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  • BTD Hist

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    aunghakei
    426 views234 pages
    1) The document discusses various topics related to Burma such as its history, economy, culture and politics from 1941-1942 and 1994. 2) It provides detailed information on different sectors in Burma like agriculture, trade, resources, education and healthcare during these time periods. 3) The document is organized by time period and topic, with various sub-sections and statistical data included.

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    Original Title

    btd_hist

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    1) The document discusses various topics related to Burma such as its history, economy, culture and politics from 1941-1942 and 1994. 2) It provides detailed information on different sectors in Burma like agriculture, trade, resources, education and healthcare during these time periods. 3) The document is organized by time period and topic, with various sub-sections and statistical data included.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    426 views234 pages

    BTD Hist

    Uploaded by

    aunghakei
    1) The document discusses various topics related to Burma such as its history, economy, culture and politics from 1941-1942 and 1994. 2) It provides detailed information on different sectors in Burma like agriculture, trade, resources, education and healthcare during these time periods. 3) The document is organized by time period and topic, with various sub-sections and statistical data included.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 234

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    bll;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f
    jzpfpOforkdif;

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    rmwdu m
    pOf

    taMumif; t&m

    (u)
    (c)
    (*)
    (C)

    (i)

    (p)
    (q)
    (Z)
    (ps)
    (n)
    (#)

    2
    (u)
    (c)
    (*)
    3
    (u)

    2
    tykdi f; (1)
    yx0D0 ift aetxm;
    wnffae&mESSift
    h us,ft0ef;
    ajrrsufESmoGifjyif
    &moDOwk
    jrpfacsmif;tif;tkdifrsm;
    (1) jrpfrsm;
    (2) acsmif;rsm;
    (3) tif;tkdifrsm;
    awmifrsm;
    (1) ar,kawmifwef;
    (2) pkdif;'if(pdef'if)awmifwef;
    (3) rif;BuD;awmifwef;
    vGifjyifrsm;
    rkd;a&csdef
    blrdaA'
    ajrqDvTm
    obm0aygufyifrsm;
    awGU&Sd&aomwd&pmefrsm;
    (1) iSufrsm;
    (2) wGm;oGm;ow0grsm;
    (3) ig;rsm;
    tcef; (2)
    orkdi f; aMumif; ESi hft pOft vm
    orkid ;f tpOftvm
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUjzpfwnfvmykhEsihf wkd;wufajymif;vJykHrsm;
    a&S;a[mif;okawoeqkdif&m taxmuftxm;rsm;
    tcef; (3)
    vlr sKd; rsm;ESi hf vlO D; a&
    ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI
    (1) Akk'bmom
    (2) tpvmrfbmom
    (3) [dELbmom
    (4) c&pf,efbmom
    bmompum;
    tvkyftukdif

    pmrsuffESm
    rS
    xd
    3

    1
    1
    2

    2
    3
    3

    3
    5
    6

    4
    4
    4
    4
    5
    6
    6
    7

    7
    -

    7
    8
    8

    9
    22
    25

    21
    24
    27

    28
    36
    37
    38

    36
    37
    38
    38
    38
    39

    39

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    rmwdum
    pOf

    taMumif;t&m

    pmrsufESm
    rS
    xd
    3

    aemufqufwrJG sm;
    aemufqufwGJ(u-1) 1941-42 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhMuaom
    &ckid Ef iS fh wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d aus;&Gmrsm;

    40

    50

    aemufqufwGJ(u-2) 1942 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhMuaom


    b*Fvv
    D rl sK;d aus;&Gmrsm;

    51

    52

    aemufqufwGJ(c) 1942 ckESpfukvm;? &ckdift"dukPf; aemufykdif;


    &ckid Ef iS fh wkid ;f &if;om;aus;&Gmrsm;wGif b*Fvv
    D rl sK;d rsm; 0ifa&muf
    aexkidk rf I aus;&Gmrsm;

    53

    54

    aemufqufwGJ(*) zqyvtpkd;&vufxuf wkd;yGm;vmaom


    b*FvaD us;&Gmrsm;Esihf topfwnfaus;&Gmrsm;

    55

    56

    aemufqufwGJ(C-1) bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd vlrsK;d rsm;pm&if;


    (1994)ckESpf

    57

    aemufqufwGJ(C-2) bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd &ckid f vlrsK;d rsm;


    pm&if; (1994)ckESpf

    58

    61

    aemufqufwGJ(C-3) bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd crD;vlrsK;d rsm;


    pm&if; (1994)ckESpf

    62

    64

    aemufqufwGJ(C-4) bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&dS NrdKd vlrsK;d rsm; pm&if;


    (1994)ckESpf

    65

    66

    aemufqufwGJ(C-5) bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&dS 'kid ;f eufvrl sK;d rsm; pm&if;


    (1994)ckESpf

    67

    68

    aemufqufwGJ(C-6) bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&dS oufvlrsKd;rsm; pm&if;


    (1994)ckESpf

    69

    aemufqufwGJ(C-7) bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&dS b*Fvv


    D rl sK;d rsm; pm&if;
    (1994)ckESpf

    70

    77

    aemufqufwGJ(i) 1941-42 ckSEpf rwkdif;rSDu


    &yfuGuf^aus;&Gmtkyfpktvku
    d f wnf&cdS MhJ uaom Ak'bmomqkid &f m
    omoedu taqmuftO;? trsKd;tpm;ESihf OD;a&tajcjyZ,m;

    78

    84

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    rmwdum
    pOf

    taMumif;t&m

    2
    tykdif; (u)

    pmrsuffESm
    rS
    xd
    3

    aemufqufwGJ? 1941-42 ckESpf rwkdifrDSu &yfuGuf^aus;&Gm tkyfpk


    tvkdufwnf&SdcJhMuaom Ak'omoemqkdif&m omoedu
    taqmuftOD;ESSihf OD;a&tajcjyZ,m;
    tykdif; (c)
    (1) "mwfawmifpawD(ac:) vufqpfawmf"mwf
    (2) ausmif;awmifapwDawmf
    (3) wHcGefapwDawmf
    (4) uif;awmifapwDawmf
    (5) odrfawmifapwDawmf
    (6) uGefwkdifacsmif;apwDawmf
    (7) &GufkdawmifzkdcaemufapwDDawmfrsm;
    (8) em;vdyfawmfapwDawmfrsm;
    (9) pkdif;'ifa&wHcGefteD;apwD
    (10) eef;&mukef;apwD
    (11) 'kH;acsmifapwD
    (12) jrpfem;apwD
    (13) rckdwapwD
    (14) ay:awmfrlbk&m;
    aemufqufwGJ (p)bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&Sd &[ef;? omraP? ausmif;rsm;
    (1994)ckESpf
    aemufqufwGJ (q)bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&Sd
    tajcjypm&if;(1994)ckESpf
    (u) apwDykxkd;awmfrsm;
    (1) atmifr*FvmapwDawmf
    (2) wkwfodrf ('kH;odrf) ykxkd;awmfBuD;
    (3) iSufaysmacsmif;apwDawmf
    (4) okH;q,fhwpfykHkyfpkHapwDawmf
    (5) r*FvmOD;apwDDawmf
    (6) r*Fvmxlyg&mrapwDDawmf
    (7) atmifod'dapwDawmf
    (8) oajyawmapwDawmf
    (9) aZ,so*apwDawmf
    (10) oydwfawmifapwDawmf

    ykxkd;rsm;Esihf bk&m;rsm;

    87
    88
    -

    85
    86
    86
    86
    87
    87
    87
    88
    88
    88
    88
    89
    89
    90

    91

    93

    94
    95
    -

    95
    96
    96
    97
    97
    98
    98
    98
    99
    99

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    rmwdum
    pOf

    taMumif;t&m

    (11) uRef;aygufapwDawmf
    (12) at;apwDawmff
    (13) atmifod'dapwDawmf
    (14) wyfOD;ukd;e0if;apwDawmf
    (15) &efatmifaZ,"rokcapwDawmf
    (16) av;rsufESmapwDawmf
    (17) &wematmifod'dapwDawmf
    (18) &effatmifajr"rokcapwDawmf
    (19) &effatmifjrifapwDawmf
    (20) jrwfapwDawmf
    (21) jrawmifapwDawmf
    (22) jeawmifausmif;wkdufomoemausmufwkdif
    (23) oajyukef;apwDawmf
    (24) uGrf;awmifapwDawmf
    (25) apwDawmifapwDawmf
    (26) pufac:apwDawmf
    (27) NydKif;awmif&GmapwDrsm;
    (28) av;rsufESmnDaemifapwD
    (c) bk&m;qif;xkawmfrsm;
    (1) aZ,smrkedbk&m;
    (2) r*FvmNrdKUOD;ausmif;bk&m;
    (3) vrf;rausmif;a&Tomavsmif;bk&m;
    (4) jrawmiffausmif;wkdufuyfausmfbk&m;BuD;
    (5) oajyukef;apwDawmfawmiffukef;ay:&Sdbk&m;
    (6) ,if;rbk&m;
    (7) av;rsufESmbk&m;
    (8) at;apwDausmif;&Sdbk&m;
    (9) atmifr*Fvm"rmkH&Sdbk&m;
    (10) atmifr*Fvm"rmkH&Sdbk&m;
    (11) odrfawmifukef;bk&m;
    (12) awmifarmf&Gm&Sdbk&m;
    (13) "r&Hodbk&m;&Sif
    (14) apawmif&Gm&Sdbk&m;
    (15) Mo&r&Gm&Sdbk&m;

    pmrsufESm
    rS
    xd
    3
    99
    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    100
    102
    103
    103
    103
    103
    104
    104
    104
    -

    105
    105
    106
    106
    106
    106
    107
    107
    107
    108
    108
    108
    109
    109
    109

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    rmwdum
    pOf
    1

    taMumif;t&m
    2
    aemufqufwGJ (Z)bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&Sd AvDrsm;pm&if;
    aemufqufwGJ

    (ps)bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,ftwGif;

    aexkkdifonfhvlrsKd;

    ukd;uGG,fonfh bmomESihf tvkyftukdiftajcjypm&if;


    tcef; (4)
    pD;yGm;a&;
    (1) v,f,mu@
    (u) &ckdkifbk&ifrsm; acwfajr,mpepf
    (c) jrefrmbk&ifrsm;acwf
    (*) ukdvkdeDacwfajr,mpepf
    (C) vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;ajr,mpepf
    (i) awmffvSefa&;aumifpDacwfajr,mpepf
    (2) ajr,mwkdif; wmykHenf;pepff
    (3) pkdufysKd;a&;vkyfief;
    (u) pyg;pkdufysKd;jciff;
    (c) a&mif;0,fazmufum;jcif;
    (*) tpdk;&rS pyg;0,f,ljcif;
    (C) tjcm;oD;ESpHS kdufysKd;jcif;
    (i) vufbufpkdufysKd;jcif;
    (p) pkdufysKd;p&dwfESihf tjcm;acs;aiGrsm;
    (q) ckdif;uRJ? ckdif;EGm;ESihf v,fvkyfu&d,m
    (Z) ykd;owfaq;ESihf "mwffajrMoZmokH;pGJrItajctae
    (ps) tif;qufykd;rsm;ESihf tjcm;oD;ESHzsufow0grsm;
    (n) qnfajrmif;wmwrHrsm;
    (n) arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;rsm;
    ukd;um;csufrsm;
    tcef;(5)
    opfawmvkyfief;
    (u) opfvkyfief;
    wnfaxmifrItajctae?bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&Sd
    (1)
    xnfaxmifNyD; opfawmpkdufcif;rsm;tajctae
    (2)

    xkwfvkyfjzefYjzL;rItajctae? 1994 ckESpf Zefe0g&D


    vrS {NyDvukeftxd opffxkwfvkyfrI? jzefYjzL;rI
    tajctae

    pmrsufESm
    rS
    xd
    3
    110

    112

    113

    114
    118
    123
    -

    117
    118
    123
    123
    124
    125

    126
    131
    132
    150
    151
    154
    155
    162
    162

    130
    131
    135
    150
    151
    154
    155
    161
    161
    162
    162
    163

    164

    165

    165

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    rmwdum
    pOf

    taMumif;t&m

    2
    (c)

    0g;vkkyfief;

    (*)

    awmqifkdif;rsm;
    vkkyfief;

    xdef;odrf;apmihfa&SmufrIESihf

    pmrsuffESm
    rS
    xd
    3
    166
    168
    zrf;qD;a&;

    169

    170

    171
    172

    172
    174

    175
    177
    -

    176
    176
    178
    179
    179

    180
    -

    183
    183
    183

    184

    185

    185
    188
    190
    191
    -

    188
    188
    188
    189
    189
    191
    191
    192
    192

    tcef;(6)
    vQyfppf? pufrI? owK
    6

    (u)
    (c)
    (*)

    (C)
    (i)

    (u)

    (c)
    (1)
    (2)

    (*)
    (C)
    (i)
    (p)
    (q)

    vQyfppfu@
    pkdif;'ifa&tm;vQyfppfpDrHudef;
    pufrIu@
    (1) xGefpufESihf a&pkwfpufrsm;
    (2) yk*vdu pufrIvufrIvkyfief;rsm;
    (3) tpkd;&qefpuf(qefpufterSwf- 036)
    a&eHESihf"mwfowK
    &THUap;ajr
    tcef;(7)
    vQyfppf? pufrI? owK
    a&aMumif;vkyfief;
    bl;oD;awmifoabFmqddyf
    yk*vdua&,mOfrsm;
    ukef;vrf;c&D;
    rD;&xm;vrf;
    armfawmfum;vrf; rsm;
    (u) bl;oD;awmif? armifawmum;vrf;
    (c) bl;oD;awmif? awmiffbZmum;vrf;
    (*) vuf0J'uf? iusOfawmuffum;vrf;
    (C) bl;oD;awmif? ausmufawmfum;vrf;
    pmwkduf
    aMu;eef;
    a&'D,kdw,fvDzkef;
    pum;ajymaMu;eef;(w,fvDzkef;)
    N*dKvfxkqufoG,fa&;vkyfief;

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    rmwdum
    pOf

    taMumif;t&m

    2
    tcef;(8)

    10

    or0g,rvkyfief;
    NrdKUe,for0g,rtoif;
    (1) yGJkHvkyfief;
    (2) pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;jzihf aqmif&Gufjcif;
    (3) or0g,raq;ay;cef;vkkyfief;
    (4) aiGpkaiGacs;or0g,rtoif;
    (5) o,ff,lykdYaqmifa&;or0g,rtoif;

    (u)
    (c)
    (*)
    (C)
    (i)
    (p)
    (q)
    (Z)
    (ps)
    (n)
    (#)

    (u)
    (c)
    (*)

    EkdifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJUvufxuf
    or0g,rvkkyfief;rsm;
    0efxrf;aygif;pkHor0g,rtoif;
    tcef;(8)
    tkyfcsKyfa&;
    &ckdifbk&ifrsm;acwf
    jrefrmbk&ifrsm;acwf
    t*Fvdyfacwf
    *syefacwf
    e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;vGwv
    f yfa&;BudK;yrf;rIumv
    ppffNyD;acwf
    ygvDrefacwf
    ar,ke,fjcm;ckdiftkyfcsKyfa&;acwf
    awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwf
    jynfolYaumifpDacwf
    EkdifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJUacwf
    tkyfcsKyfa&;qkdif&mtaxmuftuljyKtzGJUtpnf;rsm;
    (u) &Jpcef;
    (c) w&m;kH;
    jypfrIjzpfyGm;&jcif; taMumif;&if;rsm;
    tcef;(10)
    tcGefaumufcHa&;
    v,fajrtcGefawmf
    awmiff,mcGef
    NrdKUajrcGef

    pmrsuffESm
    rS
    xd
    3
    193

    194

    194
    194
    195
    195
    195

    195

    196

    197
    198
    199
    203
    207
    210
    213
    221
    226
    227
    234

    198
    199
    202
    207
    209
    212
    220
    225
    227
    233
    238

    239
    240
    -

    240
    243
    243

    245

    244
    244
    246

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    rmwdum
    pOf

    taMumif;t&m

    1
    11
    (u)
    (c)
    (*)
    (C)
    (i)

    (p)
    (q)
    (Z)
    (ps)
    (n)

    2
    tcef;(11)
    pnfyifom,ma&;qkdkif&mvkkyfief; rsm;
    NrdKUjypDrHudef;a&;qGJGjcif;vkkyfief;
    NrdKUa&ay;a&;vkkyfief;
    usef;rmoefY&Sif;a&;vkkyfief;
    vrf;rD;ay;a&;vkkyfief;
    aps;vkkyfief;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUraps;
    om;owfvkyfief;
    ukwkd;vkyfief;
    taygifqkdifvkyfief;
    taES;,mOfBuD;Muyfxdef;odrf;a&;vkkyfief;
    wnf;ckd;cef;rsm; zGihfvSpfjciff;ukd BuD;Muyfjcif;
    tcGefpnf;MuyfaumufcHjcif;vkyfief;
    tcef;(12)

    12 ynma&;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fpmppfXme
    ESpfpOfynma&;wkd;wufrItajctae
    tm&fADpmayoifMum;rItajctae
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&Sd tm&fADpmoifausmif;rsm;pm&if;
    bl;odD;awmifNrdKUe,frS vl&nfcRefrsm;
    bl;odD;awmifNrdKUe,frS ynma&;rSSL;rsm;
    tcef; (13)
    13 usef;rma&;
    (1) rdcifESihfuav;usef;rma&;Xme
    (2) aus;vufusef;rma&;Xme
    (3) awmifbZmwkdufe,faq;kH
    (4) tqkwfa&m*gwkdufzsufa&;Xme
    a&m*gykd;o,faomykd;rTm;aumifrSwqifh
    (5)
    ul;pufa&m*gwdkufzsufa&;tzGJU (iSufzsm;Xme)
    (6) wkd;csJUumuG,faq;xkd;vkkyifef;tpDtpOf
    tjzpfrsm;aoma&m*grsm;
    p&dwfrQay;usef;rma&;"mwfcGJcef;
    a&m*g&SmazGprf;oyfppfaq;rIESihf ppfaq;cEIef;rsm;

    pmrsuffESm
    rS
    xd
    3

    247
    248
    249
    250
    252
    -

    247
    248
    249
    249
    250
    252
    252
    253
    253
    253
    254
    254

    255
    260
    261
    263
    265
    -

    260
    261
    263
    263
    265
    267
    267

    268
    269
    -

    269
    269
    269
    271
    270

    270
    271
    -

    270
    271
    271
    272
    273

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    10
    rmwdum

    pOf

    taMumif; t&m

    2
    tcef;(14)
    xl; jcm;csuf
    kd[if*smtrnfcH b*FvDvlrsKd;rsm;
    'kwd,urmppfukvm;? &ckdift"dukPf;
    14
    (u) jzpffyGm;&jciff;taMumif;&if;rsm;
    (c) kwfw&ufjzpffyGm;&jciff;taMumif;&if;
    (*) t"dukPf;jzpfyGm;ykH
    rlqvifoD;jcm;jynfe,fawmif;qkdjcif;
    &ckdifjynfe,fESihf kd[if*smtrnfcH b*FvdDrsm; vIyf&Sm;rI
    1978 ckESpf e*g;rif;pDrHcsufESihf rlqvifwkdY\tajctae
    [oFmpDrHcsufESihf rlqvifwkdYtajctae
    rlqvifajratmufvIyf&Sm;rI
    ta&;tciff;umvtwGif; rlqvifwkdY vIyf&Sm;rItajctae
    EkdifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJU tpkd;&vufxuf
    kd[if*smqkdif&m okH;EIef;rIrsm;
    ar,kka'o&Sd b*FvDrsm;\ xl; jcm;csuf
    (1) trsKfd;om;rsm;\ 0wfpm;qif,ifrI
    (2) trsKfd;orD;rsm;\ 0wfpm;qif,ifrI
    kd[if*sm[laom a0g[m&\ t"dyg,f
    ukd;um;csufrsm;
    aemufqufwGJ (u) NAdwdoQacwf &ckkdifjynf vlOD;a&? txl
    tusJjyZ,m;

    15

    (u)

    (c)

    aemufqufwGJ (c) ppfawGckdiftwGif; ysHUESSHUaexkdifaom


    tdEd,wkdif;&if;om; trsKd;tEG,fpm&if;
    tcef; (15)
    taxGaxG
    Xmeqkdif&mr[kwfaom tzGJU tpnf;rsm;
    (1) jynfaxmifpk BuHhcdik fa&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;toif;
    (2) NrdKUe,ft&ef rD;owfwyfzGJU
    (3) NrdKUe,fMuufajcewyfzGJU
    (4) NrdKUe,fppfrIxrf;a[mif;tzGJU
    vlr I0efxrf; vkkyfief ;
    (1) tpkd;&todtrSwfjyK ukd,fxlud,
    k fx rlBudKausmif;
    (2) vli,fzGHUNzdK;a&;y&[dwa*[m

    pmrsufESm
    rS
    xd
    3

    274

    283

    283
    285
    289
    295
    297
    299
    301

    285
    285
    288
    295
    297
    298
    300
    301
    302

    302

    308

    309
    312
    314

    308
    312
    314
    315

    316

    317

    318
    319
    -

    319
    319
    322
    323

    323
    324

    324
    325

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    11
    rmwdum

    pOf

    taMumif;t&m

    1
    (*)

    (C)
    (i)

    (p)

    (q)

    2
    bl; oD; awmifNrdKUe,f&SdXmeqkdif&m tzGJUtpnf; rsm;
    (1) ckdiftqifh k;H zGifv
    h Spfxm;aom Xmeqkdif&mrsm;
    (2) NrdKUe,ftqifh k;H zGifv
    h Spfxm;&Sdaom Xmeqkdif&mrsm;
    bl; oD; awmifNrdKUe,f&SdEkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;
    ajzazsmfa&;vkyfief;rsm;
    (1) vli,fbifc&mwyfzGJU
    (2) kyf&SifkHrsm;
    (u) NrdKUarwmkyf&SifkH
    (c) acwfopfkyf&SifkH
    (3) AGD'D,kdkHrsm;
    (4) acwfay:taysmffwrf;wD;0kdif;
    ynmay;a&;vkkyfief;rsm;
    (1) tpdk;&pmMunhfwkduf
    (2) jyefMum;a&;ESifhjynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xmeykdif kyfjrifoH
    (3) yk*dupmtkyftiSm;qkdifrsm;
    (4) owif;pmrsm;
    &ckdifkd; &m,Ofaus;rIqkdif&mtzGJUrsm;
    (1) pnfawmftzGJUrsm;
    (1) kd;&mpyfyef;csDvkyfief; (ac:) o*FZmvkkyfief;

    pmrsuffESm
    rS
    xd
    3
    325
    326
    329

    326
    329
    330

    331

    330
    -

    331
    331
    331
    332

    332
    332
    332
    332

    334
    334

    12

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    tcef;(1)

    yx0D0iftaetxm;
    (u) wnfae&mESihftus,ft0ef;
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fonf &ckid jf ynfe,fajrmufyidk ;f ar,kawmifwef;ESifh pkid ;f 'ifawmifwef;ESpo
    f ,
    G Mf um;
    /
    /
    ar,kjrpfwpfavQmufwiG f wnf&o
    dS nf/ ajrmufvwu
    D sL;(20H. 15J. 00 rS 20H. 23J. 01 )ESifh ta&SUavmif*su
    D sL;
    1
    (92.21. 01 rS 92.45. 00)tMum;wGif wnf&Sdonf/
    NrKd Ue,ftus,t
    f 0ef;rSm {&d,mpwk&ef;rkid af ygif; (780)&So
    d nf/ e,ferd w
    d rf mS ta&SUbufwiG f &aohawmif
    NrKd Ue,f ausmufawmfNrKd Ue,fEiS fh csi;f jynfe,f? taemufbufwiG f armifawmNrKd Ue,f? awmifbufwiG f &aohawmif
    NrdKUe,f ajrmufbufwGif b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHwkdY wnf&SdMuonf/

    (c)ajrrsufESmoGifjyif
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fajrrsuEf mS oGijf yifrmS ajrmufbufwiG jf rif
    h awmifbufwiG f qifajcavsmedrq
    hf if;
    oGm;onf/ NrKd Ue,f\ajrmufyidk ;f wGif nDnmjyefjY yL;aom ajrrsuEf mS jyifEiS fh jrpfacsmif;rsm; yGm;rsm;onf/ NrKd Ue,f\
    {&d,mtus,t
    f rsm;pkrmS awmifrsm;ESihf jynhEf u
    S af e\/ ukvm;yef;Zif;(c) ar,kjrpftxufyidk ;f rSm ajrmufraS wmif
    okdY pD;qif;ae\/ awmifxlxyf&ma'owGif vlaeusJNyD;? ukvm;yef;Zif;jrpf0Srf;vGifjyifrSm ajrMoZmxufoef
    vlaexlxyf\/ ajrmufbufwiG f ajrrsuEf mS jyif usOaf jrmif; jawmifbufwgif us,jf yef\
    Y / ok&Yd mwGif tus,q
    f ;Hk
    ae&m (9)rkdifxufrykdacs/

    (*) &moDOwk
    bl ; oD ; awmif N rd K Ue,f \ &moD O wk r S m aEG O wk yl j yif ; aqmif ; Owk w G i f tvG e f c srf ; at;\/
    rkd;OwkwGifvnf; rkd;onfxefpGm &GmoGef;onf/ {NyDvwGif tylqkH;jzpf tjrifhqkH;tylcsdefrSm (100H)zm&if[kduf&Sd
    onf/ Zefe0g&DvrSm tat;qk;H jzpf tylcsed rf mS (40H) zm&if[u
    dk &f o
    dS nf/ NrKd Ue,f\ &moDOwkrmS ]]aqmif;&moD
    ajcmufaoGU rkd;&moDtylqkH;v&Sdaom tylykdif;ZkHrkwfokH&moDOwk}}yifjzpf\/ wESpfvkH;ysrf;rQtylcsdefrSm (74H)
    zm&if[kduf&Sdonf/

    (C) jrpf
    jrpfacsmif
    csmif;tif;tkdifrsm;
    sm;
    (1) jrpfrsm;
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fwiG f ar,kjrpfonf tBu;D qk;H jzpfonf/ &ckid ?f b*Fvm;a'h&efS ,fpyf(pkid ;f 'if)awmifEiS fh
    rk;d xdawmifrsm;rS jrpfzsm;cHonf/ ppfawGuRe;f teD;wGif b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfoYkd pD;0ifonf/ pkid ;f 'if(pde'f if)awmif
    \ taemufzsm;rS jrpfzsm;cHaom ukvm;yef;Zif;acsmif;ESihf ta&SUzsm;rS jrpfzsm;cHaom pkdif;'ifacsmif;wkdYonf
    jrpf\jrpfzsm;ykdkif; jzpfonf/ awmifurf;yg;,Hrsm; rwfapmufaomaMumihf awmifMum;? awmifaMumrS
    rkd;a&w[kefxkd;vdrfhqif;usvmwwfonf/ a&pD;Murf;wwfonf/ ig;rsm;arQmcs&ef tokH;0ifonf/ 'Da&onf
    bl;oD;awmiftxufrkdif(20)cefYxd a&mufaomfvnf; armfawmfESihfoabFmtvwfpm; oGm;vmrItwGuf
    bl;oD;awmiftwGuo
    f m tok;H 0ifonf/ bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,frpS atmufyidk ;f jrpf0rS ;f vGijf yifonf jrpf\wpfbuf
    wpfcsuf(5)rkdifcefYxd us,f0ef;onf/ ajrMoZmaumif;rGef pkdufysKd;a&;twGuf aumif;rGefawomfvnf;
    ur;fyg;NydKusjcif;aMumihf jrpfaMumif;rMumcP ajymif;vJEkdifonf/ jrpf0onf (3)rkdifus,f t&SnfrSm pkdif;'if
    (pdef'if)acsmif;zsm;txd (8)rkdifcefY&Sdonf/
    cGqkHtxuf ar,kjrpfnmykdif;ukd jykvm;yef;Zif;jrpf[k ac:wGif\/
    1/

    NrdKUe,fajrpm&if;OD;pD;Xme? bl;oD;awmifNrdKU/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    13

    xko
    d aYkd c:jcif;rSm yef;Zif;iSu(f yefi ;f )iSurf sm;aomjrpfjzpfNy;D jzpf0,
    J mwGif ukvm;rsm; armifawmNrKd Ue,f
    ajrmufykdif;rS tvG,fwul ckd;0ifvmNyD; tajccsaexkdifMuonfukd tpGJjyK acx:jcif;jzpf\/ wcsKdUuvnf;
    yef;aZrS ye;fZif;jzpfvmonf[k qkdMu\/

    (2) acsmif;rsm;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&Sd jrpfi,f? acsmif;i,frsm;rSm ar,kjrpfrS jzmxGufoGm;aom acsmif;vufwufrsm;
    jzpfMuonf/ ar,kjrpf\taemufbufESihf awmifbufwGif jym;acsmif;? eufacsmif;? acG;awmufacsmif;? uHjyif
    acsmif;? carmufw;Hk acsmif;? uif;acsmif;? oaygufacsmif;? tv,facsmif;? uusbufacsmif;? ausmif;awmifacsmif;?
    zkHacsmif;? pdrfhif;jym;acsmif;? vuf0J'ufacsmif;? iusOfawmufacsmif;? b'emacsmif;ESifh jyifacgif;acsmif;rsm;
    &SdMuNyD; ta&SUbufwGif ipHabmfacsmif;? apwDawmifacsmif;? pkdif;'ifacsmif;? uGefwkdifacsmif;? arsmacsmif;ESifh
    yD&Gufacsmif;wkdY wnf&Sdonf/2

    (3) tif;tdkifrsm;
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f\ *kyaD us;&Gmtkypf k wefz;l crD;&Gm ajrmufbufys&awmtrnf&dS tif;wpfcrk mS tvsm;
    (1)zmvk?H teH(8)oHBuKd ;? a&0yf{&d,m{u(100)cef&Y o
    dS nf/ if;tkid rf mS rk;d &moD a&teuf (9)ayrS (10)aytxd
    3
    &Sdonf/

    (i) awmifrsm;
    (1) ar,kawmifrsm;
    &ckdifjynf\ taemufbuf armifawmNrdKUe,fjcm;wGif &Sd wnfae&mtm;jzihf ta&;BuD;aom
    awmifwef;yifjzpfonf/ ar,kjrpfESihf ewfjrpftMum;wGif wnf&Sdonf/ ppfwaumif;awmifwef;\tquf
    jzpfonf/ ajrmuf? taemufajrmufrS ta&SUawmifbufwkdYxd oG,fwef;aeayonf/ ajrmufbufwGif ]]r*Fvm
    *D&}d }trnfwiG
    f if;awmifwef;\ tjrifq
    h ;Hk tykid ;f onf ay(2174)jrifo
    h nf/ if;awmifEiS fh ar,kawmif\tpyf
    wGif rwfapmuf jywfawmufaeovkd &So
    d nf/ aemufyidk ;f wGif ar,kawmifwef;trnfjzihf ar,kjrpf0wkid af tmif
    (52)rkdifcefY&Snfvsm;oG,fwef;aeayonf/ tus,ft0ef;tm;jzihf ajrmufbufwGif (6)rkdifcefYus,f
    awmifbufwGif oG,fvsufoGm;ouJhodkY rwfapmufNyD; tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif rkdif0ufcezfYom us,f0ef;onf/
    ar,kawmifwef;onf ajrmufbufraS wmifbufoYdk atmufygtwkid ;f tqifq
    h ifh awmifxyd rf sm;&Sed Ny;D ay ]]2155?
    1975? 1440? 1171? 727? 436}}azmvf*RdKifhr,kuRef;ESihf rsOf;NydKifrsm; toGifjzihf urf;teD;wGif ay:aeonf/

    (2) pkdif;'if(pdef'if)awmifwef;
    ar,kjrpfEiS fh pkid ;f 'ifacsmif;wk\
    Yd a&a0aMumyifjzpfonf/ b*Fvm;a'h&efS ,fpyfEiS fh &ckid u
    f jdk zwf a'gifvu
    dk f
    wnf&o
    dS nf/ &ckid ef ,fbufwiG f tzsm;qk;H yg0if tjrifq
    h ;Hk tykid ;f onf (2494)aycefjY rifo
    h nf/ &ckid ef ,fbufwiG f
    awmif? ajrmufrkdif(40)cefY &SnfvQm;aomfvnf; ta&SUESihftaemufrSmrl (3)rkdifcefY&Sd ao;oG,f&Snfvsm;um
    awmifurf;yg;,Hrsm; rwfapmufonf/ odkYjzpf a&wHcGefrsm;ukd awGU&Sd&onf/

    (3) rif;BuD;awmifwef;
    ar,kjrpfEiS fh ukvm;wefjrpfMum;wGif jrpfzsm;ESiNfh yKd i
    f wnf&o
    dS nf/ awmifwef;ESifh NyKd i
    f tjcm;awmif
    2/
    3/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f ygwD,lepf rsufESmpkHnD tpnf;ta0;wGif wifoGif;onfh NrdKUe,fygwD,lepf trI


    aqmifaumfrwD\ pnf;kH;a&;tpD&ifcHpm? pm-4(1971 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv(29)&uf)
    NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpD? tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU? bl;oD;awmifNrdKU\ bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,frSwfwrf;? pm-2

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    14

    pOf awmifwef;i,frsm; awmifp,


    G rf sm; aygrsm;pGm &So
    d nf/ rif;Bu;D awmifwef;j\ ta&SUurf;yg;,Hrsm;rSm taemuf
    bufawmifajcxuf ykdrwfapmufonf/ tjrifhqkH;awmifxdyfrSm (3031)ayjrifhonf/

    (p) vGifjyifrsm;
    ar,kvGifjyifa'oonf ar,kjrpf\wbufwpfcsuf ar,kawmifwef;ESihf pkdif;'if(pdef'if) awmifwef;
    tMum;wGif wnf&Sdaom ajredrfhvGifjyifjzpfonf/ bl;oD;awmifNrdKUtxufbuf ukvm;yef;Zif;acsmif;zsm;rSp
    &aohawmifatmufbuf ar,kjrpf0xd &Snfonf/ txufykdif;wGif(2)rkdifcefYom us,f0ef;aomfvnf;
    bl;oD;awmifatmufykdif;rSp (10)rkdifcefYxd us,f0ef;aom ajrMoZmaumif;rGefonfh vGifjyifjzpfonf/

    (q) rkd;a&csdef
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fonf yifv,fa&jyifrS rkid (f 50)cefu
    Y mG a0;Ny;D awmifxx
    l yfaomaMumihf tyltat;
    uGmjcm;rI&Sdonf/ taemufawmif&moDav a&S;OD;pGm wkdufcwfjcif; cH&aomaMumihf rkd;trsm;qkH; &GmoGef;onf/
    wpfESpfvQif ysrf;rQjcif;tm;jzihf rkd;a&csdef (200)vufrausmfcefYxd &GmoGef;\/ ZGef? Zlvkdif? Mo*kwfvrsm;wGif
    rkd;trsm;qkH; &GmoGef;onf/ rkd;OD;ESihf rkd;aESmif;wGif rkefwkdif;jzpfay: rkd;onf;xefNyD; a&vTrf;wwfonf/

