om;rSm rMumrDyif ewf&GmpHcJh&m if;\ae&mwGif trwfBuD;wpfOD;ukd tpm;xkd; cefYtyfxm;cJhonf/
xkdNrdKU0efopfrSm ppfwaumif;NrdKUukd tkyfcsKyf&onf/ tqkdyg ppfwaumif;NrdKU0efopfonf bk&ifcHcsKyf&mxl;ukd
vnf; BudK;pm;yef;pm; xrf;aqmifaMumif;ESihf ay:wl*DwkdYtm; rkef;wD;oljzpfaMumif; ay:wl*Dbkef;awmfBuD;
refe&pfu azmfjycJhayonf/ refe&pf\ awGU&Sdcsuft& if;NrdKU0efonf oHvsifNrdKUwGif 'Db&pfwkd iZuFm\
tusO;f om;tjzpf ay:wl*w
D \
Ydk i;f yef;ESyd pf ufr'I Pfudk cHc&hJ oljzpfaMumif; od&&dS ayonf/ tajctaersm;
aMumihf ay:wl*DwkdYtm; vufpm;acsvkdpdwf jyif;jyaeolyif jzpfayonf/ tjcm;aom owif;wpf&yf\tqkdt&
rl NrdKU0efopfonf ay:wl*DwdkYtm; aqGpOfrsKd;quf rkef;wD;vmcJholjzpfaMumif; if;rSm at'D 1603 ckESpfu
qif;'0pfuRef;rS ay:wl*DwdkY\ kwfw&uf wkdufckdufrIaMumifh 'D,if;*g;wGif usqkH;oGm;cJhaom ppfwaumif;NrdKU
0ef aoemywd\om;jzpfaMumif; qkdayonf/1
odkYaomf ppfwaumif;NrdKU0efum; wm0efESifh 0w&m;rsm;t& &mxl;vufcH&ef a&muf&SdNyD; rMumrDyif
(at'D 1628-29){nhfcHyGJwpfck usif;yjyKvkyf&m 'D,if;*g;ESihf ppfwaumif;&Sd ay:wl*Dt&m&Sd? t&mcHrsm;tm;
xkd{nhfcHyGJokdY wufa&muf&eftwGuf &if;ESD;pGmjzihf zdwfMum;cJhavonf/ ay:wl*DppfAkdvfrsm;vnf; aumif;ayh
qkdonfh t0wftpm;aumif;rsm; 0wfqifum ppfwaumif;NrdKU wHcg;0okdY pkkH;a&muf&Sdvm&m NrdKU0efu apvTwf
vkdufaom bifc&mtzGJUESihf ukd,f&HawmfwyfzGJUwkdYu BudKqkdNyD; NrdKUawmf0eftdrfodkY ac:aqmifoGm;avonf/
npmpm;yGJtNyD;wGif NrdKU0efrif;u rdefYcGef;ajymMum;&m ]]bk&ifrif;jrwf\ ,kHMunf&onfhtwkdif; e,fjcm;a'oukd
usL;ausmf0ifa&mufvmrnfh r*kd&efolrsm;tm; tpGrf;ukef umuG,fMu&efvkdaMumif;}} ponfjzihf rdefYMum;oGm;cJh
avonf/ xkd{nhfcHyGJwGif t&ufaomufyGJrsm;? uyGJrsm;yg0if&m nOfhvkH;ayguf aysmf&TifpGm usif;yavonf/2
odkYjim;aomfvnf; NrdKUawmf0efonf ay:wl*DwkdYtm; tvpfray; apmihfMunhfaecJhayonf/ refe&pf\
tmPmawmftwkdif;qkdvQif ay:wl*DwdkYukd &cdkifbk&ifu r,kHrMunfjzpfcJh&onfrSm usefcJhonfh ESpf(30)cefY
(at'D 1600)0ef;usifu pwifonf[k qkdayonf/ &ckdifbk&ifwkdYonf tE&m,fukd BudKwifjrifcJhMuonfjzpf
tajrmufwyfukd tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;ESihf wkd;csJUzGJUpnf;xm;cJhavonf/ *syef? tmzuefESifh jrefrmvlrsKd;pkrsm;
yg0ifonf/ tajctaersm;aMumihf ay:wl*Drsm;tm; rkef;wD;aom &ckdifNrdKU0efqkdonfrSm tqef;r[kwfovkd
rvkdvm;aom ay:wl*Drsm;tm; acsrIef;a&;twGuf &ckdifbk&iftm; avQmufxm;&efrSm tcuftcJ r[kwfygacs/
odkYaomf tajctaewGif ppfwaumif;ykdifeuf owaov (Chakrasala) &Sd b*FvDukvm;rsm;ESihf
ay:wl*D 'wfcsfwkdY yl;aygif;um 'um&Sd bk&ifcHcsKyfxH ppfwaumif;tm; odrf;ykduf&ef vQKdU0Sufpmwpfapmif
urf;vSrf;cJhonf/ 'umbk&ifcHtzkdY ppfwaumif;a'orsm;\ tultnD&&SdNyD[k 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfum
Mo*kwfv (1631-at'D) twGif; a&wyftvkHtavmufjzihf toifh&SdaprnfjzpfaMumif; *wdjyKvkdufonf/3
ppfwaumif;NrKd U0efvnf; odv
Yk QK0d u
S Bf upH nfrI ay;pmukd BuKd wifo&d cdS ahJ v&m &ckid b
f &k ifrif;jrwfxH csucf si;f tpD
&ifcH wifjyvku
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H Ydk at'D (1630)arvukew
f iG f ppfwaumif;
1/
2/
3/
A History of Chittagone P-266

Collis; Maurice-The Land of great Image
Manrique-1. P. 90
100
NrdKU0ef\ tpD&ifcHpm a&muf&SdoGm;cJhonf/ &ckdifbk&if oD&dok"r&mZmvnf; ukd,f&HBuD; (ppfAkdvfcsKyf)tm;