    (p) blrdaA'
    vGefcJhaomESpfoef; (130)cefYwGif c&D;aw;&SyftqkH;wGif urmESifht0ef;jzpfay:aom t,fvfykdif
    awmifwef;jzpfpOfonf uRekfyfwkdY\ &ckdifkd;rawmifwef;BuD;ukd ay:aygufapcJhonf/ xkdYaMumihf &ckdifkd;rwGif
    awGU&Sd&aomtcsufrsm;rSm (1871)ckESpfwGif blrdwkdif;wma&;vkyfcJhaom rpwmoDtkdbJ(
    )\wkdif;wmrI
    t&vnf;aumif;? tdE,
    d blrw
    d idk ;f wma&;tzGUJ \ ( )pmrsuEf mS (39)t&vnf;aumif; atmufygausmufjym;rsm;
    jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;aMumif; awGU&onf/
    (rtD) oef;-135-oef;
    (kd;r)oef;-180 rS 225-oef;
    &ckdifkd;rawmifwef;BuD;\ taemufbufjcrf;wGif &ckdiftmoHyifv,fac:aom yifv,fjyifBuD; &Sdae
    onf/ yifv,fjyifwGif aemif&ckdifjynfe,f[k ac:wGifvmrnfh ukef;ajrBuD;rSm yifv,fatmufwGif &Sdonf/
    &ckdifjynfe,f jzpfay:vmonfh ukef;ajrBuD;ukd blrdoufwrf;tm;jzifh ESpfoef;aygif; (100)cefY ,k*ftm;jzihf
    yvD,kdqif;? tD,kdqif;? tDvDkd;qif;? rkdif,kdqif; yvDtkdqif; paom blrdacwfBuD;rsm; jzwfoef;cJhayonf/
    okEYd pS o
    f ef;aygif;(100)rQ yifv,fatmufwiG f te,fxidk w
    f nfaqmufcahJ om &ckid jf ynfe,fjzpfay:vm
    rnfh ukef;ajrBuD;onf vGefcJhaomESpfoef;(30)cefYwGif yifv,fa&qkwf,kwfvmrIaMumihf ajray:okdY ay:wuf
    vmcJo
    h nf/ yifv,fa&qkw,
    f w
    k rf rI mS urmESit
    fh 0Sr;f jzpfay:aom ajrvTmvIy&f mS ;rI\&v'fyif jzpfonf/ vGecf hJ
    aom ESpf (15)oef;cefYwGif 'kwd,tBudrfajrvTmvIyf&Sm;rI jzpfjyefonf/ if;ajrvTmvIyf&Sm;rIrSm [dr0Emawmif
    jzpfvyI &f mS ;rIyif jzpfonf/ vIy&f mS ;rIyifvQif ,ckawGUjrifawe&onfh &ckid af jrukd tmoHurf;tBu;D ESiq
    fh uf
    yifv,fay:okdY vkH;0OkHay:wufarG;zGm;vmjcif; jzpfayonf/ ar,kawmifwef;? ppfawG Aka'gtarmf
    ausmufwef;? zkHumuRef;? &rf;NAJuRef;wkdYrSm vTmwGefYckH;wpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ awmifwef; ausmufwef;ay:
    tajccH &ckdifajray:vmonf/ ukef;ajrjrifhay:NyD;aemufwGif if;wkdY\ oG,fwef;ykHukdvkduf jrpfacsmif;rsm;
    xyfrHay:aygufvmjyefonf/ jrpfacsmif;rsm;te,fxkdif ykdYcs,if;jzihf a&ajrawmawmif? csKdif;0Srf;jzihf ,ckuJhodkY
    jzpfay:vmcJjh cif; jzpfonf/ bl;l oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fonf &ckid jf ynfe,ftwGi;f wnf&
    dS blrad A'tajctaerSmvnf;
    tvm;wlyifjzpfonf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    15
    (ps) ajrqDvTm

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fonf tylykdif;ZkH? rkwfokef&moDOwk&Sdaoma'ojzpf ajrqDvTmtrsKd;tpm;rSm


    tylyidk ;f ajrqDvmT trsK;d tpm;jzpfonf/ okaYd omf yifv,fEiS x
    fh pd yfvsu&f adS omaMumihf qm;iefay:ajrqDvmT rsm;ukd
    yg awGU&onf/ xkt
    Yd jyif awmawmifymG ;rsm; opfawmxlxyfojzihf awmifjrifah jrqDvmT ? eDadk wmajrqDvmT ?
    0gkad wmajrqDvmT wku
    Yd ydk g awGU&\/ ar,kjrpfaMumif;wpfavQmuf a&vQ
    H a&zk;H vTr;f jcif;cH&aomae&mrsm;wGif
    EIef;ajrrsm;ukdawGU&NyD; ajrMoZmxufoefaumif;rGefonf/

    obm0aygufyifrsm;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fonf awmawmifyGm;rsm;onfhtjyif rkd;rsm;NyD; pkdpGwfaomaMumihf a'0xuf0ufrQ
    onf &Gujf ywfopfawmrsm;ESifh jynhEf u
    S v
    f Qu&f adS y\/ rk;d rsm;aoma'o aygufa&mufaom obm0aygufyifrsm;
    onf tylyidk ;f tNrpJ rd ;f opfawmrsm;yifjzpf\/ NrKd Ue,ftaemufawmifjcrf;wpf0u
    dk f a'owGif 'Da&mufawmrsm;
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    u&if0g;? Budrf? "ed? eef;? yJ? pGefyvGef? ovlyifrsm;vnf; aygufa&mufonf/

    (#) awGU&Sd&aomwd&pmefrsm;
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    (1) iSufrsm;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif awGU&Sd&aomiSufrsm;rSm Z&ufarmufwif? Z&ufcsD;pm;? Z&uf&ifeD? jym;Z&uf?
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    awmief;wkdYukd awGUEkdifonf/

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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    16

    i&efYatmuf? ig;aMu;? ig;a[muf? ig;&SOfh? ig;ywkH;? ig;z,kH? ig;uefYom;? ig;deD? ig;oef;? ig;yg;? ig;Ekoef;?
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    1/
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    wifoGif;onfh pnf;kH;a&;tpD&ifcHpm(29-1-1981)/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    17
    tcef;(2)

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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    18

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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    19

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    '&mZmrif;(at'D 1100)vufxuf armufolZmNrdKUokdY u0dausmftrwfBuD;tm;vnf;aumif;?
    (5)
    rif;xD;(at'D-1283)vufxuf ppfwaumif;NrdKUodkY 0drvonf yif;0g(&mrl)NrdKUodkYvnf;aumif;?
    (6)
    rif;ygBuD;(at'D-1531)vufxuf r[mynmausmftm; ppfwaumif;NrdKUukdvnf;aumif;?ukd,f&H awmf
    trwfBuD; 0drvonf yif;0g(&mrl)NrdKUokdYvnf;aumif;?
    (7)
    rif;zavmif;(at'D-1577)vufxuf aumif;GefYolESihf &JatmifEkdiftrwfrsm;ukd 'um;NrdKU? ynm0Ho
    trwfBuD;ukd a&mifjzLNrdKU? OwroD&dausmfukd aomif;wD;uRef;? jynfpkd;BuD;trwfBuD;ukd r[mpkd;
    (armf[d&SdcgvD)wkdYukdvnf;aumif; toD;oD;cefYtyfay;cJhaMumif; od&Sd&\/
    &ckdifjynfe,f e,fedrdwfyx0D tykdif;tjcm;rSm taemufawmifodkY [l*vDjrpfzsm;(bm*D&e'D)a&kd;jcm;
    (armufolZmNrdKU? umvuwm; oabFmqdyfxd? taemufajrmufa&mifjzLjrpfwavQmuf? taemufokdY ukrDvmNrdKU?
    a&mifjzLNrdKU? oQDvufNrdKUwkdYjhzihf owfrSwfxm;avonf/
    oQv
    D ufNrKd U? a&mifjzLNrKd U? uHomNrKd U? ukrv
    D mNrKd Uwko
    Yd nf 0if;rSL;Bu;D av;OD;wkjYd \tkycf sKycf &hJ mNrKd U jzpfaMumif;jzifh
    jyqkdxm;onf/
    azmfjyyg &mZ0iftaxmuftxm;rsm;t& b*Fge,fonf a&S;"n0wDacwf? a0omvDacwfwdkYuyif
    &ckdifjynftygt0if jzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;onf/
    &ckdifNrdKUjyjynf&Gmwnfaxmifcef;qkdvQif(1)
    plVp`Em ;rif;\trwfBu;D "raZ,sonf aomwy&l awmif(wdy&l )ac: NrKd jynfudk wnfaxmifcahJ Mumif;/
    (2)
    if;"raZ,s\om;awmfBuD; rPd'uonf rPdyl&awmifukd wnfaxmifcJhaMumif;/
    (3)
    if;"raZ,s\om;i,f tocFonf tmoHawmif(tmoH&f)ukd wnfaxmifcJhaMumif;/
    (4)
    &ckdifrif;rsm;\wyfrif; (Akdvfrif;rsm;onf Akdvfrifaxmif (bE&mbef)ukd wnfaxmifcJhaMumif;?
    uHom&DMunfaxmif[kvnf; &mZ0if okH;avhh&Sdao;aMumif;?
    (5)
    qifajymifig;pD;tm;ESifh jynhpf aHk om trwfAvBu;D wpfO;D onf rvefawmif(reDuaqmf&)D ukd wnfaxmif
    cJhaMumif;?
    (6)
    oustEG,f0ifrsm;jzpfaomouf(qur)rsm;onf oufaxmifukd wnfaxmifcJhaMumif;(*kPfrwD)
    (7)
    pEma'0D (plVp`Em ;rif;\rdz&k m;j)\ tjypfwifEiS x
    f w
    k cf &H aom rSL;rwftrd af wmfonfrsm; wnfaxmifchJ
    Muaom NrdKaxmif(,ck Bwdyl&e,fac:\)wnfcJhaMumif; awGU&\/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    20

    ,if;odYk &ckid jf ynfrmS jynfaxmifpBk u;D ckEpS jf ynfaxmifjzpfxeG ;f cJah Mumif;? '&mZmrif;vufxuf qwf
    kyw
    f q
    H yd f ku
    d Ef ydS
    f xkad wmifww
    Ydk iG f tok;H jyKapcJah Mumif;? armfueG ;f aMumfjimay;cJ&h aMumif;jzihf tqk&d adS vonf/
    &ckid rf if;rsm;vufxuf b*Fg(12)NrKd U? (12)e,fyidk ef uf owfrw
    S t
    f yk cf sKyrf jI yKcMhJ uonfudk e,fvu
    k sL;ausmf
    vsuf twif;pdjyKtyk cf sKyv
    f Mdk uaom r*krd if; qlvwefrif;wku
    Yd vnf; r*kt
    d ifyg,m\ a'oE&tkycf sKyaf &;twGuf
    b*Fg(12)e,fukd cGJjcm;xm;onf[k od&\/
    xk(d 12)e,fudk b*Fvm;wGif eef;pku
    d cf MhJ uaom b*Fvm;bk&if\ykid ef uftjzpf owfrw
    S v
    f &dk yd ?f owfrw
    S f
    4
    EdkifrI? vkyfBuHzefwD;jcif;vnf; jzpfEdkifygonf/
    if;wku
    Yd dk oHa,mifvu
    dk u
    f m &ckid t
    f rsK;d om;ynmwwfrsm;uyif odaYk &;om;vmaMumif; awGU&onf/
    ]]&ckid &f mZ0ifrsm;wGif ajrmufO;D acwfrwkid rf u
    D yif b*Fgq,fEh pS Nf rKd Uukd &ckid w
    f yYdk idk af Mumif; qko
    d nf/ &ckid f
    taxmuftxm;rsm;t& b*Fgq,fESpfNrdKUonf rnfonfhfa'orsm;yg0ifonf[k twdtusajym&efcJh,Of;\5D1/
    NrdKUe,fajrpm&if;OD;pD;Xme? bl;oD;awmifNrdKU/1/
    NrdKUe,fajrpm&if;OD;pD;Xme? bl;oD;awmifNrdKU
    ok&Yd mwGif **Fgjrpfta&SUbufurf;&Sd ta&SUb*Fvm;e,fac:(,ckb*Fvm;a'h&EfS idk if )H tygt0if b*Fge,fajr
    ukd tdEd,a&S;acwforkdif; tapmifapmifwkdYESihf tdEd,&mZ0ifpmtkyf ajrykHpmtkyf (bDpD(3)&mpkacwf taomu
    tifyg,m)? (at'D(4)&mpkacwf *kyw
    Ekid if aH wmfajryk)H ? (at'D (14)&mpkuek cf geD;ESifh (15)&mpk qef;ptcsed w
    f pf0u
    dk f
    9
    a'vDqlvwefrif;wkdY\ EkdifiHawmfajrykH)wkdY tdEd,rSykdifpkd;aMumif; azmfjyxm;jcif;rawGU&acs/
    &ckdifrif;rsm;vufxuf owfrSwfcJhMuaom tkyfcsKyfa&;Xme(12)&yf b*Fg(12)NrdKU? (12)e,fukd &ckdif
    rif;&mZmBuD; pmwrf; twdtus jyqkdxm;&Sdavonf/
    (1)
    armufolZm (armf&Sd'A'f)?
    (2)
    a&mifjzL (a&mifyl&f)
    (3)
    'um;?
    (4)
    ukrDvm(wefbdvm)
    (5)
    oQdvwf(odvwf)?
    (6)
    y#du&m; (ukrDvmESihf oQDvwfe,fatmufykdif;)
    (&)
    **Fgom& (jb*Fvm;ckvfemwavsmuf)?
    (8)
    ppfwaumif;
    (9)
    bm&dqmvf?
    (10) wdvuFm(aomif;wD;? [wd,m? AuvmuRef;pk)?
    (11) a*:awmfyvif
    (12) uHom [l jzpfMuonf/10
    ajrmufOD;acwfaESmif;ykdif;rif;rsm;onf eef;wGif;a&; rNidrfoufrIjzpfay:onfukd tcGihfaumif;,lum
    b*Fvm;bk&ifcf&Sm,pwmcef (Shayvistakhan) u ppfwaumif;ukd 0ifa&mufodrf;ykdufcJhavonf/
    (18)&mpktv,fxd ajrmufOD;acwfrif;rsm;onf ppfwaumif;ukd jyefvnf&&Sd&ef tpOfBudK;yrf;cJhMu
    ao;\/ okdYaomfvnf; b*Fvm;e,fonf c&pf(1700)ESihf (1800)tMum;wGif ta&SUtdEd,ukrPDvufwGif;
    rSwqifh NAdwdoQbk&if tpkd;&vufodkY usa&mufcJhMuonf/
    c&pf(1858) ckESpfwGif NAdwdoQtifyg,m jzpfvmcJhMu\/ c&pf(1865) ckESpfavmufuyif NAdwdoQwkdYu
    te,fwus tkycf sKyrf jI zpfvmcJ\
    h / ,ckum; a'ocHvrl sK;d rsm;&mtvku
    d f oD;jcm;vGwv
    f yfaom b*Fvm;a'h&EfS idk if H
    11
    tjzpfokdY a&mufoGm;cJh&avNyDjzpfonf/
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    S cf ahJ yonf/ r,lurf;
    wpfavQmufqv
    dk Qif arm&0wDe,fy,ftwGi;f usa&mufjyefonf/ &ckid jf ynfe,fa'oe,fy,f NrKd Ujyrsm;? aus;vuf
    awm&Gmrsm;xd us,fjyefYpGm wnfaxmifcJhonfukd awGU&\/ upye'D? ukvm;wefjrpf\taemufbufvuf0J
    (99)NrKd pm&if;wGif ,ckb;l oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f? armifawmNrKd Ue,fwYdk vnf; tawmftoifyh g&Sad eaMumif; awGU&ay

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    21

    onf/ Oyrm- r,ljrpfaMumif;wpfavQmuf ukvm;yef;Zif;NrKd U? ig;Munf;awmifNrKd U? oydwaf wmifNrKd U? pdr


    hf i ;f jym;NrKd U?
    ppfwef;wifNrdKU? anmifacsmif;NrdKUrsm;ukd ,ckxdaus;&GmtrnfwGif &Sdaeao;onf/
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd UtrnfEiS fh ywfouf bl;oD;awmifrmS rlv&Gmywf0ef;usi&f dS awmifi,f(99)vk;H teuf
    taemufawmifbuf&GmteD;&SdawmifwGif a&Tbl;oD;BuD;wpfvkH;&SdaMumif;? xkda&Tbl;oD;BuD;\taphrsm;rSm
    ausmufrsuf&wemrsm;jzpfaMumif;ukd okdufq&mrsm;\ okdufusrf;t& azmfxkwfawGU&Sd&onfhtwGuf a&SUvlBuD;
    rsm;u rdrw
    d &Ykd mG ukd bl;oD;awmifudk tpGjJ yK bl;l oD;awmif[ak c:aMumif;? xkad wmifonf ,ckb;l oD;awmif&mG r
    \ ta&SUawmifbufEiS fh bl;oD;awmifNrKd Uvrf;rbke;f awmfBu;D ausmif;wku
    d &f &dS m awmif\ta&SUajrmufwiG f wnf&dS
    onf/12 wcsKUd uvnf; if;a&Tb;l oD;oku
    d rf mS ,ck &Gmr&Gmbke;f awmfBu;D ausmif; wnfaqmufxm;onfh awmifyZl m
    rSm bl;oDyo
    Hk Pmefwnf&jdS cif;? xkad wmifwae&m&m a&Tb;l oD;&SEd idk o
    f nf[k tpGt
    J rSwjf yKMuNy;D bl;oD;awmif[k
    ac:wGifonf[k qkdMuonf/
    vuf0J (99)NrdKUpm&if;wGif bkef;jyifNrdKU? ,ifaygifwifNrdKU? tifMuifawmifNrdKU? [laomNrdKUtrnfrsm;onf
    ig;Munf;awmifNrKd U? oydwaf wmifNrKd UwkEYd iS fh qufvQuaf zmfjyyg&S\
    d / xkjYd yif yJ&eG ;f 13NrKd Uqkv
    d Qif &ckid rf if;rsm;vufxuf
    u NrKd Upm;rsm;xm;&Scd &hJ m NrKd Uyifwnf;/ ,ck bl;oD;awmifNrKd UteD;w0ku
    d w
    f iG f rif;bmBu;D vufxuf oD&0D wDNrKd U[l
    trnfwGifcJhonf/ eef;&mtrnfrsm; &Sdaeao;&m a&S;uNrdKUpm;rsm; aecJh&mXmeyif jzpfacs&m\/ rmvmNrdKUe?
    wyfNrdKU[laomtrnfrsm;ukd (99)NrdKUpm&if;wGif awGU&Sdayao;\/ xkdYaMumihf tajctaeESihf acwfumvt&
    r,ljrpfaMumif;wpfavQmuf rmvmNrdKU? wyfNrdKUrsm;um; tpDt&DonfwGif wnfcsEkdifcJhay&monf/ yJvGef;NrdKU?
    Oa'gif;jyif(Muufoa&Bu;D NrKd U)rsm;vnf; ae&mXme tajymif;tvJ&adS Mumif; &Sad yrnf/ yJawmif;NrKd Utrnfuv
    dk nf;
    (99)NrdKUpm&if;wGif awGU&ao;onf/
    r,ljrpfwavQmufwyfNrdKUrsm;rSm &ckdifjynfe,f\ taemufbufwHwkdif;ukd tumtuG,fjyKcJhMuayrnf
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    G v
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    ae&mwkdif;rS ausmfjzwf&ef rvG,fulacs/ xkdYaMumifh jzwfausmfoGm;vm&aom awmifausmfvrf;rsm;? owfrSwfcJh
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    vnf;aumif;? avmif;acsmif;ausmv
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    ausmv
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    f rf;
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    vrf;rsm;jzpfacs\/ txl;ojzifh iusOfawmufausmfvrf;qkdvQif r,lawmifwef;\ cv,favmufwGif us
    orkdif;acwfwpfavQmuf xif&Sm;cJhayonf/ ausmfvrf;wpfbufwpfcsufwGif &yf&Gmrsm; &SdcJhay\/ ta&SUbuf
    awmifajc&if;wGif iusnaf wmufNrKd U (ig;Munf;awmifNrKd U)onf wyfpcef;NrKd Utjzpf &SnMf umcJah yonf/ ppfa&;ppfO;D
    pcef; ppfatmifEidk af &; atmifwyfO;D r*Fvmvrf;tjzpf tok;H jyKcMhJ u\/ xkw
    d yfNrKd Utykid ;f ukd r*FvmBu;D (r*Fvm*D&)d
    awmif? rif;Bu;D awmif[
    l trnfwiG cf MhJ uayao;\/ xkNd rKd UrSausmaf vaomf ,ckarmifawmNrKd Ue,foYdk a&mufav
    onf/ ausmfvrf;xGuf0wGif 0ydwf? ykPm;qdyfpaom &yf&Gmrsm; wnf&SdcJh\/
    &ckid &f mZ0ifwiG f ig;Munf;af wmifNrKd U[k awGU&aomfvnf; ausmv
    f rf;uku
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    vnf; jzpf\/ tyifrmS ta&mif0if;0g tmk;d wH&n
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    k f yGizhf ;l wwf\/ toD;rSm usnaf xmufozG,f
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    oBueF v
    f eG f wHc;l ? uqkev
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    iydusnaf xmufrv
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    f / odaYk omf &ckid w
    f u
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    d nf; iusnaf wmufNrKd U[l trnfwiG cf jhJ cif;om jzpf&m\/ pmayrSwf

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    22

    wrf;wifolrsm;u a'oE&a0g[m&ukd avhvmrIr&SdcJh usnf(usKdif)ukd Munf[k a&;rSwfjcif;vnf; jzpfEkdif\/


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    f
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    3/
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    1/
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    M.A. Smith; The Early History of India: 4th Edition Reprinted.
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    Smiti
    Buhushan
    A History
    pm-138-139
    6/
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    23
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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    24

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUay:wGif 0efBuD;Xme(19)ck vufatmuf&Sd Xmeqkdif&maygif;(39)ckjzihf tpkd;&\


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    2/
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    4/
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    Z,m;rsm; azmfjycsuf/
    5/
    Burma Gazetteer Akyab Distriet Volume A.

    1/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f ygwD,lepf\ ygwDrsufESmpkHnD tpnf;ta0;wGif wifoGif;onfh NrdKUe,fygwD,lepf


    trIaqmifaumfrwDpnf;kH;a&;tpD&ifcHpm? pm-7

    2/

    Burma Gazetteer Akyab District Volume A. P-230-231

    25
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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    26

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    1/
    2/
    3/
    4/

    OD;atmifomOD;? &udKif&mZ0if,Ofaus;rIESihf okawoDwkdY\ tawG;tjrif pm-7


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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    27
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    [l qmtmomaz,m(Sir Arthar Fhayre)u rSwfwrf;wifcJhonf/1
    xkrd w
    S qifh aus;&Gmrsm; jyefvnftajccsaexkid cf MhJ u&m bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f\{&d,m (908)pwk&ef;rkid f
    wGif (1901)ckEpS u
    f vlO;D a& (60078) OD;&Sv
    d m&mrS (1911)ckEpS t
    f a&mufwiG f NrKd Ue,f{&d,m(796)pwk&ef;rkid w
    f iG f
    2
    vlOD;a& (61679)OD;xd wkd;wufvmcJhonf/
    1905 ckEpS w
    f iG f bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f b*Fvv
    D rl sK;d srsm; 0ifa&mufaexkid af om &Gmaygif;(11)&Gm&So
    d nf/
    if;wkdYrSm(1)
    jcif;orm;
    (2)
    wyfrif;acsmif;
    (3)
    vuf0J'ufjyif&Snf
    (4)
    uusbuf
    (5)
    eef;&mukef;
    (6)
    armifESr
    (7)
    vufom&Gm
    (8)
    pdrfhif;jym;
    (9)
    'kd;wef; (bk&m;jyif)
    (10) *lwmjyif
    (11) odrfawmif wkdYjzpfMuonf/3
    ppf'PfaMumihf &ckdifjynfe,frS xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifcJhaom &ckdifvlrsKd;wkdYonf &ckdifjynfe,fokdY jyefvnf
    0ifa&mufvmonfhtcg rdrdwdkY\ rdbaqGrsKd;rsm; tajcpkduf&m rl&if;t&yfa'orsm;odkY ra&mufMuawmhbJ
    a&Munf&mjrufEk&mwGifom tajccscJhMuonf/ txl;ojzihf &rf;NAJuRef;rS xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifcJhMuolrsm;onf
    &cdidk jf ynfe,fajrmufyidk ;f &Sd eD;pyf&omNrKd Ue,ftoD;oD;wGif aexkid cf MhJ u\/ r,lurf;wavQmufwiG f &rf;NAu
    J Re;f om;
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    Yd wl rl&if;&ckid &f yf&mG rsm;wGiv
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    oufaocHvQuf&Sdonf/

    28

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fwiG f b*Fvv


    D rl sK;d rsm; 0ifa&mufaexkid Nf y;D &Gmukd tjcm;rSww
    f rf;wpfck odaYk zmfjy
    4
    xm;onfukd awGU&jyefonf/ if;wkdYrSm
    (1)
    b'um;
    (2)
    cGqkH
    (3)
    rD;ausmif;aps;
    (4)
    azmifawmfjyif
    (5)
    bk&m;jyif ('dk;wef;)
    (6)
    zkHkdvdyf
    (7)
    pH*kd;axmif
    (8)
    pfdrfhif;jym;
    (9)
    pl;awmif
    (10) wyfrif;acsmif;
    (11) odefawmif
    (12) apwDawmif wkdYjzpfMuonf/
    bl;oD;awmif NrdKUe,fwGif (1922)ckESpf oef;acgif;pm&if;t& &Gmaygif;(94)&Gm? tdrfajc(64300)tdfrf?
    vlO;D a& (78497)OD;&So
    d nf/ vlO;D a&rsm;teuf Ak'b
    mom (29549)OD;&SNd y;D rlqvifbmom(42854)OD;&Sad Mumif;?
    5
    azmfjyxm;onf/ rlqvifbmom0if b*FvrD sm;rSm bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f twnfwus tajcpku
    d af exkid Mf uol
    rsm; r[kwfbJ v,fulvDvkyf&ef vma&mufolrsm;ukd oef;acgifpm&if; aumuf,l&m xnfhoGif;yg0ifoGm;jcif;
    jzpfonf/6 oef;acgifpm&if;aumuf,l&mwGif &Gmodrf&Gmi,frsm;ukd xnfhoGif;a&wGufcJh[ef rwlay/
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fwiG f 'kw,
    d urmppfrwkid rf u
    DS aus;&Gmtkypf k (78)tkypf Ek iS fh aus;&Gmaygif;(318)&Gm&Sd
    cJhonf/ odkYaomf tcsKdUaus;&Gmrsm;rSm tajctaetrsKd;rsKd;aMumihf NydKysufcJhNyD;aemuf (1942)ckESpf ywf0ef;usif
    ppfBudKacwfwGif wkdif;&if;om; &ckdif&Gm (224)&GmESihf EkdifiHjcm;om; b*FvDaus;&Gmaygif; (42)&Gm &SdcJhonf/7
    odkY&mwGif wjcm;rSwfwrf;wpfckrl 1941-42 ckESpf0ef;usifu &ckdifESifhwkdif;&if;om;rsKd;EG,f&Gmaygif;
    (324)&Gm? b*FvD&Gmaygif;(42)&Gm&SdaMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/8 xkdrSwfwrf;t& &ckdifESihfwkdif;&if;om;rsKd;EG,fpk0if
    aus;&Gmrsm;? b*FvDaus;&Gmrsm;pm&if;ukd aemufqufwGJ(u)wGif yl;wGJazmfjyxm;ygonf/
    1940-41 ckESpfwGif bl;oD;awmifNrdKUukd &yfuGufrsm;tjzpf cGJjcm;owfrSwfcJh&m &yfuGufwpfckpDwGif
    vlrsKd;tvkduf tdrfajctvkduf aexkdifcJhonfukd atmufygtwkdif; awGUEkdifonf/
    tddr fa jcaygif;
    pOf
    1
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7

    &yfu Gu ft rnf

    &ckdi f
    vlr sKd;

    b*Fv D
    vlr sKd;

    [dE L
    vlr sKd;

    rPdy l& u
    onf;

    wky f

    rSw fc suf

    2
    trSwf(1)taemuf&yfuGuf
    trSwf(2)NrdKUr&yfuGuf
    trSwf(3)NrdKUopf&yfuGuf
    trSwf(4)oajyukef;&yfuGuf
    trSwf(5)awmifajc&yfuGuf
    trSwf(6)NrdKUopfawmif&yfuGuf
    trSwf(7)rD;&xm;qdyf&yfuGuf

    25
    100
    80
    50
    1
    50
    40

    7
    2
    8
    -

    3
    2
    -

    30
    -

    6
    -

    atmufwGif
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    xm;ygonf/

    NrdKUay:tdrfajcpkpkaygif;

    346

    17

    30

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    29

    rS w f c suf
    (1) trSwf(1)&yfuGuf&Sd b*FvDtdrfaxmifpkrsm;rSm1/ ,muky(f b) [lqzefemvD(,cktaemufjyifyu
    dk q
    f yd )f ? 2/ [lqyefemvD(b)rod(,cktaemufjyifyu
    dk f
    qdy)f 3/ a&Smrf v
    l yk (f b)rod(,ckppfawGuw
    k ifyu
    dk &f mG ) 4/ r[mrwf(b) *l&mrsm;? e,fyidk f ;Hk ysmwm (OD;armifBu;D ?
    o^rOD ; pD ; Xme\zcif ) ? 5/ t'l v mud e f ; (b) rod ? ppf w aumif ; od k Y j yef ? 6/ t'l a Zmf v D ( b)rod ?
    w&m;kH;ysmwm(OD;apmarmiftbkd;)/ 7/ t'la&mf&Sdwf(b) rod? ajrwkdif;kH;ysmwm(aemfZDtmrwfzcif)?
    (2) trSwf(2) NrdKUr&yfuGuf&Sd b*FvDtdrfaxmifpkrsm;rSm1/ ,maqmif;emvD(b)rod? AkdvfwJapmifh(&Semrsm;? ysmwm\zcif)? 2/ [mrd'gvD(b)? tkwfyef;&H
    tvkyo
    f rm;? [dEL vlrsK;d rsm;rSm? 1/ a':&mum(b)rod? 2/ qm'l; (b)rod/ 3/ ZmrmuD(b) rod (ppfwumif;okYd
    jyef)/
    (3) trSwf(3) NrdKUopf&yfuGufwGif; b*FvDtdrfaxmifpkr&Sdyg/
    [dELtdrfaxmifpkrSm 1/ aemfbdefpEa&m(b)rod? 2/ bd&Sfaemf(b)rod (ppfwaumif;odkYjyef)/
    (4) oajyukef;&yfuGuf? trSwf(4) &Sd b*FvDtdrfaxmifpkrsm;rSm1/ vmvfZif(b)rod(,ckppfawG)? 2/ a&Smfrlvkyf(b) rod? avQmufvTmpma&; (OD;xGef;wiftbkd;)? 3/
    aqGa':a&mfref(b)rod? (tvuausmif;ysmwm)? (aoNyD;)? 4/ armfeDtlvm (b)rod? oabFmqdyf&yfuGuf?
    (aoNyD)? 5/ &Sm;&Sm(b)rod? oabFmqdyf&yfuGuf (aoNyD;) 6/ tDrmefa&Smf&D(b) rod(ppfwaumif;odkYjyef)? 7/
    avmfacsmwmvDvD(b)rod(ppfwaumif;odkYjyef)? 8/ aZmfawmf&mvD(b)rod/ (aoNyD)/
    (5) trSwf(5) awmifajc&yfuGuf&Sd b*FvDtdrfaxmifpkrsm;rSm- r&Sdyg/
    (6) trSwf(6) NrdKUopfawmif&yfuGuf&Sd b*FvDtdrfaxmifpkrsm;rSm- r&Sdyg/
    (7) trSwf(7) oabFmqdyf&yfuGuf&Sd b*FvDtdrfaxmifpkrsm;rSm - r&Sdyg/
    xkjd yifro
    d m;pk (tdraf xmifprk ygbJ wuk,
    d w
    f nf;vma&mufum aps;qkid af &mif;jcif;jzihf pD;yGm;&SmaeMuonfh
    [dEv
    l rl sK;d rsm;rSm trSw(f 2)&yfuu
    G w
    f iG f (100)OD;cef?Y trSw(f 3)&yfuu
    G w
    f iG f (20)OD;cefEY iS fh trSw(f 7)&yfuu
    G w
    f iG f
    (10)OD;cefY pkpkaygif;(130)cefY aexkdifcJhMuygonf/ if;wkdYonf 'kwd,urmppfrjzpfyGm;rD (1941)ckESpfuyif
    ppfwaumif;odkY jyefcJhMuygonf/9
    1942 ckEpS w
    f iG f ukvm;&ckid t
    f "dukP;f jzpfymG ;cJ&h m bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f&dS &ckid Ef iS w
    hf idk ;f &if;om;rsK;d EG,f
    pk0if aus;&Gmtm;vk;H eD;yg;vkv
    d dk zsuq
    f ;D cHc&hJ onf/ bk&m;? ausmif;? uef? apwD? ykx;dk tm;vk;H ajrvSezf suq
    f ;D jcif;
    cHcJh&onf/ &ckdifESifhwkdif;&if;om;rsKd;EG,frsm;? rsm;pGmtowfcHcJhMu&onf/ toufab;ukd aMumufvefY
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,frS eD;pyf&m NrKd Ue,frsm;jzpfMuaom ausmufawmf? ajrmufO;D ? rif;jym;? NrKd Ue,frsm;okYd xGuaf jy;
    wdrf;a&SmifcJhMu&onf/
    ppfNyD;acwf aemufykdif;wGif NAdwdoQtpkd;&u &ckdifESihfwkdif;&if;om;wkdYtm; bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif
    jyefvnfae&mcsxm;ay;cJo
    h nf/ ok&Yd mwGif &ckid Ef iS w
    fh idk ;f &if;om;rsK;d EG,t
    f m;vk;H rdrw
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    xkdYaMumihf &ckdifESifhwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;EG,frsm; rlvaexkdifcJh&m aus;&Gmrsm;wGif b*FvDvlrsKd;rsm;om
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    jrefrmEkid if v
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    f iG f (1955-56)ckEpS w
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    axmifcJhonf/ &wntzGJUonf &ckdifjynfe,f&&Sda&;ukd taMumif;jyK pnf;kH;&mrS tiftm;awmifhwif;vmcJh
    onf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    30

    xkdYaMumifh zqyvtzGJUESihf &wntzGJUwkdYtMum; EdkifiHa&;pnf;kH;rIwGif xdyfwkdufwkd;cJh[ef wlayonf/


    zqyvtzGJUu &wentzGJUtay: oabmxm;cH,lcsufESihfywfouf OD;pHxGef;atmifu odkYazmfjycJhonf/
    ]]xkjYd yif (1952)ck aemufyidk ;f wGif jynfe,fvv
    dk m;aom vlpyk gvDrefa&G;aumufyJG 0ifa&mufta&G;cHpOf
    ae&mtwefi,ftomjzihf ppfawGckid t
    f wGi;f vSnv
    fh nfpnf;k;H avonf/ bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fov
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    h monf/ zqyv
    tzGJUESihf ,SOfNydKifta&G;cH&m zqyvIH;onftxd axmifvmonf/ odkYtwGuf olwkdYonf EkdifiHa&; ygwDwpf&yf
    taejzihf xlaxmifvmMuavonf/ odkYaomf olwkdYwGif EdkifiHa&;0g'vkH;0r&Sd? vkyf0Hhjcif; r&Sd? jynfe,fvkdfvm;rI
    oufoufjzihf zGUJ pnf;xlaxmifvmavonf/ xkaYd Mumihf &ckid t
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    vm;aMumif; qEjyMuavonf/ xkdolwkdYESihfwcsdefwnf; t&if;&Sif? ajrykdif&Siftkyfpkd;aom jynfe,ftvkdr&Sd[k
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    oufouf pnf;k;H Muavonf/ &wntzGUJ wGif Ekid if aH &;orm;vk;H 0ryg/ jynfe,fvv
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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    31
    ukd;uG,f,kHMunfrI