csufcsif;ac:,lNyD; wkdufavSBuD; (500)yg0ifaom &ckdifa&wyfBuD;ukd r*kdwkdYrvIyf&Sm;rD 'D,if;*g;odkY csDwufap
onf/ ay:wl*Drsm;onf odkYyif rMumcP opmazmufaeusjzpf jyif;xefpGm ta&;,l&ef qkH;jzwfcJhjcif;
jzpfrnf/ if;aemuf jzpfEdkifvQif ay:wl*Drsm;tm; tvpfwGif tHhtm;oifhavmufatmif wkdufckdufNyD; vufeuf
odr;f cJ&h rnf/ tu,f taMumif;rnDw
G cf ahJ omf 'D,if;*g;NrKd Utm; 0kid ;f xm;&rnf[k trdeaYf wmfjrwf rSwaf wmf
rlonf/
a&wyfBu;D jyifqifaeNy[
D al omowif;rSm ajrmufO;D a&TNrKd UawmfwiG f ae&mwum jyefEY UHS vsu&f adS vonf/
rkd;OD;usvmNyDjzpf ,ckvkd rkd;xJavxJrSm ppfqif&rnfhta&;rSm ao;i,faomudpawmh r[kwfwef&m[k
trsKd;rsKd; xifaMu;ay;aeMuonf/ onftxJ a&aMumif; uRrf;usifonfh ay:wl*DESihf ola&;&Sef;ujym;wyfawG
ukd yg0ifzGJUpnf;jcif; rjyKbl;? rac:bl;[lonhftcsufrSm ykdpdwf0ifpm;p&m jzpfaeavonf/ ajrmufOD;wGif
ay:wl*DvlrsKd; awmfawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdav&m if;wkdYvnf; txufygowif;twGuf pdk;&drfruif;&SdMuonfESihf
tcsi;f csi;f wkid yf ifMuum eef;awmftwGi;f xd tqifq
h ifh axmufvrS ;f pkpH rf;Muonf/ txl;ojzihf twif;tzsi;f
ajymwwfaom trsKd;orD; &Ha&Tawmfrsm;rSwqifh? owif;tcsKdU &&SdcJhavonf/ b,fowif;u rSefonfqkdonfh
tcsufukd qkH;jzwf& cufcJvSaomfvnf; &&Sdonfhowif;xJrS 'D,if;*g;ESihf ywfoufonfhowif;ukd pkaqmif;
um pmESpfapmif a&;om;ykdYcJhavonf/ wpfapmifrSm 'D,if;*g;&Sd bkef;awmfBuD;twGufjzpf usefwpfapmifrSm
ppfAkdvfrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/ ay:wl*Dowif;ykdY qwfom;onf ZGef 19 &ufaeYwGif ajrmufOD;rS xGufcGmcJhaomf
vnf; xkdv- 30 &ufwGif 'D,if;*g;NrdKUokdY qkdufa&mufcJhavonf/ rdrdtrsKd;twGuf jyif;xefvSaom rkwfokef
rk;d OD;&moDudk wGe;f vSeu
f m pGepYf m;oGm;vmcJah om qwfom;ay:wl*t
D m; pHxm;avmufayonf/ qwfom;a&muf
vmaomtcg bkef;awmfBuD; refe&pfonf tawmfyif wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;cJhavonf/ bmvkyf&rSef;rod?
a0cGJr&jzpfaeonf/ ppfAkdvfrsm;ESifh ay:wl*Dppfom;trsm;pkrSm uRefzrf;&ef ta0;okdY c&D;xGufaeMuonf/
ppfom;qkd zsm;usef&pfcJhaom *kHq,fwDbmtkd qkdolAkdvfBuD;wpfOD;om &Sdonf/ vGefcJhaomESpf(20)cefY
qif;'0pfuRef;wGif AkdvfvkyfcJhaom *kHq,fwDbmtkd\wljzpfonf/ if;yk*dKvfrSm ta&;ygaom yk*dKvfjzpf&m
refe&pfonf csufcsif;oGm;a&mufawGUqkHavonf/ AkdvfBuD;vnf; pmzwf&vQif rdrdtzsm;a&m*gukdyif owdr&
EkdifawmhbJ tjcm;toufBuD;&G,ftkd ppfom;a[mif; (3)OD;ukdyg ac:um refe&pfESihftwl wkdifyifaqG;aEG;Mu
avonf/
tbkd;BuD;rsm;\ tBuHay;csufrSm taumif;qkH;uawmh bkef;BuD;ukd,fwkdif AkdvfBuD;ESifhtwl &ckdifbk&ifh
eef;awmfta&mufoGm;NyD; ay:wl*DwkdY opmrazmufaMumif; ,ckvnf; bk&ifhtrIawmfxrf;zkdY e,fpyfa'ookdY
c&D;xGucf mG uif;vSnahf eMuaMumif; bk&ifBu;D a&Tem;awmfaygufatmif avQmufxm;apvkad Mumif; bke;f awmfBu;D
ukd,fwkdifavQmufxm;onfhtcsufukd bk&ifrif;jrwfu pdwfawmfajymif;NyD; &cdkdifa&wyfBuD;tm; qkdif;iHhrdefY
xkwfjyefay;EdkifaMumif;yifjzpfonf/ okdYESifh refe&pfESihf wDbmtkdwkdYonf aemufwaeY at'D(1630)ck Zlvkdifv
(2)&ufwGifyif c&D;xGufcGmvmcJhMuavonf/
&ckdifbk&if oD&dok"r&mZmum; tarQmftjrifBuD;rm; odrfarGUEl;nHhol jzpfonf[k refe&pfuqkdonf/
oHwrefa&;&mvnf; uRrf;usifvdrmonf[kqkdonf/ olonf tbufbufrS pOf;pm;qifjcifNyD; refe&pftm;
aumif;pGmvufcaH wGUqkcH o
hJ nf/ ay:wl*w
D t
Ydk m; rrIavmufaomudpj zihf ta&;,laqmif&u
G jf cif; ESrd ef if;jcif;jzihf
r*kw
d b
Ydk ufoYkd if;wkYd eD;pyfomG ;rnfudk wGuq
f cJ[
h efwal yonf/ if;aemuf 'D,if;*g;okYd csw
D ufrnfh &ckid af &wyf
rawmfBuD;tm; &yfqdkif;trdefY xkwfjyefvkdufavonf/ bk&if oD&dok"r&mZmtm; &mZy&d,m,f<u,f0vSay
onf/ refe&pftm; ajrmufOD;aejynfawmfwGif aexkdifcGihfay;um bmoma&;twGuf c&pf,mefbk&m;&Spfckd;
ausmif;wpfaqmif aqmufvkyfcGihfjyKcJhonf/ if;aemuf rMumcPac:,l awGUqkHum *kdtm&Sd ay:wl*Dbk&ifcH
csKyfESihf qufoG,f&ef Mum;vltjzpf tokH;cscJhayonf/ oD&dok"r&mZmonf rife&pftm; qifhac:NyD; ay:wl*D
vlrsKd;trsm;ukd r*kdrif;xH 0ifa&muftrIxrf;jcif;rS wm;jrpfaom trdefYwpf&yf xkwfjyefay;&ef arwm&yfcHonfh
o0PfvTmwpfapmif ykdYoifhrykdYoifh aqG;aEG;wkdifyifonf/ refe&pfu vuf&Sdbk&ifcHcsKyfESihf ,ciftqufquf
101
aom bk&ifccH sKyw

f Ydk vufxufuyif ,if;odYk trdex
Yf w
k b
f ;l aMumif; r*kw
dk EYdk iS fh qefu
Y siaf om rnfonfw
h idk ;f jynfudk
4
rqkd tultnDay;&ef TefMum;NyD;jzpfaMumif; avQmufwifcJhonf/
at'D 1633 ck atmufwkdbmvwGif *kdtm&Sd ay:wl*Dbk&ifcH csyfa'gifrDu,f'Daemf&Gef[m5\ wm0ef
ay;csuft& ol\txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f *wfpyg'DrufpwDwm6onf oD&dok"r&mZmESihf cspfMunfa&;pmcsKyf
csKyfqkd&ef ajrmufOD;odkY a&muf&Sdvmonf/ 1634 ck rwfvxd (5)vMumrS aqG;aEG;dEIdif;Muaomfvnf;
ay:wl*DwkdYu r*kdwkdYtm; twdtvif;qefYusifrI rjyKvkdMu oabmwlnDrI r&&SdyJ jyefcJh&onf/7
oD&dok"r&mZmvufxufwGif r*kdwkdYESihf qufqHa&; wnfNidrfcJhonf/ r*kdorkdif;rSwfwrf;8t&
ppfwaumif;a'o\ EkdifiHa&;orkdif;aMumif;ESihf xif&Sm;aom tjzpftysufwpfck &SdcJhavonf/ at'D 1624
ck arv yxrtywfwGif r*kdolykefrif;om; &Sm;*sD[ef(Shah Jahan)onf 'umNrdKUwGif acwckdvIHcJhavonf/
xkdtawmtwGif; olykefrif;om;xHokdY &ckdifbk&ifu oHwreftzGJUwpfzGJUukd lyDaiG wpfodef;wef &Sm;yg;aom
vufaqmifrsm;ESit
fh wl apvTwcf ahJ vonf/ olyek rf if;om;tm; r[mrdwt
f jzpf oHwrefapvTwq
f ufo,
G jf cif;
jzihf crnf;awmf r*kdbk&iftm; qefYusif&musaomfvnf; tem*wf r*kd&ckdifqufqHa&;twGuf rsm;pGmyif
taxmuftulrsm; &&SdcJhonf/ r*kdrif;om;onf t&m&mukd vkdufavsmay;cJhonfhtjyif ppfwaumif;tm;
&ckdifykdifeuftjzpf todtrSwfjyKay;cJhayonf/ r*kdrif;om;twGuf wpfckwnf;aom &nf&G,fcsufrSm a'vD
NrKUd awmfx;D eef; jzpf&m vkt
d yfygu &ckid b
f &k ifu uln&D efjzpfonf/ r*krd if;om;onf waeYaeYwiG f bk&if{u&mZf
jzpfvmrnfjzpf&m tkyfcsKyfaomumvwpfavQmufvkH; ppfwaumif;ukd &ckdifwkdYvufrS odrf;,ljcif; rjyK[laom
*wd*0wfjyKonf/ &cdkifbk&iftaeESihfvnf; xkdumvtwGif; r*kdykdifeuftwGif;odkY rnfonfhppfqifa&;rS
rjyKvkyf&efESihf &efvkdaom rnfonfhtjyKtrlrsKd;rS rjyKvkyf&ef [laomtcsufrsm;ukd oabmwlpmcsKyfcsKyfqkdMu
onf/9
rnfokdYyifjzpfapumrl at'D 1628 ckwGif &Sm;*sD[efonf r*kdxD;eef;ukd &&SdcJhNyD;aemufwGifum;
&ckdifESifhr*kdwkdYrSm ESpfEkdifiHe,fpyfwGif vIyf&Sm;Muaom ay:wl*DwkdYESihf ywfouf qufqHa&;wifrmvmcJhjyef
onf/ &Sm;*sD[efonf bmoma&; ukdif;Idif;oljzpf&m rdrdykdifeuftwGif; txl;ojzihf **Fgjrpfurf;&Sd [l*vD
wpfNrdKUvkH;eD;yg; bk&if*sDbmom0if ay:wl*DwkdY aexkdifMuNyD; vGwfvyfaome,fajryrm olwkdYukd,fwkdif tkyfcsKyf
aexkdifMuonfudk rESpfNrdKU/ rIpdrfhacs/ r*kd{u&mZf *sD[ef*D&f (Jehan Gir)b*Fvm;e,fukd odrf;oGif;NyD;aemuf
&ckdifwkdY\&efrS umuG,f&eftvkdYiSm at'D 1576 ck ESpfaemufykdif;wGif ay:wl*DwkdYtm; r[mrdwftjzpf
tajccsaexkdifcGifh jyKcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ay:wl*De,fcsJUwkdY\ xkH;pHtwkdif; cHwyfrsm;aqmufvkyfonfhtjyif
uRefukeful;jcif;ESihf yifv,f"m;jrvkyfief;rsm;ukdyg wkd;csJUvkyfukdifvmMu&m r*kdbk&if &Sm*sD[efonf 1632
ck ZlvkdifvwGif [l*vDtm; wkdufckdufacsrIef;vkdufavonf/11
ay:wl*Drsm;tm; wynhftjzpf 'D&if;um; (Dianga)wGif aexkdifcGifhjyKxm;aom &ckdifbk&if oD&dok"r
&mZmonf ay:wl*DwkdY [l*vDwGif acsrIef;cH&rnfukd rvkdvm;ay/ xkdYaMumifh owif;&vQif&csif; 'D&if;um;NrdKUrS
ay:wl*DwkdYtm; [l*vDrusqkH;a&;twGuf ppfulvTwfrdefYukd xkwfjyefcJhonf/ okdYaomf rkwfokef&moDOwk\
qkd;0g;rI'PfaMumihf [l*vDNrdKUusIH;NyD;rS a&muf&SdoGm;cJhonf/12
4/
Manrique, Travels. pp. 169-170
5/
Don Mrgual de Naronha
6/
Gasper de Masquita
7/
Manrique, Travel, PP. 322-323
8/
Paharistan . 1. PP. 710-711
9/
Jahangirnagar
10/ Pakaristan-1. 710-711
A History of Chittagone P-271
11/
12/
xGef;a&Tckdif-&cdkifa&S;a[mif;NrdKUawmfrsm;-pm-69
Collis, M. The Land of great Image P- 267
102
[l*vD ta&;tcif;aemufykdif;wGif ay:wl*DESihf &ckdifwkdYrSm ykdeD;pyfaygif;rdMuum b*Fvm;e,fodkY

rMumcP xkd;ppfrsm; qifETJMuonf/ refe&pf\rSwfwrf;t&rl &ckdifjynfajrmufOD; a&TNrdKUawmfwGif &SdaepOf
twGif; at'D(1630) rS (1635)ckESpftwGif; b*Fvm;e,frS aus;uReftjzpf vlaygif;(18000)cefYukd zrf;qD;
ac:aqmifcJhaMumif; od&Sd&ayonf/13
r*kdbk&if &Sm*sD[efonf [l*vDta&;tcif;rsKd; aemufxyfray:ayguf&atmif xddef;csKyf&if; a&wyf
t&mwGif uRr;f usiaf om ay:wl*?D 'wfcsw
f EYdk iS fh oifw
h ifah tmif owdxm;qufqv
H monf/ tjcm;bufwiG v
f nf;
ppfwaumif;&Sd tpvrfbmom0ifrsm;tm; aoG;wkd;ajrkmufyifhay;um ykefuefx<uaponf/ at'D(1625)
ckESpfwGif ppfwaumif;e,fwGif ykefuefrI ay:aygufcJh&m oD&dok"r&mZmonf jyif;jyif;xefxefESdrfeif;cJh
onf/14
oD&dok"r&mZmvufxufwGif at'D(1631)-rS (35)ESpftwGif; BuD;rm;aom iwfrGwfacgif;yg;rIBuD;
jzpfcJh&m ppfwaumif;a'ovnf; yg0ifcJhonf/ rkd;acgifoD;ESHrjzpfxGef;aomaMumifh aps;EIef;okH;av;q wufcJh
onf/15
at'D(1632)ckEpS w
f iG f tdE,
d okaYd &muf&cdS o
hJ l yDwmref'D (Peter Mundy)\ rSww
f rf;wGif ppfwaumif;
a'orSm w&m;0if r*kdwkdY ykdifqkdifaomfvnf; ,ckrl &ckdifbk&if\vufatmufwGif &Sdonf[kazmfjycJhonf/16
tcsufonf oD&dok"r&mZmvufxufwGif ppfwaumif;rSm &ckdifbk&if\vufatmufwGif &Sdao; aMumif;
xif&Sm;apavonf/
13/
14/
15/
16/
Manrique, Travels, P-286

Collis, M. trange Murder of King Thirithudhama, JURS Vol. XIII. I-26
The Dash Register, qt JBRS- 50 th Ann Pual.
No. 2, 1960 P-81
The Pravels of Pete Pundy, Vol II Hakluyt ociety P-152
103
rif;pae (at'D 1638)
oD&dok"r&mZm ewf&GmpHNyD;aemuf om;awmfrif;paeonf at'D 1638 ckwGif eef;wufonf/