    (1) Ak'bmom
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    f ay:aygufcahJ om rl*sm[pf
    aomif;usef;rIaMumihf Ak'bmom0ifwkdif;&if;om; aus;&Gmtrsm;tjym; ysufjym;cJh&\/ bk&m;? apwD? ykxkd;?
    ausmif;ueftm;vkH;vkdvkd zsufqD;cHcJhMu&onf/
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1941-42 ckESpf ukvm;&ckdif t"dukPf;rwkdifrDumvu wnf&SdcJhMuaom
    bk&m;? ausmif;uef? apwD? odrf? pm&if;rsm;ukd aemufqufwGJ (i)wGif yl;wGJazmfjyxm;ygonf/
    e,fajrat;csr;f om,mNy;D aemufyidk ;f wGiv
    f nf; bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,ftwGi;f ysupf ;D cJ&h aom wkid ;f &if;om;
    aus;&Gmrsm;? bk&m;? ausmif;uef? apwD? ykxkd;rsm;ukd tjynhft0 xyfrHjyKjyifwnfaqmufEkdifrI r&Sdao;aMumif;
    awGU&ygonf/
    vuf&Sd 1994 ckESpfwGif bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,ftwGif; wnf&SdMuaom bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm;? &[ef;?
    omraPrsm;pm&if;ukd aemufqufwGJ(p)wGif yl;wGJazmfjyxm;ygonf/
    EdkifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJU tpkd;&vufxufwGif bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fonf e,fajr
    vkNH cKH ryI rdk adk umif;rGev
    f mcJo
    h nf/ Ak'o
    moemawmfudk tm;ay;cs;D ajrm ufrjI yKc&hJ mrS ysupf ;D cJ&h aom a&S;a[mif;apwD
    ykxkd;rsm;ukd topfxyfrHwnfxm; ukd;uG,frIrsm; &SdcJhonf/ xkdYaMumihf bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&Sd jyefvnfwnfxm;
    ukd;uG,fEkdifaom bk&m;? apwD? ykxkd;rsm;? Ak'omoedu taqmuftOD;rsm;? pm&if;ukd aemufqufwGJ(q)wGif
    yl;wGJazmfjyxm;ygonf/

    (2) tDpvmrfbmom
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fonf tDpvrfbmom0if b*FvDvlrsKd;rsm; trsm;pkaexkdif&m NrdKUe,fwpfckjzpf\/
    b*FvDvlrsKd;rsm;\ tDpvmrfbmomqkdif&m ukd;uG,f0yfjyK&m AvDrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ NrdKUe,fwpfckvkH;&Sd AvDta&
    twGuf pkpkaygif;pm&if;ukd aemufqufwGJ(Z)wGif yl;wGJazmfjyxm;ygonf/
    xkdYtjyif tDpvmrfbmom tqkH;trukd oifMum;ykdYcs&m tm&fbDpmoifausmif;BuD;(22)ausmif;ESihf
    ausmif;i,f(179)ausmif;? pkpkaygif; (201)ausmif;&Sd\/ tm&fbDpmoifjyq&maygif; (149)OD; &SdaMumif;
    od&onf/1
    AvDrsm;ukd AvDBu;D ? AvDi,f[
    l cGjJ cm;owfrw
    S x
    f m;&So
    d nf/ AvDBu;D qko
    d nfrmS aomMumaeY rGe;f vGcJ sed f
    pkaygif;0yfjyKcGifh&Sdaom (*srm)AvDjzpfNyD; AvDi,fqkdonfrSm aeYpOf(5)Budrf0yfjyKNyD; aomMumaeY rGef;vGJcsdef
    0yfjyKcGihfr&Sdaom AvDyifjzpfonf/
    tm&fbDpmoifausmif;BuD;qkdonfrSm tDpvmrfbmoma&; tajccHynmESihf txufwef;ynmoifjy
    aom ausmif;jzpf ausmif;i,frmS tDpv
    mrfbmoma&;uav;olil ,frsm;tm; oifjyaom rlvwef;ausmif;yif
    2
    jzpfonf/
    xkdYjyif bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f tm&fbDpm (12)wef;xd oifMum;ay;Ekdifaom wuodkvf(3)ck&SdaMumif;
    od&onf/ if;wkrYd mS bl;oD;awmifNrKd U trSw(f 3)&yfuu
    G &f dS tm&fbw
    D uov
    dk ?f &uRe;f ('k;d wef;)&Sd tm&fbw
    D uov
    dk ?f
    rD;ausmif;aps;tm&fbDwuokdvfwkdY jzpfMuonf/ xkdwuokdvfrsm;rSm tm&fbDpm(12)wef;atmifvQif
    armfv0Dq&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifEdkifaMumif; od&onf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    32

    (3) [dELbmom
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif [dELbmom0ifaygif; (829)OD;aexkdifvsuf&Sdonf/ [dELtrsm;pkrSm pD;yGm;a&;
    tqifhtwef;edrfhusMu\/ txl;ojzihf qHovkyfief;? tdrfazmftvkyform;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ [dELbmom0ifwkdY
    ukd;uG,f0yfjyK&m bk&m;&Sdckd;ausmif;[l owfowfrSwfrSwf r&SdEkdifoavmuf tajctaewGif &Sdonf/ 194142 ckEpS f rwkid rf u
    D trSw(f 1)&yfuu
    G w
    f iG f [dEL vlrsK;d rsm; uk;d uG,0f yfjyKc&hJ m [dEL bk&m;&Scd ;dk ausmif; wpfc&k cdS o
    hJ nf/
    if;rSm NydKysufoGm;NyD;aemuf ,cktcg OD;apmarmifAvD tjzpf toGifajymif;vsuf wnf&Sdaeonf/
    [dEL vlrsK;d rsm;onf yGv
    J rf;obif usi;f yMu&mwGif bl;oD;awmifNrKd U trSw(f 7)&yfuu
    G &f dS tcef;wpfcEk iS hf
    trSw(f 2)&yfuu
    G &f dS taqmuftOD?;i,fwpfcu
    k o
    dk m ,m,Db&k m;&Scd ;dk ausmif;tjzpf uk;d uG,0f yfjyKaMumif; awGU&
    onf/

    (4) c&pf,mefbmom
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fwiG f c&pf,mefbmom0ifwYdk uk;d uG,0f yfjyK&m bk&m;&Scd ;dk ausmif;wpfcu
    k dk trSw(f 4)
    wkd;csJU&yfuGuf&Sd aetdrfwpfaqmifukd owfrSwfxm;aMumif; awGU&ygonf/

    bmompum;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif aexkdifvsuf&SdMuaom &ckdif? Arm? NrdK? ouf? crD;? 'kdif;euf? &Srf;? csif;? u&if?
    rGe?f b*Fvv
    D rl sK;d rsm;wGif rdrw
    d \
    Ykd uk,
    d yf idk b
    f mompum;rsm; toD;oD;&SMd uonf/ [dEL rsm;rSm uk,
    d yf idk b
    f mompum;
    ukd ajymqkdwwfajrmufjcif; r&SdMuawmhbJ b*FvDpum;ukdyif ajymqkdvQuf &SdMuonf/ rdrdwkdYvlrsKd;tcsif;csif;
    qufoG,fajymMum;&m ukd,fykdifbmompum;ukd okH;pGJMuonf/ vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;ESihf wpfrsKd;qufoG,f&mwGif &ckdif
    pum;ukd bkb
    H mompum;tjzpf ok;H pGMJ uonf/ &ckid pf um;em;rvnfaom b*FvrD sm;twGuf b*Fvb
    D mompum;
    jzihf ajymqkdMuonf/
    ,cktcg Armpum;rSm bkHbmompum;tjzpf qufoG,fokH;pGJrI pwifvmNyD;jzpfaMumif; awGU&onf/

    tvkyftukdif
    &ckid jf ynfe,f bl;l oD;awmifckid f bl;l oD;awmifNrKd Ue,ftwGi;f &Sd aexkid v
    f su&f MdS uaom vlrsK;d ? uk;d uG,o
    f nfh
    bmomESihf tvkyftukdif tajcjypm&if;Z,m;ukd aemufqufwGJ(ps)wGif azmfjytyfygonf/
    ukd;um;csufrsm;
    1/
    OD;pHxGef;atmif ukd,fawGUar,kajrESihf kd[if*smpmwrf;(vufESdyfpufrI) aemufqufwGJ ajrykHMurf;-1/
    2/
    OD;pHxGef;atmif bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,forkdif;jzpfpOf
    3/
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fygwD,el pf/ bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fwiG ;f odYk taemufbufe,fpyfEidk if rH sm;rS Ekid if jH cm;om;
    b*FvDvlrsKd;rsm; tajcpkdufaexkdifvmrItay: okH;oyfcsufpmwrf;(1972 ckESpf)/
    4/
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;ESihf jynfolYtiftm;OD;pD;Xme\ tajccHudef;*Pef;rsm;?
    5/
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f omoema&;OD;pD;Xme\ tajccHudef;*Pef;rsm;/
    6/
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f Nidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJU\ tajccHudef;*Pef;rsm;
    7/
    bll;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f oHCem,utzGJU\ wifjycsufpmwrf;/
    8/
    bll;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;jyKpka&;tzGJU0if? OD;zkd;xGef;OD;\ ukd,fykdifrSwfpkrsm;/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    33
    aemufqufwGJ(u-1)

    &ckdifjynfe,f bl; oD; awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1941-42 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhMuaom &ckdifESihf


    wkdif; &if; om;vlrsKd; aus;&Gmrsm;pm&if;

    1
    1

    &yfuGuf^
    aus;&Gmtkyfpk
    2
    b'um;

    txufausmif;awmif

    wif;ar

    *kyd

    pOf

    vuf&Sd
    tajctae
    4
    armufvkH;
    crD;
    &Gmysuf
    rTD;yef;atmif i&efYacsmif;
    &ckkdif
    /
    jrwfomatmif
    &ckkdif
    /
    a&TxGef;
    &ckkdif
    /
    atmifbef;
    &ckkdif
    /
    armiffpdef
    &ckkdif
    /
    bku
    d av;
    &ckidk f
    /
    ay:xGe;f atmif
    &ckidk f
    /
    txufbu
    dk av;
    &ckidk f
    /
    aMumifpm;
    crD;
    /
    xkJkH;acsmif;
    crD;
    /
    aMumifpm;
    &ckkdif+ ouf
    /
    td;k Zjcrf;
    &ckidk f
    /
    usD;eIwfoD;
    &ckkdif
    /
    o&ufaygufusyf
    &ckkdif
    /
    wif;cGew
    f idk f
    &ckidk f
    /
    b'um;
    &ckkdif
    /
    ig;jrif;abmf
    &ckkdif
    /
    jcifao
    NrdK
    /
    yefZd
    NrdK
    /
    b'um;
    crD;
    /
    ig;jrif;abmf
    crD;
    /
    ausmufuGJ
    NrdK ukvm;&Gm
    ausmif;awmif
    &ckkdif
    /
    oJeD
    crD;
    /
    wif;ar
    &ckidk f
    /
    uE;l
    &ckidk f
    /
    uEl;
    crD;
    /
    ig;jrif;abmf
    crD;
    /
    ief;awmfywf
    &ckkdif
    &Gmysuf
    p[k;H (a&TvOS ;D )
    &ckidk f
    /
    omZHOD;
    &ckkdif
    /
    aus;&Gmtrnf

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32

    rSwfcsuf
    5

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    34
    aemufqufwGJ(u-1)

    &ckdifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1941-42 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhMuaom &ckdifESihf


    wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aus;&Gmrsm;pm&if;
    &yfuGuf^
    aus;&Gmtkyfpk
    2

    pOf
    1
    *kyd

    uRef;ayguff

    aus;&Gmtrnf
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    38
    39
    40
    41
    42
    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    48
    49
    50
    51
    52
    53
    54
    55
    56
    57
    58
    59
    60
    61
    62
    63
    64

    zawmftif;zm;
    &ckkdif
    a&Tyef;OD;(awmifarmff)
    &ckkdif
    xGef;atmifausmf(vdyf&)
    &ckkdif
    a&TxGef;(vrff;awmif)
    &ckkdif
    armifeD
    &ckkdif
    ref;jratmif
    &ckkdif
    ausmfxGef;
    crD;awmif
    a&TjzL-yJowl
    &ckkdif
    ZrPD
    'kdif;euf
    wif;ar
    'kdif;euf
    ZrPD
    crD;
    vSSxGef;atmifjrif&Snf
    yef;r-bciftif;acsmif;?
    &ckidk f
    MumxGef;atmif
    &rf;NAJ
    awmf&SD? tkdjALzm;
    bkwfukd? p[kef;tkdjAL
    crD;
    atmifc
    crD;
    irJatmifausmufuGJ
    ,datmif
    crD;
    arsmuf&J
    &ckdif
    z0ef;
    crD;
    pHxGef;
    NrdK
    ZeDOD;0JvGef;
    &ckdif
    <uDacsmif;
    &ckkdif
    <uDacsmif;(txufatmuf)
    crD;
    qnfckH
    &ckkdif
    vkHbG,f
    &ckkdif
    yJvGef;
    crD;
    &TDxGef;(okdifwykwf)
    crD;
    Z&pfwuf(awmifayguf)
    &ckkdif
    ausmfZH
    &ckkdif
    rif;avmif;
    &ckkdif

    vuf&Sd
    tajctae
    4
    &Gmysuf
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    &ckdif&Gm
    /
    crD;&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    /
    ukvm;&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    /
    /
    /

    rSwfcsuf
    5

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    35
    aemufqufwGJ(u-1)

    &ckdifjynfe,f bl; oD; awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1941-42 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhMuaom &ckdifESihf


    wkdif; &if;om;vlrsKd;aus;&Gmrsm;pm&if;
    vu&S
    &yfuGuf^
    rSwfc
    aus;&Gmtrnf
    pOf
    tajcta
    aus;&Gmtkyfpk
    suf
    e
    1
    2
    4
    5
    6 uRe;f ayguff
    65 eef;tk;d
    crD;
    &Gmysuf
    arsmuf&(J c)yef;zJacsmif; 66 yef;zJacsmif;
    &ckidk f
    &ckid &f mG
    67 awmifuv
    k m;(ac:)vSatmif
    &Gmysuf
    68 arsmuf&J
    &ckidk f
    /
    69 arsmuf&J
    crD;
    /
    70 ydEyJ ifqdyf
    &ckidk f
    /
    71 ief;em;(c) cxD;vS
    7

    ZD;wkH

    b'em

    rD;acsmif;acgif;f qGJ

    10 tif;acsmif;

    72
    73
    74
    75
    76
    77
    78
    79
    80
    81
    82
    83
    84
    85
    86
    87

    ZD;wkH
    awmifBu;D &if;
    arsmuf&J
    ZD;wkBH u;D
    ZD;wkaH cs
    jyifacgifacs
    ompnf
    jyifacgifBu;D
    vdyyf w
    k f
    b'em
    ,ifabmif
    b'emzsm;
    c,ifacsmif;
    b'em
    jyifacgiftxuf
    jyifacgifatmuf

    &ckidk f
    &ckidk f
    &ckid f
    &ckid f
    &ckid f
    &ckidk f
    NrdK
    &ckid f
    'kid ;f euf
    'kid ;f euf
    'kid ;f euf
    'kid ;f euf
    &ckid f
    crD;
    crD;

    88 rD;ausmif;acgif;qGJ

    'kid ;f euf

    89
    90
    91
    92
    93

    'kid ;f euf
    'kid ;f euf
    &ckidk f

    ukew
    f ef;
    tiff;acsmif;
    awmifarmf
    tif;acsmif;cs;D ukidk jf yif
    apwDwjyif (c)atmifausmcf idk f

    &ckid cf rD;
    pHjy&Gm
    &ckid &f mG
    /
    &Gmysuf
    /
    /
    /
    NrdK&Gm
    &ckid &f mG
    &Gmysuf
    /
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    &Gmysuf
    /
    &ckid &f mG
    &Tmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    armifErS
    ukvm;&Gm
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    ukvm;&Gm

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    36
    aemufqufwGJ(u-1)

    &ckdifjynfe,f bl; oD; awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1941-42 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhMuaom &ckdifESihf


    wkdif; &if;om;vlrsKd;aus;&Gmrsm;pm&if;
    pOf
    1

    &yfuGuf^
    aus;&Gmtkyfpk
    2

    11 i&efaY csmif;
    12 ,if;rausmif;awmif

    13 w&*l

    aus;&Gmtrnf
    94
    95
    96
    97
    98
    99
    100
    101
    102
    103
    104
    105
    106
    107
    108
    109
    110
    111
    112
    113
    114
    115
    116
    117
    118
    119
    120
    121
    122
    123
    124

    cs;D udik ;f
    ,if;r
    i&efaY csmif;
    armifErS
    Burd af csmif
    e*g;&m
    u,ifacsmif;
    qift;dk
    w&*l
    i[dwaf csmif;
    yD&Guf
    A[kjd yif&mG opf
    rIid ;f Z&
    oHy&k m
    yef;uk;H r
    aygufusyf
    tif;acsmif;
    'k;d wef;
    pdw&
    acsmif;oG,f
    a&csr;f
    qifrOD;ukid f
    aygufusy0f
    A[kjd yif&mG a[mif;
    vufyu
    H idk ;f
    avmif;acsmif;
    ewfoa&G;
    abmxDuidk ;f
    t0jyif
    acsmif;aygufzsm;
    uwifBu;D

    &ckidk f
    &ckidk af ps;
    &ckid f
    &ckid f
    &ckid f
    'kid ;f euf
    'kid ;f euf
    &ckid f
    &ckid f
    &ckid f
    'kid ;f euf
    'kid ;f euf
    'kid ;f euf
    'kid ;f euf
    'kid ;f euf
    'kid ;f euf
    'kid ;f euf
    crD;
    crD;
    'kid ;f euf
    'kid ;f euf
    'kid ;f euf
    crD;

    vuf&Sd
    rSwfcsuf
    tajctae
    4
    5
    &Gmysuf
    &ckid &f mG
    ukvm;&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &ckid &f mG
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &ckid f
    &ckid f
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    crD;
    crD;
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    37
    aemufqufwGJ(u-1)

    &ckdifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1941-42 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhMuaom &ckdifESihf


    wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aus;&Gmrsm;pm&if;
    pOf

    &yfuGuf^ aus;&Gmtkyfpk

    1
    2
    14 carmif;acsmif;

    15 tkwfawmif

    16 avmif;acsmif;

    17 wyfrif;acsmif;
    18 iusOaf wmuf

    aus;&Gmtrnf
    125
    126
    127
    128
    129
    130
    131
    132
    133
    134
    135
    136
    137
    138
    139
    140
    141
    142
    143
    144
    145
    146
    147
    148
    149
    150
    151

    bJwuf
    acsmif;ayguff
    kd;eDacs
    'kdYus
    vufyH
    vufyf zH sm;
    ukvm;acgif;
    oabFmarSmuf
    qifjzLawmif
    tkid ;f xGufBu;D
    armifESr
    opfaygufacsmif;
    tkwfawmif
    ajrmacsmif; (cGGqkH)
    ajrmacsmif;
    ajrmacsmif;
    0ufacs&
    avmif;acsmif;
    qifpG,f&
    yde;f acsmif;
    csD;pm;
    i&efY
    abmufcif
    Budrfacsmif;
    iusOfawmuf
    o&Dukef;wef;
    atmfvjH yif

    'g;ykdifq&m (c)
    pOfhatmif&Gma[mif;
    153 zGwfukdufacsmif;
    154 zavmif; (c) azmifawmfjyif
    155 0ufusdrf;

    &ckdif
    crD;
    crD;
    &ckdif
    'kid ;f euf
    'kdif;euf
    'kid ;f euf
    'kdif;euf
    'kdif;euf
    'kdif;euf
    &ckdif
    'kid ;f euf
    'kdif;euf
    &ckid f

    ukvm;&Gm

    152

    19 jyif&Snf(c)ausmufawmif

    vuf&Sd
    rSwfcsuf
    tajctae
    4
    5
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    crD;&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    'kdif;euf&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf

    &ckdif

    &ckdif&Gm
    ukvm;&Gm
    &Gmysuf

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    38
    aemufqufwGJ(u-1)

    &ckdifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1941-42 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhMuaom &ckdifESihf


    wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aus;&Gmrsm;pm&if;
    pOf

    &yfuGuf^ aus;&Gmtkyfpk

    1
    2
    21 jyif&Snf(c)ausmufawmif

    22 pHif;a0

    23 avmif;,kH

    24 &Dacsmif;jyifvS (c) Mo&r

    25 {&moQ

    aus;&Gmtrnf
    155
    156
    157
    158
    159
    160
    161
    162
    163
    164
    165
    166
    167
    168
    169
    170
    171
    172
    173
    174
    175
    176
    177
    178
    179
    180
    181
    182
    183
    184
    185

    0ufusdrf;
    jyif&Snf
    ausmufawmif
    uHykdifacsmif;
    uHykdifacsmif;
    carG;acsmif;
    uGefwkdif (c)pnfyifom,m
    pHif;a0
    0rf;wGif;
    uHykdifacsmif;
    atmuff0if;wGif;
    awmif&if;
    carGacsmif;
    avmif;,kH
    vlacgif;qGJ
    anmif0kdif;
    BudrfeD(tif;acsmif;)
    aomif;acs
    wl;ajrmif;av;
    ewfqdyf
    ovljym;
    awmifacsi,f
    awmifacsmif;BuD;
    Mo&r
    a&Smifr&SD;
    iwif;wdrf
    cgvmOD;
    ydEJcsKdif
    rif;ukdif;
    ovlukdif;
    txufuRJudkif;

    &ckdif
    &ckdfif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    crD;
    crD;
    crD;
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    crD;
    crD;
    crD;
    crD;
    crD;
    crD;
    NrdK
    crD;
    crD;
    NrdK
    crD;
    crD;
    NrdK
    crD;
    crD;
    crD;
    crD;

    vuf&Sd
    rSwfcsuf
    tajctae
    4
    5
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    crD;&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    crD;&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    NrdK&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    NrdK&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    NrdK&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    crD;&Gm

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    39
    aemufqufwGJ(u-1)

    &ckdifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1941-42 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhMuaom &ckdifESihf


    wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aus;&Gmrsm;pm&if;
    pOf

    &yfuGuf^ aus;&Gmtkyfpk

    26 unifacsmif;

    27 eef;&mukef;

    28 NrdKUr
    29 vuf0J'ufjyif&Snf

    30 ausmufjzLawmif
    31 vuf0J'uf
    ykZGefacsmif;

    32 bukH;em;

    aus;&Gmtrnf
    186
    187
    188
    189
    190
    191
    192
    193
    194
    195
    196
    197
    198
    199
    200
    201
    202
    203
    204
    205
    206
    207
    208
    209
    210
    211
    212
    213
    214
    215
    216

    'g;aqmufykdif
    atmuffuRJkdif;
    {&moQ
    ,if;acsmif;
    ava0NrdKU
    r&rd
    ydEJBuD;
    csrf;om
    rif;vSukdif;(c)unifacsmif;
    wref;om;
    a&ay:
    ausmufjyifacsmif;
    'kdif;usyf
    unifacsmif;
    uif;acsmif;
    a&ylZm
    oHajc&Gm
    ausmuf&pf
    awmifacsmif;
    &Gmr
    av;aqmifpk
    tif;azmuf
    okH;aqmifpk
    NrdKawmif
    vuf0J'uf
    ykZGefacsmif;
    uif;qdyf
    xdrfawm
    uefykdif&Gm om,mukH;
    rOD;b&Gm
    'kH;acsmif

    vuf&Sd
    rSwfcsuf
    tajctae
    4
    5
    crD;
    crD;&Gm
    crD;
    crD;&Gm
    crD;
    crD;&Gm
    crD;
    crD;&Gm
    NrdK
    NrdK&Gm
    crD;
    crD;&Gm
    crD;
    crD;&Gm
    crD;
    crD;&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    crD;
    crD;&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    'kdif;euf 'kdif;euf&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    crD;
    crD;&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    crD;
    crD;&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    40
    aemufqufwGJ(u-1)

    &ckdifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1941-42 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhMuaom &ckdifESihf


    wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aus;&Gmrsm;pm&if;
    pOf

    &yfuGuf^ aus;&Gmtkyfpk

    33 uusbuffuHjyif

    34 uusbuf
    35 tv,faf csmif;
    36 uif;acsmif;

    37 twGif;iSufao

    38 jyifacsmif;

    39 o&ufjyif
    40 av;NrdKUysm&nf

    aus;&Gmtrnf
    217
    218
    219
    220
    221
    222
    223
    224
    225
    226
    227
    228
    229
    230
    231
    232
    233
    234
    235
    236
    237
    238
    239
    240
    241
    242
    243
    244
    245
    246
    247

    vGefaxmif
    anmifNcHK (c) ausmufwef;
    qiftdk;
    apwDawmif
    wyf&m
    ijzL&Gm
    tkef;wyif
    tv,ffacsmif;
    uif;acsmif;
    uif;acsmif;&Gmopf
    uRef;om,m
    oaygufacsmif;
    tmumysH
    jyif&Snf
    jyif&Snf
    vufyef
    'kuif;acsmif;
    odrfawmif
    iSufao
    awmifarG;cs
    uGrf;csKdif
    jyifacsmif;
    a&ToD;
    oa&Tacsmif;
    vufyH
    NrdKUracsmif;
    awmifvS
    NydKif;acsmif;
    o&ufjyif
    ajrmacsmif;
    ysm&nf

    'kdif;euf
    crD;
    crD;
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    'kdif;euf
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    'kdif;euf
    &ckdif
    'kdif;euf
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    crD;
    crD;
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    crD;
    &ckdif
    crD;
    &ckdif

    vuf&Sd
    rSwfcsuf
    tajctae
    4
    5
    &Gmysuf
    crD;&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &ckkdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    'kdif;euf&Gm
    ukvm;&Gm
    ukvm;&Gm
    ukvm;&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    crD;&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    crD;&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif&Gm

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    41
    aemufqufwGJ(u-1)

    &ckdifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1941-42 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhMuaom &ckdifESihf


    wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aus;&Gmrsm;pm&if;
    pOf

    &yfuGuf^ aus;&Gmtkyfpk

    41 zkH;kdvdyf
    42 oydwfawmif
    43 pdrfhi;f jym;

    45 zkd;acgifacsmif; (c)uHjyif
    46 ompnf (c)OD;ausmf
    47 bk&m;jyifodef;wef;

    48 aq;tkd;us
    49 ausmuf&ef

    50 pH*kd;axmif

    51 O,smOfom (c)pyg;xm;

    aus;&Gmtrnf
    248
    249
    250
    251
    252
    253
    254
    255
    256
    257
    258
    259
    260
    261
    262
    263
    264
    265
    266
    267
    268
    269
    270
    271
    272
    273
    274
    275
    276
    277
    278

    av;NrdKU (c) Mumkdjyif


    zkHkdvGif
    oydwfawmif
    pdrfhif;jym;
    oajyawm
    uHao
    iSufaysmhacsmif;
    *lwmjyif
    ausmufpmwkdif
    rpkHawm
    ausmufpmwkdif
    zkd;acgifacsmif; (c)uHjyif
    vkdif&Snfjyif
    OD;ausmf
    jyifvS&Gmopf
    jyifvS&Gma[mif;
    odef;wef
    odef;wef&Gmopf
    0&uRef;
    oZifawm
    ausmuf&ef
    eEGif;wl;
    xdyfxl;ayguf
    awmif&Gm
    EGm;kHawmif
    pH*kd;awmiff
    oQpfoQm;awmif
    O,smOfom
    O,smOfom
    ig;zwkH;
    pyg;xm;

    vuf&Sd
    rSwfcsuf
    tajctae
    4
    5
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif
    &Gmysuf
    crD;
    &Gmysuf
    'kdif;euf
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    'kdif;euf ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm
    crD;
    crD;&Gm
    &ckdif
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif
    &ckdif&Gm

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    42
    aemufqufwGJ(u-1)

    &ckdifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1941-42 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhMuaom &ckdifESihf


    wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aus;&Gmrsm;pm&if;
    pOf

    &yfuGuf^ aus;&Gmtkyfpk

    52

    53

    54
    55

    56
    57

    58
    59

    60
    61

    aus;&Gmtrnf

    279 uGGrf;awmif
    280 toJacsmif;
    apwDawmif
    281 apwDawmif (c)awmiffarmf
    282 uHjyif
    283 bk&m;cs
    284 toJacsmif;
    285 csif;&Gm
    286 jyifacsmif;0
    287 jyifacsmiff;zsm;
    odkif;wykwf
    288 okdif;wykwf
    289 oajyukef;
    290 ausmufjyifqyd f
    tv,f0ufrus (c)apwDawmif 291 apwDawmif
    292 abmfvD
    aouH
    293 cGqkH
    294 acgif;BuD;
    295 0ufrus
    ausmufjzLom;aouH
    296 ausmufjzLom;aouH
    zkHacsmif;
    297 'kd;wef;
    298 zkHacsmif;
    299 'kd;wef;&Gmopf
    bk&m;jyifatmif,
    300 twGif;jyif
    txufu
    f RBJ uKd armf
    301 anmifacsmif;
    302 uRBJ uKd armf
    303 anmifacsmif;
    odeaf wmifjyif
    304 odeaf wmifjyif
    305 i&efYacsmif;
    NydKif;awmif
    306 NydKif;awmif
    307 ompnffukH;
    308 awmifacsmif;
    309 awmiffarmf
    310 a&SmufckHacsmif;

    &ckdif
    crD;
    &ckdif
    &ckid f
    crD;
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    crD;
    crD;
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckid f
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    'kdif;euf
    &ckid f
    &ckid f
    &ckdif
    'kid ;f euf
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    'kdif;euf
    'kdif;euf

    vuf&Sd
    rSwf
    tajctae csuf
    4
    5
    &ckdif&Gm
    crD;&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckid &f mG
    crD;? NrdK
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    crD;&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckid &f mG
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    ukvm;&Gm
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    ukvm;&Gm
    'kdif;euf&Gm
    &ckid &f mG
    &ckid &f mG
    &Gmysuf
    'kid ;f euf&mG
    &Gmysuf
    ukvm;&Gm
    ukvm;&Gm
    ukvm;&Gm
    'kdif;euf&Gm
    &Gmysuf

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    43
    aemufqufwGJ(u-1)

    &ckdifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1941-42 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhMuaom &ckdifESihf


    wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aus;&Gmrsm;pm&if;
    pOf

    &yfuGuf^ aus;&Gmtkyfpk

    aus;&Gmtrnf

    1
    2
    62 usdefauswif (c)'kjyif&Snf 311 usdefausmif;'kjyif&Snf
    63 uRJdik f;cwf
    312 tmusdwf (c)pufawmf
    313 'kd;a0 (c)uRJkdif;cwf
    314 ompnf
    315 reffatmif
    316 xdefZif
    64 utld'pmfr
    317 armifESr
    318 tkd;onfr
    65 'ktdk;onfr
    319 atmifbmavtwGif;jyif
    320 aiGawmif
    66 aygufawm
    321 aygufawm
    322 twGif;jyif
    323 atmifaZ,s
    67 ivSr;f jyif
    324 ivSrf;jyif

    &ckdif

    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckdif
    &ckid f

    vuf&Sd
    rSwfcsuf
    tajctae
    4
    5
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &ckdif&Gm
    &Gmysuf
    ukvm;&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &ckdif&Gm
    &mysuf
    &ckid &f mG

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    44
    aemufqufwGJ(u-2)

    &ckdifjynfe,f bl;oD; awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1942 ckESpf 0ef;usifu wnf&SdcJhaom


    b*FvDvlrsKd; aus;&Gmrsm;pm&if;
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21

    bkduav
    yef;aZaps;
    b'um;
    pmwkdif
    ausmif;awmifacs
    wif;ar
    uRef;ayguf
    yef;zJacsmif;
    armifESr
    i&efYacsmif;
    'kH;ykdif
    rD;ausmif;acsmif;
    jcif;orm;
    azmifawmfjyif
    atmfvHjyif
    armifBuD;axmihf
    qiftkd;jyif
    wyfrif;acsmif;
    ausmufjzLawmif
    uHBuD;jyif
    vuf0J'ufjyif&Snf

    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    38
    39
    40
    41
    42

    eef;&mukef;
    ZD;yifawmif(uGefwkdif)
    &Gufkdawmif
    ql;awmif
    uusbuf
    ausmufqdwf
    odrfawmif
    twGif;iSufao
    Mumdkjyif (uif;awmif)
    zkdkkdvdyf
    'kd;wef;(0&uRef;)
    0&uRef;
    pdrfhif;jym
    *lwmjyif
    zkd;acgifacsmif;
    twGif;jyif
    bk&m;jyif
    'kd;wef;(bk&m;jyif)
    apwDawmif
    vufom&Gm
    cGqkH

    45

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    aemufqufwGJ(c)
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    5 tif;acsmif;
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    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35

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    10 twGif;iSufao
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    46

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    aemufqufwGJ(*)

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    53
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    12
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    17
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    23
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    1952
    1950
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    1950
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    1955

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    19
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    57
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    136
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    1952
    1952
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    31

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    33
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    35

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    36
    37
    38
    39
    40
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    42
    43
    44
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    1955
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    130 470
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    48

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    aemufqufwGJ (C-1)

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    6
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    49
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    19
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    22
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    25
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    51
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    52
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    48
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    7
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    31
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    51
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    118
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    10
    25
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    16
    46
    47
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    25
    78
    74
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    91
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    82
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    22
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    78
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    aygif; rSwfcsuf
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    238
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    53
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    pOf

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    17 o&ufjyif

    18 pnfawmif
    19 *lwmjyif
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    26
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    aygif; rSwfcsuf
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    196
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    176
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    54
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    &yfuGuf^
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    aygif; rSwfcsuf
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    55
    aemufqufwGJ(C-4)

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    9 avmif;acsmif;
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    1412
    1330
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    aygif; rSwfcsuf
    262
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    18
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    2742

    aemufqufwGJ(C-5)

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    2
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    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
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    10 b'em
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    aygif; rSwfcsuf
    45
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    56
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    15
    16
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    18
    19
    20
    21
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    46
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    57
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    1
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    58
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    59
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    116
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    74
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    781
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    171
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    87
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    265
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    510
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    60
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    30

    31
    32

    33

    34
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    61
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    63
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    65

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    28
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    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1

    1
    1
    1
    1

    1
    1
    1
    -

    /
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    &Gmysuf
    ,ck
    &Gm&Sd
    &Gm&Sd
    &Gm&Sd
    ,ck
    /
    &Gm&Sd
    &Gm&Sd
    &Gm&Sd
    ,ck
    &Gm&Sd
    &Gm&Sd
    &Gm&Sd
    ,ck
    &Gm&Sd
    &Gm&Sd

    67

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    aemufq ufw GJ( i)

    pOf

    &yfu Gu f aus;&Gm tky fp k

    aus;&Gm trnf

    Ak ' b mom?omoedu
    taqmuft OD;
    trsKd; tpm;
    ausmif; apwD odr f

    36 bk&m;jyifodef;weftkyfpk

    3
    OD;ausmf&mG (&ckid )f

    4
    1

    5
    1

    6
    -

    jyifvS&Gmopf(&ckdif)

    jyifvS&Gma[mif;(&ckdif)
    odef;wef(&ckdif)

    1
    1

    vuf& Sd
    tajc
    tae
    7
    &Gm&Sd
    ,ck
    ukvm;
    &Gm
    /
    &Gm&Sd

    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1

    1
    1
    1

    1
    1
    1
    1

    ,ck
    ukvm;
    &Gm
    /
    &Gm&Sd
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /

    apwDawmif(&ckdif)

    44 aouHcGqkHtkyfpk

    cGqkH&ckdif

    45 ausmufjzLom;aouH (&ckdif)

    ausmufjzLom;aouH
    (&ckdif)

    odef;wef;&Gmopf(&ckidk )f
    37 aq;tk;d ustkyfpk
    38 ausmuf&eftkyfpk
    39 pH0kdif;awmiftkyfpk

    aq;tk;d us(&ckid )f
    ausmuf&ef(&ckdif)
    pH0kdif;awmiftkyfpk(&ckdif)
    EGm;kHawmiftkyfpk(&ckdif)
    vQif&Sm;awmif(&ckdif)
    OD;,mOfom(&ckid )f
    40 OD;,mOfom(c)pyg;xm;tkyfpk pyg;xm; (&ckdif)
    uGrf;axmif(&ckdif)
    41 pnfawmif awmifarmftkyfpk uHjyif&ckdif
    oJacsmif;(&ckdif)
    okdif;wykwf(&ckdif)
    42 okdif;wykwftkyfpk
    oajyukef;(&ckdif)
    arsmufjyif(&ckdif)
    apwDawmif(&ckdif)
    cGqkH&ckdif