eef;wuf 28 &uftMumwGif rdcifewf&Sifr,frdzk&m;ESihf trwfBuD; iukovwkdY yl;aygif;vkyfBuH ewf&Gm
pHonf/ if;aemuf rdzk&m;ewf&Sif\ tultnDESihf xD;kd;eef;kd;r[kwfol trwf iukovbk&ifjzpfvm&m
e&ywdBuD;bGJUukd cH,lonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif vkyfBuHcH&ol oD&dok"r&mZm\ OD;av;jzpfol rif;c&D (Mangat
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ta&;awmfykHrsm; ay:aygufaeonfukd tcGifhta&;,l ay:wl*DwkdY\ aus;uRef b*FvD wpfaomif;cefY
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owkd;rif;tm; &ckdifxD;eef;ukd qufcHonf/ ppfwaumif;wGif &ckdifwkdY\MoZm usqif;pjyK vmonf/
ppf w aumif ; vk H N cH K a&;twG u f ay:wl * D r sm;uk d vk H ; vk H ; vsm;vsm; tm;uk d ; tm;xm;jyKae&jcif ; u
ppfwaumif;NrdKUtm; ay:wl*Dyifv,f"m;jrrsm; usufpm;&m qdyfurf;NrdKUtjzpf ajymif;vJvmcJhavonf/
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1/
Charles Stewart, History of Bengal. P. 272 Campos, op cit. P-158
2/
History of India as told by its own Historiansed . H. Elliot and J. Dowson, VTI, P-66
3/
History of Bengol Vol. II. P. 331
104
pEok"r&mZm (at'D 1652-74)
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u &SmI*smtm; vma&mufBudKqkdac:,laom oabFmrsm;jzpfonf6 [kqkdonf/
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rSwfwrf;wifcJh&m &SmI*smtm; 'umrS 'D,if;*g;NrdKUodkY &ckdifa&wyfu OD;pD;ac:,lcJhaMumif; at'D 1660 ck?
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1/
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7/
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San Shwer Bu, The Report of the super-intendent Archacolo iael Burvey, Burma. 1921.
Rangoon. P-37. In opinion of GGE Hall, he was ''one of the best of the Arakanese
monarchas" (op-cit. p-398)
Hall, Dutch Relation, P-86
Ragamala, Chhatramanikya Khanda, P- 276
A History of Chittagone-P- 273
Harvey, G.E; The Fate of Shah Shuga. JSRS-XII, Pt 11 P-107
Sarkar, Jadunath; History of Aurengzib. Vol. III PP. 556-562
Bowrey, Thomas. P. 110 Elliet, H.V. and J. Dawson P. 254
Hall. DGE; SHAH SHUJA ANO...JBRS P. 89
105
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13/
om;awmfokH;OD;yg&Sdonf[kvnf; tcsKdUuazmfjyonf/
JACP-XI(1966) P-206
PBG. PT. IV No 2, p-56
Manuci, Nicoolio; Story of Mogul-PI-374-375
Bernier, ogul Bnpire, P- 176
106
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armif;a*guf(r*kd)zsufavvQif19 ...[l awGU&onf/
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&SmI*smta&;tcif;ESihf ywfouf taemufwkdif; okawoDwkdYuvnf; ta&;ay;azmfjyMuonf/
qmtmomz,f&m(Sir Arthur Phayre)u &ckdifbk&ifonf &SmI*sma&muf&SdNyD;aemuf rsm;rMumrD
if;\orD;wpfOD;tm; qufo&ef awmif;qkdcJhaMumif; r*kdrif;om;taeESihf bmomrwlonfhtjyif trsKd;jrwf
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u &ckdifjynfrS xGufcGmygrnfhtaMumif; ponfjzihf jyefMum;cJhonf/ okdYaomf csufcsif;xGufcGm&rnf[k &mZoH
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a&ESpfowfvkdufNyD; orD;ukd rdzk&m;ajrmufaMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/20
orkdif;ynm&Sif [may;ESihf &cdkiforkdif;ynm&Sif OD;pHa&TbkwkdYu &SmI*smonf &ckdifodkYa&mufaomtcg
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BudK;pm;onfhudptm; OD;aqmifcJhonhftwGuf &SmI*smtm; uGyfrsuf ZeD;ESihf om;awmf orD;awmfrsm;tm;
eef;awmf aexkid cf iG jfh yKcahJ Mumif; 'kw,
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20/
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Phayre, in Anthur, History of Burma. PP-178-179
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108
u ESif;qDyef;rmvmuJhodkY vSyaom orD;i,f (Pearce Barm) jzpfonf[k qkdonf/ &SmI*smu if;*kPfodum

ukd xdyg;aponf[k ,lqum cg;oD;pGm jiif;y,fcJhaMumif; if;aemuf &ckdifbk&ifESihf &SmI*smwkdYMum; tajctae
wif;rmcJhaMumif; qkdayonf/ &SmI*smvnf; a'ocHrkd'ifrsm;ESihf yl;aygif;um &ckdifxD;eef;ukd vk,l&ef BudK;pm;
BuHpnfaMumif; &ckdifbk&if\wyfrsm;\ ESdrfeif;jcif;ukd cH&aMumif; tapmykdif;owif;rsm;t& &SmI*smESihf
rdom;pktm; if;\tdrfteD;&Sd acsmif;xJodkYypfcsa&ESpf owfjzwfvdkufaMumif; tcsKdUowif;rsm;t& &SmI*sm
vGwaf jrmufomG ;aMumif; om;awmf orD;awmfwt
Ydk m; eef;awmfxo
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tMumwGif aemufxyfr*kdwkdY\ ykefuefrIjzpfvmaomtcgrlum; om;awmforD;awmfwkdY tquftEG,ftm;vkH;
okwfoifvkduf&aMumif; qkdayonf/23
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acwfNydKiforkdif; taxmuftxm;rsm;vnf; awGU&ayonf/ jyifopfvlrsKd; b,f&an;u &SmI*smonf
ajrmufOD;&Sd rlqvifrsm;ukd vQKdU0Sufpnf;kH;um at'D(1661)ckESpf azazmf0g&DvwGif &ckdifbk&if\eef;awmfukd
kwfw&uf0ifa&mufwkdufckdufNyD; rdrdukd,fukd &ckdifbk&if[k aMujim&ef BudK;yrf;cJhaMumif; rsufjrifukd,fawGU
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azmfjyxm;onf/24
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azmfjyxm;ayonf/26
&SmI*sm\ uHMurmESihfywfouf rsufjrifrSwfwrf;rsm;teuf 'wfcsfukefwkdufrSL;wkdY\ tpD&ifcHpmrsm;
onf tckdifrmqkH; twdusqkH;jzpfonf/ 'wfcsfwkdYonf xkdpOfu r*kdydkif b*Fvm;wGifvnf;aumif; &ckdifjynf
ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmfwGifvnf;aumif;? ukefwkdufrsm; zGifhvSpfxm;&Sd&m? &efbufESpfOD;\tajctaeESihf jyem&Sif
rdom;pk\ uHMurmukd tawmfyifwduspGm azmfjyEkdifayonf/ orkdif;ynm&Sif 'D*sDtDa[mvfu 'wfcsfwkdY\
tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ukd tajccH jrefrmEkdifiH okawoe*sme,fwGif xkdtaMumif;rsm;ukd a&;om;cJhayonf/
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b*Fvm;bk&ifcH &SmI*smrif;om;tm; zrf;qD;ay;a&;twGuf 'wfcsfwdkYtm; tultnDawmif;cHcJhaMumif; tpD&if
cHcJhayonf/27
(1660)ck Ekd0ifbm 29 &uf aeYpGJjzihf [l*vD(b*Fvm;jrpf0uRef;ay:&Sd) ukefwkdufrSL;u azmfjy&mwGif
&SmI*sm\ae&mwGif b*Fvm;bk&ifcH topfwpfOD;ukd cefYxm;aMumif; pufwifbm 15 &ufaeYwGif &SmI*smtm;
zrf;qD;a&;twGuf ppfqif&mwGif tokH;jyK&eftwGuf[kqkdum 'wfcsfoabFmrsm;tm; odrf;,lcJhaMumif; if;
aemufb*Fvm;bk&ifcH\ukd,fpm; &SmI*smtm; jyefvnfay;tyf&ef &ckdifbk&ifxH arwm&yfcH pmwpfapmifykdYcJh
aMumif; tpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjyxm;ayonf/ &cdkifbk&ifonf if;pmukd ta&;rxm;*krjyKonfhtjyif &SmI*sm
vufxufu olYtm;ykdifqkdifcGihfjyKxm;cJhonfh b*Fvm;e,ftcsKdUukd ykdifqkdifcGifhtwGuf ta&;qkdcJhayonf28/
&SmI*sma&muf&Sdaeaom &ckdifjynfajrmufOD;NrdKU&Sd 'wfcsfukefwkdufrSL; *g&pfAefAl;Awf (Garrit Van
Voerburg)u 'wfcsfXmecsKyfodkY &SmI*smESihfywfouf pmokH;apmifjzihf tao;pdwf a&;om;tpD&ifcHcJh
avonf/ &SmI*smtm; b*Fvm;rS &cdkifykdifeuf 'D,if;*g; (ppfwaumif;wpfbufurf;)NrdKUodkY a&aMumif;jzihf
ac:aqmifc&hJ m (1660)ck ZGev
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dS maMumif;? if;rSwqifh ajrmufO;D NrKd UawmfoYkd Mo*kwv
f
23/
24/
25/
26/
27/
28/
Hall. D.G.E, Shah Shuja. JERS. P-89 vol-xII, PL II. P. 107

Bernier, Mogul Empire, PP-176-177
Harvey, GE. The fafe of Shah Shuja; 1661, JBRS. Vol XII, PL II, P. 107
Manucdi, Mogor, PP-376-378
Hall, D.G.E, Shah Shuja and ..... P- 89
Hall. D.G.E; Shah Shuja and ....P-89
109
(26)&ufaeYwGif a&muf&SdaMumif; ppfajy;rif;om;tm; NrdKUawmf\txufbufwGif yg;,drfjzihfxm;aMumif;?

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b*Fvm;rS 'D,if;*g;odkYtvm vrf;c&D;wGif &ckdifa&wyfwGif zGJUpnf;xm;aom ay:wl*DwdkY\vk,ufrIaMumihf
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70rS 80 txd&adS om r*kv
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ESdrfeif;jypf&m rdom;pk0ifokH;OD;ukdom csrf;omcGihfay;aMumif; azmfjyxm;ayonf/29
ajrmufOD; 'wfcsfukefwkdufrSL;\ tpD&ifcHpmwGif quf &SmI*sm\ykefuefrIrSm azazmf0g&D(7)&uf
(1661)ckjzpfaMumif; &ckid ef ef;awmfudk odr;f yku
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owif;rsm;rjyefYa&;? EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm; Mum;0ifrpGufzufa&;twGuf pepfwus pDpOfumuG,fxm;aMumif;?
vrf;rsm;ay:wGif uif;vSnhfwyfzGJUrsm; tNrJawGU&aMumif; jrpfacsmif;rsm;wGifvnf; &ckdifa&wyfu EkdifiHjcm;
oabFmrsm;tm; rsufajcjywfrcH apmifhMuyfMunfhIaeaMumif;? tdEd,r[mar'ifrsm; wifaqmifxm;aom
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aMumif; azmfjyxm;ayonf/ &ckdifAkdvfcsKyfu vkdufvHzrf;qD;&m om;BuD; (Ban Sulthan) ESihf om;ti,fqkH;ukd
zrf;rd tusO;f csxm;aMumif; &SmI*smESifh if;\om;tvwf (Saan Sulthan)wkrYd mS Bwyd &l odYk vGwaf jrmufomG ;
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tpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjyxm;ayonf/ azazmf0g&D 22 &ufaeYwGif xGufay:vmaompmwGif owif;t&
&SmI*smtm; 0&rf;ajy;tjzpf aMujimxm;aMumif;? if;&Sio
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rawGU&aMumif;? rdzk&m;BuD;ESifh orD;awmfrsm;ukd bk&ifheef;awmftwGif; aexkdifcGifhjyK xm;NyD; om;awmfrsm;
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29/
30/
31/
,if;-pm-90
Hall, D.G.E; Shah Shuja. PP-88-90
Hall D.G.E; Shah Shuja and ...JBRS 50th An. P-89
110
a&muf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf/ 1664 ckk {NyDvwGif &ckdifjynfajrmufOD;rS 'wfcsfukefwkdufrSL;\pmwGif tqkdygowif;