    43

    tv,f0ufrus(c)
    apwDawmiftkyfpk

    rSw f
    csuf
    8

    68

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    aemufqufwGJ(i)

    pOf

    &yfuGuf aus;&Gmtkyfpk

    aus;&Gmtrnf

    46 zkHacsmif;tkyfpk

    Ak'bmom?omoedu
    vuf&Sd
    rSwf
    taqmuftOD;trsKd;tpm;
    tajc
    csuf
    tae
    ausmif; apwd odrf
    4

    'kd;wef;(&ckdif)

    48 odefawmifjyiftkyfpk

    zkHacsmif;tkyfpk
    anmifacsmif;(&ckdif)
    anmifacsmif;(&ckdif)
    odefawmifjyiftkyfpk

    1
    1
    1
    1

    1
    -

    49 pkdif;awmiftkyfpk

    awmifarmf(&ckdif)

    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    112

    1
    12

    1
    1
    30

    47 txufuRBJ udKarmftkyfpk

    50 'kjyif&Snf&ckdif
    51 uRJ idk ;f ywftyk pf k

    52 y-tkd;a0rtkyfpk
    53 aygufawmtkyfpk
    54 i^vSrf;jyiftkyfpk
    pkpkaygif;

    ompnfukef;(&ckdif)
    Zif;cgr ('kdif;euf)
    usdefausmuf(c)'kjyif&Snf&ckdif
    tmusw
    d f(&ckid )f
    'kd;a0(c) uRJkdif;
    omqnf(&ckdif)
    armifESr (&ckdif)
    aygufawm(&ckdif)
    aygufawm(&ckdif)
    twGif;jyif(&ckdif)
    i^vSrf;jyiftkyfp(k &ckdif)

    ,ck
    ukvm;
    &Gm
    &Gm&Sd
    &Gm&Sd
    &Gmysuf
    &Gm&Sd
    ,ck
    ukvm;
    &Gm
    &Gm&Sd
    ,ck
    /
    &Gm&Sd
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /

    ukd; um;csuf
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f oHCem,utzGJU\ 27-11-89&ufpGJyg Ak'0iforkdif; a&S;a[mif;vuf&mrsm;jzpf
    aom bk&m;? apwD? ykxkd;ausmif;odrfrsm;ESihf Ak'bmom0ifwkdY aexkdifcJh&ma'orsm;jzpfaom aus;vufa'o
    aus;&Gmtrsm;tjym; ysufpD;? wdrfaum&Sdaejcif;ESihf ywfouf wifjypm}}(vufESdyfpufrl)/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    69
    aemufqufwGJ(i)

    &ckdifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif 1941-42 ckESpfrwkdifrDu &yfuGufaus;&Gmtkyfpktvkduf


    wnf&SdcJhMuaom Ak'omoemqkdif&m omoedu taqmuftOD;trsKd;tpm;ESihf
    OD;a&tajcjyZ,m;
    tykdif;(u)
    pm&if;rSm aemufqufwGJ(i) tykdif;(u)wGif ryg0ifcJhaom a&S;a[mif;apwDykxkd;rsm;ESihf if;wkdY
    wnfxm;ukd;uG,frIqkdif&m taxmuftxm;rsm;ukd &SmazGwifjyxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/

    (1) "mwfawmifapwD(c) vufqufawmfapwD


    apwDawmfrSm bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f uif;acsmif;aus;&Gmtkyfpk vufyefcrGD;&GmopfteD; cgEkrdXdyAw
    awmifuek ;f ay: wnf&o
    dS nf/ &ckid "f n0wDjynf&iS f oD&,
    d purif;Bu;D (bDpD 316-272) ESirfh zd &k m; kpw
    D mwku
    Yd
    omoemou&mZf(222)ckEpS f wefaqmifrek ;f vjynfah usmf (1)&ufaeYwiG f pwifwnfxm;uk;d uG,cf o
    hJ nf/ Ak'\

    Asm'dwfawmfvm ]]vuf0Jawmf"mwf}}udef;0yfpHyg,fawmfrl&m apwDawmfjrwfwpfqljzpfonf/


    ESpyf &dap'Mumanmif;jcif;ESit
    fh wl acwftqufquf jyKjyifrrG ;f rHrnfo
    h l r&Sjd zpfc\
    hJ / c&mZf (1939)ckEpS f
    u jrawmifq&mawmfBu;D OD;okEw
    &trSL;xm; uusbufujH yifaus;&Gmtkypf k &ckid af [mif;ae OD;eDxeG ;f atmif
    uif;acsmif;? tmumys?H &GmBu;D ('kuif;acsmif;)? oaygufacsmif;? cs;D yk&H mG ? wkrYd S &Gmol&mG om;rsm;u pkaygif;xnf0h if
    vSL'gef;aiGrsm;jzihf xyfrHwnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf/
    1941-42 ckESpftwGif;u jzpfyGm;cJhaom ukvm;&ckdift"dukPf;umvwGif zsufpD;jcif;cHcJh&onf/
    ,aeYwidk af tmif jyefvnfwnfxm;uk;d uG,jf cif; rjyKEidk af o;ay/ apwDawmfae&mrS rMumcP "mwfueG jYf rL;onf
    ukd teD;ywf0ef;usif&Sd &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;u awGUjrifaMumif; od&ygonf/

    (2) ausmif;awmifapwDawmf
    apwDawmfrmS bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f ausmif;awmifaus;&Gmtkypf k ausmif;awmif&u
    J if;pcef;teD;wGif
    wnf&cdS o
    hJ nf/ orkid ;f tpOftvm ajympum;t& ]]Oyum&D}}NrKd Ua[mif;wnf&cdS &hJ mae&mjzpf\/ apwDawmfrmS
    a&S;a[mif;apwDawmfwpfql jzpfonf/
    1941-42 ckEpS t
    f wGi;f jzpfymG ;cJah om ukvm;&ckid t
    f "dukP;f umvwGif zsuq
    f ;D cHc&hJ onf/ apwDawmf
    NydKysuf&mrS xGufay:vmaom a&S;a[mif;vuf&m tptersm;ukd ,aeYwkdifatmif awGUEkdifayonf/

    (3) wHcGefapwDawmf
    apwDawmfrmS bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f 'um;aus;&Gmtkypf k yef;aZNrKd U&Gma[mif;wGif wnf&cdS o
    hJ nf/ &ckid f
    a0omvDjynh&f iS f oD&pd `Em ;rif; (at'D 595-667)vufxufu wnfxm;uk;d uG,cf ahJ om a&S;a[mif;apwDawmf
    wqljzpfonf/ orkdif;tpOftvmt& ]]yl&Ey}}NrdKUa[mif; wnf&SdcJh&m ae&mjzpfonf/
    1941-42 ckESpfwGif jzpfyGm;cJhaom ukvm;&ckdift"dukPf;umvwGif zsufpD;xm;jcif;cH&NyD; ,aeYwkdif
    jyefvnfwnfxm;ukd;uG,fjcif; r&Sdao;ay/

    (4) uif;awmifapwDawmf
    apwDawmfrSm bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f iSufaoaus;&Gmtkyfpk 'kH;odrf(xkwfodrf)\ajrmufbufpl;pl;
    awmifuek ;f ay: wnf&o
    dS nf/ wEAv
    dk pf E0Zd ,
    d &mZm(at'D 1631-1634)vufxufu xkwo
    f rd u
    f dk jyKjyifrrG ;f rH
    csdef wNydKifwnf; wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhaom a&S;a[mif;apwDawmfjrwf wqljzpfonf/
    1941-42 ckESpftwGif;u jzpfyGm;cJhaom ukvm;&ckdift"dukPf;umvwGif zsufpD;jcif;cHcJh&onf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    70

    apwDawmf\ ausmuftkwfjrpfukd ,aeYwkdif awGUjrifEdkifcJhonf/ if;apwDteD;wGif tkwfapwDysufwpfqlvnf;


    awGU&onf/ jyefvnfwnfxm;ukd;uG,fjcif; rjyKEdkifao;ay/

    (5) odrfawmifapwD
    apwDawmfrmS bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f odraf wmifaus;&Gmtkypf k odraf wmif&mG wGif wnf&cdS o
    hJ nf/ apwDawmf
    wnf&Sd&m ukef;jrifhay:wGif b*FvDvlrsKd;wpfOD;u tdrfaqmufvkyf aexkdifvsuf&Sdonf/
    1941-42 ckEpS t
    f wGi;f jzpfymG ;cJah om ukvm;&ckid t
    f "dukP;f umvwGif zsupf ;D cHc&hJ Ny;D tdraf qmufvyk f
    aexkdif&mrS a&S;a[mif;vuf&m taxmuftxm;rsm;ukd azsmufzsufvkdufjcif; jzpfygonf/

    (6) uGef'kdifacsmif;apwD
    apwDawmfrmS bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f ,ckueG 'f idk u
    f v
    k m;&GmteD; acsmif;urf;yg;ab;wGif wnf&cdS o
    hJ nf/
    a&S;a[mif;apwDawmfwqljzpf 1941-42 ckESpf ukvm;&ckdif t"dukPf;umvwGif zsufpD;cH&um ,aeYwkdif
    jyefvnfwnfxm;ukd;uG,fjcif; rjyKEkdifao;ay/

    (7) uGef'kdifacsmif;apwD
    apawmfrmS bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f &Gu
    f adk wmifaus;&Gm wnf&cdS o
    hJ nf/ zkcd aemufo@mefapwDo;Hk ql
    wnfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ a&S;a[mif;apwDawmfrsm; jzpfMu\/ 1941-42 ckEpS f ukvm;&ckid t
    f "dukP;f umvwGif
    zsupf ;D cHc&hJ onf/ apwDawmfrsm;ae&mwGif b*Fvv
    D rl sK;d rsm; tdraf qmufvyk f aexkid v
    f su&f o
    dS nf/ jyefvnfwnf
    xm;ukd;uG,fjcif; rjyKEdkifao;ay/

    (*) em;vdyfawmf"mwfapwD
    apwDawmfrSm bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f avmif;,kHaus;&GmtkyfpkwGif wnf&Sdonf/ Ak'\ Asm"dawmfvm
    tjzpfawmfrsm;rS ,kefrif;wZmpfjzpfcJhonfukd tpGJjyK avmif;,kH[k ac:wGifonf[k cefYrSef;rdonf/
    &ckdif"n0wDjynfh&Sif ol&d,purif;BuD; (bDpD 316-272)ESihf rdzk&m;BuD; l0d,mwkdYu omoemawmf
    ou&mZf(222)ckEpS f wefaqmifrek ;f vjynfah usmf (1)&ufaeYwiG f pwifwnfxm;uk;d uG,cf o
    hJ nf/ Ak'\
    ]]em;vdyf
    awmf"mwf}} ude;f 0yfpyH g,fawmfr&l mapwDawmfwpfql jzpfonf/ &ckid b
    f &k if tqufqufu taemufwumtjzpf
    jyKjyifrGrf;rHukd;uG,fcJhMuonf/
    1941-42 ckESpf ukvm;&ckdift"dukPf;umvwGif zsufpD;cHcJh&onf/ ,aeYwkdif jyefvnfukd;uG,fjcif;
    rjyKEkdifao;ay/
    apwDawmfwnf&mrS "mwfuGefYjrL;onfukd teD;ywf0ef;usif&Sd &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;u rMumcP awGUjrif&
    onf[k ajymMuonf/

    (9) pkdif;'ifapwDawmfteD; apwDawmf


    apwDawmfrSm pkdif;wifa&wcGefteD; jyifacsmif;(uGef;csdef)&Gmzuf ta&SUbufawmifay: wnf&SdcJh
    aom a&S;a[mif;apwDawmfwqljzpfonf/ 1941-42 ckEpS f ukvm;&ckid t
    f "dukP;f umvwGif zsuq
    f ;D jcif;cH&Ny;D
    ,aeYwkdif jyefvnfwnfxm;ukd;uG,fjcif; rjyKEdkifao;ay/

    (10) eef;&mukef;apwD
    apwDawmfrSm bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f eef;&mukef;aus;&Gmtkyfpk bl;oD;awmif-ausmufawmf
    um;vrf;awmifbuf eef;&muke;f uwk;d qdy&f mG teD; wnf&cdS o
    hJ nf/ ajrykt
    H Te;f t& ,cifb;l oD;awmifoabFm

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    71

    qdyfa[mif;\ ta&SUajrmufpl;pl; jrpfqdyfurf;rS udkuf 440 tuGmwGif wnf&Sdonf/ apwDawmfwnfae&mrSm


    ,cktcg v,fuiG ;f tjzpf ajymif;vJaeNy;D jzpfonf/ 1941-42 ckEpS f ukvm;&ckid t
    f "dukP;f umvwGif zsupf ;D jcif;
    cH& ,aeYwkdif jyefvnfwnfxm;ukd;uG,fjcif; r&SdEdkifao;acs/

    (11) 'kH;acsmifapwD
    apwDawmfrmS vuf0'J ufjyif&n
    S af us;&Gmtkypf k 'k;H acsmif&ckid &f mG a[mif; ajrmufbufwpfridk cf eft
    Y uGm
    raemfcsKdif'kdif;euf&Gmysuf ta&SUbufukduf 200 cefYtuGmwGif wnf&SdcJhonf/
    1941-42 ckESpf ukvm;&ckdift"dukPf;umvwGif zsufpD;jcif; cHcJh&onf/

    (12) jrpfem;apwDawmf
    apwDawmfrmS tif;acsmif;aus;&Gmtkypf k iusOaf wmufacsmif;0 apwDawmif &ckid &f mG a[mif;teD;wGif
    wnfxm;onf/ ,ckjrpfem;ukvm;&GmwGif wnf&Sdonf/ a&S;a[mif;apwDawmfwqljzpfNyD; 1941-42 ckESpfwGif
    ukvm;&ckdift"dukPf;umvwGif zsufpD;cHcJh&m ,aeYwkdif udk;uG,fjcif;rjyKEdkifao;ay/

    (13) rckdbapwD
    apwDawmfrSm xl;uJawmifNrdKUe,f OD;ausmf(c) ,mpnfaus;&GmwGif wnf&SdcJhonf/ c&pf 1843
    ckESpfcefYwGif if;&Gmae rckdbu wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJh rckdbapwD[k trnfwGifonf/ if;rSmolBuD;a[mif;
    OD;armifvaS usm\
    f tzk;d jzpfonf/ apwDawmfrmS ykx;dk ykjH zpfNy;D xkwo
    f rd (f 'k;H odr)f ESifh vuf&mwlonf/ apwDawmf
    ywfvnfrmS 15aytjrifh 15 awmif (22ay)&So
    d nf/ ta&SUbufudk rsuEf mS rl&m *laygufxm;&So
    d nf/ *l\tjrifrh mS
    6ay &SdNyD; txJwGif bk&m;wpfql&Sdonf/ tkwfcsyfrsm;rSm tvsm; 1ay teH6vufr xk 2vufrausmf&Sdonf/
    apwD\ta&SUbufwiG f odrw
    f pfcyk g0ifonf/ if;odro
    f rkww
    f idk rf sm;ukd ausmufovif;jzLESifh jyKvyk x
    f m;&Scd o
    hJ nf/
    apwDawmfESifh odrfawmfukd wNydKifeufwnf; wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhonf/
    1941-42 ckESpftwGif;u jzpfyGm;cJhaom ukvm;&ckdift"dukPf;umvwGif zsufpD;cHcJh&um ,aeYwkdif
    atmif jyefvnfudk;uG,fjcif; rjyKEkdifao;ay/
    (14) zwfr&yg/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    72

    aemufqufwGJ(p)
    &ckdifjynfe,f bkl; oD; awmifNrdKUe,f&Sd &[ef; ? omraPausmif;pm&if; tajcjyZ,m;(1994 ckESpf)/
    &yfuGuf^
    oCmOD;a&
    pOf
    *kP
    d ;f rSwfcsuf
    ausmif;trnf
    ausmif;xkdifbGJU
    aus;&Gmtkypf k
    &[ef; omraP
    1 vrf;r
    OD;uk@v
    trSwf(2)&ufuGuf
    3
    3
    ok"rm
    2 at;apwD
    OD;eEdom&
    trSwf(6)&ufuGuf
    8
    8
    /
    3 oajyukef;
    OD;awZ0E
    trSwf(4)&ufuGuf
    1
    3
    / teEbUJG &
    4 r*FvmNrdKUOD;
    OD;ykn
    trSw(f 4)&ufuGuf
    4
    6
    /
    5 ok"rmkH
    OD;0gom0
    trSwf(4)&ufuGuf
    2
    2
    /
    6 "rokc aygufyif&if; OD;cEdvuFm& trSwf(5)&ufuGuf
    2
    /
    7 jrpdrf;a&mif
    OD;p&d,0Ho
    trSwf(5)&ufuGuf
    3
    4
    /
    8 raem"r
    OD;ynmavmb trSwf(5)&ufuGuf
    1
    / ysHvGefNyD;
    9 pdEmr,s
    OD;aombP trSwf(5)&ufuGuf
    1
    a&Tusif
    10 &efatmifajr
    OD;aum@n trSwf(5)&ufuGuf
    1
    2
    ok"rm
    11 &Em&Dawm&
    OD;ar"a'0
    trSwf(1)&ufuGuf
    1
    10
    /
    12 jrawmif
    OD;Emp&d, uusbufuHjyif
    2
    2
    /
    13 txufbkduav;
    OD;eE0Ho
    b'um;
    1
    /
    14 *E;l
    OD;,o
    ausmif;awmif
    1
    /
    15 atmifom,m
    OD;omoe
    uRef;ayguf
    1
    /
    16 atmifaZ,s
    OD;*kP0Ho
    *kyd
    1
    /
    17 ZD;wkH
    OD;aumfovH
    ZD;wkH
    1
    /
    18 awmifBuD;&if;
    OD;"r"Z
    ZD;wkH
    1
    /
    19 yef;zJacsmif;ajrmuf OD;Omew&
    ye;fzaJ csmif;
    1
    /
    20 yef;zJacsmif;awmif OD;"romrd
    ye;fzaJ csmif;
    1
    /
    21 cwD;vS
    OD;0daZmbmv ye;fzaJ csmif;
    1
    2
    /
    22 ,if;raps;
    OD;"rom&
    i&efaY csmif;
    1
    /
    23 w&*l
    OD;aombdw
    w&*l
    1
    /
    24 yDG&f
    OD;t*0o
    H
    w&*l
    1
    /
    25 pmzwfr&yg
    26 0g;eufHk
    OD;0dZm&
    carmif;acsmif;
    1
    /
    27 ukvm;acgif;
    OD;0&omrd
    carmif;acsmif;
    1
    /
    28 b'em
    OD;oD&d"Zm
    b'em
    1
    /
    29 &Gmom,m
    OD;ynm0Ho
    b'em
    1
    /

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    73

    aemufqufwGJ(p)
    &ckdifjynfe,f bkl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&Sd &[ef;? omraPausmif;pm&if; tajcjyZ,m;(1994 ckESpf)/
    &yfuGuf^
    oCmOD;a&
    ausmif;trnf
    ausmif;xkdifbGJU
    pOf
    *kdPf; rSwfcsuf
    aus;&Gmtkyfpk
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    30 tif;acsmif;
    OD;0dok'
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    31 iusOfawmuf
    OD;ynm
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    1
    /
    rD;ausmif;acgif;qGJ
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    /
    32 rD;ausmif;acgif;qGJ OD;OmP
    33 avmif;acsmif;
    OD;okr*Fvm
    avmif;acsmif;
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    /
    34 qifpG,f&
    OD;0g,r
    avmif;acsmif;
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    OD;&mZdE
    ausmuffjzLawmif
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    2
    /
    35 wyfOD;
    36 oajyawm
    OD;aumvdZ
    vuf0J'ufjyif&Snf
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    /
    37 om,mukef;
    OD;0g,r
    vuf0J'ufjyif&Snf
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    /
    38 atmifr*Fvm
    OD;aombdw
    vuf0J'ufykZGefacsmif; 1
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    /
    2
    2
    /
    39 &Gmr
    OD;Emp&d, &Gmr
    40 jyif&Snf
    OD;ol&d,
    jyif&Snf
    4
    /
    41 pnfyifom,m
    &SifemPdu
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    42 uGef'dik f
    43 ydEBJ uD;
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    44 'kH;acsmif;
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    45 uif;acsmif;
    46 tmumysH
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    47 oydwfawmif
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    48 Mumkdjyif
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    49 kzHkdv
    50 o&ufjyif
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    51 'kH;odrf
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    52 rif;vSukdif;
    53 rif;ukdif;
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    54 EGm;kHawmif
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    pH*d;k axmif
    OD;Emp&d, pH*d;k axmif
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    55 pH*d;k awmif
    56 O,smOfom
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    57 apawDawmif
    OD;*Emom*& apwDawmif
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    58 odef;wef
    59 cGqkH
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    60 pyg;xm;
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    61 uGrf;awmif
    &Sifu0d"Z
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    62 apawmifausmif;a'gifOD;0dZ,
    apawmif
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    63 apawmiffopf
    OD;okre
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    64 uHjyif
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    /
    65 okdif;wykwf

    OD;0&eE

    okdif;wykwf

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    74

    aemufqufwGJ(p)
    &ckdifjynfe,f bkl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&Sd &[ef;? omraPausmif;pm&if; tajcjyZ,m;(1994 ckESpf)/
    &yfuGuf^
    oCmOD;a&
    pOf
    *kdPf; rSwfcsuf
    ausmif;trnf
    ausmif;xkid b
    f UJG
    aus;&Gmtkypf k
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    66 ausmuffjyifqdyf
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    67 ausmuffjyifqdyfawmaOD;oD&d0dZ,
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    68 iSufaysmacsmif;
    OD;eE
    *lwmjyif
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    69 ausmufpmwkdif
    OD;awZ
    *lwmjyif
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    70 OD;ausmf
    OD;Z0e
    OD;ausmf(c) ompnf
    1
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    71 zkHacsmif;
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    zkHacsmif;
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    /
    72 anmifacsmif;
    OD;ynmaZmw txufuRJBudKarmf
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    73 odefawmifjyif
    OD;aEmbmo odefawmifjyif
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    ok"rm
    74 Zif;cgrawmifarmf OD;okre
    N0dKuf;awmif
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    bEEbGJU&
    75 used af usmif;
    OD;ok0P
    'kjh yif&n
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    76 'kd;a0
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    77 ompnf
    OD;ok0P
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    78 rmefatmif
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    79 armifESr
    OD;aombP
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    80 armufawm
    OD;y@dw
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    81 twGif;jyif
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    82 ivSrf;jyif
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    pkpkaygif;
    110
    88

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    75
    aemufqufwGJ (q)

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f apwDykxkd;rsm;ESihf bk&m;rsm; tajcjypm&if;


    (u) apwDykxkd;awmfrsm;
    (1) atmifr*FvmapwDawmf
    atmifr*FvmapwDawmfonf bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f vuf0'J ufaus;&GmteD;&Sd odEa rCyAwawmifuek ;f
    ay: wnf&Sdonf/ bl;oD;awmif? armifawmum;vrf;\vuf,mbufwGif usa&mufonf/ apwDawmfukd
    &ckdif"n0wDjynfh&Sif ol&d,purif;BuD; bDpD (316-272)ESihf rdzk&m;BuD;kyD,mwkdYu omoemawmfou&mZf
    (222) ckESpf wefaqmifrkef;vjynhfausmf(1)&ufaeYwGif pwifwnfxm; ukd;uG,fcJhonf/ Ak'\Asm'dwfawmfvm
    ]]vuf0Jvufzefawmf"mwf}} udef;0yfpHyg,fawmfrl&m apwDawmfjrwfwpfql jzpfonf/
    &ckdifa0omvDjynhf&Sif ol&d,p`Em;rif;BuD;vufxuf OwrNzdK<uif; ou&mZf (249)ckESpfwGif wpfBudrf?
    ajrmufO;D NrKd Ubk&ifrif;zavmif;vufxuf aumZmou&mZf(954)ckEpS w
    f iG f wpfBurd f xyfrjH yKjyifco
    hJ nf/ NAw
    d o
    d Q
    acwfwGif bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fvuf0J'ufaus;&GmrS bk&m;'g,umBuD;OD;aumif;vmbu xyfrHjyKjyifcJhonf/
    'kw,
    d urmppfumvppfab;ppf'gPf? obm0&moDOwk'gPf;'rsm;aMumifh ysupf ;D cJ&h mrS jyKjyiforl &Sd jzpfco
    hJ nf/
    aumZmou&mZf(1350) jynfhfESpf wefaqmifrkef;vjynhf Ak'[l;aeYwGif bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f oHCm
    em,utzGJUOuXvrf;rq&mawmf OD;uk@vESihf twGif;a&;rSL; q&mawmf OD;eEdom&wkdYtm; trSL;xm;
    OD;atmifausmZf ?H OD;ausmv
    f OS ;D ESifh a*gyutzGUJ 0ifrsm; vkyo
    f m;jynforl sm;\ tvSLawmfxnf0h ifaiGjzihf topfwzef
    tkwfjrpfcs wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf/
    apwDawmfrSm qpfausmufrsm;jzihf jyefvnfwnfxm;jcif; jzpf\/ twkdif;twmrSm OmPfawmftjrifh
    (27)awmif? tcsif;(27)awmifESihf ywfvnf(81)awmif&Sdaom N*dKvfBuD;(8)vkH;yg0ifonfh (8)ajrmifhykHoPmef
    jzpfonf/ umvwefb;dk rSm (7)ode;f ausmf ukeu
    f sco
    hJ nf/ ajrmufO;D NrKd UrS yef;&Hq&mOD;ausmaf t;\ vuf&mrGeyf if
    jzpfonff/

    (2) xkwfodrf('kH;odrf)ykxdk;awmfBuD;
    xkwfodrf(ac:)'kH;odrfykxkd;awmfBuD;rSm bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f uif;awmifaus;&Gmtkyfpk? 'kH;odrf&GmwGif
    wnf&Sdonf/ ajrmufOD;NrdKUbk&ifrif;bmBuD; (at'D 1531-1553)u taemuftumtjzpf tpDtrHjzihf
    wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhonfqkd\/ rlvtrnfrSm xkwfodrf[l wGifcJhonf/ t&efapwDaygif; (12)qlyg&Sd\/
    xkad emuf wEAv
    fkd pf E0Zd ,
    d &mZm(at'D 1631-1634)u xyfrjH yKjyifrrG ;f rHco
    hJ nf/ wEAv
    dk f pE0Zd ,
    d &mZm
    \ i,femrnf]]'k;H k}d }ukd tpGjJ yK 'k;H odrt
    f jzpf ajymif;vJac:vmMuonf/ 1941-42 ckEpS t
    f wGi;f jzpfymG ;cJah om
    ukvm;&ckdift"dukPf;umvwGif ykxkd;awmfBuD; zsufqD;cHcJh&onf/ ykxkd;awmfBuD;ESihf t&efapwDi,frsm;?
    bk&m;qif;xkawmfrsm; ysupf ;D cJo
    h nf/ r[m&Hww
    H idk ;f Bu;D ESifh &ifjyifawmfrmS us,0f ef;vSojzifh odrt
    f jzpf orkwcf hJ
    aMumif;vnf; odomEkid o
    f nf/ r[m&Hww
    H idk ;f twGi;f wGif ysupf ;D jyefBY uaJ eaom bk&m;qif;xkawmf tusK;d tyJrh sm;?
    tEkynmyef;vuf&mrsm;? bDvl;kyf? Asmvftkyftydkif;tprsm;ukd 0rf;enf;aMuuGJbG,f&m awGUjrifEdkifayonf?
    c&pf(1990)jynfhESpf arv(10)&ufaeYu bl;oD;awmifNrdKU ppfAsL[mrSL;? r0wwkdYrS BuD;rSL;
    vkyfom;jynfolrsm;\ xnfh0ifvSL'gef;aiGjzihf jyefvnfrGrf;rHcJhonf/ ykxkd;awmfBuD;ESihf t&efapwDawmf(4)qlukd
    jyKjyifNyD; jzpfaomfvnf; t&efapwDawmf (8)qlESihfr[m&HwHwkdif;BuD;ukd jyKjyifrGrf;rH&efESihf jyefYBuJaeaom
    a&S;a[mif;ypnf;rsm;ukd pepfwus xddef;odrf;apmihfa&Smuf&ef vkdtyfvQuf&Sdygonf/

    (3) iSufaysmacsmif;apwDawmf
    apwDawmfonf bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f *l'gjyifaus;&Gmtkyfpk iSufaysmacsmif;aus;&GmteD; r,ljrpf\
    taemufbufurf; rveEplVyAwawmifukef;ay: wnf&Sdonf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    76

    &ckdif"n0wDjynfh&Sif ol&d,purif;BuD; (bDpD 316-272)ESifh rdzk&m;BuD; kyd,mwkdYu omoemawmf


    ou & mZf (222)ck E S p f wef a qmif r k e f ; vjynf h a usmf (1)&uf a eY w G i f pwif w nf x m;uk d ; uG , f c J h o nf /
    Ak'\Asm'dwfawmfvm]]cg;qpfawmf"mwf}}udef;0yfpHyg,fawmfrl&m apwDawmfjrwfwpfqljzpfonf/
    apwDawmfBu;D rSm ESpyf &dap'Mumanmif;vmonfEiS t
    fh rQ jyKjyifrnfo
    h u
    l if;rJ
    h ysupf ;D ,k,
    d iG ;f cJ&h onf/
    apwDawmfrS "mwfawmfrsm; uGejYf rL;awmufyonfudk rMumcPjrif&\/ aumZmou&mZf (1288)ckEpS 0f ef;usiu
    f
    iS u f a ysmacsmif ; aus;&G m ae OD ; armif x G D ; ES i h f a':ra&T k d w k d Y ZeD ; armif E S H u awmif , mck w f rD ; I d U pOf
    apwD\zdeyfawmfukd pwifawGU&SdcJhonf/ xkdYaemufif;wkdYZeD;armifESHu xyfrHwnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf/
    apwDawmf ]]1288 ckESpf waygif;vjynhfausmf(7)&ufaeY a':ra&Tkd aumif;rI}}[l urnf;a&;xkd;cJhaMumif;
    od&onf/ ,cktcg urnf;pmrSm ysufjy,foGm;NyDjzpf\/
    apwDawmfrmS xl;jcm;aom wefc;dk jym#d[m&Sad Mumif; od&\/ &ifjyifay:wGif rzG,rf &mjyKryl gu csucf si;f
    'kua&mufwwfonfqkd\/ ukvm;&ckdift"dukPf;umvwGif b*FvDrsm; rzsufqD;&Jaom wpfqlwnf;aom
    apwDawmfyifjzpfonf/ twkid ;f twmrSm OmPfawmf(27)awmif ywfvnf(54)awmif? tcsi;f (27)awmifcef&Y rdS nf
    [k cefrY eS ;f rdonf/ apwDawmfwnf&edS &m awmifajc\ ta&SUajrmufbufwiG f ausmuf*t
    l wGi;f ausmufqif;xk
    awmfwpfql &Sd\/ ,cktcg zsufqD;cH& OD;acgif;awmf vufawmfrsm; usKd;yJhvsuf&Sdaeonf/

    (4) okH;q,fhwpfbkHkyfpkHapwDawmf
    apwDawmfonf bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f pHukd;awmifaus;&Gmtkyfpk? pHukd;axmif&Gma[mif;wGif wnf&Sd
    onf/ aumZmou&mZf (1264)ckESpf ewfawmfvqef;(5)&ufaeYu OD;OD;ausmfckdifESihf a':vS0ef;wkdYrdom;pku
    pwiftkwfjrpfcs wnfxm;cJh&m (1268)ckESpfwGif tNyD;owfcJhaMumif; od&onf/
    apwDawmf\atmufyp,t
    H jrif(h 150)ay? ywfvnf(1500)ay&So
    d nf/ t&efapwDawmfaygif; (100)ql?
    N*Kd [w
    f idk &f pS cf ?k pwkr[m&mZfewfrif;Bu;D av;yg;? *layguf(700)yg&So
    d nf/ *laygufwpfcpk D yd#uwf ausmufpmcsyf
    (3) csyfpDjzihf tcsyfa&aygif; (2100)yg&SdcJhonf/ apwDawmfrSm &SpfajrmihfykHoPmefjzpf ZmwfBuD;(10)bGJUukd
    kyfvkH;kyf<ursm;jzihf xkvkyfxm;&SdcJhonf/ umvwefbkd; aiGav;odef;&Spfaomif;cefY ukefuscJhaMumif; od&onf/
    ukvm;&ckid t
    f "dukP;f umvu apwDawmfrmS zsupf ;D cHc&hJ ojzihf topfrrG ;f rHjyKjyif&ef vkt
    d yfaeNyjD zpf\/

    (5) r*FvmOD;apwDawmf
    apwDawmfonf bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f? usnaf wmufausmv
    f rf;vuf,mzufawmifajcteD;wGif wnf&dS
    onf/ &ckdfif"n0wDjynhf&Sif ol&d,purif;BuD; (bDpD 316-272)ESihf rdzk&m;BuD; llyD,mwkdYu omoemou&mZf
    (222)ckEpS w
    f iG f pwifwnfxm;uk;d uG,cf o
    hJ nf/ Ak'\
    Asm'dwaf wmfvm 'l;qpfawmf(ckcH siaf wmf)"mwfued ;f 0yfpyH g,f
    awmfrl&mapwDawmfjrwfwpfqljzpfonf/
    ukvm;&ckdift"dukPf;umvwGif tzsufqD;cHcJh&NyD; jyKjyifolr&SdbJ &SdaecJh\/
    aumZmou&mZf (1354)ckESpf wefcl;vjynhfausmf(5)&uf (c&pf1992 ckESpf {NyDv(22)&uf)aeYwGif
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f oHCem,utzGUJ ? wyf&if;wyfe,fro
    d m;pkrsm;? vkyo
    f m;jynforl sm;\ xnf0h ifvLS 'gef;aiGjzihf
    topfwzefwnfxm;uk;d uG,cf MhJ ujcif; jzpfonf/ apwDawmftwkid ;f twmrSm tcsi;f (18)awmif? OmPfawmftjrifh
    (18)awmif? t0kdif;ywfvnf(54)awmif&Sdonf/

    (6) r*Fvmxlyg&mrapwDawmf
    r*Fvmxlyg&mrapwDawmfrmS bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f eef;&muke;f aus;&Gmtkypf k oHajc&GmwGif wnf&o
    dS nf/
    a&S;a[mif;orkid ;f 0ifapwDwpfqjl zpfNy;DF 'kw,
    d urmppfumv ukvm;&ckid t
    f "dukP;f wGif tzsuq
    f ;D cHc&hJ onf/
    c&pf 1992 ckESpf arv(14)&ufaeYu bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f oHCmem,utzGJUOuX OD;atmifpkd;?
    a*gyutzGJU0ifrsm;? vkyfom;jynfolrsm;\ xnfh0ifvSL'gef;aiGjzihf jyefvnfwnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    77

    apwDawmf\twkdif;twmrSm OmPfawmftjrifh (18)awmif? tcsif;(18)awmif? ywfvnf(54)awmif


    &Sd\/

    (7) atmifod'dapwDawmf
    atmifod'dapwDawmfrSm bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f NydKif;awmifaus;&Gmtkyfpk Zif;cgr awmifarmf wnf&Sd
    onf/ qpfausmufrsm;jzihf wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhMuaom a&S;a[mif;orkdif;0if apwDawmfwpfqlyif jzpfonf/
    1941-42 ckESpf ukvm;&ckdift"dukPf;umvwGif tzsufqD;cHcJh&onf/ aumZmou&mZf (1353)ckESpfwGif
    bl ; oD ; awmif N rd K Ue,f oH C mem,utzG J U rS BuD ; rS L ;vQuf a*gyutzG J U ? Nrd K Uol N rd K Uom;rsm;?
    vkyfom;jynfolrsm;\xnfh0if vSL'gef;aiGjzihf topfxyfrHwnfxm;cJh\/ tkwfapwDawmfjzpfonf/