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32/
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bDvl;MumyGihfukdifykH? (16) vuf,mbufajcaxmufaxmif b,fajccstxufykdif;ysuf? (17) ykHqifacgif;kyfykHwkdY
jzpfMuonf/
twGif;bufrsufESm ta&SUrS taemufodkY (1) bDvl;BuD; (2) ysuf (3) ysuf (4) ysuf (5) ysuf? (6)
rdef;r\OD;qHyifaemufcs (7) azmif;aqmif;wpfOD; 'l;axmuf&Spfckd; (8) aAmif;wpfOD;? (9) a,musFm;wpfOD;ESihf
rwpfO;D yk?H (10) aAgif;&pfaqmif;wpfO;D &yfvsuf vufEpS b
f ufcsxm;ykH (11) *VKe&f pS cf ;dk [ef (12) aAmif;aqmif;
'l;axmufxidk &f cdS ;dk ykH (13) ysu'f ;l axmuf[efatmufyidk ;f usef (14) wv
d *FyrHk ed ;f rwpfO;D u a,musmf ;wpfO;D ukd
zsufqD;aeykH (15)ewfjA[mwpfOD;ykH (17) AsmvykH
taemufrsufESm(ysufpD;)NyD;jzpfonf/
&Spaf omif;ajrmufbufrsuEf mS wGif tvm;wlapwD&rH sm;tMum;wGif ausmufom;kyrf sm; &So
d nf/ tjyif
bufwGif ta&SUrStaemufokdY tpOD;txkdif; (1) bDvl;xkdifaeykH (2) aAmif;aqmif;wpfOD; Mumzl;ukdifaeykH
(3) aAmif;aqmif;wpfO;D xkid f (4) ysuf (5) ysuf (6) ysuf (7) e*g;wpfaumif Mumzl;uku
d yf Hk (8) a,musmf ;wpfO;D
u rwpfOD;b,fbuf om;jrwfukd b,fvufESihf ukdifaeykH (9) bDvl;wpfaumif jrif;ukd pD;aeykH (10) ysuf
(11) ysuf (12) ysuf (13) ysufwkdY awGU&onf/ twGif;bufwGif ta&SUrStaemufokdY (1) aAmif;aqmif;wpfOD;
118
uae[ef (2) Mumzl;ukdifaeykH (3) aAmif;aqmif;wpfOD;&Spfckd;ae[ef (4) EGm;acgif;ykH (5) vlwpfOD; "m;ukdukdif
vQuf ta&SUokdYvSnhfrnfh[ef a&SUwGif iSufaysm&Gufwpf&Guf a&SUem;wGif&Sdonf/ (6)ysuf (7) e*g;ykH (8)
vlwpfO;D 'g;uku
d idk
f bDv;l ukd ESrd ef if;yk?H bDv;l u wkid b
f ,fbufudk yg;pyfxw
J iG u
f u
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f m; (9) MumyGit
fh qifq
h ifh
aemufcHvQuf trsKd;orD;wpfOD; &Spfckd;aeykH (10) ysufpD;
&Spfaomif;ykxdk;awmfBuD; wnfpu ynm&Sifrsm;tpDtrHjzihf kyfykHrsm; pepfwus&SdcJhrnfjzpfaomfvnf;
aemufykdif;wGif ysufpD;cJh&onf/ tcsKdUrSm rlvae&mwGif a0omvDrS ,lcJhaomykHrsm; tpm;xm;cJhonf/ tajc
taeukd BudKwifwGufqcJhMuaom ynm&SdwkdYonf vuFmjzihf rSwfwrf;wifcJhonf/ &Spfaomif;bk&m;wpfckvkH;\
vQKdU0Sufpepf qef;Mu,fykHukd pmjzihf rSwfwrf;wifcJhonf[k od&ayonf/ odkYaomf ,ck jynhfpkHpGm rawGU&awmh/
awGU&Sd&aom uAsmwpfykdif;wpfp &Spfaomif;ykxkd;\awmifbuf rsufESmpm&Sd kyfvkH;kyfxktaMumif;jzpfonf/
&Spfaomif;bk&m; wnfarmfuGef;pmayrlrS jzpfonf[kqkdonf/
]]tkad vjynfo?l tkv
d rl sm;wk?Yd ou&mZf &Sp&f m? uk;d q,frmS vQi?f pGe;f tifEpS cf k jzpfonfaumZm? wnfonf
&mum;? rnfomwGifx jrwfAk'vQif? jypfxrsm;pGm Ekig;&mESihf aemifvm&Spfaomif; bk&m;aygif;um; kyfaygif;
rsm;pGm &SdonfrSm zwfr&? &Sif&Spfaomif;wGif? wifhaMumif;wnf&m? awmif zwfr&? jzpfonfrSefpGm? kyfaygif;rSm
um;? ta&SUup? aemufodkYusatmif? rsm;ajrmifrEk? vlxkdrQwkdY? odMuapiSg? armfuGef;jzmtHh? wnfvSmtp?
yxrum;? Bu;D vSwefc;dk 0wp;dk [k;d [k;d ausmo
f m;? ewfoMd um;vsu?f qifvb
S ek ;f oif?h {&m0ifu?dk pD;[efxadk jrmuf?
xkduavQmufaomf? tHhavmufp&m? r[mydEJ? ewfol&JvQif? aeavusifonf? rnfwGif0drv zwfr& r[douRJ?
xkduvGJaomf? aeaysmfarsmufrif;? wGifjcif;emr? BuD;awZmESifh? tmVm0u? rEkESifh? oD[&mZm? rnfonm
[k? a'0gbDvl;? pG,fjyL;jyL;ESihf? l;l;ysufpD;? &SdavwdrS? w#dum&m? xkdjA[mvQif? aevSmNyD;aomf? r,fawmfewf
om;? Mumzl;rsm;ESifh? GwfwGm;aumfa&mf? ylaZmfayrS? rnfvSwGifoD;? ppfolBuD;ESihf? wdvd*F? &aohvSukd?
rdef;rpkdvDeDbm? vSypGmvQif? zsufvmay[ef? qifq'efESifh? rmef[kefBuD;pGm? auo&mZm? pOfvmrnfrSwf?
bl&d'wf[k? jyKvwfaocsm? kyfaygif;rSmum;? yOmpum;? wpfq,fhig;wnf;? jcm;em;aooyf? &SdvufxkHaxG?
usefavwbuf? rsufESmxufwGif? ukdifvsufaomif;aomif;? Mumzl;aygif;ESifh? taumif;rSefpGm? ewfrsm;ygonf/
aemifvmtpOf rSwfbG,fwnf;/
oQpfaomif;ykxkd;awmfBuD;rSm vIdPf(5)xyf&Sdonf/ if;wGif apwDtBuD;ESihf t&HapwD(26)ql&Sdonf/
ow0doeuwf(27)vkH;ukd &nf&G,faMumif;qkdonf/ apwDawmfBuD;ESifh t&HapwDawmfrsm;\ ykHoPmefrSm
a0omvDESihf "n0wDNrdKUa[mif; ae&mtESHYtjym;rS awGU&Sd&aom ausmufpwlyg ykHpHESihf qifwlayonf/
"mwk *Aacx: "mwfawmfwkdufrSm ukAykH&Sdonf/ ta0;rSMunhfygu acgif;avmif;arSmufykHpHjzpfonf/
twGif;bufvIdPf*lrSm vuf,m&pf ckywfvIdPfjzpfonf/ rif;ygbk&ifonf bk&m;avmif; a0oE&m
rif; aexkid af om 0uFygawmifuo
hJ Ykd tauGUtaumufrsm;jzihf wefqmqifjyKvyk af ponf[k qko
d nf/ ykx;dk awmf
\ awmifbufEiS fh taemufbufww
Ydk iG f tjyifvP
dI w
f pfxyf&o
dS nf/ txyfwiG f 2ay 6vufrcefu
Y s,af om
*lrsm;ukd 7aycGJcefY tuGmta0;jzihf nDnmpGm jyKvkyfxm;onf/ bk&ifESihf rdzk&m;rsm; vIdPf*ltwGif; OykofoDv
aqmufwnfaepOf apmifhMuyf&aom &Jrufrsm;twGuf ]]ol&Jckd}}oabmrsKd; jyKvkyfxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ ojyifwGif
jzpftvif;a&mifvnf; aumif;pGm&&So
d nf/ *lxyf\twGi;f vrf; vuf,mbufwiG f 'kw,
d odYk tvif;a&mif
&&Sdap&eftwGuf tvm;wl wHcg;aygufrsm;&Sdonf/ ,if;wHcg;aygufrsm;tMum;wGif zwfr& wpfckESifhwpfck
Mum;wGif awmifbufokdYvSnhf wpfqluspD xkvkyfxm;&m tm;vkH; (11)ql&Sdonf/ taemuf ajrmufjcrf;tjyif
vIdifxyfwGif awmifbufykdif; wHcg;ESpfckawGU&&m xkdwHcg;ESpfaygufrsm;wGif wpfaygufESihf wpfyg;ESifhwpfyg;
ausmjcif;uyfvQuf ESpfyg;uspD? pkpkaygif;(4)yg&Sdonf/
txufwGifazmfjycJhaom tjyifvIdPfxyfESihf 'kwd,vIdPfxyfMum;eH&HwGif awmifbufjcrf;wGif wHcg;
(10)ayguf taemufjcrf;wGif (6)ayguf? ajrmufbufjcrf;wGif (10)ayguf azmufvyk x
f m;onf/ 'kw,
d xyftm;
tvif;a&mifudk &&Sad p&ef jzpfEidk o
f nf/ okaYd omf tvif;a&mifudk xde;f onfo
h abmjzihf tqkyd gwHcg;wpfaygufpD
wGif (4ay 2vufr)tjrihf&Sd xkdifawmfrlESpfyg;pDukd ausmjcif;uyfvQuf taetxm;jzihf taygufwkdif;wGif
119
xkvkyfxm;onf/ taemufbuf wHcg;ukd;aygufteuf wpfaygufrSm tjyifbuf bdodufcef;odkYxGuf&ef

wHcg;tjzpf tokH;jyK kyfyGm;qif;xkr&Sdacs/ &Spfaomif;ykxkd;awmfBuD;\ taemufbufyxrvIdPfxyf\
tjyifbuf(taemufbuf)wGif NydKysufaeaom cef;rBuD;wpfck&Sdonf/ xkdcef;rawmifbuf wpfqufwnf;
pwk*HykHtcef;&Sdonf/ tcef;rSm bk&if\bdoduf zwfr& oDvaqmufwnf&mtcef; jzpfonf/
'kwd,vIdPfxyfrSm pwk&ef;ykHjzihf twGif;vIdPfxyfukd ywf&Hxm;onf/ awmifbuf? taemufbuf?
ajrmufbufwGif OrifozG,f ykxkd;ESihf rifcukdywf wpfbufwGif ay(104)cefYpDtnD&SdNyD; ta&SUbufjcrf;rSm
ykxkd;awmfBuD; tmkHcHodrftjzpf wnf&Sdonf/ 'kwd,vIdPftwGif;wGif &ckdif,Ofaus;rI ausmufqpfvuf&mrsm;
xkvkyfxm; &Sd&m vIdPftwGif;yg tmkHcHwefaqmif;\paeaxmihf(taemufawmifaxmihf)rSpwif
0ifa&mufEkdifonf/
axmifhrS 0ifa&mufvmygu 'kwd,vIdPfxyf\ awmifbufjcrf;odkY a&mufonf/ vIdPf\vuf0J
bufwGif txufwGif azmfjycJhonhftwkdif; tvif;a&mifwHcg;rsm;ESihf xkdwHcg;rsm;wGif wnfxm;onfh qifwl
kyfyGm;(10)ckukd tuGmta0;wlnDpGmjzihf pDwef;zl;arQmfEkdifonf/
vuf,mbufwpfavQmuf eH&u
H dk tqifah jcmufqifzh UJG vQuf ausmufqpfvuf&mrsm;tjynfh xkvyk x
f m;
onf/ xkt
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eufaom ausmufwGif;i,frsm;ukd tuGmta0;tnDjyKvQuf qDrD;cGuf(oPmefpDwef;)jyKvkyfxm;onf/
xkdausmufrD;cGufay:wGif rD;Zmwifd&ef tajrmif;i,fwpfckESifh rD;Zmxm;&ef qDusefpkae&efae&mukd twef
i,fcGufaeatmif jyKvkyfxm;onf/ ykxdk;awmf\'kwd,vIdPfywfwpfavQmuf awGU&aomrD;cGufrSm atmufyg
twkdif;&Sdonf/ rD;cGuftwkdif; xGef;dygu ausmufqpfvuf&mrsm;\ tao;pdwfvuf&mukd aeYa&mnyg
jrifawGUEkdifrnfjzpfonf/
&S p f a omif ; yk x k d ; awmf 'k w d , vI d P f t wG i f ; awG U &onf h } }
]]&S
awmifbufrsufESm ausmufqDrD;cGufrsm; txufqifh
=
116
tv,fqifh
=
130
atmufqifh
=
129
taemufbufrsufESm
txufqifh
=
110
tv,fqifh
=
117
atmufqifh
=
124
ajrmufbufrsufESm
txufqifh
=
110
tv,fqifh
=
134
atmufqifh
=
126
pkpkaygif;
=
1104
'kwd,vIdPfxyf\ tay:qkH;xyfwGif e*g;rif;? *VKefrif;? ,urif;? *krmefrif;? ,urif;? *Eyewfrif;
rsm;? t&mwpfyg;aom vlrif;rsm;wkdYu Mumzl;ukdif &Spfaomif;ykxkd;awmftm; uefawmhae[ef jyKvkyf
xm;onf/
'kw,
d vIP
d x
f yf\ awmifbufjcrf;
yxrqkH;awGU&aom awmifbufvIdPfywfvrf; vuf,mbufwGif Ak'bk&m;ocif\ edygwfawmf
ig;&mhig;q,ftxJrS taMumif;tcsufrsm;ukd tajycH kyfvkH;kyf<ursm;jzihf xkvkyfxm;onf/ xkdb0rsm;onf
oefYpifaomb0? olwpfyg;ESdyfpufrIuif;onfh b0aygif; (136)b0ukdom azmfjyonf[k od&onf/
awmifbufrsufESm atmufqkH;tqifhwGif BudK;MumiSuf (16)? [oFm(9)? ckd(6)? usD;(3)? u&0dwf(5)?
udE&m(4)? pmr&D(15)? arsmufESpfaumiftNrD;rSm csdefoD;ESihf aemufxyfarsmuf(4)acgif;(4)&Sdonf/
'kwd,tqifhwGif ta&SUrStaemufokdY 0uf(11)? Muuf(12)? omvdum(7)? a'gif;(2) uRJ(8)? jrif;(1)?
120
EGm;(14)? qif(11)? [kdif;qifESpfaumifyg&Sd? arsmuf(3)qif[k xif&aom trsKd;rcGJEkdif(2)wkdYjzpfonf/