    (8) oajyawmapwDawmf
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd U taemufbuf oajyawm&GmteD;wGif wnf&o
    dS nf/ a&S;a[mif;apwDawmfwpfqjl zpf
    (1941-42)ckESpftwGif;u jzpfyGm;cJhaom ukvm;&ckdift"dukPf;umvu zsufpD;cHcJh&onf/
    c&pf(1991)ckEpS f {Nyv
    D (27)&ufaeYwiG f bl;oD;D awmifNrKd Ue,f oHCmem,utzGUJ rS Bu;D rSL; NrKd Ue,fNirdf 0f yf
    ydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGUJ OuX OD;atmifp;dk ? a*gyutzGUJ 0ifrsm;? e,foel ,fom;rsm;\tvSLawmfxnf0h ifaiGjzihf
    jyefvnfwnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhonf/
    apwDawmf\twkid ;f twmrSm OmPfawmftcsi;f (9)awmif? tjrif(h 9)awmif? (yef;wifcxkrH yg)? ywfvnf
    (27)awmif&Sdonf/

    (9) aZ,so*apwDawmf
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f uRef;aygufaus;&Gmtkyfpk? <uD;acsmif;&GmteD; awmifukef;ay: wnf&Sdonf/
    &ckdifa0omvDjynfh&Sif oD&dp`Em;rif; (at'D 590-667)\om;awmf o*Fp`Em;rif;om; tdrfa&SUrif;om;b0u
    ol&wefjynfoYdk ppfcs&D ef toGm;wGif atmiferd w
    d af pwDtjzpf wnfxm;uk;d uG,cf o
    hJ nf/ rlvu EGm;vm;Ob
    warmht&G,f&SdcJhonfqkd\/]]aZ,so*apwDawmf}}[l trnfwGifcJh\/
    ajrmufOD;bk&ifrif;bmBuD;(at'D 1531-1553)vufxufwGif taemufb*Fg(12)NrdKUokdY ppfcsDwufpOf
    atmifedrdwfapwDtjzpf jyefvnfrGrf;rHcJhonf/ xkdaemuf c&pf(1824)ckESpfwGif jrefrmbk&if\ ppfolBuD; r[m
    AEKvu yif;0gokdY ppfcsD&eftoGm; ]]atmifedrdwf}}apwDawmfukd xyfrHrGrf;rHcJh\/ 1941-42 ckESpf ukvm;&cdkdif
    t"dukP;f umvu tzsuq
    f ;D cHc&hJ onf/ 1950 ckEpS w
    f iG f rl*sm[pfaomif;use;f olrsem;uvnf; zsupf ;D cJjh yef\/
    c&pf 1991 ckEpS f rwfvtwGi;f u <u;D acsmif;q&mawmf OD;ar'a'0u ODaqmif e,foel ,fom;wk\
    Yd
    tvSLawmfaiGjzihf xyfrw
    H nfxm;uk;d uG,cf MhJ u\/ apwDawmftwkid ;f twmrSm OmPfawmftjrifh (9)awmif tcsi;f
    (9)awmif? ywfvnf(27)awmif&SdNyD; xD;awmfrwif&ao;acs/

    (10) oydwfawmifapwDawmf
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f oydwaf wmif&mG teD; awmifuek ;f ay: wnf&o
    dS nf/ xkad wmifuek ;f ay:wGif rlvu
    a&S;a[mif;apwDawmfEpS q
    f &l cdS o
    hJ nf[k od&onf/ if;apwDawmfrsm;tm; 1941-42 ckEpS f ukvm;&ckid f t"dukP;f
    umvwGif b*FvDrsm;\ zsufqD;rIcHcJh&onf/
    c&pf(1972)ckEpS w
    f iG f bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f ygwD,el pfOuX Akv
    d Bf u;D baxG; OD;aqmif apwDawmfEpS q
    f l
    teuf wpfqlukd jyefvnfwnfxm;ukd;uG,fEkdifcJh\/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    78

    (11) uRef;aygufapwDawmf
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f uRe;f aygufaus;&Gmtkypf ?k yJveG ;f &Gm wnf&o
    dS nf/ aumZmou&mZf (1317)ckEpS f
    waygif;vqef;(5)&ufaeYu yJvGef;q&mawmf OD;cED? a*gyu OD;armifaomif;? OD;xGef;om? OD;atmifausmfZHwkdY
    wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf/ apwDawmf\ twkdif;twmrSm OmPfawmftjrifh(13)awmif? tcsif;(10)awmif?
    ywfvnf(30)awmif&Sdonf/
    zwf r &yg

    (13) atmifod'dapwDawmf
    apwDawmfrSm bl;oD;awmifNrdKU? trSwf(2)&yfuGuf? vrf;rbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;\ taemufbuf
    awmifukef;ay:wGif wnf&Sdonf/ aumZmou&mZf(1397) ckESpf uqkefvwGif vrf;rq&mawmf OD;uk@vrS
    BuD;rSL; yEufcswnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJh&m (1328)ckESpfwgif xD;awmfwifcJhonf/ xD;awmf\twkdif;twmrSm
    OmPfawmftjrihf (15)awmif? tcsif;(15)awmif? ywfvnf(45)awmif&Sdonf/

    (14) wyfOD;ukd;e0if;apwDawmf
    apwDawmfrmS bl;oD;awmifNrKd U? trSw(f 18)axmufvrS ;f a&;wyft
    f eD; awmifuek ;f ay: wnf&o
    dS nf/
    NrdKUe,foHCem,utzGJUrS BuD;rSL; trSwf(18)axmufvSrf;a&;wyfrSL;? wyf&if;? wyfzGJUrdom;pkrm;u
    pkaygif;vSL'gef;aiGjzihf aumZmou&mZf (1350)ckESpfwGif wnfxm;ukd;uG,fonf/ apwDawmftwkdif;twmrSm
    OmPfawmf(12)awmif? tcsif;(12)awmif? ywfvnf(36)awmif&Sdonf/

    (15) &efatmifaZ,s"rokcapwDawmf
    apwDawmfrmS bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f *kyaD us;&Gmtkypf ?k atmifaZ,saus;&GmwGif wnf&o
    dS nf/ aumZm
    ou&mZf (1354)ckEw
    S pf wykw
    d v
    JG qef;(3)&ufaeYu atmifaZ,saus;&Gmq&mawmf OD;*kP0HoBu;D rSL; aus;&Gm
    ol aus;&Gmom;rsm; pkaygif;vSL'gef;aiGjzihf wnfxm;uk;d uG,cf MhJ uonf/ apwDawmf\twkid ;f twmrSm OmPfawmf
    tjrifh (9)awmif? tcsif;(9)awmif&Sdonf/ zwffr&yg/

    (16) av;rsufESmapwDawmf
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKU? NrdKUrapwDawmifaus;&GmteD; awmifukef;ay: wnf&Sdonf/ c&pfou&mZf
    (1992)ckESpf Ekd0ifbmv(7)&ufaeYwGif NrdKUe,foHCmem,utzGJUrS BuD;rSL; ppfAsL[mrSL; a*gyutzGJUOuX
    OD;OD;xGef;pdef? a*gyutzGJU0ifrsm;? vkyfom;jynfolrsm;\xnfh0ifvSL'gef;aiGjzihf wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhonf/
    apwDawmf\twkdif;twmrSsm OmPfawmftjrifh (27)awmif? tcsif;(17)awmif? apwDawmft0kdif;ywfvnf
    (68)awmif&Sdonf/ av;rsufESmykHoPmefjzpf\/

    (17) &wematmifod'dapwDawmf
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUtrSwf(352)ajcjrefwyf&if;teD;wGif wnf&Sdonf/ aumZmou&mZf (1354) ckESpf
    e,kev
    f qef;(7)&uf Mumoyaw;aeYwiG f NrKd Ue,foC
    H mem,utzGUJ rS Bu;D rSL; wyf&if;rSL;? wyf&if;wyfzUJG rdom;pk
    rsm;\xnf0h ifvLS 'gef;aiGjzihf wnfxm;uk;d uG,cf o
    hJ nf/ apwDawmftwkid ;f twmrSm OmPfawmftjrif(h 12)awmif?

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    79

    tcsif;(12)awmif ywfvnf(36)awmif&Sdonf/

    (18) &efatmifajr"rpBuFmapwDawmf
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKU uHBuD;jyifaus;&GmteD;awmifukef;ay:wGif wnf&Sdonf/ aumZmou&mZf (1338)
    ckEpS f wyk;d wGv
    J jynh?f t*FgaeYwiG f urmo
    h moemjyKq&mawmf OD;uEm p&du Bu;D rSL; a*gyutzGUJ 0ifrsm;? e,fol
    e,fom;rsm;\tvSLawmfaiGjzihf wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhonf/ apwDawmf\twkdif;twmrSm OmPfawmftjrifh
    (16)ay? zdeyfawmfrS yef;wifckHtxdtus,f(8)ay? yef;wifckHywfvnftem; (94)ay? yef;wifckHtjrifh (3)ay?
    (1)vufr? &ifjyiftus,f(6)ay? ywfvnftem;(132)ay&Sdonf/ apwDawmf N*dK[fBuD;(8)vkH;? uukoH?
    a*gP*kPf? uy? a*gwr? bk&m;av;qlyg&Sd\/ bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f EGm;kHawmifaus;&GmrS yef;&Hq&mBuD;
    OD;qk;d xGe;f (uG,v
    f eG )f u wnfaqmufjcif;jzpfonf/ umvwefb;dk aiGusy(f 2)ode;f eD;yg;ukeu
    f sum vkycf (6)aomif;
    usyaf y;&\/ bl;oD;awmifNrKd UtrSw(f 6)rS a&Tyef;xdrq
    f &mBu;D OD;OD;ausmo
    f mu xde;f odr;f apmihaf &Smufvsu&f o
    dS nf/

    (19) &efatmifjrifapwDawmf
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUtrSwf (263)ajcvsifwyf&if;twGif; wnf&Sdonf/ aumZmou&mZf(1354)ckESpf
    ewfawmfvqef;(15)&ufaeYu NrdKUe,foHCmom,utzGJUrSBuD;rSL; wyf&if;rSL; 'kwd,AkdvfrSL;BuD;oef;jrifh
    wyf&if; wyfzUJG rdom;pkrsm; yg0ifvLS 'gef;aiGjzihf wnfxm;uk;d uG,cf o
    hJ nf/ apwDawmf\twkid ;f twmrSm OmPfawmf
    tjrifh (12)ay? tcsif;(12)ay? ywfvnf(36)ay&Sdonf/

    (20) jrwfapwDawmf
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUtrSwf(345) ajcjrefwyf&if;teD;wGif wnf&Sdonf/ aumZmou&mZf (1354)ckESpf
    jymokdvqef;(11)&ufaeYu NrdKUe,foHCmem,utzGJUrS BuD;rSL; wyf&if;rSL; 'kwd,AkdvfrSL;BuD; wifarmif0if;
    wyf&if;wyfzGJUrdom;pkrsm; wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhonf/ apwDawmftwkdif;twmrSm OmPfawmftjrifh (12)awmif?
    tcsif;(12)awmif? ywfvnf(36)awmif&Sdonf/

    (21) jrawmifapwDawmf
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKU? NrdKUrapwDawmifaus;&Gm? jrawmifausmif;wkduf\awmifbuf awmifukef;ay:wGif
    wnf&Sdonf/ aumZmou&mZf (1315)ckESpfu jrawmifq&mawmfBuD; OD;ukEmp&d,0HotrSL;jyK vkyfom;
    jynfolrsm;\ xnfh0ifvSL'gef;aiGjzihf wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhonf/
    apwDawmf\twkdif;twmrSm OmPfawmftjrifh (17)awmif? tcsif;(-)awmif? ywfvnf(-) awmif
    &Sdonf/ apwDawmfukd ]]jrapwD}}[l trnfwGif\/ yef;&Hq&mBuD;rSm a':at;jrOD; bcif OD;pdefomxGef;u
    wnfaqmufay;cJhonf/

    (22) jrawmifausmif;wkduf omoemausmufwkdif


    omoeausmufwkdifukd aumZmou&mZf (1331)ckESpfu jrawmifq&mawmfBuD; OD;Emp&d,0Ho
    Bu;FD rSL; pku
    d x
    f ;l jcif;jzpfonf/ tjrif(h 52)ay&SNd y;D ajr0ifteuf(3)awmif&o
    dS nf/ xkad usmufwidk w
    f iG f t&efapwD
    (4)qlSESihf bk&m;&Spfqlyg0ifonf. t0kdif;(37)awmif&Sdonf/ yef;tkd;av;vkH;ESihf ewfrif;BuD;av;yg;yg0ifonf/
    ewfwkdYvufwGif rD;uGif;rsm;ukdifaqmifxm;\/
    (37)awmiftwkid ;f twmrSm aAmwdyum,w&m;(37)yg; apwDav;qlrmS opmav;yg;? bk&m;&Spq
    f rl mS
    r*i&f pS yf g;? yef;tk;d av;vk;H rSm yGiahf wmfrNl y;D aom uukoef? a*gP*kP?f uy? a*gwrwnf;[laom bk&m;(4)yg;?
    ausmif;wkdifrSm yGihf&efusefao;aom t&darw,sbk&m;? ewfrif;BuD;av;yg;rSm pwkr[m&mZfewfrif;av;yg;?
    vufx&J rdS ;D uGi;f rsm;rSm ewfwv
    Ydk ufeuf ]]rD;uGi;f puf}}[laomt"dyg ,frsm;jzihf wnfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ &cdidk t
    f vkd

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    80

    omoemou&mZf(2500)jynhf txdr;f trSwt


    f jzpf jrawmifq&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D u tdyrf uft& wnfxm;cJjh cif;
    jzpfonf/

    (23) oajyukef;apwDawmf
    bl;oDawmifNrdKU trSwf(4)&yfuGuf oajyukef;ausmif;0if;twGif; wnf&Sdonf/ aumZmou&mZf
    (1329)ckESpfu vrf;rausmif;q&mawmf OD;uk@vu BuD;rSL; vkyfom;jynfolrsm;\ xnfh0ifvSL'gef;aiGjzihf
    wnfxm;uk;d uG,cf jhJ cif;jzpfonf/ &rf;NANJ rKd Ue,f? av;awmifwu
    dk ef ,f o&ufcsK&d mG rS yef;&Hq&mBu;D OD;armifausmEf k
    u wnfaqmufay;cJhonf/
    apwDawmf\twkid ;f twmrSm OmPfawmftjrifh (24)awmif? tcsi;f (24)awmif? ywfvnf(72)awmif&dS
    onf/

    (24) uGrf;awmifapwDawmf
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f pyg;xm;aus;&Gmtkyfpk? uGrf;awmifaus;&Gm wnf&Sdonf/ apwDawmfwnfxm;
    ukd;uG,fcJhonfh ckESpftwkdif;twmukokdvf&Siftrnfukd vufvSref;rrSD razmfjyEdkifyg/

    (25) apwDawmifapwDawmf
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f apwDawmifaus;&Gmtkypf ?k apwDawmifaus;&GmwGif wnf&o
    dS nf/ c&pf(1985)ckEpS f
    u apwDawmifq&mawmf OD;aomydw(ysv
    H eG )f u Bu;D rSL; &Gmol&mG om;rsm;\tvSLawmfaiGjzihf wnfxm;uk;d uG,f
    cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ twkdif;twmrSm OmPfawmftjrifh (12)awmif? ywfvnf(36)awmifcefY &SdaMumif;od&onf/
    apwDawmf\ MumvSef? MumarSmufrsm;wGif zefouFef;uyfvSLxm;aMumif; od&onf/

    (26) pufac:apwD
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f uRJ idk ;f cwftyk pf ?k pufac:&Gm wnf&o
    dS nf/ apwDawmfwnfxm;uk;d uG,o
    f nfch Ek pS f
    twkdif;twmukokdvf&Siftrnfukd vufvSrf;rrSD razmfjyEdkifyg/

    (27) NydKif;awmif&GmapwDrsm;
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f NyKd i;f awmifaus;&Gmtkypf k NyKd i;f awmif&mG wGif a&S;a[mif;apwD(3)ql&adS Mumif; od&\/
    okdY&mwGif apwDqkdif&mtcsuftvufrsm;ukd vufvSrf;rrSD razmfjyEkdifyg/

    (28) av;rsufESmnDaemifapwD (oAokc&SpfrsufESm nDaemifapwD)


    bl;oD;awmifNrKd U NrKd UrapwDawmif aus;&GmteD;&Sd av;rsuEf mS apwDawmf\ ta&SUajrmufbufwiG f wnf&dS
    onf/ NAdwdoQacwfu &ckdifolaX;rsm;jzpfMuaom armifjzLESihf armifeDnDtpfukdfu wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf/
    armifjzL&Gm? armife&D mG qko
    d nfrmS if;wkn
    Yd t
    D pfuu
    dk dk tpGjJ yKac:jcif;jzpfonf/ ,cktcg armife&D mG b*Fvv
    D rl sK;d
    rsm; aexkdifvsuf&SdMuonf/
    apwDawmfESpfqlrSm ukvm;&ckdift"dukPf;umvwGif zsufqD;cHcJh&onf/ 1354 ckESpf e,kefvqef;
    (2)&ufaeYu oufqidk &f mwkrYd S apwDawmfae&mrsm;ukd wl;azmfMunhf &I m awmifbufraS pwDrsS m ywfvnf(51)ay
    (6)vufr? tcsif;(15)ay (6)vufr&SdNyD;? atmufajcywfvnf tkwfxkrSm (3)ay&Sdonf/ Xmyemypnf;tjzpf
    cJbk&m;(22)ql? aiGvufpGyf(1)uGif;&&Sdonf/ ajrmufbufapwDrS XmyemwGif bk&m;(24)yg;awGU&onf/
    apwDESpfqltuGmta0;rSm (5)ay (6)vufr&Sdonf/ tkwfwpfcsyfvQif tvQm;(13)vufr? teH(6)vufrcGJ?
    xl(2)vufr&So
    d nf/ Xmyemwku
    d Ef pS cf pk vk;H rSm ykpH w
    H yl ifjzpf\/ apwDEpS q
    f u
    l dk rlvu armifjzL? armifeaD pwD[
    l
    trnfwGifcJhonf/

    81

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    c&pf(1994)ckEpS ?f Ek0d ifbmv(13)&ufaeYu bl;oD;awmifNrKd U trSw(f 1)tajccsppfAsL[mrSL;? Akv


    d rf LS ;Bu?D ;
    0if;pdef? oufqkdif&mc0w r0wESihf Xmeqkdif&mrsm;? a*gyutzGJU0ifrsm;u topfxyfrHtkwfjrpfcscJhonf/
    ppfAsL[mrSL;ESihf wyfe,frdom;pkrsm;u apwDwpfql c0w? r0wrdom;pkrsm;u apwDwpfql? wnfxm;&ef
    pDpOfvsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/ apwDawmftrnfrsm;ukd oAokc&SpfrsufESmnDaemifapwDawmfrsm;[ktrnfay;
    xm;onf/

    (c) bk&m;qif;xkawmfrsm;
    (1) aZ,smrkedbk&m;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKU? trSwf(1)&yfuGuf&Sd *Em&Dawm&ausmif;teD; awmifukef;ay: wnf&Sdonf/
    &ckid af jrmufO;D bk&if rif;ygBu;D (at'D 1535-1553)vufxufu wnfxm;uk;d uG,cf ahJ om a&S;a[mif;bk&m;wpfql
    jzpfonf/ rlvu ajrmufO;D NrKd U abmif;'Gwaf us;&GmteD;wGif ude;f 0yfpyH g,fawmfrcl
    hJ ESpyf &dap'Mumanmif;vm
    onfESihftrQ jyKjyifxdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smufol uif;rJhcJh&onf/
    zwf r &yg/

    (2) r*FvmNrdKUOD;ausmif;bk&m;
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd U trSw(f )&yfuu
    G f r*FvmNrKd UOD;ausmif;0if;twGi;f awmifuek ;f jrihihf ,fay:wGif wnf&dS
    onf/ c&pf 1993 ckESpf ZGefv(28)&ufaeYu bl;oDawmifNrdKU trSwf(6)&yfuGufae a&Tyef;xdrfq&mBuD;
    OD;OD;ausmo
    f mESifh ZeD;a':omckid f rdom;pku wnfxm;uk;d uG,cf jhJ cif;jzpfonf/ aAm"dyifEiS hf a&Tyviu
    f dk atmifawmf
    rlcef;jzpf\/ qif;xkawmfrmS OmPfawmftjrifh (5)ay? yvit
    f jrifh (34)vufr &So
    d nf/ yef;ykq&mBu;D OD;oufu
    ausmufukd xGif;xkjcif;jzpfonf/ umvwefbkd;tm;jzihf okH;aomif;ig;axmifukefusNyD; xkvkyfc aiGwpfaomif;
    ESpfaxmif usyfay;&onf/

    (3) vrf;rausmif;a&Tomavsmif;bk&m;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKU trSwf(2)&yfuGuf vrf;ausmif;0if;twGif; odrfawmfwnf&Sdonf/ aumZm 1295
    ckESpfu vrf;rausmif;q&mawmf OD;Owru wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1941-42 ckESpf ukvm;&ckdift"d
    ukP;f umvu zsuq
    f ;D cHc&hJ \/ xkaYd emufaumZm 1320 ckEpS 0f ef;usiu
    f xyfrrH rG ;f rHco
    hJ nf/ yef;&Hq&mBu;D rSm
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKU trSwf(6)&yfuGufrS OD;pdefomxGef;jzpfonf/ OmPfawmfrS ajcz0g;awmfxd (20)ay&Sdonf/

    (4) jrawmifausmif;wkduf uyfausmfbk&m;BuD;


    bl;oDawmifNrKd Ue,f NrKd UrapwDawmifaus;&Gm wnf&o
    dS nf/ aumZm 1318 ckEpS f wefaqmifrek ;f vjynhf
    ausmf(9)&ufaeYwGif jrawmifausmif;wkdufq&mawmf OD;Emp&d,0Hou BuD;rSL; wnfxm;ukd;uG,fjcif;
    jzpfonf/ twkdif;twmrSm OmPfawmf (6)awmif? (1)rkwf? yviftjrifh (2)awmif&Sdonf/
    bk&m;y&0kPf&Sd kyfvkH;kyf<ursm;rSm 0d'l&trwfu ykPubDvl;ukd w&m;a[mcef;jzpfonf/

    (5) oajyukef;apwDawmifukef;ay:&Sdbk&m;
    bk&m;rSm bl;oD;awmifNrKd U trSw(f 4)&yfuu
    G f oajyuke;f apwDawmifuek ;f ay: wnf&o
    dS nf/ aumZm
    1355 ckESpf oDwif;uRwfvjynhfausmf (7)&ufaeYu bl;oD;awmifNrdKU trSwf(6)&yfuGufae OD;apmvSjzL 'k&Jtkyf
    (pcef;rSL; tNidrf;pm;)(uG,fvGef)ESihfZeD; a':MumZHvS? &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;u pkaygif;wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhMuonf/
    ykaH wmfrmS ZrLywdrif;cRwcf ef;jzpf\/ OmPfawmftjrif(h 3)awmifwpfxmG ? yvit
    f jrifh (3)aycG&J \
    dS / yef;&Hq&mrSm

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    82

    &aohawmifNrdKUe,f apwDjyif&Gmom; OD;xGef;pdef jzpfonf/

    (6) ,if;rbk&m;
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f ,if;raps; bke;f awmfBu;D ausmif;wGif wnf&o
    dS nf/ aumZm 1356 ckEpS f e,kev
    f wGif
    vrf;rq&mawmf OD;uk@uBu;D rSL; &Gmol&mG rsm;\tvSLawmfaiGjzihf wnf;xm;uk;d uG,cf o
    hJ nf/ twkid ;f twmrSm
    OmPfawmf(3)awmif yvif(2)awmif&Sdonf/ t*FawoGef;qif;xkawmfjzpfNyD; yef;ykq&m OD;oufvSu
    wnfaqmufay;cJhonf/

    (7) av;rsufESmbk&m;
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd U? NrKd UrapwDawmif&mG &Sd av;rsuEf mS apwDawmfteD; "rmkH wnf&o
    dS nf/ aumZm 1356
    ckESpf e,kefvjynhfaeYu vrf;rq&mawmf OD;uk@vu BuD;rSL; wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhonf/ yO0*D(5)OD;tm;
    w&m;a[maeykHjzpfonf/
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    (8) at;apwDausmif;&Sdbk&m;
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    85
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    H ;Hk &Sd tcsKyo
    f Bl u;D ? ckid rf if;rsm;tm;
    bk&ihfeef;pkduf&mokdY tpnf;ta0;ac:,l&onf/ (jynfpkd;BuDf;rSm pyg;vkyfief;ESihf ywfouforQ udpt00ukd
    aqmif&Guf&ef tmPmukefvTJtyfjcif;cH&olvnf; jzpfonf)
    ,if;tpnf;ta0;wGif ukefonfwkdYu wpfESpftwGif; pyg;txGufEIef;? ukefusp&dwf? ,cifESpfrsm;u
    aps;EIe;f rsm;ukd tajccHaqG;aEG;Ed idI ;f wkid yf ifMuonf/ xkaYd emuf urmah ps;uGut
    f ajctaet& pyg;apsEeI ;f rsm;
    ukd csifhcsdefNyD; pyg;aps;EIef;rsm;ukd trsm;oabmwl tpnf;ta0;rS qkH;jzwfMuonf/
    tqkdygtpnf;ta0;rS twnfjyKqkH;jzwfay;vkdufonfh pyg;aps;EIef;ukd jynfpkd;BuD;u EkdifiHw0Srf;vkH;odkY
    aMujim&onf? jynfwGif;pyg;aps;EIef;ukdrl ESpfpOfESpfwkdif;yif ykHaoowfrSwfxm;aMumif; od&onf/
    txufazmfjyyg &ckid b
    f &k ifrsm;acwf ajr,mpepf? ajrcGepf epf? pyg;pm&if;aumuf,jl cif;? a&mif;0,fjcif;
    pepfrsm;rSm vuf&Sdwkd;wufaeaom wkdif;jynfrsm;wGif usihfokH;aeonfh pepfuJhodkYyif jzpfaMumif; awGUEdkif\/
    odpYk epfwus aqmif&u
    G Ef idk rf aI Mumifv
    h nf; Ekid if jH cm;wkid ;f jynfrsm;ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,f&mwGif tqifajyqufqH
    EkdifcJhjcif; jzpfaponf/

    (c) jrefrmhbk&ifrsm;acwf
    c&pf(1784)ckESpfta&mufwGif tr&yl&jynhf&Sif bkd;awmfbk&m;u &ckdifjynfukd wkdufckdufodrf;,l\/
    xkaYd emufNrKd U0eftyk cf sKyaf &;acwf pwifc\
    hJ / xku
    d mvtwGi;f jynfwiG ;f rNird rf oufr?I qlyrl w
    I aYdk Mumifh &ckid jf ynfe,f
    rS vltrsm;onf t*Fvdyfta&SUtdEd,ukrPDpkd;rkd;vsuf&Sd&m taemufjynfodkY xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifMuonf/
    vlae&yf&mG rsm; tajcysuu
    f m v,fajrrsm; awmjzpfc&hJ onf/ v,fvyk o
    f rl &Sjd zpfco
    hJ nf/ NrKd U0eftyk cf sKyaf &;umvrS
    c&pf(1784)rS (1824)ckESpfxd ESpfaygif;(40)Mumanmif;cJhacs\/

    (*) ukdvkdeDacwfajr,mpepf
    NAw
    d o
    d Qtpk;d &onf c&pf(1824)ckEpS f rwfv(5)&ufaeYwiG f jrefrmbk&iftpk;d &tm; ppfaMunmNy;D &ckid Ef iS fh
    weoFm&Dukd pwifwkdufckdufav\/ (1824)ckESpf azazmf0g&Dv(24)&ufaeYwGif NAdwdoQESihfjrefrmbk&iftpkd;&wkdY
    csKyq
    f adk om &wEypdk mcsKyt
    f & &ckid Ef iS fh weoFm&DrmS NAw
    d o
    d Qtpk;d &vufatmufoYkd usa&mufc&hJ \/ bl;oD;awmif
    NrKd Ue,fonf ta&SUtdE,
    d ukrP
    ED iS fh eD;uyfaomaMumihf apmpD;pGmyif NAw
    d o
    d Qw\
    dYk odr;f yku
    d jf cif;cHc&hJ onf/ &ckid f
    jynfe,fukd NAdwdoQwkdYodrf;,lvkdufaomtcg tkyfcsKyf&onfhp&dwf umrdap&efESihf if;wkdY\tusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    89

    tcGeftaumufrsm;pGm &&Sdap&ef v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;vkyfief;ukd wkd;csJUvkyfukdifapcJhonf/


    awmifov
    l ,form;rsm;tm; ajrvGwaf jrkid ;f rsm;ukd wk;d csUJ vkyu
    f idk v
    f map&ef (1839)ckEpS f &ckid jf ynf*&H
    Bu;D (&ckid t
    f ac:jyKp)k enf;Oya'wpf&yfudk xkwjf yefc\
    hJ / *&HBu;D enf;Oya'rSm NAw
    d o
    d QwYdk yxrqk;H jyXmef;cJo
    h nfh
    *&HBu;D enf;Oya'yifjzpfonf/ azmfjyyg*&HBu;D enf;Oya't& csrw
    S x
    f m;onfh e,fajrtajrmuftrsm;ay:ayguf
    cJo
    h nf/ NAw
    d o
    d Qtpk;d &onf rdrEd iS o
    fh ifjh rwforl sm;vnf;aumif; trIxrf;aumif;ojzihf qktjzpf ay;tyfjcif;jzihf
    vnf;aumif; *&HBuD;rsm;xkwfay;cJhMuonf/
    *&H&,lonfhajrrsm;rSm rlvu ajrvGwfajrkdif;rsm;omjzpfonf/ *&H&&Sdolrsm;u awmrsm;ukd ckwfxGif
    &Si;f vif;Ny;D pku
    d yf sK;d Ekid o
    f nfh ajrrsm;jzpfvmap&ef jyKpyk sK;d axmifvm&jcif;aMumihf ,if;*&Hajrrsm;ukd jyKp[
    k k ac:a0:
    ok;H pGMJ ujcif;jzpfonf/ jyKpt
    k m;Bu;D Muyftyk cf sKyo
    f u
    l dk jyKpak cgif;[k ac:onf/ jyKpak cgif;rSm jyKpyk idk &f iS \
    f trIxrf;jzpf
    NyD; jyKpkwGif aexkdifvsufjyKpktm; pDrHtkyfcsKyfoljzpfonf/
    c&pf(1913-17)ppfawGckdif aMu;wkdiftpD&ifcHpmt& bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif jyKpkaygif;(9)ck&Sdonf/
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKU wnfae&m? xkdajrESihfwqufwnf;&SdaomajrwkdYonf xif&Sm;jyifjyKpkESihf uusbufjyKpktwGif;
    yg0ifcMhJ uonf/ xkad jrukd rlvu &ckid v
    f rl sK;d armifjzLESifh armifeq
    D o
    dk l ajrykid &f iS f nDtpfuEdk pS Of ;D u ykid q
    f idk cf MhJ uonf/
    if;nDtpfukdESpfOD;rSm ukvm;rsm;\ vdrfvnfvSnhfzsm;cH&um pD;yGm;usNyd; a'0gvDcHcJh&onf/xkdYaMumihf if;wkdY
    ykdifqkdifaomajrrsm;ukd t*FvdyfvlrsKd; rpwm0DvkdbDu 0,f,lykdifqkdifcJhjyef\/ xkdtjyif bll;oDawmifNrdKUe,f
    azmifawmfjyifaus;&Gme,fajr tygt0if {u(12000)ausmfukd *smrefvlrsKd;rpwma*sqDprdpf(J. C. Smith)u
    ykdifqkdifcJhbl;onf/ rpwm0DvkdbDrSm if;ykdif*&Hajrrsm;ukd rpwma*sqDprpftm; a&mif;cscJhaMumif; od&jyef\/1
    xkdaemuf *&Hajrrsm;ukd ykdif&SiftqifhqifhodkY vTJajymifo;a&mif;cscJhMujyefonf/ ykdif&Siftqufquf
    rnfokdYajymif;vJvmonfukd tao;pdwfazmfjy&efrSm ,cktcg rsm;pGmtcuftcJ &Sdaeayonf/ odkY&mwGif
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f ajrpm&if;OD;pD;XmerS aumufc&H &Sad om pm&if;t& *&Hyidk &f iS ?f ajr{u? wnfae&mt&yfa'o
    azmfjycsufukd atmufygtwkdif; awGUEdkifygonf/
    jyKpkykdif&SifrSm aiGaMu;csrf;omolrsm;jzpfMuNyD; wkdif;&if;om;rsm;tjyif EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;vnf; yg0ifMu

    bl;oD;awmifckdif? bl;oD;awmifNrddKUe,f&Sd *&HBuD; (jyKpk)uGif;rsm;? ajr{&d,mtajctaejyZ,m;


    pOf
    aus;&Gmtrnf
    1
    2
    1 apwDawmif
    apwDawmif
    apwDawmif
    2 &Gmr
    &Gmr
    3 vuf0J'ufjyif&Snf
    vuf0J'ufjyif&Snf
    vuf0J'ufjyif&Snf
    vuf0J'ufjyif&Snf
    vuf0J'ufjyif&Snf
    vuf0J'ufjyif&Snf
    vuf0J'ufjyif&Snf
    4 armifBuD;axmifh
    armifBuD;axmifh
    armifBuD;axmifh

    uGif;eHygwf
    uGif;&Sd{u vuf&Sd{u pkduf{u
    3
    4
    5
    6
    269
    bD
    550
    444
    400
    269
    pD
    300
    136
    30
    269
    'D
    351
    269
    120
    tD;
    261
    209
    180
    269
    640
    335
    240
    269 tufzf
    269
    *sD
    858
    188
    100
    270
    at
    250
    83
    30
    270
    bD
    407
    279
    250
    270
    pD
    499
    324
    280
    270
    'D
    650
    585
    400
    270
    tD;
    372
    261
    100
    276 tufzf
    550
    395
    320
    276
    at
    123
    78
    67
    276
    bD
    331
    155
    138
    276
    pD
    160
    126
    115

    ykdif&Siftrnf
    7
    a*:bif
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    a*s'D0Dvqif
    /
    /