wwd,tqifhwGif ta&SUrStaemufodkY usm; 4? jcaoFh1? orif 3? EGm; 1? uRJ 2? qif2? usD;uef; 1?
jrif; 2? jcaoFh 2? acG; 2? qwf 2? '&,f2? usm; 2? rEkoD[1? jcaoFh 2? awm0uf 1? '&,f 1? vl 1? ow0g
wpfaumifukd &aohtpmauR;ae[ef? vlopfukdif;wGif xkdifaeykH 1? orifukd rkqkd;zrf;aeykH? uae[ef 4?
arsmuf1? rdacsmif; 2? ajcav;acsmif;orifESifh vl 2? tarmufESifhiSuf 1? usD; 4 aumif? Asmv 1? owfykwfae
[efvl 2? ig;ukdwkdufysHiSuf 1? ,if;atmufu arsmuf1? &Sdckd;vl 1? arsmuf 2? opfawmufiSuf2? tyifESihfiSuf
3aumif? vnfwefarT;ESihf(4)acsmif; 2? rkqkd;qlav[ef 1? jcaoFh 1? orif 1? EGm; 1? a'gif; 2? vnfqHarT;
yg;jyif;jcaoFh[l 3aumifwkdY&Sdonf/
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f efvl 1? ,yfuidk [
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Muuf 6? a'gif; 2? iSuf 2? ayG;2? y'g 2? iSufqif 1? a>yukdifvl 1? usD;uef; 2? orif 1? ukvm;tkyf 1?
usD;uef; 2? a'gif; 2? BudK;Mum 2? acs 2? atmufcsif; 3? uRJ 2? orif 2? jcaoFh 2? ajracG; 2? jcaoFh 1? rdr
1? a,musFm; 1? jrif; 1? vl;pD;aeaomjrif; 1? vl 1? bDvl; 1? u[ef 2? xkdifrdef;r 1? [oFm 1? usD; 1?
vrfukdifvl 2 wkdYjzpfonf/
yOrtqifhwGif trsKd;orD; 3? xkdif[efvl 2OD;? *Gif;wpf*Gif;ukd qGJae[ef? qif 1? iSuf 1? rEkoD[
2? iSuf 1? jrif; 2? udE&m 2? usD; 1? Muuf 2? ig; 2? jrif;ESihfvl 1? jrif; 1? qif 2? jrif; 2? iSuf 11? bDvl;
1? vl 2? ajcav;acsmif; atmufcsif;iSuf 2? tjcm;iSuf 5 wkdY awGU&onf/
q|rtqifhwGif rdef;r 1? trwf 1? bDvl; 1? vl[eftrsKd;rsKd;ESihf 7? bDvl; 1? vl 6? rdef;r 2? bDvl;
1? vl 1? rdef;r 1? vl 29? &Sdcdk;ykH 1? &aoh 1? olawmf 1wkdY&Sdonf/
'kw,
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'kwd,vIdPfxyf\ taemufbufykdif; vuf0JbufeH&HwGif trsm;tm;jzihf vlrIa&; kyfvkH;kyf<ursm;
ukd awGU&aomfvnf; aus;Zl;rodwwfaom jcaoFhrdkufZmwf(ovkH;uZmwf)?)? plEky'HkrZmwf? 'oygwdu nDaemif
wusdwfZmwf? aus;Zl;odwwfaomvdyf? paom Zmwf0ifcef; kyfpkHrsm;awGU&onf/ if;jyif xkdacwfu acwfpm;
cJhaom qDrD;cGuftu? yk0gtu? pnftu? qiftu? ponfhenf;rsKd;pkH? usifyGJ? eyef;owf[ef? wkwfokdif;
upm;[ef? vufwidk ;f upm;[ef paomtm;upm;enf; okyaf zmfyrHk sm; aoe*FAsL[musr;f vm qifrsm;ukpd pfx;dk
&mwGif tok;H jyKy?Hk avhusiyfh ?Hk 'kid ;f vTm;rsm;ukid
f wku
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ykavG? wd`rTm? wif;aumuf? ysufapmif;? quGif;if;? pnf? a&maZmuf? c&m`rTm? yavG? ponfjzihf trsKd;rsKd;
awGU&onf/
tqifhajcmufqifh&Sdonfhteuf atmufqkH;tqifhwGif jrnf; 2? orif 1? trnfrod 2? orif 1?
usm; 2? uRJ 2? acs ? jcaoFheum; 1? jrif; 8? qif 1? iSufqif 1? jcaoFh 2? jrif; 2? jcaoFhESihfvl 1? zwfr&?
qif 2? *VKef 2? ukvm;tkyf 1? jrnf; 1? usm; 1? qif 1? uRJ 2? jrif; 2? qif 2? qdwf 2? EGm; 2? orif 2?
jcaoFh 2? arsmuf 2? qif 3? EGm; 2? orif 2? [oFm 2? odef; 2? usD; 2? acG;t 2? rod 2? AsKdif;ig;ukduf 1?
ckd 2? rod 2 wkdYjzpfonf/
'kwd,tqifhwGif qif 1? rod 1? usD;iSufu usm;yg;pyfwGif tkd;wGif[ef 1? vlxkdif u3? acG;1?
usm; 1? [oFm 1? a'gif; 1? usifukdifykH 2? Muuf 1? qdwfEGm; 1? iSuf 2? rEkoD[ 2? vlu 1? jrif; 2?
MuufESpfaumif 1? vlykig;yg;tu 2? bkef;BuD;tu 1? pnfckwfpD;aeykH 1? c&m`rTmrIwfae[ef 1? rod 2?
wkwfokdif;uaeykH 1? rod 1? a>rrIwfckH 1? qiftu 1? 'kdif;ukdifqif1? vlqifzef;[ef 1? qifu[ef 1?
bDvl;'kdif;ukdif 1? pmr&D 1? rod 1? wkd;e,m; 2? <uuf 1? uRrf;xkd;u[ef 1? ajcav;acsmif; 11? zGwfESpfaumif
rdwfvkdufykH 1? 'kwfukdif0ufr bDvl; 1? usifukdif[ef 2? usifuGuf 1? usifukdifvufukd ajrukdcsykH 2? vl&yf 1?
'kwfukdif[ef 4? vlu[ef 2? tjcm; 1? 'kwfukdif rEkod[ 1? e,m; 1? e,m;NrD;ukef;zGm; 1? e,m; 1? rEkoD[
1? qif 1?
121
wwd,tqifhwGif e*g;? Asmv 2? rod 1? jcaoFh 2? Muufqif 2? qif 1? zGwf 1? jcaoFh 1? Asmv1?
rod 2? jrif; 1? 'kwfukdifu 2? EGm; 2? qif 1? iSuf 1? tjcm; 1? bDvl; 1? Asmv 1? iSuf 1? arsmuf 2aumif
opfoD;vSLykH? rkqkd;av;xrf; vdyfckdudkif? orifajcu ausmhuGif;ukdukduf ([dawya'oZmwd) orif 1? qif 1?
vl 2? 'kwf 2ckukdukdifvl 2? bDvl; 2? bDvl; 1? [dE&mw? Muuf 2? vl 1? ckdif;vkduf,l 1? ckdif;&Snfukdifvl 1?
orifom;trd 2? 0uf0H 1? e,m; 1? e*g;vlr"loD[ 2? qdwf 1? vlqdyf 2? rod 3? usifudkif 2? A smv 2?
av;ukdif 1? uRJ 1? rod 1? jcaoFh 1?
pwkwtqifhwGif ,yfukdif 3? qDrD;cGuftu 1? &ifcGifykduf apmif;wD; 1? yswfapmif;wD; 1? vifuGif;wD;
1? a&m`yTmrIwf 1? pdefckwfwD; 1? usKD; 3? qif,Of 1? qifdkif; 1? vlcg;ukef;qHyifudkifxm; 1? rdacsmif;ukd vlpD;
1? usm; 2? orif 2? usD;uef; 1? Muufwla&G; 1? a'gif; 1? Muufwla&G; (usD;) 4? cg; 2? iSuf 2? a'gif; 1? iSuf
1? a&SmufwvdefiSuf(qGwfuqkH) 2? iSuftpmcGH 2? pmuav; 2? jcaoFh 2? rod 2? iSuf 1? iSuf 2? acG;wl0uf
wl 2? usm; 1? vSHukdifvl 1? usm; 1? orif 1? qif 1? *VKef 2? bDvl; 1? vltdwfckH 1? rod 3? xD;aqmif;vl
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122
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125
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1
2
3
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Farehharmer, E. ARAKAN (Rangon 1891) P 38-39

Gutman, Pamela, Dr. Amerent Arakan P 223, P 278. PP 114-17
Tun Shwe U. A Guide to Mrauk-U P 69
San Shwe Bu Wunti Nat JNRS Ix (1919) pT. i, pp 52-53
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ay:wl*DjrefrmqufqHa&;
vlrIodyH*sme,f wGJ(2) tykdif;(2)
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&ckdifa&S;a[mif;NrdKUawmfrsm; (1985)
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(*) ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmifbuf&dS bk&m;rsm;

(C) ajrmufO;D NrKd U taemufbufjcrf;&Sd bk&m;rsm;

(i) ajrmufO;D NrKd U taemufawmifbuf&dS bk&m;rsm;

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

om,mvSyaom IarQmfcif;rsm;ESihf rSwfom;p&m? avhvmp&m? orkdif;0iftaqmuftOD;rsm; jynhfvQrf;

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

pydef? ay:wl*Dpaom taemufEkdifiHom; ukefonfrsm;vnf; yg0ifayonf/ okdY te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

ajrmufOD;eef;oufwavQmuf ESpfaygif;&mESihfcsD? jynfytE&m,frsm; uif;a0;apNyD; at;aq;om,m

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

ajrmufOD;NrdKUonf ajrmufvwDwG'f 20'D*&D 25rdepfESihf ta&SUavmif*sDwG'f 93'D*&D 11rdepfwkdY

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

trsK;d aygif; wpf&mausmrf Qaom Ekw

(i) t0wftpm; taetxkid f

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

aMumihf (Rakhine)ukd Arakan [k ac:Muygoenf;/

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

uefo;Hk qifNh rKd U (bDpD 16 &mpk)

eDvmyef;awmif; (bDp-D 16 &mpk)

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

ausmufyef;awmif;NrKd U (bDpD 16 &mpk)

wwd,"n0wD (bDpD 580 rS 326 xd)

a0omvD (at'D 327-776)

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

a&muf&Sdukd;uG,frI taxmuftxm;tcsKdUukd awGU&onf/ a0omvDp`Em;bk&ifrsm;onf tjcm;aom

ajrmufO;D NrKd U (at'D 776-792)

yxr pr0ufNrKd U (at'D 792-818)

yOmNrKd U (at'D 818-1103)

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

ezl;wGif wnf&Sd wkdufpm;rI'gPfukd jyif;xefpGm cHpm;&jcif;wkdYaMumihf jzpfEdkifonf/

yxravmif;MuufNrKd U (at'D 1103)

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

'kwd,pr0ufNrdKUwGif yOLoifrif;onf (2)ESpfcefY eef;pHNyD;aemuf pGefYcGmcJhNyD; at'D 1163 ckESpfwGif

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

toD;oD;ae&m,lMuvQuf? awmifbufu rdef;ru ajrmufzufu rdef;rukd ]][,fa,muajrmufOD;}}}}ig;&\avm

ajrmufO;D NrKd Uawmf

ajrmufOD;NrdKUol&yfom;rsm;onf a&S;bk&ifrsm;vufxufuyif tpOftvm&SdcJhonfhtwkdif; e,kefv

ajrmufOD;NrdKUonf ajrmufvwDwG'f 20'D&D 25rdepfESihf ta&SUavmifsDwG'f 93'D*&D 11rdepfwkdY