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    90

    bl;oD;awmifckdif? bl;oD;awmifNrddKUe,f&Sd *&HBuD; (jyKpk)uGif;rsm;? ajr{&d,mtajctaejyZ,m;


    pOf
    1

    aus;&Gmtrnf
    2
    armifBuD;axmifh
    armifBuD;axmifh
    armifBuD;axmifh
    armifBuD;axmifh
    5 apwDjyif
    apwDjyif
    apwDjyif
    apwDjyif
    6 iusOfawmuf
    iusOfawmuf
    iusOfawmuf
    7 b'em
    b'em
    b'em
    b'em
    b'em
    8 i&efYacsmif;
    i&efYacsmif;
    i&efYacsmif;
    i&efYacsmif;
    i&efYacsmif;
    i&efYacsmif;
    8 i&efYacsmif;
    i&efYacsmif;
    9 ,if;rausmif;awmif
    ,if;rausmif;awmif
    10 rD;ausmif;aps;
    rD;ausmif;aps;
    rD;ausmif;aps;
    rD;ausmif;aps;
    rD;ausmif;aps;
    rD;ausmif;aps;
    rD;ausmif;aps;

    uGif;eHygwf
    uGif;&Sd{u vuf&Sd{u pkduf{u
    3
    4
    5
    6
    276
    'D
    589
    229
    193
    276
    tD;
    402
    237
    228
    276 tufzf
    321
    217
    177
    276
    *sD
    660
    304
    267
    276
    trf
    499
    243
    237
    276
    tkdif
    377
    260
    231
    276
    a*s
    170
    120
    118
    276
    au
    392
    27
    238
    276 t,fvf 660
    524
    272
    276
    trf
    360
    370
    336
    276
    tef
    303
    283
    263
    281
    at
    451
    320
    275
    281
    bD
    250
    131
    74
    283
    pD
    365
    353
    210
    283 tufzf
    344
    244
    233
    283
    *sD
    363
    283
    273
    283
    at
    440
    425
    403
    283
    bD
    392
    374
    367
    283
    pD
    170
    155
    149
    283
    'D
    315
    262
    205
    317
    at
    273
    216
    205
    317
    bD
    174
    143
    129
    317
    C
    542
    494
    429
    317
    p
    171
    142
    142
    317
    'D
    500
    349
    328
    317
    tD;
    700
    545
    420
    317
    a*s
    126
    118
    317 au
    98
    83
    703
    317 t,fvf
    216
    201
    317 trf
    542
    384
    366
    317 tef
    472
    356
    332
    317 tkd
    439
    277
    246
    317 usL
    300
    217
    195

    ykdif&Siftrnf
    7
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    OD;a&Tom
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    OD;a&Tom
    /
    /
    /
    rdoEmjzL
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    91

    bl;oD;awmifckdif? bl;oD;awmifNrddKUe,f&Sd *&HBuD; (jyKpk)uGif;rsm;? ajr{&d,mtajctaejyZ,m;


    pOf
    aus;&Gmtrnf
    1
    2
    11 o*Feuf
    o*Feuf
    o*Feuf
    o*Feuf
    12 jcif;orm;
    jcif;orm;
    jcif;orm;
    13 uGew
    f idk f
    uGew
    f idk f
    uGew
    f idk f

    uGif;eHygwf
    uGif;&Sd{u vuf&Sd{u pkduf{u
    3
    4
    5
    6
    317 tufzf
    200
    175
    120
    317 *sD
    250
    180
    158
    317 tdwf
    150
    130
    80
    317 tdik f
    250
    205
    185
    324 at
    508
    325
    307
    324 bD
    233
    105
    97
    324 pD
    229
    191
    170
    332 usL
    390
    383
    383
    332 c
    620
    460
    377
    332 C
    540
    416
    420

    ykdif&Siftrnf
    7
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /

    onf/ jyKpkykdif&Sifrsm;onf tpkd;&xHrS if;wkdY\ trnfjzihf *&H,lNyD;jyKpkowfrSwfxm;onfhajrtwGuf ajrcGefukd


    wpfESpfvQif wpfBudrfus wpfvkH;wpfpnf;wnf; NAdwdoQtpkd;&xH ay;&onf/
    jyKpak cgif;rsm;rSm jyKpw
    k iG f aexkid Mf uNy;D ajrcGeaf umufjcif; oD;pm;csxm;jcif;? vlaetdrrf sm; wnfaxmif
    jcif;? pkdufysKd;&efaiG rvkHavmufolrsm;tm; aiGacs;jcif;ESihf tjcm;jyKpkESihf ywfoufonfhudp&yfrsm;ukd pDpOf
    aqmif&Guf&oljzpfonf/ jyKpkacgif;aqmifrSm if;tkyfcsKyf&onfh jyKpkwGif e,fpm;? y,fpm;toGiftcGihfta&;
    &&Sdonf[kqkdEkdif\/
    jyKpkacgif;aqmifwkdYu oabmusESpfoufolom jyKpktwGif; vkyfukdifcGifhjyKonf/ jyKpkacgif;aqmif
    oabmrusonfh v,fvkyfaeol awmifolv,form;rsm;tm; ajrrScsufcsif;ESifxkwfEkdifonf/ wcgw&HwGifrl
    jyKpktwGif; v,frsm;ukd oD;pm;cs&m avvHpepfjzihf oD;pm;ctrsm;qkH;ay;Edkifolukdom oD;pm;csay;avonf/
    jyKpkacgif;aqmiftm; oD;pm;ctjzpf wpf{uvQif ysrf;rQESpfq,fawmif;rQ ay;&onfhtjyif
    ajrcGefwpf{uvQif ckESpfusyfcGJtxd v,fvkyfolrsm;u ay;&onf/ oD;pm;cESihfajrcGefay;&ef ysufuGufvQif
    jyKpkrS EIwfy,fjcif;cH&onf/ tcsKdUjyKpkrsm;wGif oD;pm;cukd pyg;twGufay:rlwnf pyg;wif;(100)vQif
    (40)awmif;ay;&onf/ rkd;ajryJpkdufygu wif;(100)vQif (15)wif;ay;&onf/ uGrf;NcHajrtwGuf(0.05){u
    twGuf wpfESpfvQif(15)usyfay;&onf/ xkdYjyif jyKpktwGif; ESpf&SnfoD;ESHyifrsm;rSm oD;xGufrsm;ukd
    qGwfcl;a&mif;csolrsm; taejzifh a&mif;cs&aiG (100)vQif (15)usyfEIef;jzihf jyKpkacgif;aqmifokdY ay;oGif;&onf/
    NAdwdoQwkdY odrf;ykdufNyD;aemuf if;wkdY\tusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf wHcg;r&Sd? "m;r&Sd vl0ifvlxGufay:vpDukd
    tokH;jyKcJhonf/ tdEd,ta&SUb*Fvm;? ppfwaumif;rS b*FvDukvm;rsm;? r'&yfe,frS ql&D,mvlrsKd;rsm;?
    &ckdifjynfe,fodkY twm;tqD;rJh 0ifcGifhxGufcGihfjyKcJhonf/ omreftm;jzihf wpfESpfvQif ppfwaumif;a'orS ulvD
    aygif;? 40000(av;aomif;)ppfawGckdifodkY 0ifa&mufavh&SdaMumif; od&onf/

    (C) vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;ajr,mpepf
    vGwv
    f yfa&;&Ny;D aemufyidk ;f wGif jyKppk epfrsm;? oD;pm;pepfrsm;ukd zsuo
    f rd ;f Ny;D v,f,majrEkid if yH idk f jyKvyk f
    a&;pDru
    H ed ;f ukd taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u
    G cf o
    hJ nf/ v,frvkyo
    f l v,fyidk &f iS Bf u;D rsm;\ ajr,mrsm;ukd odr;f ,l
    Ny;D awmifov
    l ,form;okYd cGaJ 0ay;cJo
    h nf/ rdryd idk af jrukd uk,
    d yf idk v
    f yk u
    f idk o
    f l awmifov
    l ,form;rsm;tm; v,fajr
    (50){u ,majr(25){u? ukid ;f ajr(10){u? BupH u
    dk af jr (10){u ponfjzihf odr;f qnf;jcif;rjyKbJ uif;vGwcf iG fh

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    92

    jyKcJhonf/

    (i) awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwf ajr,mpepf


    awmfveS af &;aumifpw
    D ufvmaomtcg awmifov
    l ,form;rsm;\ jyemt&yf&yfudk ajz&Si;f Edik &f ef
    twGuf pepfa[mif;ukd zsuo
    f rd ;f ajr,mawmfveS af &; vkyif ef;Bu;D ukd taumiftxnfazmfatmif BuKd ;yrf;cJ\
    h /
    awmifov
    l ,form;rsm; aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;ukd usi;f yNy;D aemuf awmifov
    l ,form;aumifpD tqifq
    h ifu
    h dk
    zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ awmifolv,form;tcGifhta&;ukd umuG,fMuonhf Oya'ukd jyXmef;cJhonf/
    1970 ckESpf or0g,rpDrHudef;t& zGJUpnf;aom a&S;ajy;or0g,r v,f,mrsm;ukd wkd;csJUzGJUpnf;cJh&m
    1977-78 ckESpfwGif bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f (53)oif; zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif [oFmpDrHcsuf
    jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmolrsm;tm; toif;om;rsm;tm;tjzpf yg0ifapvsuf ukvor*tzGJUrS yHhykd;ulnDonfh
    v,fxGefpuf(198)pD;jzihf v,f,mukefxkwfrIvkyfief;ESihf or0g,rtcef;rS taumiftxnf azmfcJhonf/
    usrf;ukd;um;pm&if;
    &ckid jf ynfe,fjzpfpOforkid ;f ? wwd,wG?J pD;yGm;a&;u@? pm-14? NrKd Ue,fajrpm&if;OD;pD;Xme? bl;oD;awmif
    NrdKUe,f rSwfwrf;tcsuftvufrsm;/

    93
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    (2) v,fajrwkdif;wmykHenf;pepf
    &ckid jf ynfe,f&dS v,fajrwkid ;f wmenf;pepfrmS (6.40){uESifh tMurf;zsi;f nDrQaom ]]'ke;f }}twkid ;f twmukd
    okH;pGJMuonf/ ]]wef;'kef;}}rSm uRJESpfaumif(okdYr[kwf) EGm;ESpfaumif\vkyftm;yrmPESihf nDrQ\/ ]]'kef}}rSm
    tdE,
    d rl&iof;pum;jzpf jrefrmvkd ]]&SO}hf }ESiw
    fh n
    l \
    D / twkid ;f twmESprf sK;d pvk;H ukd &ckid jf ynfe,fwiG f ok;H MuNy;D
    ajrmufOD;? rif;jym;? ykPm;uRef;NrdKUe,frsm;wGif ]]&SOfh}}? ]]'kef}}tpm; ]]usif}}ukd okH;pGJMu\/
    ]]'kef}}? ]]&SOfh}}sESihf]]usyf}}wkdY\twkdif;twmqufpyfykHrSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfMu\/1
    (3) aumf& = (3) u&efY = (1) aumif&d (5 Kranta = 1 Cowri)
    (4) aumif&d = (1) *Gef'g
    (4 Coris= 1 Gunda)
    (30) aumf& = (5) *Gef'g = (1) uled
    (5 Gundas=1 Kuni)
    (4) uleD = (1) umeD
    (4 Kunis= 1 Kuni)
    (16) umeD = (1) 'kef
    (16 Kunis= 1 Doon)
    (16) umeD = 6.40 {u
    (1) umeD = 0.40 {u
    12 pwk&ef;tawmif
    (18)aypwk&ef;
    0g;(800)

    =
    =
    =

    &SOf; (okdYr[kwf) usyfpepf


    (12 hanns Quare=1 Wa)
    1
    0g;jyef
    1
    0g;jyef
    (18 feet square=1 banboo)
    wpf&SOf;(okdYr[kwf)wpfusyf

    (800 Was=1=hin or Kyat)

    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fwiG f ]]&SO;f }}? ]]usy}f }pepftpm; ]]'ke;f }}pepfjzpfaom um'kjH zihf wkid ;f wmowfrw
    S af Mumif;
    awGUEkdif\/

    (3) pkdufysKd;a&;vkyfief;
    bl;oDawmifNrKd Ue,fwiG f v,f,mpku
    d yf sK;d a&;vkyif ef;onf t"dupD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;yifjzpf\/ NrKd Ue,fwpfck
    vk;H &Sd vlO;D a&trsm;pkrmS awmifov
    l ,form;rsm; jzpfMu\/ awmifov
    l ,form;rsm;onf pyg;oD;ESu
    H dk t"duxm;
    um pkdufysKd;Muonf/
    NrKd Ue,f\ pyg;pku
    d yf sK;d rIrmS (1885-88)ckEpS rf sm;twGi;f u pku
    d {f u (52563)&Scd o
    hJ nf/ (1915-16)ckEpS f
    1
    ta&mufwGif pkduf{u(68109)xd wkd;wufvmonfukd awGU&\/
    xkaYd emuf qefpyg;pku
    d yf sK;d xkwv
    f yk rf rI mS ESppf OfEpS w
    f idk ;f wk;d wufvmcJo
    h nf/ ok&Yd mwGif ESpt
    f vku
    d pf u
    dk {f u
    wkd;yGm;rIukd vuf&Sdtaxmuftxm;rsm;t& tao;pdwfazmfjy&ef tcuftcJ&SdaMumif; awGU&ygonf/

    (u) pyg;pkdufysKd;jcif;
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f\ pyg;pku
    d yf sK;d rIEiS yfh wfouf jrefrmhpu
    dk yf sK;d a&;vkyif ef;? bl;oD;awmifNrKd UrS ay;ykaYd om
    udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufrsm;rSm (1978-79)ckESpfrS (1993-94)ckESpftxd atmufygtwkdif; awGU&onf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    pOf
    1
    1

    94

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f\ pyg;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae
    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf
    pkduf{u
    atmiff{u
    txGufwif;aygif;
    2
    3
    4
    5
    pyg;(1978-79)
    (u) txl;txGufwkd;
    330
    310
    17708
    (c) txGufaumif;rsKd;
    2093
    2069
    120271
    (*) jynfwGif;txGufwkd;
    11828
    11802
    453842
    (C) kd;kd;pyg;
    33992
    33907
    1095119
    (i) aEGpyg;
    1979-80
    (u) txl;txGufwkd;
    400
    399
    26993
    (c) txGufaumif;rsKd;
    1677
    1670
    108550
    (*) jynfwGif;txGufwkd;
    22374
    22362
    803214
    (C) kd;kd;pyg;
    36680
    36040
    1187003
    (i) aEGpyg;
    1980-81
    (u) txl;txGufwkd;
    400
    400
    30573
    (c) txGufaumif;rsKd;
    2345
    2284
    160776
    (*) jynfwGif;txGufwkd;
    22374
    22029
    861334
    (C) kd;kd;pyg;
    41924
    40425
    1432403
    (i) aEGpyg;
    1981-82
    (u) txl;txGufwkd;
    5000
    4994
    360218
    (c) txGufaumif;rsKd;
    6575
    6491
    432790
    (*) jynfwGif;txGufwkd;
    19102
    18912
    883929
    (C) kd;kd;pyg;
    32485
    31429
    1159611
    (i) aEGpyg;
    1320
    1312
    73603
    1982-83
    (u) txl;txGufwkd;
    7000
    6985
    564076
    (c) txGufaumif;rsKd;
    9000
    8940
    633745
    (*) jynfwGif;txGufwkd;
    29000
    18830
    984285
    (C) kd;kd;pyg;
    28391
    27135
    1086468
    (i) aEGpyg;
    2550
    2505
    141032

    95
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f\ pyg;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae
    pOf
    pkduf{u
    atmiff{u txGufwif;aygif;
    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf
    1
    3
    4
    5
    2
    6 1983-84
    (u) txl;txGufwkd;
    10000
    9965
    743687
    (c) jynfwGif;txGufwkd;
    16200
    15870
    704469
    (*) txGufaumif;rsKd;
    9000
    8897
    562935
    (C) kd;kd;pyg;
    28535
    27850
    1064089
    (i) aEGpyg;
    1585
    1575
    110216
    7 1984-85
    (u) txl;txGufwkd;
    10000
    9994
    602546
    (c) jynfwGif;txGufwkd;
    18500
    18155
    913764
    (*) txGufaumif;rsKd;
    15435
    15045
    694436
    (C) kd;kd;pyg;
    20518
    20108
    946251
    (i) aEGpyg;
    1845
    1845
    118519
    8 1985-86
    (u) txl;txGufwkd;
    11000
    10985
    708578
    (c) jynfwGif;txGufwkd;
    19050
    18867
    975571
    (*) txGufaumif;rsKd;
    14474
    14164
    751699
    (C) kd;kd;pyg;
    19999
    19736
    890809
    (i) aEGpyg;
    1853
    1826
    113135
    9 1986-87
    (u) txl;txGufwkd;
    40032
    40032
    2179864
    (c) jynfwGif;txGufwkd;
    (*) omreftxGufwkd;
    19273
    19273
    752729
    (C) txGufaumif;rsKd;
    (i) kd;kd;pyg;
    1025
    1025
    33825
    (p) aEGpyg;
    1778
    1778
    105710
    10 1987-88
    (u) txl;txGufwkd;
    11738
    11738
    790417
    (c) jynfwGif;txGufwkd;
    (*) omreftxGufwkd;
    34511
    34511
    2166324
    (C) txGufaumif;rsKd;
    (C) kd;kd;pyg;
    15409
    15418
    630270
    (i) aEGpyg;
    252
    252
    57925

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    pOf
    1
    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    96

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f\ pyg;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae
    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf
    pkduf{u
    atmiff{u txGufwif;aygif;
    2
    3
    4
    5
    1988-89
    (u) omreftxGufwkd;
    25050
    25015
    1450870
    (c) kd;kd;pyg;
    35777
    33878
    1639306
    (*) aEGpyg;
    750
    730
    40223
    1989-90
    (u) omreftxGufwkd;
    29579
    29474
    1608371
    (c) kd;kd;pyg;
    31586
    31471
    1541285
    (*) aEGpyg;
    993
    993
    48823
    1990-91
    (u) omreftxGufwkd;
    25000
    24983
    1399184
    (c) kd;kd;pyg;
    36538
    36346
    1808377
    (*) aEGpyg;
    1585
    1414
    71322
    1991-92
    (u) rkd;pyg;
    (c) a&usaemufpkduf
    (*) aEGpyg;oD;xyf
    (C) omreftxGufwkd;
    25000
    24858
    1417819
    (i) kd;kd;pyg;
    36305
    35913
    1754858
    (p) aEGpyg;
    1018
    1016
    51248
    1992-93
    (u) rkd;pyg;
    62570
    62570
    3281005
    (c) a&usaemufpkduf
    (*) aEGpyg;oD;xyf
    2000
    2000
    124380
    (C) omreftxGufwkd;
    (C) kd;kd;pyg;
    (i) aEGpyg;
    1993-94
    (u) rkd;pyg;
    58892
    58892
    3358730
    (c) a&usaemufpkduf
    477
    477
    24151
    (*) aEGpyg;oD;xyf
    2625
    2625
    156056
    (C) omreftxGufwkd;
    (C) kd;kd;pyg;
    (i) aEGpyg;
    -

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    97

    (c) a&mif;0,fazmufum;jcif;
    a&S;tcgu bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f&dS v,fajrtm;vk;H vkv
    d rdk mS *&Hajrykid &f iS rf sm;? v,fyidk &f iS Bf u;D rsm;u ykid q
    f idk f
    cJMh uonf/ v,form;rsm;rSm if;wkx
    Yd rH S oD;pm;cay;Ny;D vkyu
    f idk Mf u&onf/ v,fyidk &f iS rf sm;u oD;pm;cwpfEpS v
    f Qif
    v,fwpf{urS a'ook;H pyg;awmif;av;q,fxd aumufcMH uonf/ xkaYd Mumifh NrKd Ue,frS xGu&f adS om pyg;rsm;
    ukd ppfawGNrKd Uay:rS pyg;ukeo
    f nfBu;D rsm; em'gac: ukvm;yGpJ m;Bu;D rsm;u if;wk\
    Yd t0,fawmfrsm; apvTwu
    f m
    aus;&Gma&muf0,f,al vh&MdS uonf/ v,form;rsm;rSm A[kow
    k acgif;yg;jcif;? qif;&Jerd u
    hf sjcif;? t*Fvyd t
    f pk;d &u
    aumufcaH om tcGet
    f aumufrsm;ukd ray;aqmifygu tzrf;cHMu&rnfudk pk;d &drjf cif;wkaYd Mumihf pyg;ukeo
    f nfrsm;
    ay;orQ aps;jzihf a&mif;Mu&onf/ okjYd zpf v,form;rsm;;rSm v,fvyk o
    f avmuf tusK;d cHpm;cGifh r&&Scd MhJ uacs/

    (*) tpkd;&rS pyg;0,f,ljcif;


    jrefrmEdik if v
    H w
    G v
    f yfa&;&Ny;D aemuf (1948)ckEpS rf S (1962)ckEpS t
    f xd aumufyo
    J ;D ESaH &mif;0,fa&;tzGUJ rS
    'kid zf iG Nhf y;D pyg;0,f,cl yhJ gonf/ (1952)ckEpS w
    f iG f urmq
    h efaps;usvnf;aumif;? tdE,
    d Ekid if u
    H ESppf Of0,faeus
    xuf avsmh0,fvnf;aumif; pyg;rsm;awmifykH&mykH jzpfcJh&onf/ awmifolv,form;rsm;u tpkd;&\
    pyg;0,faps;ukd rufarmNyD; tajrmuftrsm; a&mif;cscJhMuonf/ xkdYaMumihf *kda'gifrsm;? taqmufttkHrsm;?
    tqifoifhr&Sdao; pyg;rsm;pGm ysufpD;cJh&onf/ (1953-54)ckESpfwGif ,m,D*kda'gif? okdavSmifkHrsm;? tNrJwrf;
    okdavSmifkHrsm; aqmufvkyfay;cJhonf/
    (1963-64)ckESpfrSp pyg;0,f,lBudwfcGJa&;ukd tpkd;&u csKyfukdifcJhojzihf xkdESpfrSp okdavSmif'kdif?
    puf'idk ?f uGi;f 'kid [
    f
    l owfrw
    S 0f ,f,cl o
    hJ nf/ (1964-65)ck b@ma&;ESprf pS (1993-94)ck b@ma&;ESpt
    f xd
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif ESpftvkduf pyg;0,f,l&&SdrIrSm atmufygtwkdif; awGU&onf/

    bl; oD; awmifNrdKUe,f\ ESpftvkduf pyg;0,f,l&&SdrItajctae


    pOf
    1
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13

    b@ma&;ESpftrnf
    2
    1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 -

    65
    66
    67
    68
    69
    70
    71
    72
    73
    74
    75
    76
    77

    vsmxm;csuf
    pyg;wif;aygif;

    0,f,l&&Sdaom
    pyg;wif;aygif;

    3
    158697
    1564897
    679205
    607087
    1382732
    444357
    416526
    466319
    315114
    322*907
    326887

    4
    895463
    710554
    372392
    274240
    258238
    299163
    246045
    169885
    292495
    261196
    254590

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    98

    bl;oD; awmifNrdKUe,f\ ESpftvkduf pyg;0,f,l&&SdrItajctae


    pOf
    1
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30

    b@ma&;ESpftrnf
    2
    1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 -

    78
    79
    80
    81
    82
    83
    84
    85
    86
    87
    88
    89
    90
    91
    92
    93
    94

    vsmxm;csuf
    pyg;wif;aygif;

    0,f,l&&Sdaom
    pyg;wif;aygif;

    3
    320000
    350000
    600000
    450000
    450000
    426000
    450000
    450000
    500000
    500000
    320000
    320000
    327000
    262000
    270000
    250000
    443000

    4
    220217
    394418
    442250
    461777
    455137
    497529
    474802
    385083
    548643
    130789
    209518
    240304
    228814
    199108
    192012
    190986
    373722

    (C) tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;jcif;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif pyg;pkdufysKd;jcif;tjyif tjcm;oD;ESHrsm;vnf; pkdufysKd;Muygonf/ bl;oD;awmif
    NrdKUe,f jrefrmhpkdufysKd;a&;vkyfief;rS awmif;,l&&Sdaom tajccHudef;*Pef;azmfjycsufyg tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;rIukd
    (1978-79)ckESpfrS (1993-94)ckESpftxd atmufygtwkdif; awGU&ygonf/

    (i) vufzufpkdufysKd;jcif;

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    99

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae
    pOf

    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf

    pkduf{u

    1
    1

    1978-79
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (*) tjcm;ESHpm;yif
    (C) ajryJ (aqmif;)
    (i) rkHif;
    (p) aeMum
    (q) 0guav;
    (Z) tjcm;trQifxGuf
    (ps) rwfyJ
    (n) bkdudwf
    (#) ikyf(rkd;)
    (!) ikyf(aqmif;)
    (V) MuufoGefeD
    () MuufoGefjzL
    (P) tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    (w) tmvl;
    (x) jrefrmaq;
    (') csufBuH&ifh
    (") uGrf;oD;
    (e) tkef;oD;
    (y) opfoD;yifrsm;
    (z) iSufaysm
    (b) uGrf;&Guf
    (A) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    (r) taxGaxGpm;okH;yif
    (,) "ed
    (&) pm;okH;jcif;rjyKo0nfhyif

    44
    12
    32
    21
    171
    1250
    225
    27
    80
    220
    30
    44
    1000
    37
    41
    40
    486
    618
    136
    1
    5
    2035
    25
    15
    483
    25
    122
    302

    atmif{u

    xGufwif;
    4

    43
    12
    32
    21
    165
    1250
    200
    24
    80
    194
    28
    42
    1160
    35
    41
    38
    482
    612
    134
    1
    5
    2035
    24
    14
    400
    24
    122
    302

    198
    49
    86400
    69
    5230
    8000
    4000
    1455
    9200
    900
    213
    13860
    1000
    45150
    18604
    449224
    140760
    1260
    341
    9600
    5760
    39900
    29400
    490440
    -

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    100

    bl; oD;awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd; xkwfvkyfrItajctae


    pOf
    1

    oD;ESHtrsKd; trnf
    2
    (v) ajymif;zl;(taphxw
    k )f
    (0) yef;ESrf;
    (o) ukvm;yJ
    1979-80
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    (2) aqmif;ESr;f
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (*) tjcm;ESpH m;yif
    (C) ajryJ (aqmif;)
    (i) rk
    H i ;f
    (p) aeMum
    (q) 0guav;
    (Z) tjcm;trQifxGuf
    (ps) rwfyJ
    d w
    d f
    (n) bku
    (#) iky(f rk;d )
    (!) iky(f aqmif;)
    (V) MuufoeG feD
    () MuufoeG fjzL
    (P) tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    (w) tmvl;
    (x) jrefrmaq;
    (') csufBuH&ifh
    (") uGr;f oD;
    (e) tke;f oD;
    (y) opfo;D yifrsm;
    (z) iSuaf ysm
    (b) uGr;f &Guf
    (A) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    (r) taxGaxGpm;ok;H yif

    pkduf{u

    atmif{u

    xGufwif;

    3
    -

    4
    -

    54
    80
    32
    20
    251
    1289
    50
    24
    78
    114
    22
    zwfr&
    1577
    26
    20
    37
    200
    505
    181
    1
    5
    2013
    21
    14
    22

    53
    78
    32
    20
    247
    1285
    50
    22
    78
    112
    22
    zwfr&
    1566
    26
    20
    37
    277
    487
    109
    1
    5
    2013
    21
    14
    22

    244
    297
    86400
    64
    8249
    889
    1330
    8995
    538
    169
    zwfr&
    207475
    35025
    9800
    45880
    258164
    112239
    1025
    341
    9600
    5229
    40180
    -

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    101

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae
    pOf

    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf

    pkduf{u

    (,) "ed
    (&) pm;ok;H jcif;rjyKonhyf if
    (v) ajymif;zl;(taphxkwf)
    (0) yef;ESrf;
    (o) ukvm;yJ
    1980-81
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (*) tjcm;ESHpm;yif
    (C) ajryJ (aqmif;)
    (i) rkHif;
    (p) aeMum
    (q) 0guav;
    (Z) tjcm;trQifxGuf
    (ps) rwfyJ
    (n) bkdudwf
    (#) ikyf(rkd;)
    (!) ikyf(aqmif;)
    (V) MuufoGefeD
    () MuufoGefjzL
    (P) tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    (w) tmvl;
    (x) jrefrmaq;
    (') csufBuH&ifh
    (") uGrf;oD;
    (e) tkef;oD;
    (y) opfo;D yifrsm;
    (z) iSufaysm
    (b) uGrf;&Guf
    (A) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    (r) taxGaxGpm;okH;yif

    atmif{u

    xGufwif;

    3
    122
    302
    -

    122
    302
    -

    4
    512400
    -

    70
    70
    32
    20
    236
    1660
    60
    27
    80
    250
    5
    1832
    42
    43
    40
    459
    816
    125
    3
    6
    2035
    31
    14
    1105
    22

    65
    60
    32
    20
    230
    1650
    60
    25
    80
    245
    5
    1810
    41
    43
    40
    554
    788
    108
    1
    5
    2035
    31
    14
    1075
    22

    293
    260
    86400
    64
    7745
    11467
    1066
    1516
    9600
    1249
    01
    325185
    13940
    19754
    518267
    193722
    1102
    380
    10000
    8680
    40180
    28160

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    102

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae
    pOf

    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf

    pkduf{u

    (,) "ed
    (&) pm;ok;H jcif;rjyKonhyf if
    (v) ajymif;zl;(taphxkwf)
    (0) yef;ESrf;
    (o) ukvm;yJ
    1981-82
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (*) tjcm;ESHpm;yif
    (C) ajryJ (aqmif;)
    (i) rkHif;
    (p) aeMum
    (q) 0guav;
    (Z) tjcm;trQifxGuf
    (ps) rwfyJ
    (n) bkdudwf
    (#) ikyf(rkd;)
    (!) ikyf(aqmif;)
    (V) MuufoGefeD
    () MuufoGefjzL
    (P) tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    (w) tmvl;
    (x) jrefrmaq;
    (') csufBuH&ifh
    (") uGrf;oD;
    (e) tkef;oD;
    (y) opfo;D yifrsm;
    (z) iSufaysm
    (b) uGrf;&Guf
    (A) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    (r) taxGaxGpm;okH;yif

    atmif{u

    xGufwif;

    3
    216
    410
    24
    -

    180
    410
    20
    -

    4
    756000
    300
    -

    58
    82
    30
    20
    236
    1660
    5
    25
    80
    250
    40
    42
    1832
    40
    43
    40
    559
    823
    150
    3
    6
    2035
    31
    15
    1106
    22

    56
    80
    29
    20
    230
    1640
    5
    25
    80
    240
    40
    41
    1810
    39
    41
    37
    554
    788
    132
    1
    5
    2035
    31
    15
    1083
    22

    258
    367
    72500
    70
    7422
    11398
    80
    1391
    9200
    1224
    328
    13940
    329420
    56550
    18604
    44350
    518267
    193722
    1176
    340
    10000
    8680
    40180
    28160

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    103

    bl; oD; awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae


    pOf

    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf

    pkduf{u

    (,) "ed
    (&) pm;ok;H jcif;rjyKonhyf if
    k )f
    (v) ajymif;zl;(taphxw
    (0) yef;ESr;f
    (o) ukvm;yJ
    1982-83
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rk;d ESr;f
    (2) aqmif;ESr;f
    (3) yef;ESr;f
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (*) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (C) tjcm;ESpH m;yif
    (i) aqmif;ajryJ
    H i ;f
    (p) rk
    (q) aeMum
    (Z) 0guav;
    (ps) tjcm;trQifxu
    G f
    (n) rwfyJ
    (#) ukvm;yJ
    (!) bku
    d w
    d yf J
    (V) pm;awmfyf J
    () iky(f rk;d )
    (P) iky(f aqmif;)
    (w) MuufoeG ef D
    (x) MuufoeG jf zL
    (') tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    (") tmvl;
    (e) jrefrmaq;
    (y) csufBuH&ifh
    (z) uGr;f oD;
    (b) tke;f oD;
    (A) opfo;D yifrsm;
    (r) iSuaf ysm
    (,) uGr;f &Guf

    atmif{u

    xGufwif;

    3
    216
    314
    65
    5
    12

    180
    314
    54
    5
    8

    4
    756000
    810
    15
    65

    58
    100
    5
    35
    155
    20
    300
    3500
    50
    80
    250
    12
    40
    10
    42
    1770
    45
    43
    42
    544
    823
    235
    3
    6
    2035
    35
    15

    97
    95
    5
    34
    140
    20
    290
    3450
    45
    80
    240
    8
    40
    6
    41
    1760
    43
    41
    40
    540
    788
    216
    2
    5
    2035
    35
    15

    264
    461
    18
    95200
    3920
    66
    9723
    23977
    3299
    9200
    1256
    65
    300
    29
    14351
    311520
    68800
    18860
    48250
    504900
    193722
    3240
    760
    10000
    9800
    42000

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    104

    bl; oD; awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae


    pOf

    oD; ESHtrsKd;trnf

    pkduf{u

    2
    (&) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    (v) taxGaxGpm;ok;H yif
    (0) "ed
    (o) pm;okH;jcif;rjyKonhftyif
    ([) yJ'Dprd f;
    (X) axmywfyJ
    1983-84
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    (3) yef;ESrf;
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (*) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (C) tjcm;ESpH m;yif
    (i) aqmif;ajryJ
    (p) rk
    H i ;f
    (q) aeMum
    (Z) 0guav;
    (ps) tjcm;trQifxu
    G f
    (n) rwfyJ
    (#) ukvm;yJ
    (!) bku
    d w
    d fyJ
    (V) pm;awmffyJ
    () ikyf(rk;d )
    (P) ikyf(aqmif;)
    (w) MuufoeG feD
    (x) MuufoeG fjzL
    (') tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    (") tmvl;
    (e) jrefrmaq;
    (y) csufBuH&ifh
    (z) uGrf;oD;
    (b) tkef;oD;
    (A) opfoD;yifrsm;
    (r) iSufaysm
    (,) uGrf;&Guf
    (&) [if;oD;[if;&Guf

    atmif{u

    xGufwif;

    3
    1106
    22
    216
    314
    -

    1100
    22
    200
    314
    -

    4
    28160
    920000
    -

    58
    107
    35
    200
    10
    320
    3475
    50
    55
    255
    65
    42
    1100
    55
    45
    43
    550
    250
    50
    5
    10
    2035
    40
    20
    1145

    55
    105
    34
    196
    10
    310
    3405
    45
    50
    240
    65
    41
    1000
    53
    43
    41
    540
    230
    50
    5
    5
    2035
    40
    20
    1125

    234
    493
    85000
    5320
    35
    11141
    23835
    3299
    5750
    1256
    482
    14350
    140000
    84800
    19780
    49610
    514900
    55200
    750
    10900
    10000
    10000
    56000
    -

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    105

    bl; oD; awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae


    pOf

    oD; ESHtrsKd;trnf

    pkduf{u

    2
    (v) taxGaxGpm;ok;H yif
    (0) "ed
    (o) pm;okH;jcif;rjyKonhftyif
    ([) yJ'Dprd f;
    (X) axmywfyJ
    1984-85
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    (3) yef;ESrf;
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (*) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (C) tjcm;ESpH m;yif
    (i) aqmif;ajryJ
    H i f;
    (p) rk
    (q) aeMum
    (Z) 0guav;
    (ps) tjcm;trQifxu
    G f
    (n) rwfyJ
    (#) ukvm;yJ
    d w
    d fyJ
    (!) bku
    (V) pm;awmffyJ
    () ikyf(rk;d )
    (P) ikyf(aqmif;)
    (w) MuufoeG feD
    (x) MuufoeG fjzL
    (') tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    (") tmvl;
    (e) jrefrmaq;
    (y) csufBuH&ifh
    (z) uGrf;oD;
    (b) tkef;oD;
    (A) opfoD;yifrsm;
    (r) iSufaysm
    (,) uGrf;&Guf
    (&) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    (v) taxGaxGpm;ok;H yif

    atmif{u

    xGufwif;

    3
    40
    216
    314
    5
    2

    40
    200
    314
    4
    2

    4
    56000
    920000
    26
    14

    58
    92
    35
    20
    320
    3615
    294
    30
    821
    3
    71
    60
    1575
    48
    58
    43
    560
    235
    50
    5
    10
    1145
    40
    25
    16

    55
    92
    35
    20
    320
    3015
    272
    30
    258
    2
    71
    55
    1525
    45
    55
    41
    550
    225
    50
    5
    10
    1125
    40
    25
    16

    257
    414
    94500
    64
    11141
    19447
    22265
    3600
    1176
    13
    532
    20100
    259250
    20700
    8800
    50320
    514250
    54000
    750
    1900
    16000
    10000
    70000
    -

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    106

    bl; oD; awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae


    pOf

    oD; ESHtrsKd;trnf

    pkduf{u

    (0) "ed
    (o) pm;okH;jcif;rjyKonhftyif
    ([) yJ'Dprd f;
    (X) axmywfyJ
    1985-86
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    (3) yef;ESrf;
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (*) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (C) tjcm;ESpH m;yif
    (i) aqmif;ajryJ
    H i f;
    (p) rk
    (q) aeMum
    (Z) 0guav;
    (ps) tjcm;trQifxu
    G f
    (n) rwfyJ
    (#) ukvm;yJ
    d w
    d fyJ
    (!) bku
    (V) pm;awmffyJ
    () ikyf(rk;d )
    (P) ikyf(aqmif;)
    (w) MuufoeG feD
    (x) MuufoeG fjzL
    (') tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    (") tmvl;
    (e) jrefrmaq;
    (y) csufBuH&ifh
    (z) uGrf;oD;
    (b) tkef;oD;
    (A) opfoD;yifrsm;
    (r) iSufaysm
    (,) uGrf;&Guf
    (&) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    (v) taxGaxGpm;ok;H yif

    atmif{u

    xGufwif;

    3
    226
    165
    1139
    100

    216
    165
    260
    88

    4
    993600
    1140
    462

    58
    92
    35
    20
    320
    3565
    290
    30
    552
    410
    42
    1600
    58
    48
    42
    560
    220
    50
    5
    2035
    15
    22

    55
    92
    35
    20
    300
    3035
    250
    30
    427
    356
    41
    1530
    55
    45
    43
    510
    210
    50
    5
    2035
    15
    22

    257
    414
    94500
    64
    9975
    14720
    21000
    3600
    1516
    2436
    13940
    23850
    8800
    20700
    461550
    48300
    750
    1700
    41310
    -

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    107

    bl; oD; awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD; ESHpkdufysKd; xkwfvkyfrItajctae


    pOf

    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf

    pkduf{u

    (0) "ed
    (o) pm;okH;jcif;rjyKonhftyif
    ([) yJ'Dprd f;
    (X) axmywfyJ
    1986-87
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    (3) yef;ESrf;
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (*) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (C) tjcm;oD;ESyH if
    (i) aqmif;ajryJ
    (p) rk
    H i f;
    (q) 0guav;
    (Z) rwfyJ
    (ps) yJ'Dprd f;
    (n) bku
    d w
    d fyJ
    (#) TJtjcm;trQifxu
    G f
    (!) jrefrmaq;
    (V) uGrf;oD;
    () uGrf;&Guf
    (P) ikyf (rdk;)
    (w) ikyf (aqmif;)
    (x) MuufoeG feD
    (') MuufoeG fjzL
    (") tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    (e) tmvl;
    (y) iSufaysm
    (z) opfo;D yifrsm;
    (b) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    (A) taxGaxGpm;ok;H yif
    (r) "ed
    (,) ukvm;yJ
    (&) csufBuH&ifh
    (v) tke;f oD;
    (0) 0g;

    atmif{u

    xGufwif;

    3
    216
    423
    207

    216
    160
    68

    4
    993600
    2439
    282

    58
    25
    37
    10
    20
    250
    2910
    30
    790
    10
    108
    25
    220
    5
    18
    42
    1200
    45
    55
    42
    550
    30
    2057
    1185
    27
    216
    -

    50
    23
    35
    9
    20
    240
    2280
    30
    720
    8
    98
    25
    210
    5
    18
    40
    1183
    43
    53
    40
    520
    30
    2057
    1174
    27
    216
    -

    245
    114
    97475
    135
    64
    7920
    14234
    2520
    4608
    64
    711
    2873
    50474
    1705
    52344
    13600
    201110
    75723
    22376
    472160
    6600
    950400
    -

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    pOf
    1
    10

    108

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae
    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf
    pkduf{u
    atmif{u
    3
    2
    1987-88
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    60
    58
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    49
    49
    (3) yef;ESrf;
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    34
    34
    (*) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (C) tjcm;oD;ESHyif
    16
    16
    (i) aqmif;ajryJ
    (p) rkHif;
    2350
    2350
    (q) 0guav;
    25
    19
    (Z) rwfyJ
    150
    150
    (ps) yJ'Dpdrf;
    (n) bkdudwfyJ
    300
    300
    (#) TJtjcm;trQifxGuf
    8
    8
    (!) jrefrmaq;
    150
    150
    (V) uGrf;oD;
    5
    5
    () uGrf;&Guf
    36
    36
    (P) ikyf (rdk;)
    50
    45
    (w) ikyf (aqmif;)
    1060
    1060
    (x) MuufoGefeD
    27
    27
    (') MuufoGefjzL
    28
    28
    (") tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    43
    41
    (e) tmvl;
    565
    565
    (y) iSufaysm
    32
    32
    (z) opfo;D yifrsm;
    2035
    2035
    (b) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    1250
    1250
    (A) taxGaxGpm;okH;yif
    85
    84
    (r) "ed
    333
    320
    (,) ukvm;yJ
    881
    881
    (&) csufBuH&ifh
    1
    1
    (v) tkef;oD;
    68
    66
    (0) 0g;
    10
    7

    xGufwif;
    4

    232
    220
    91800
    51
    11280
    1529
    768
    2184
    960
    36000
    1900
    98000
    15390
    169600
    13770
    12320
    50120
    678000
    14400
    147200
    6
    891
    11200

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    pOf
    1
    11

    109

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae
    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf
    pkduf{u
    atmif{u
    3
    2
    1988-89
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    60
    58
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    52
    50
    (3) yef;ESrf;
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    34
    34
    (*) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    (C) tjcm;oD;ESHyif
    16
    16
    (i) aqmif;ajryJ
    210
    205
    (p) rkHif;
    2150
    2110
    (q) 0guav;
    (Z) rwfyJ
    150
    140
    (ps) yJ'Dpdrf;
    (n) bkdudwfyJ
    320
    310
    (#) TJtjcm;trQifxGuf
    6
    6
    (!) jrefrmaq;
    210
    200
    (V) uGrf;oD;
    5
    5
    () uGrf;&Guf
    36
    36
    (P) ikyf (rdk;)
    32
    30
    (w) ikyf (aqmif;)
    1350
    1250
    (x) MuufoGefeD
    29
    29
    (') MuufoGefjzL
    35
    35
    (") tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    37
    37
    (e) tmvl;
    500
    480
    (y) iSufaysm
    32
    32
    (z) opfoD;yifrsm;
    2035
    2035
    (b) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    1250
    1250
    (A) taxGaxGpm;okH;yif
    84
    84
    (r) "ed
    333
    325
    (,) pm;okkH;jcif;rjyKonfhtyif
    881
    881
    (&) ukvm;yJ
    3
    3
    (v) csufBuH&ihf
    56
    56
    (0) tkef;oD;
    11
    7
    (o) 0g
    10
    10

    xGufwif;
    4

    232
    225
    71400
    51
    6765
    8862
    740
    2201
    720
    48000
    1900
    98000
    10200
    175000
    14790
    15400
    38720
    55200
    14400
    149500
    15
    756
    11200
    805

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    pOf
    1
    12

    110

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae
    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf
    pkduf{u
    atmif{u
    3
    2
    1989-90
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    35
    34
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    69
    69
    (3) yef;ESrf;
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    35
    34
    (*) ajymif;zl;(taphxkwf)
    (C) tjcm;ESHpm;yif
    16
    16
    (i) aqmif;ajryJ
    267
    260
    (p) rkHif;
    2320
    2300
    (q) 0guav;
    10
    10
    (Z) rwfyJ
    120
    120
    (ps) yJ'Dpdrf;
    (n) bkdudwfyJ
    (#) TJtjcm;trQifxGuf
    4
    4
    (!) jrefrmaq;
    135
    130
    (V) uGrf;oD;
    7
    5
    () uGrf;&Guf
    50
    50
    (P) ikyf (rdk;)
    35
    35
    (w) ikyf (aqmif;)
    1335
    1330
    (x) MuufoGefeD
    28
    28
    (') MuufoGefjzL
    35
    33
    (") tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    43
    43
    (e) tmvl;
    550
    545
    (y) iSufaysm
    30
    30
    (z) opfoD;yifrsm;
    2035
    2035
    (b) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    1300
    1280
    (A) taxGaxGpm;okH;yif
    90
    50
    (r) "ed
    335
    333
    (,) pm;okkH;jcif;rjyKonfhtyif
    800
    800
    (&) ukvm;yJ
    (v) csufBuH&ihf
    95
    95
    (0) tkef;oD;
    11
    8
    (o) 0g
    -

    xGufwif;
    4

    170
    338
    71400
    51
    8840
    12190
    750
    720
    480
    31200
    1900
    140000
    11908
    186200
    14200
    14520
    53300
    599500
    13500
    138720
    153180
    1254
    12800
    -

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    pOf
    1
    13

    111

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae
    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf
    pkduf{u
    atmif{u
    3
    2
    1990-91
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    35
    35
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    50
    50
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    39
    38
    (*) tjcm;ESHpm;yif
    16
    16
    (C) aqmif;ajryJ
    269
    268
    (i) rwfyJ
    120
    120
    (p) bkdudwfyJ
    310
    310
    (q) rkHkif;
    2322
    2320
    (Z) 0guav;
    10
    10
    (ps) TJtjcm;trQifxGuf
    4
    4
    (n) tmvl;
    510
    506
    (#) ikyf(rkd;)
    35
    35
    (!) ikyf (aqmif;)
    1290
    1287
    (V) MuufoGefeD
    25
    25
    () MuufoGefjzL
    33
    33
    (P) tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    43
    43
    (w) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    1255
    1255
    (x) csufBu&H ihf
    133
    130
    (') iSufaysm
    30
    30
    (") taxGaxGpm;okH;yif
    95
    95
    (e) tkef;oD;
    11
    8
    (y) uGrf;oD;
    7
    5
    (z) uGrf;&GGuf
    50
    50
    (b) jrefrmaq;
    110
    110
    (A) opfoD;yifrsm;
    2035
    2035
    (r) "ed
    335
    333
    (,) pm;ok;H jcif;rjyKonfhtyif
    880
    880
    (&) yJ'Dpdrf;
    (v) yJpdrf;ikH
    (0) qyfESH
    (o) eEGif;wuf
    ([) *sif;wuf
    (|) uefpGef;O
    (t) ydef;O
    -

    xGufwif;
    4
    157
    250
    76400
    51
    8840
    720
    2170
    12064
    700
    480
    56600
    10850
    205920
    12750
    14520
    44720
    1690
    13500
    121600
    12800
    1900
    140000
    27500
    153180
    -

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    pOf
    1
    14

    112

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae
    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf
    pkduf{u
    atmif{u
    3
    2
    1991-92
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    35
    34
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    50
    49
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    39
    38
    (*) tjcm;ESHpm;yif
    16
    16
    (C) aqmif;ajryJ
    280
    278
    (i) rwfyJ
    120
    120
    (p) bkdudwfyJ
    310
    310
    (q) rkHkif;
    2335
    2335
    (Z) 0guav;
    10
    10
    (ps) TJtjcm;trQifxGuf
    4
    4
    (n) tmvl;
    510
    506
    (#) ikyf(rkd;)
    35
    35
    (!) ikyf (aqmif;)
    1290
    1287
    (V) MuufoGefeD
    30
    30
    () MuufoGefjzL
    33
    33
    (P) tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    143
    243
    (w) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    1255
    1255
    (x) csufBu&H ihf
    163
    160
    (') iSufaysm
    30
    30
    (") taxGaxGpm;okH;yif
    95
    95
    (e) tkef;oD;
    11
    8
    (y) uGrf;oD;
    7
    5
    (z) uGrf;&GGuf
    50
    50
    (b) jrefrmaq;
    70
    70
    (A) opfoD;yifrsm;
    2035
    2035
    (r) "ed
    335
    333
    (,) pm;ok;H jcif;rjyKonfhtyif
    880
    880
    (&) yJ'Dpdrf;
    3
    3
    (v) yJpdrf;ikH
    (0) qyfESH
    (o) eEGif;wuf
    ([) *sif;wuf
    (|) uefpGef;O
    (t) ydef;O
    -

    xGufwif;
    4
    153
    245
    76418
    51
    9174
    720
    2170
    12064
    700
    480
    556600
    10850
    205920
    15300
    14520
    44720
    2160
    13500
    13300
    12800
    1900
    140000
    17500
    153180
    18
    -

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    pOf
    1
    15

    113

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae
    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf
    pkduf{u
    atmif{u
    3
    2
    1992-93
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    60
    60
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    107
    107
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    39
    39
    (*) tjcm;ESHpm;yif
    16
    16
    (C) aqmif;ajryJ
    230
    230
    (i) rwfyJ
    168
    168
    (p) bkdudwfyJ
    142
    142
    (q) rkHkif;
    694
    694
    (Z) 0guav;
    (ps) TJtjcm;trQifxGuf
    4
    4
    (n) tmvl;
    372
    372
    (#) ikyf(rkd;)
    106
    106
    (!) ikyf (aqmif;)
    936
    936
    (V) MuufoGefeD
    25
    25
    () MuufoGefjzL
    26
    26
    (P) tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    44
    44
    (w) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    923
    928
    (x) csufBu&H ihf
    109
    109
    (') iSufaysm
    30
    30
    (") taxGaxGpm;okH;yif
    97
    97
    (e) tkef;oD;
    11
    9
    (y) uGrf;oD;
    8
    6
    (z) uGrf;&GGuf
    51
    51
    (b) jrefrmaq;
    144
    144
    (A) opfoD;yifrsm;
    2660
    2045
    (r) "ed
    335
    335
    (,) pm;ok;H jcif;rjyKonfhtyif
    880
    880
    (&) yJ'Dpdrf;
    (v) yJpdrf;ikH
    (0) qyfESH
    (o) eEGif;wuf
    ([) *sif;wuf
    (|) uefpGef;O
    (t) ydef;O
    -

    xGufwif;
    4
    270
    588
    78000
    7590
    1008
    1005
    3872
    480
    358861
    32860
    131040
    12720
    11440
    45723
    1526
    13500
    14400
    1900
    142800
    36000
    1531800
    -

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    pOf
    1
    16

    114

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f/ tjcm;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctae
    oD;ESHtrsKd;trnf
    pkduf{u
    atmif{u
    3
    2
    1993-94
    (u) ESrf;
    (1) rkd;ESrf;
    60
    60
    (2) aqmif;ESrf;
    100
    100
    (c) ajymif;zl;(zl;pm;)
    39
    39
    (*) tjcm;ESHpm;yif
    (C) aqmif;ajryJ
    202
    202
    (i) rwfyJ
    120
    120
    (p) bkdudwfyJ
    142
    142
    (q) rkHkif;
    853
    853
    (Z) 0guav;
    (ps) TJtjcm;trQifxGuf
    8
    8
    (n) tmvl;
    307
    307
    (#) ikyf(rkd;)
    60
    60
    (!) ikyf (aqmif;)
    1004
    1004
    (V) MuufoGefeD
    23
    23
    () MuufoGefjzL
    24
    24
    (P) tjcm;[if;arT;yif
    (w) [if;oD;[if;&Guf
    925
    925
    (x) csufBu&H ihf
    (') iSufaysm
    28
    28
    (") taxGaxGpm;okH;yif
    (e) tkef;oD;
    10
    10
    (y) uGrf;oD;
    6
    6
    (z) uGrf;&GGuf
    55
    55
    (b) jrefrmaq;
    138
    138
    (A) opfoD;yifrsm;
    2960
    2960
    (r) "ed
    333
    333
    (,) pm;ok;H jcif;rjyKonfhtyif
    923
    923
    (&) yJ'Dpdrf;
    (v) yJpdrf;ikH
    (0) qyfESH
    16
    16
    (o) eEGif;wuf
    36
    36
    ([) *sif;wuf
    12
    12
    (|) uefpGef;O
    53
    53
    (t) ydef;O
    44
    44

    xGufwif;
    4
    360
    550
    78000
    6666
    720
    994
    960
    307000
    18600
    140560
    37260
    10560
    12600
    16000
    2280
    154000
    34500
    1448550
    51
    39600
    11280
    74200
    66000

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    115

    vufzufudk bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f azmifawmfjyifaus;&Gm&Sd *&efajr&Sd zwfr& w{u(40)cefY prf;oyfpu


    dk f
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    1

    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fwiG f vufzufpu


    dk yf sK;d jzpfxeG ;f rI&
    dS pku
    d yf sK;d xkwv
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    f nf[k
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    NAw
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    h nf/ oabFmqku
    d u
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    (J.C. Scamith) onf rdr&
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    dk yf sK;d cJ\
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    vufzufNcHonf pD;yGm;jzpfpkdufysKd;cJh&m ppfawGckdiftwGif; tESYHtjym;a&mif;cscJhonf/ vufzufajcmufrSmvnf;
    teHt
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    dk Bl uKd urf sm;Ny;D ESpo
    f ufMuojzihf puLtxkyif ,frsm;
    jyKvkyfum aps;aygaygESifh a&mif;csEkdifcJh\/
    xkv
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    f m; oD;pm;csxm;aom *&Hajrqkid &f m k;H ESiafh jrc aumufcaH omvpmrsm;jzihf vlaygif;
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    1
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    (p) pdkufysKd;p&dwfESihf tjcm;acs;aiGrsm;


    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fwiG f (1961-62)ckEpS rf pS aumufBu;D trawmfaiG? &ue;f trawmfaiGrsm;ukd tpk;d &
    rS xkwaf cs;cJah Mumif; awGU&ygonf/ (1961-62)ckEpS rf pS trawmfaiGxw
    k af cs;rI? aumufc&H &Srd ?I vufuseaf iG
    rsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif; awGU&ygonf/
    1964 ckESpf rkd;&moDrSp pkdufysKd;a&;aus;&GmbPfrsm;ukd zGJUpnf;NyD; pkdufysKd;p&dwfrsm;ukd xkwfacs;cJhyg
    onf/ xkdumvtwGif; zGJUpnf;cJhaom aus;&GmbPfrsm;rSm-

    au mu fB u D ; t raw mf a iG
    ck E S p f
    1961 - 62
    1962 - 63
    1963 - 64

    x k w f a c s;aiG
    300000d
    773900
    156185

    au mu f c H& ai G
    278445
    619562
    7689

    u sef a iG
    21554d
    154337
    148495

    w k di f; t raw mf a i G
    ck E S p f
    1961 - 62
    1962 - 63
    1963 - 64

    x k w f a c s;aiG
    4475
    14928
    76025

    au mu f c H& ai G
    2411d
    10494
    37080

    u sef a iG
    2064d
    4433
    38945

    w k di f; t raw mf a i G
    ck E S p f
    1962 - 63
    1963 - 64

    x k w f a c s;aiG
    11350d
    15725

    au mu f c H& ai G
    7628d
    10836

    u sef a iG
    3722d
    4890

    116

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    pkdufysKd;p&dwf xkwfacs;aiGukd atmufygtwkdif; awGU&ygonf/


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    1964 - 65 ckESpf
    1965 - 66 ckESpf
    1966 - 67 ckESpf
    1967
    68 ckEpS f
    pkpkaygif;

    39
    48
    5
    -

    oif;
    oif;
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    oif;

    92

    oif;

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    xkwfacs;aiG

    jyefqyfaiG

    a<u;a[mif;rsm;
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    aqmif;
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    1965
    aqmif;
    1966
    rkd;
    1967
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    1967
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    638159d
    11455
    1189375
    12750
    374250
    284850
    7575

    103375d
    8684
    720367
    4136
    104455
    122116
    2949

    usefaiG
    534784d
    2771
    469008
    8614
    269795
    162734
    4626

    od&ygonf/ if;XmerSay;ykdYaom pm&if;? Z,m;tcsuftvufrsm;t& pkdufysKd;p&dwfacs;aiGqkdif&m taxmuf


    txm;rsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif; awGU&ygonf/

    (q) ckdif;uRJ? ckdif;EGm;ESifh v,fvkyfu&d,m


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    (79) rkd;
    (80) rkd;
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    10025
    4627
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    2998730
    1193640
    718690
    533330
    445550
    921200

    2463377
    1040231
    619649
    483559
    418413
    844370

    1024503
    535353
    153409
    99041
    49771
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    117

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    (84)
    (85)
    (86)
    (87)
    (88)
    (89)
    (90)
    (91)
    (91)
    (92)
    (93)

    rkd;
    rkd;
    rkd;
    rkd;
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    xkwfacs;aiG
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    2110
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    1356
    34
    3644
    27
    1562
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    1447
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    809
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    692
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    1065
    14
    886
    19
    885
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    1345

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    595980
    2503940
    698280
    618350
    443130
    407060
    606295
    527465
    1003950
    1714000

    694470
    545912
    2207708
    680730
    574340
    443130
    407060
    606295
    527465
    1003950
    8500

    45080
    50068
    296232
    9550
    44010
    1705500

    9858000

    7699560

    2150440

    acs;aiG

    15801

    qyfaiG
    &mckdif
    EIef;

    ck E S p f E

    tr
    (84)
    (85)
    (86)
    (87)
    (88)
    (89)
    (90)
    (91)
    (91)
    (92)
    (93)

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    trsKd ; tpm;
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    ckdifuRJcdik f;EGm;acs;aiG
    1989
    - 90 ckdif;EGm;
    1990
    - 91
    1991
    - 92
    1992
    - 93
    1993
    - 94
    1994
    - 95
    aygif;

    xkw facs;aiG
    u^o
    tzGJU 0if OD; a&
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    3
    5
    5
    7
    8
    12

    16
    24
    17
    40
    50
    50
    197

    jyefq yf a iG

    usefa iG

    acs;aiG

    48000
    96000
    102000
    240000
    400000
    400000
    1286000

    48000
    80800
    70800
    98400
    88800
    386800

    15200
    31200
    141600
    311200
    400000
    899200

    qyfa iG
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    ef;

    118

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

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    ckESpfESihf acs;aiG
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    vSnf;acs;aiG
    1993 - 94 vSnf;

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    acs;aiG

    20

    160000

    32000

    128000

    20

    160000

    32000

    128000

    qyfaiG
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    1-5-94
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    470
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    41
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    511
    43670

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    (Z) ykd;owfaq;ESihf"mwfajrMoZmokH;pGJrItajctae
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    pOf
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6

    trsKd;trnf
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    xGefpuf(jynfolykdif)
    xGefpuf (or0g,r)
    xGefpuf (yk*vdu)

    OD;a&
    9924
    36659
    81
    -

    rSwfcsuf

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    119

    ckdifuRJ? Em;Em;? v,fvkyfu&d,mrsm;


    pOf
    7

    8
    9
    10
    11
    12

    trsKd;trnf
    a&pkwfpuf (jynfolykdif)
    a&pkwfpuf (or0g,r)
    a&pkwfpuf (yk*vdu)
    xmfpkH
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    rSwfcsuf

    46
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    131
    19224
    20205

    taerSm jrefrmhpkdufysKd;a&;vkyfief;rS ay;ykdYonfh tajccHudef;*Pef;rsm;t& atmufygtwkdif; jzpfygonf/

    (ps) tif;qufykd;rsm;ESihf tjcm;oD;ESHzsufow0grsm;

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    120

    ykd;owfaq;ESihf "mwfajrMoZmokH;pGJrItajctae
    pOf
    1
    2

    1
    2

    1
    2

    ypnf;trsKd;trnf
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykd;owfaq;
    tif'&if; (19.5)
    tufq&f 50%
    'kdif,mZdd'Gef 40%
    Zifhazmhpfzdwf
    'D'DwD 75%
    atmfvf'&if; 25
    1979-80
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykd;owfaq
    'kdif,gZD'Gef 40%
    'kdifrDu&Gef 50%
    Zifhazmhpfzdwf
    vif'def;yD 130
    'D'DwD 75%
    atmf'&if;
    1980-81
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykd;owfaq;
    atmf'&if; 19.5
    t,fqef 50%
    'kdif,gZD'Gef 40%
    'kdifrDu&Gef 50%
    tdyDtef 45%
    atmf'&if; 5%
    atmf'&if; 2.5
    Zifhazmhpfzdwf

    a&wGufykH

    wef

    wef
    wef

    375.15
    19.85

    *gvH
    *gvH
    *gvH
    aygif
    aygif
    aygif
    wef
    wef

    *gvH
    *gvH
    *gvH
    *gvH
    *gvH
    aygif
    aygif
    aygif

    vDwm aygif rSwfcsuf

    16
    2
    31
    23
    77
    280
    159.81
    11.53

    *gvH
    *gvH
    aygif
    aygif
    aygif
    aygif
    wef
    wef

    *gvH

    11
    6.5
    9
    168
    84
    56
    118
    10
    100
    4
    11
    20
    8

    560
    336
    40

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    121

    ykd;owfaq;ESihf "mwfajrMoZmokH;pGJrItajctae
    pOf
    1

    ypnf;trsKd;trnf
    1981-82
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykd;owfaq;
    tif'&if; 19.5%
    t,fqef 50%
    'kdif,gZD'Gef 40%
    tdDyDtef 45%
    atmf'&if;
    atmf'&if; 2.5%
    'D'DwD 75%
    Zifhazmhpfzdwf
    1982-83
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykdwuf
    ykd;owfaq;
    tif'&if; 20%
    t,fqef 50%
    'kdif,gZD'Gef 40%
    'kdifrDu&Gef 50%
    'D'DwD 75%
    atmf'&if; 5%
    1983-84
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykdwuf
    ykd;owfaq;
    tif'&if; 20%
    'kdif,gZD'Gef 40%
    wDyDtef 45%
    'kdifrDu&Gef 50%

    a&wGufykH

    wef

    wef
    wef

    150
    10

    *gvH
    *gvH
    aygif
    aygif

    *gvH

    vDwm aygif rSSwfcsuf

    6
    8.5
    11
    4.5
    115
    56
    10

    wef
    wef

    689.36
    409
    87.5

    *gvH
    *gvH
    *gvH
    *gvH
    *gvH
    aygif

    wef
    wef
    wef
    *gvH
    *gvH
    *gvH
    *gvH

    12
    11.33
    46
    35
    10
    336

    581
    105
    25
    11
    3
    18
    60

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    122

    ykd;owfaq;ESihf "mwfajrMoZmokH;pGJrItajctae
    pOf
    1

    ypnf;trsKd;trnf
    1984-85
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykdwufpf
    ykd;owfaq;
    tDyDtef 45%
    t,fqef 50%
    'kdifrDu&Gef 50%
    rmvmZD&Gef
    atmf'&if;
    1985-86
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykdwufpf
    ykd;owfaq;
    t,fqef 50%
    atmf'&if
    1986-87
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykdwufpf
    ykd;owfaq;
    tmvfqef 50%
    'kdif,gZD'Gef 40%
    t,fqef 50%
    atmf'&if; 2.5%
    atmf'&if; 5%
    1987-88
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykdwufpf
    ykd;owfaq;
    qlrDoD,Gef 50%
    'kdif,gZD'Gef 40%
    t,fqef 50%
    atmf'&if; 5%

    a&wGufykH

    wef

    wef
    wef
    wef

    537
    100
    34

    *gvH
    *gvH
    *gvH
    *gvH
    aygif
    wef
    wef
    wef

    50
    617
    100
    30
    380
    200
    1449
    587
    217

    *gvH
    *gvH
    aygif
    aygif
    aygif
    wef
    wef
    wef
    *gvH
    *gvH
    aygif
    aygif

    vDwm aygif rSSwfcsuf

    18
    280
    50
    2

    *gvH
    aygif
    wef
    wef
    wef

    *gvH

    100
    160
    18
    60

    80
    150
    700

    667
    248
    49
    60
    100
    40
    1000

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    123

    ykd;owfaq;ESihf "mwfajrMoZmokH;pGJrItajctae
    pOf
    1
    2

    1
    2

    1
    2

    1
    2

    ypnf;trsKd;trnf
    1988-89
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykd;owfaq;
    qlrDoD,Gef 50%
    t,fqef 50%
    atmf'&if; 5%
    1989-90
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykd;owfaq;
    t,fqef 50%
    'kdif,mZdEGef 40%
    1990-91
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykd;owfaq;
    tmvfqef 50%
    qlrDoD,Gef 50%
    'kdif,mZdEGef 40%
    rmvmoD,Gef
    'kdif,mZdEGef 10vD
    wkdrkd&if;
    atmf'&if; 5%
    1991-92
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg
    ykd;owfaq;
    'kdif,gZD'Gef 40%
    qlrDoD,Gef 50%
    wkdrkd&if;
    1992-93
    "mwfajrMoZm
    ,l&D;,m;
    wDqlyg

    a&wGufykH

    wef

    wef
    wef

    495
    1

    vDwm
    vDwm
    aygif
    wef
    wef

    175
    72.8
    2.35
    20
    40
    45.75
    94.6

    vDwm
    vDwm
    vDwm
    vDwm
    vDwm
    aygif
    aygif
    wef
    wef

    20
    60
    91
    1
    224
    15
    56
    444.82
    19.2

    vDwm
    vDwm
    aygif
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    wef

    vDwm aygif rSSwfcsuf

    40
    20

    vDwm
    vDwm
    wef
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    *gvH

    126
    12
    3
    742.97
    125.75

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    124

    ykd;owfaq;ESihf "mwfajrMoZmokH;pGJrItajctae
    pOf
    2

    1
    2

    ypnf;trsKd;trnf
    ykd;owfaq;
    'kdif,mZdEGef 40%
    qlrDoD,Gef 50%
    tDyDtifef 45%
    zifokdtdwf
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    1993-94
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    vDbmkduf

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    125

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    0kdif;tjzpf owfrSwfcJhonf/
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    vuf&Sdtajctaexd wnfaxmifrI? xkwfvkyfjzefYjzL;rIukd atmufygtwkdif; awGU&onf/

    (1) wnfaxmifrItajctae
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    pOf

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    1
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    1990
    1991
    1992

    1993

    opft rsKd; tpm; {&d, m ({u)


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    37
    300
    220
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    atmifj rifo nhf


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    71.10%
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    81.27%
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    127

    (2) xkwfvkyfjzefYjzL;rItajctae
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    128
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    129

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    130
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    1
    2
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    4
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    ar,k-41
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    1963
    1964
    1965
    1985
    1986
    1987
    1988
    1993

    64
    65
    66
    86
    87
    88
    89
    94

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    131

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    132

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    ok&Yd mwGif pDrcH efcY aJG &;nHzh si;f rIaMumihf rMumrDyif ysujf ym;oGm;cJ&h onf/ xkad emuf tm&uefzvkw
    d v
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    ppfrjzpfrDu ppfawGNrdKUwGif &ckdifwkdif;o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;vkyfief;ukd NAdwdoQt&if;&SifukrPD
    (at.tufzf.pD)rS atmufyga&,mOfrsm;ukd tokH;jyKajy;qGJcJhonf/

    tokH; jyKonhfc&D;pOf
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    rkd;ZD
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    - yef;ajrmif;
    1942-ckESpf 'kwd,urmppf jzpfyGm;vmaomtcg jrefrmjynfrS t*FvdyfwkdY qkwfcGmoGm;&m txufyg
    a&,mOf(15)pD;teuf wky&f mG ESifh ykPm ;ESppf ;D uko
    d m tdE,
    d okYd ,laqmifomG ;Ny;D umvu oabFmESifh ckid o
    f abFm
    rSty useaf &,mOfrsm;tm;vk;H epfjrKyyf supf ;D cJ&h onf/ 1945 ckEpS f 'kw,
    d urmppfBu;D Ny;D ptcsed w
    f iG f NAw
    d o
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    f t
    D pd;k &u (Indand Water Transport Board)trnfjzihf atmufygvufuseaf &,mOf(5)pD;ukd ppfawG-

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    138

    bl;oD;awmifvrf;ESihf ppfawG-oHwGJvrf;rsm;wGif tokH;jyKum c&D;onfESihf ukefrsm;ukd ykdYaqmifay;cJhonf/


    oabFmrsm;rSm ZDkd? Zm&m? Zuf-55? Zuf-57? Zuf-63wkdYjzpfMu\/ tvm;wlyif a&Smif'&DukrPDonf
    ppfawGNrdKUwGif ppfrjzpfrDu c&fpf&Sem;? r[mrm,m? paom wpfxyfoabFmi,fokH;pD;jzihf o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;
    vkyfief;ukd (at? tufzf? pD)ukrPDESifhtNydKif ajy;qGJcJh\/
    ppfumvwGif oabFmrsm; epfjrKyyf supf ;D cJ&h onf/ 'kw,
    d urmppfNy;D qk;H Ny;D aemuf &wemyk?H &wemat;
    a&,mOfwkdYjzihf ppfawG? armifawmc&D;pOfukd ajy;qGJcJhonf/
    1946 ckESpfwGif (attufzfpD)ukrPDrS ppftwGif;u tdEd,okdY,laqmifoGm;cJhaom ykPm;oabFmESihf
    wky&f mG oabFmESppf ;D tjyif tdE,
    d rSjznfw
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    d v
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    zGUJ pnf;vku
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    o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;vkyfief;ukd wkd;csJUaqmif&GufcJhonf/
    1953 ckESpf atmufwkdbmv(1)&ufaeYwGif ( at? tufzfpD)ukrPDukd jrefrmEkdifiHtpkd;&u jynfolykdif
    jyKvkyfcJhonf/ xkdYjyif yifv,fa&aMumif; o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;tzGJUonf &ckdifjynfe,f&Sd tm&uefau&D,m
    qif'DudwfrS a&,mOf(9)pD;ukd (1-4-54)aeYwGif jynfolykdif odrf;,lcJhonf/
    1959 ckESpf arv(1)&ufaeYwGif yifv,fa&aMumif; o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;tzGJU(&ckdifwkdif; XmecGJ)ukd
    jynfr&Sd jynfwGif;a&aMumif; o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;tzGJU(y&oz)vufatmufodkY vTJajymif;vkdufonf/
    xkdYaemuf(y&oz)ykdif oabFmrsm;jzihf ppfawG-bl;oD;awmifc&D;pOfukd ykHrSefajy;qGJcJhonf/ rlvu
    avmifpmqD&&Srd t
    I ay: tajccH &ufowwpfywfvQif oabFm&uf(1)&uf? (2)&uf ponfjzihf &Scd \
    hJ / jynfoYl
    aumifpDacwfwGif oabFm&uf(3)&ufjzpfvm\/ oabFm&ufrsm;rSm ppfawGrS bl;oD;awmifodkY wevFm? Ak'[l;?
    aomMumaeYrsm;wGif vma&mufNy;D ? bl;oD;awmifrS ppfawGoYkd t*Fg? Mumoyaw;? paeaeYrsm;wGif jyefxu
    G o
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    &yfem;&ufr&SdbJ aeYpOf pkef-qefajy;qGJay;vsuf&Sdonf/

    bl;oD;awmifoabFmqdyf
    bl;oD;awmifoabFmqdyrf mS rlvu trSw(f 3)&yfuu
    G f (,ck azmifawmfa[mif;)ae&mwGif wnf&cdS \
    hJ /
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    ulbw
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    h / if;pufavSi,f
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    Yd nf;aumif;? c&D;onfEiS hf
    ukefpnfrsm; ykdYaqmifay;Mu\/
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif ,cktcg a&,mOfaygif;(43)pD;&Sd\/
    bl;oD;awmif ppfawGc&D;pOfwiG f oabFmaeYpOfxu
    G v
    f mcJ&h m yk*v
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    d a&,mOfrsm;u c&D;onfyaYdk qmif
    jcif; r&SdawmhbJ aqmufvkyfa&;ypnf;rsm;? ukefpnfrsm;ukd o,fykdYvsuf&SdMu\/
    udk;um;csufrsm;
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    &ckdifjynfe,fjzpfpOforkdif;? wwd,wGJ? pD;yGm;a&;u@?
    2/
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    3/
    awGUqkHar;jref;csufrsm;/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    139
    (c) ukef;vrf;c&D;

    (1) rD;&xm;vrf;
    &ckid jf ynfe,fwiG f j1920 jynfEh pS u
    f rD;&xm;vrf;ukd apDrmwif ac: t*Fvyd u
    f rk P
    rD S azmufvyk af jy;qGJ
    1
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    unifacsmif;xd (2)rkdif? pkpkaygif;(16)rkdif&Snfvsm;onf? rD;&xm;vrf;wGif rD;&xm;blwmokH;ck &Sdonf/
    bl;oD;awmif? armifawm? unifacsmif;jzpfonf/
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    J idk ;f rsm;srmS
    opfom;wGJqkdif;rsm;jzpfonf/
    1926 ckEpS f {Nyv
    D (22)&ufaeYwiG f rkew
    f idk ;f usa&muf armifawmESifh unifacsmif;tMum; &xm;vrf;
    wHwm;rSm ysufpD;oGm;onf/ xkdwHwm;ysufpD;oGm;cJhNyD;aemuf bl;oD;awmifrS armif;awmtxdom oGm;vmEkdif
    onf/ 1928 ckEpS rf wfvcefw
    Y iG f &xm;oHvrf;ESifh ZvDzmwk;H rsm;ukd oufqidk &f mrS jzKw,
    f o
    l mG ;cJNh y;D &xm;vkyif ef;
    ukd ydwfyifvkdufaMumif; od&onf/
    1914-15 ckESpfu t*Fvdyfrsm;onf tdEd,EdkifiHESihf jrefrmEkdifiHukd &xm;vrf;qufoG,f&ef avhvmcJh
    Muonf/ ,if;avhvmcsuft& &xm;vrf;(3)oG,fukd tBuHjyKcJhonf/ if;wkdYrSm ppfwaumif;rSjynf? odkYr[kwf
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    2
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    trSwf(5)&yfuGufrsm;ukd jzwfum trSwf(7)&yfuGuf(,ck oabFmqdyf&Sd&m)okdY oGm;\/

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    um;vrf;tjzpf ajymif;vJokH;pGJcJhonf/ vrf;rSm ,cifu ausmufMurf;vrf;tqifhwGif &SdcJhonf/
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    bl;oDawmif armifawmum;vrf;wGif bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f wHwm;(57)ck&Sdonf/ ,if;wHwm;rsm;\
    wnfae&mrSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/1

    140

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    pOf
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    38

    t rn f
    w Hw m;t r Sw f
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
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    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /

    1^1
    2^1
    3^1
    2^2
    2^2
    3^2
    1^3
    2^3
    3^3
    1^4
    2^4
    3^4
    1^5
    2^5
    3^5
    1^6
    2^6
    3^6
    4^6
    5^6
    6^6
    7^6
    8^6
    8^6
    10^6
    11^6
    12^6
    13^6
    1^7
    2^7
    3^7
    4^7
    5^7
    6^7
    7^7
    8^7
    9^8
    10^10

    w n fa e & m
    0 kdi f
    0^3
    /
    0^6
    /
    0^7
    /
    1^4
    /
    1^6
    /
    1^7
    /
    2^1
    /
    2^4
    /
    2^6
    /
    3^4
    /
    3^5
    /
    3^6
    /
    4^5
    /
    5^0
    /
    5^1
    /
    5^1
    /
    5^2
    /
    5^3
    /
    5^4
    /
    5^5
    /
    5^5
    /
    5^5
    /
    5^5
    /
    5^6
    /
    5^6
    /
    5^7
    /
    6^0
    /
    6^0
    /
    6^1
    /
    6^2
    /
    6^3
    /
    6^3
    /
    6^4
    /
    6^4
    /
    6^7
    /
    6^7
    /
    6^7
    /
    7^0

    r S w f c su f
    t a jc t a e au mi f;
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /

    141

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    pOf
    39
    40
    41
    42
    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    48
    49
    50
    51
    52
    53
    54
    55
    56
    57

    t rn f
    w Hw m;t r Sw f
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /

    11^7
    12^7
    13^7
    1^8
    2^8
    3^8
    4^8
    5^8
    6^8
    7^8
    8^8
    9^8
    10^8
    12^8
    12^8
    13^8
    14^8
    15^1
    16^8

    w n fa e & m
    0 kdi f
    7^0
    /
    7^0
    /
    7^0
    /
    7^1
    /
    7^1
    /
    7^2
    /
    7^2
    /
    7^2
    /
    7^3
    /
    7^3
    /
    7^4
    /
    7^4
    /
    7^4
    /
    7^5
    /
    7^5
    /
    7^6
    /
    8^0
    /
    8^0
    /
    8^0

    r S w f c su f
    t a jc t a e a u mi f;
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /

    vrf;rSm &moDra&G; oGm;vmEdik af omvrf;jzpf&m bl;oD;awmifNrKd UESifh armif;awmNrKd UrS armfawmfum;rsm;


    tcsdefra&G; oGm;vmvQuf &SdMu\/ bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif armfawmf,mOfaygif; (35)pD;&Sdonf/

    (c) bl;oD;awmif? awmifbZmum;vrf;


    vrf;rSm t&Snf(10)rkdif? tus,f(24)ay&Sdaom vlxkvkyftm; yifhqnfzkdYxm;onfh ajrom;vrf;
    jzpfonf/ (4-1-91)aeYu pwifazmufvkyfcJh&m (30-4-94)aeYwGif NyD;pD;cJhonf/ um;vrf; wHwm;BuD;?
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    D mwyf
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    aiGaMu;oufomcJh\/ vrf;ukd &moDra&G; oGm;vmEkdif&ef pDpOfaqmif&Gufvsuf &SdaMumif;od&onf/

    (*) vuf0J'uf-iusOfawmufum;vrf;
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    &So
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    f m;wefb;dk
    aiGusyfoef;aygif;(3.7478)oef; ukefusrnfh aiGaMu;oufomcJhonf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    142

    (C) bkl;oD;awmif-ausmufawmfum;vrf;
    vrf;rSm bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif (33)rkdif (2)zmvkH&SdNyD; vrf;tus,f(24)ayus,f0ef;onfh ajrom;
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    h nf/ um;vrf;wpfavQmuf
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    oGm;Edkif&ef pDpOfvQuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/

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    (C) aMu;eef;
    ppfBuKd acwf? NAw
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    qufo,
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    qufo,
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    (Wireless Telegraph) qufoG,fa&;pepfodkY ul;ajymif;oGm;jcif;jzpf\/
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    ppfawGNrdKUrS bl;oD;awmifodkY qufoG,frI&SdcJhonf/1
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    S qifo
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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    143

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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    144
    tcef;(8)

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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    145

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    146
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    vlru
    I si0fh wfEiS q
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    vmcJ&h onf/ xko
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    xkdusihf0wfrsm;ukd tajccH Oya'jyKrI? w&m;pD&ifrI paom w&m;Oya'rS tajccHvm\/ ajrmufOD;acwfwGif
    tXpwmvDousihf0wfrsm;vnf; &ckdiftrsKd;om;wkdY vkdufem&ef pnf;rsOf;usihf0wfrsm;jzpf\/ r[mynmausmf
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    hf i ;f jym;NrKd U? anmifacsmif;
    NrdKU? iusOfawmufNrdKU? ig;Munf;awmifNrdKUwkdYwGifvnf; NrdKUpm;rsm; toD;oD;cefYtyftkyfcsKyfcJhavonf/

    (c) jrefrmbk&ifrsm;acwf
    c&pf1784 ckESpfwGif tr&yl&jynhf&Sif bkd;awmfrif;u &ckdifjynfe,fukd odrf;ykdufcJh&mrS &ckdifrif;quf
    jywfawmufc&hJ \/ xkaYd emuf bk;d awmfrif;u &ckid jf ynfudk NrKd U0efrsm; ceft
    Y yftyk cf sKycf \
    hJ / tkycf sKyrf t
    I & &ckid jf ynf
    e,fukd 0wDav;&yf ykdif;jcm;owfrSwfcJh&m atmufygtwkdif; awGU&onf/
    (1)
    "n0wD
    ppfawGa'o
    (2)
    'Gm&m0wD
    oHwGJa'o
    (3)
    &rm0wD
    &rf;NAJa'o
    (4)
    arC0wD
    rmefatmifuRef;a'o [ljzpf\/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    147

    0wDav;&yfwiG f NrKd U0efEiS fh NrKd UolBu;D rsm; ceft


    Y yftyk cf sKycf \
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    a'otkyfcsKyfrIukd aqmif&Guf\/ tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmykdif "n0wDNrdKU0eftqufqufrSm(u) eEyusef
    (at'D 1784-1788)
    4ESpf
    (c)
    taemufwkduf0ef
    (at'D 1788-90)
    2ESpf
    (*)
    ykodef0efrif;
    (at'D 1790-93)
    1ESpf
    (C) wkdif;wm;0ef
    (at'D 1791-93)
    2 ESpf
    (i)
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    (at'D 1793-95)
    2ESpf
    (p)
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    (at'D 1795-1813)
    10ESpf
    (q) aemf&xm
    (at'D 1813-19)
    6ESpf
    (Z)
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    3ESpf
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    tjyeftvSef wkdufckduf&mrS NAdwdoQta&SUtdEd,ukrPDtpkd;&ESihf jrefrmrif;wkdY jyemjzpfcJh&\/ xkdudpESihf
    ywfouf jrefrmrl;rwfwkdY aqmif&GufcJh&aom rSwfwrf;&Sdacs\/ ]]rZdra'ooGm;rSwfwrf;}}[k trnfwGif\/
    armifawm&Sirf jzL ppfyrJG S pwif &ckid jf ynfe,fudk t*Fvyd t
    f pk;d &onf usL;ausmcf ahJ v\/ xkaYd Mumihf NrKd U0efrsm;
    ta&;IH;edrfhcH&ojzihf &EykdpmcsKyft& at'D 1826 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dv(26)&ufaeYwGif &ckdifukd t*FvdyfwkdY
    ydkifpkd;cJhav\/2
    xkdYaemuf NrdKU0eftkyfcsKyfrIvnf; tqkH;owfcJh&avonf/

    (*) t*Fvdyfacwf
    at'D (1826)ckESpfrSp weoFm&D tygt0if &ckdifjynfe,fukd t*Fvdyftpkd;&u 0ef&Sifawmrif;BuD;
    ykid ;f av;ykid ;f xm; tkycf sKycf \
    hJ / ta&;awmfyidk f r[m0ef&iS af wmfrif;Bu;D qkv
    d Qif tdE,
    d bk&ifcrH if;\ tmPmukd
    cH,lvsuf tkyfcsKyf&\/ &ckdifjynfe,fonf 0ef&Sifawmfrif;BuD; wpfykdifjzpf tus,ft0ef; pwk&ef;rkdifaygif;
    (14527)&Sdonf/ NrdKUrrSm ppfawGjzpfavonf/ xkdYaMumifh (12-11-1824)ckESpfrSp (3-10-1834)ckESpfxd
    ppfwaumif;NrKd U0ef a&mbwfqiftp *s*D s[
    D mAGt
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    tkyfcsKyfcJhMuonf/ (7)qufajrmuftkyfcsKyf&ol rif;BuD;'dwfodef&Sifonf (1834)ckESpfwGif &ckdifjynfrif;BuD;
    jzpfvm\/ xkdrif;BuD;vufatmufwGif ta&;ykdif? 0efaxmuf? ppfuJ? NrdKUtkyfwkdY tqifhfqifh cefYtyf
    tkyfcsKyfcJhMuavonf/
    &ckdif0ef&Sifawmfrif;BuD;ykdif &ckdifjynfe,fwGif ta&;ykdifrif;ykdif pD&ifpk av;ck&Sd&m (u) ppfawGpD&ifpk?
    (c) &ckdifajrmufykdif;pD&ifpk (*) ausmufjzLpD&ifpk (C) oHwGJpD&ifpk wkdYjzpf\/
    (u) ppfawGpD&ifpkwGif 0efaxmufrif;ykdife,f(4)ck&Sdonf/
    (1) ppfawG (2) NrdKUa[mif; (ajrmufOD;) (3) &aohawmif (4) ewfjrpfwkdY jzpfMuonf/
    (c) &ckid af jrmufyidk ;f pD&ifpw
    k iG f 0efaxmufrif;ykid [
    f
    l &ckid u
    f ek ;f wef;e,fom &So
    d nf/ (ppfu?J NrKd Ue,frif;
    wkdYykdife,fr&Sd)
    (*) ausmufjzLpD&ifpw
    k iG f ta&;ykid rf if;u ausmufjzL? trf;? ajryk[
    H al om ppfuNJ rKd Utkyrf if;ykid f e,fo;Hk ck

    148

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    ukd Mum;u 0efaxmufrxm;bJ tkyfcsKyfpDrHykH&onf/ odkYaomf ausmufjzLpD&ifpkrSmyif &rf;NAJ0efaxmuf? rif;ykdif


    we,f&SdvQif ,if;wGif &rf;NAJ? rmefatmif[laom ppfuJ? NrdKUtkyfrif;wkdYykdif e,fESpfe,f&Sdonf/
    (C) oHwGJpD&ifpkwGif 0efaxmufrif;ykdif[k owfrSwfrxm;bJ ajrmufykdif;NrdKUe,f? taemufykdif;NrdKUe,f?
    tv,fykdif;NrdKUe,f [kppfuJ? NrdKUe,frif;wkdYykdif NrdKUe,fokH;ck&Sdonf/
    (u) (1)
    ppfawG0efaxmufrif;ykdife,fwGif ppfuJ? NrdKUe,frif;ykdife,frsm;rSm ppfawGESihf aus;vufESpfck
    jzpfonf/
    (2)
    NrdKUa[mif;rif; 0efaxmufrif;ykdife,fwGif ppfuJ? NrdKUe,frif;ykdife,frsm;rSm OD;&mZfawmifta&SU
    NrdKUa[mif;? rif;jym;vkH;pkyifjzpf\/
    (3)
    &aohawmif0efaxmufrif; ykdife,fwGif ppfuJ? NrdKUe,frif;wkdYukdife,frsm;rSm OD;&mZfawmif
    taemuf? ukvm;wef? &aohawmifokH;ckjzpfonf/
    (4)
    ewf(iwf)0efaxmufrif;ykdife,fwGif ppfuJNrdKUe,frif;ykdif ewfNrdKUe,fom &Sdonf/1
    xkaYd Mumifh bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fonf &ckid 0f efawmf&iS rf if;Bu;D vufatmuf ppfawGta&;ykid f pD&ifpek ,fwiG f
    yg0ifNyD; 0efaxmufrif;ykdife,fav;ckteuf &aohawmif0efaxmufrif;ykdifeuftwGif; usa&mufcJhav\/
    c&pf1891 ckESpf Zlvkdifv(1)&ufaeYrSpwif 0efaxmufrif;ykdife,fESihf NrdKUtkyfrif;ykdife,frsm;ukd
    atmufygtwkdif; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cJh\/

    e,fy kdi f0 efa xmufy kdi fe ,f


    ppfawG

    kH; pkdu f& ma'o


    ppfawG

    ausmufawmf

    ausmufawmf

    &aohawmif

    &aohawmif

    NrdK Ue,f (Nrd KUykdi fe ,f)


    ppfawG
    aygufawm
    rif;jym;
    ukvm;wef
    NrdKUa[mif;
    OD;&mZfawmif
    &aohawmif
    ewf

    kH; pkd u f& ma'o


    ppfawG
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    ausmufawmf
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    ykPm;uRef;
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    1892 ckEpS w
    f iG f wku
    d t
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    f Bl u;D rsm;ceft
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    1905 ckESpf Zlvkdifv(1)&ufaeYrSp &aohawmife,fykdif0efaxmufykdife,fukd bl;oD;awmife,fykdif
    0efaxmufykdife,fukd rMumrDjyefvnfzGJUpnf;NyD; 1906 ckESpfrSp atmufygtwkdif; ajymif;vJcJhjyef\/

    e,fykdif0efaxmufykdife,f
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    NrdKUe,f (NrdKUykdife,f)
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    ausmufawmf? NrdKUa[mif;
    bl;oD;awmif? armif;awm

    e,fyidk 0f efaxmuf? NrKd Uykid w


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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    149
    (C) *syefacwf

    1942 ckESpfrwfv(23)&ufaeY &ckdifwkdif;NrdKUawmf ppfawGNrdKUukd *syefwkdYpwif tBuD;tus,f AkH;BuJcscJh


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    k ;Hk ukd
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    tzGUJ pdwt
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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    150

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    151

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    152

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    153
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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    154

    xkdpOfu NrdKUe,fppfacgif; OD;pHxGef;atmifrSm jynfolY&Jabmf NrdKUe,fppfacgif;aqmifomru &ckdifwkdif;


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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    155

    qef&&Sad &;twGuf olu,


    dk w
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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    156

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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    157

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    hJ nf/ xkt
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    f bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fonf ar,ke,fjcm;a'o tkycf sKyaf &;umvyifjzpf\/
    awmfveS af &;aumifpo
    D nf jrefrmhq&dk ,
    S v
    f pfvrf;pOfygwDudk xlaxmifc&hJ m &ckid w
    f idk ;f Bu;D Muyfa&;aumfrwD
    wkdif;cGJ(13)ppfawGrS wm0ef&Sdolrsm; BuD;Muyf bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f ygwD0ifavQmufvTmrsm; a&mif;csjcif;?
    t&efygwD0iftjzpf pDppfaxmufcw
    H ifjyjcif;? ygwDrw
    d af qG? ygwDuvyfpnf;rsm; zGUJ pnf;ay;jcif;wku
    Yd kd aqmif&u
    G cf hJ
    onf/
    1965 ckESpf rwfv(23)&ufaeYwGif pnf;kH;a&;rSL; AkdvfBuD; OD;ausmf? twGif;a&;rSL; OD;apmjzLESihf
    ,lepfau'g(3)D; tzGJUom;(2)OD;wkdYjzihf bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f ygwD,lepfukd NrdKUr&yfuGuf a':vSpdefaetdrfwGif
    ,m,DziG v
    hf pS cf o
    hJ nf/ xkad e&m (3)vzGiNfh y;D aemuf aqmufvyk af &;aumfyadk &;&Si;f ykid f wnf;ck&d yd o
    f mokaYd jymif;a&TU
    cJhonf/ wnf;ckd&dyfom (9)vMumcJh\/
    xkaYd emuf pnf;k;H a&;rSL; Akv
    d Bf u;D OD;ausmrf mS armifawmNrKd Ue,fov
    Ydk nf;aumif;? twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;apmjzLrSm
    &aohawmifNrKd Ue,fov
    Ykd nf;aumif;? ygwDwm0eft& ajymif;a&TUoGm;Mu&onf/ bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f ygwD,el pfwiG f
    pnf;kH;a&;rSL; AkdvfBuD;atmifjzL? ygwDa&;&mrSL; ,lepfau'g(5)OD;? ygwDpma&;(2)OD;? ,mOfarmif;(1)OD;? kH;tul
    (1)OD;jzihf ygwDvkyfief;rsm;ukd aqmif&GufcJhMuavonf/
    1966 ckEpS f pufwifbmvwGif Akv
    d Bf u;D atmifjzL OD;aqmif NrKd Ue,fygwD,el pf;Hk ukd aqmufvyk cf o
    hJ nf/
    NrKd Ue,fygwD,el pfwiG f Akv
    d Bf u;D atmifjzL OuX? twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;ausmo
    f mxGe;f ? ygwDa&;&mrSL; OD;pk;d 0if; ygwD,el pf
    au'g(3)OD;? k;H tky(f 1)OD;? ygwDpma&;(1)OD;? ,mOfarmif;(1)OD;? k;H tul (1)OD;wkjYd zihf vkyif ef;aqmif&u
    G cf MhJ uonf/
    bl;oDawmifNrdKUe,fESihf tkyfcsKyfrIaumfrwDtqufqufrSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/

    (1)
    (2)
    (3)
    (4)

    (u)
    (c)
    (u)
    (c)
    (u)
    (c)
    (u)
    (c)
    (*)
    (C)
    (i)

    AkdvfBuD;jrifhaqG
    OD;atmifrkd; (axG^tkyf)
    AkdvfBuD;armifaomif;
    OD;atmifwkd;
    AkdvfBuD;csrf;Nidrf;
    OD;atmifpdefxGef;(axG^tkyf)
    AkdvfBuD;armifarmif
    OD;atmifpdefxGef;(axG^tkyf)
    OD;armifa, (ukefoG,fv,f,m)
    OD;armiffkdOD; (&Gmr)
    OD;jromxGef; (&Jxmemtkyf tNidrf;pm;)

    OuX
    twGif;a&;rSSL;
    OuX
    twGif;a&;rSSL;
    OuX
    twGif;a&;rSSL;
    OuX
    twGif;a&;rSSL;
    tzGJU0if
    /
    /

    (n) jynfolYaumifpDacwf
    1974 ckEpS w
    f iG f zGUJ pnf;ykH tajccHOya'jyXmef;cJ&h m Oya' ckid t
    f qifu
    h dk zsuo
    f rd ;f cJo
    h nf/ &ckid w
    f idk ;f ukd
    &ckid jf ynfe,ftjzpf owfrw
    S cf \
    hJ / bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fudk &yfuu
    G (f 7)ck? aus;&Gmtkypf (k 78)tkypf jk zihf zGUJ pnf;cJo
    h nf/
    1974 ckESpf yxrtBudrf jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf jynfolYaumifpDtqifhqifh oufwrf;umvwGif
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f ygwD,lepfukd atmufygtwkdif; zGJUpnf;cJhonf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6

    AkdvfBuD;baxG;
    OD;xGef;atmifjzL
    OD;ausmfpdef
    OD;bk;d xGef;OD;
    OD;armifpdefjzL
    OD;ausmfomEk

    164
    OuX
    twGif;a&;rSSL;
    aumfrwD0if
    /
    /
    t&efaumfrwD

    tmPmykdiftzGJUtpnf; (3)&yfrSmvnf; ygwDpnf;urf;t& ta&;,lcH&ojzihf Mum;jzwfa&G;cs,f


    wifajrmufcJh&onf/
    bll;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f ygwDpnf;kH;a&;aumfrwDwGif atmufygtwkdif; ajymif;vJzGJUpnf;cJhonf/

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    OD;bOD;
    OD;at;vSjzL
    OD;eDatmifausmf
    OD;rmrufa&SmfzD
    OD;aqGa,mhaemfbD

    OuX
    twGif;a&;rSSL;
    aumfrwD0if
    /
    /

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpDtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU
    OFD;a&TZHatmiff (rdkufcJ)
    OuX
    OD;ausmfom
    twGif;a&;rSSL;
    OD;xGef;,Of
    tzGJU0if
    OD;qlvwefarmifarmif
    /
    OD;armifpdefxGef;
    /

    1
    2
    3

    Nr dK Ue , f w & m ;o l B u D ; t z G JU
    OD; o mEkdYa t mif
    OD; b kd; pde fO D;
    OD; armi f kdO D;

    Ou X
    t zGJU 0if
    /

    1
    2
    3

    Nr dK Ue , f v k y f i e f; p p f a q ;a & ;t z G J
    OD; OD; x Ge f; v S
    OD; x Ge f; pde f
    OD; armi fo my Gi fh

    Ou X
    t zGJU 0if
    /

    xku
    d mvtwGi;f jynfov
    Yl w
    T af wmfu,
    dk pf m;vS,rf sm;rSm OD;tblv[
    f al qmif;ESifh OD;baxG;wkYd jzpfMuonf/
    xkdYjyif jynfe,fjynfolYaumifpD0if(7)ae&m? NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpD0if(55)ae&m? &yfuGufaus;&Gmtkyfpk jynfolY
    aumifpD0if(623)ae&mukd a&G;aumufwifajrmufEkdifcJhonf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    165

    1978 ckESpf 'kwd,tBudrf jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf jynfolYaumifpDoufwrf;wGif NrdKUe,fygwD,lepfukd


    atmufygtwkdif; a&G;cs,fwifajrmufcJhMu\/

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    OD;bOD;
    OD;at;vSjzL
    OD;a*sm*sD
    OD;atmifausmfOD;
    OD;xGef;omvS

    OuX
    twGif;a&;rSL;
    aumfrwD0if
    /
    /

    NrdKUe,ftmPmykdiftzGJUtpnf; (3)&yfrSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf/

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7

    NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpDtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU
    OD;atmifBuD;
    OuX
    OD;pHodef;atmif
    twGif;a&;rSL;
    OD;odef;armif
    tzGJU0if
    OD;OD;apmvS
    /
    OD;xGD;atmifjzL
    /
    OD;armifpHausmf
    /
    OD;ausmfoef;
    /

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    NrdKUe,fw &m;olBuD;tzGJU
    OD;ausmfxGEf;&SD
    OD;bNrdKif
    OD;bkd;pdefOD;
    OD;a0pdef
    OD;armifjzLoD;

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    NrdKUe,fvky fi ef; ppfaq;a&;tzGJU


    OD;pHa&Tarmif
    OuX
    OD;wifatmif
    tzGUJ 0if
    OD;ausmf0if;
    tzGJU0if
    OD;vGef;armif
    /
    OD;armiffausmfodef;
    /

    OuX
    tzGJU0if
    tzGJU0if
    /
    /

    NrKd Ue,fygwD,el pfrmS ygwDpnf;k;H a&;aumfrwDtjzpf owfrw


    S cf &H ojzihf atmufygpnf;k;H a&;aumfrwDudk
    zGJUpnf;cJh&onf/
    1 OD;apmodef;
    OuX
    2 OD;barmif
    twGif;a&;rSL;
    3 OD;xGef;omvS
    aumfrwD0if
    4 OD;txGef;
    aumfrwD0if
    5 OD;usefarmif
    /

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    166

    xku
    d mvtwGi;f jynfov
    Yl w
    T af wmfu,
    dk pf m;vS,rf sm;rSm OD;apmode;f ESihf OD;vSausmaf tmifwYdk jzpfMuonf/
    jynfe,fjynfolYaumifpD(7)ae&m? NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpD (95)ae&m? &yfuGufaus;&Gmtkyfpk jynfolYaumifpD
    (772)ae&m a&G;cs,fwifajrmufEdkifcJhonf/
    1981 ckEpS f wwd,tBurd f jynfov
    Yl w
    T af wmfEiS fh jynfoaYl umifpt
    D qifq
    h ifh oufwrf;umvwGif NrKd Ue,f
    ygwD,lepfukd atmufygtwkdif; a&G;cs,fwifajrmufEkdifcJhonf/
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    OD;apmodef;
    OuX
    OD;barmif
    twGif;a&;rSL;
    OD;xGef;omvS
    aumfrwD0if
    OD;usefarmif
    /
    OD;txGef;
    /
    OD;apmodef;rSm ygwDpnf;urf;t& ta&;,lcH&ojzihf atmufygtwkdif; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cJh&onf/OD;barmif
    OuX
    OD;xGef;omvS
    twGif;a&;rSL;
    OD;usefarmif
    aumfrwD0if
    OD;txGef;
    /
    OD;pHa&Tabmf
    /

    tmPmykdiftzGJUtpn;f(3)&yfrSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfygonf/

    NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpDtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU
    1 OD;pHa&Tarmif
    OuX
    2 OD;armifpHausmf
    twGif;a&;rSL;
    3 OD;armifjzLoD;
    tzGJU0if
    4 OD;armifjrom
    /
    5 OD;odef;armif
    /
    6 OD;wifatmif
    /
    7 OD;ausmfjratmif
    /
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    NrdKUe,fw &m;olBuD;tzGJU
    OD;vSatmif
    OD;ausmfom
    OD;vGef;armif
    OD;armifausmfodef;
    OD;a0pdef

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    NrdKUe,fvky fi ef; ppfaq;a&;tzGJU


    OD;atmifausmfOD;
    OuX
    OD;pHatmifausmf
    tzGJU0if
    OD;atmiffxGef;a0
    /
    OD;bNrddKif
    /
    OD;armifapmOD;
    /

    OuX
    tzGJU0if
    /
    /
    /

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    167

    jynfov
    Yl w
    G af wmfu,
    dk pf m;vS,rf sm;rSm OD;apmode;f ESifh OD;vSjzLwkjYd zpfMuonf/ OD;apmode;f rSm ygwDpnf;urf;
    t& ta&;,lcH&NyD;aemuf AkdvfrSL;BuD;aumif;vSjzLtm; Mum;jzwfa&G;cs,fwifajrmufcJhonf/ jynfe,f
    jynfolYaumifpD0if (6)ae&m? NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpD0if (103)ae&m? &yfuGufaus;&Gmtkyfpk jynfolYaumifpD
    0if (875)OD;wkdYukd a&G;cs,fwifajrmufEkdifcJhonf/
    OD;vSjzLoH uG,v
    f eG o
    f mG ;ojzihf a'gufwmat;xGe;f tm; jynfov
    Yl w
    T af wmfu,
    dk pf m;vS,t
    f jzpf Mum;jzwf
    a&G;cs,fwifajrmufcJh&onf/
    1985 ckESpf pwkwtBudrf jynfolYvTGwfawmfESihf jynfolYaumifpDoufwrf;wGif bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f
    ygwD,lepfukd atmufygtwkdif; a&G;cs,fcJhonf/
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    OD;barmif
    OD;xGef;omvS
    OD;usefarmif
    OD;txGef;
    OD;pHa&Tabmf

    OuX
    twGif;a&;rSL;
    aumfrwD0if
    /
    /

    tmPmykdiftzGJUtpnf;(3)&yfrSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfMuonf/

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7

    NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpDtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU
    AkdvfrSL;ausmfomxGef;
    OuX
    OD;armifpHausmf
    twGif;a&;rSL;
    OD;ausmfpdefarmif
    tzGJU0if
    OD;armiffjrom
    /
    OD;armifjzLoD;
    /
    OD;vSaxG;
    /
    OD;armifpdefxGef;^OD;armifOD;om
    /
    NrdKUe,fw &m;olB uD; tzGJU

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    OD;vSatmif
    OD;armifat;xGef;
    OD;ausmfjratmif
    OD;armifxGef;jzL
    OD;ausmfjratmif

    OuX
    tzGJU0if
    /
    /
    /

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    NrdKUe,fv ky fi ef; ppfaq;a&;tzGJU


    OD;atmifausmfOD;
    OD;armifodef;GefY
    OD;ausmfom
    OD;armifapmOD;
    OD;OD;xGe;f ,Of

    OuX
    tzGJU0if
    /
    /
    /

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    168

    NrKd Ue,fygwD,el pfOuX OD;barmifrmS ygwDpnf;urf;t& ta&;,lc&H ojzihf atmufygtwkid ;f jyefvnfzUJG


    pnf;cJh&onf/

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    OD;xGef;omvS
    OD;usefarmif
    OD;txGef;
    OD;pHa&Tabmf
    Oda;rmifpdefxGef;

    OuX
    twGif;a&;rSL;
    aumfrwD0if
    /
    /

    xku
    d mvtwGi;f jynfov
    Yl w
    T af wmfu,
    dk pf m;vS,rf sm;rSm OD;barmifEiS fh a'gufwmat;xGe;f wkYd jzpfMuonf?
    OD;barmifrmS ygwDpnf;urf;t& ta&;,lc&H NyaD emuf if;ae&mwGif Akv
    d rf LS ;Bu;D omxGe;f at;(av)tm; Mum;jzwf
    a&G;cs,w
    f ifajrm ufc&hJ onf/ jynfe,fjynfoaYl umifp(D 6)ae&m? NrKd Ue,fjynfoaYl umifpD (103)ae&m aus;&Gmtkypf k
    jynfolYaumifpD(875)ae&m a&G;cs,fwifajrmufEkdifcJhonf/
    pwkwt
    Burd f jynfoaYl umifpD oufwrf;umv 1988-ckEpS f ta&mufwiG f Ekid if w
    H 0Se;f vk;H ta&;tcif;
    ay:aygufcJh&m-(18-9-88)aeYwGif EkdifiHawmftmPmukd AkdvfcsKyfBuD;apmarmif OD;aqmifaom wyfrawmfrS
    xdef;odrf;cJhonf/
    xkaYd emuf Ekid if aH wmfNird 0f yfyjd ym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGUJ \ (18-9-88)&ufpyJG g aMunmcsut
    f rSw(f 2^88)
    t& A[d(k 2^88)t& A[kEd iS afh 'oqkid &f mtmPmykid t
    f zGUJ tpnf;rsm;ukd zsuo
    f rd ;f vku
    d &f m wGif jynfoaYl umifpD
    acwf tqkH;owfcJh&ygonf/
    ukd;um;csufrsm;
    1/
    bl;oDawmifNrdKUe,f ygwD,lepf\ 29-1-1971 aeYu rsufESmpkHnDtpnf;ta0;odkY wifoGif;onfh
    pnf;kH;a&;tpD&ifcHpm/
    2/
    bl;oDawmifNrdKUe,frSwfwrf; (NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpD tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU)(1981)ckESpf/
    3/
    ,cifNrdKUe,fygwD,lepftwGif;a&;rSL; OD;usefarmifESihf awGUqkHar;jref;csufrsm;ESihf if;\ukd,fykdif
    rSwfpkrsm;/

    169
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    (#) EkdifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJUacwf
    EkdifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJUonf EkdifiHawmf\tmPmt&yf&yfukd vkH;0wm0ef,lxm;
    onfh tm;avsmfpGm jynfe,f^wkdif;ESihf NrdKUe,frsm;wGif w&m;Oya'pdk;rkd;a&;? e,fajrat;csrf;om,ma&;?
    vrf;yef;qufo,
    G rf I vkNH cKH acsmarGUapa&;? jynforl sm;\ pm;0wfaea&; acsmifvnfapa&;wku
    Yd dk aqmif&u
    G Ef idk &f ef
    jynfe,f^wkid ;f Nird 0f yfyjd ym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGUJ ESifh NrKd Ue,f Nird 0f yfyjd ym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGUJ rsm;ukd jynfe,f
    wkid ;f ESihf NrKd Ue,ftoD;oD;wGif zGUJ pnf;aMumif; Ekid if aH wmfNird 0f yfyjd ym;rI wnfaqmufa&;tzGUJ aMunmtrSwf 5^88
    ukd (20-9-88)aeYwGif xkwfjyefcJhygonf/
    ,if;aMunmcsuftrSwf 5^88tykd'f 1? tykd'fcGJ(c)wGif atmufygtwkdif; awGU&ygonf/

    1
    2
    3
    4

    NrdKUe,fNidr f0 yfy djym;rIw nfaqmufa&;tzGJU


    wyfrawmft&m&Sd
    OuX
    NrdKUe,ftaxGaxGOD;pD;XmerSL;
    tzGJU0if
    NrdKUe,ffjynfolY&JwyfzGJUrSL;
    /
    OuXu wm0efay;tyfol
    twGif;a&;rSL;

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif wm0ef,lcJhMuaom NrdKUe,fNidrf0yfydjym;rI wnfaqmufa&;tzGJU wyfrawmf


    t&m&Sdu OuXtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonfhumvukd atmufygtwkdif; awGU&ygonf/

    bll; oD; awmifNrdKUe,fNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJU


    (u) AkdvfrSL;armifat;
    OuX
    (c) OD;csKdxGef; (axG^tkyf)
    tzGJU0if
    (*) OD;0ifarmif(y^&)_
    /
    (C) OD;cifarmif(axG^tkyfOD;pD;)
    twGif;a&;rSL;
    (u) AkdvfrSL;ausmfomxGef;
    OuX
    (c) OD;csKdxGef;
    tzGJU0if
    (*) OD;0if;armif
    /
    (C) OD;ompddef (axG^tkyf'kOD;pD;)
    twGif;a&;rSL;
    (u) AkdvfrSL;azqef;
    OuX
    (c) OD;csKdxGEf;^OD;cifkd
    tzGJU0if
    (*) O?D;0if;armif^OD;cifarmifjrifh
    /
    (C) OD;ompdef
    twGif;a&;rSL;
    (u) AkdvfrSL;at;ukd
    OuX
    (c) OD;cifkd
    tzGJU0if
    (*) OD;cifarmifjrifh
    /
    (C) OD;OD;ompdef
    twGif;a&;rSL;
    (u) AkdvfrSL;wifhvGifvwf
    OuX
    (c) OD;cifkd^O?D;atmifpkd;
    tzGJU0if
    (*) OD;ciffarmifjrihf
    /
    (C) OD;ompddef
    twGif;a&;rSL;

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    (u)
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    Burma Gazetteer Akyab District Volume A
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    64
    65
    66
    67
    68
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    964
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    179

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    ygonf/ if;wkdYrSm-

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8

    bl;oD;awmiful;wkd;
    OD;vSazul;wkd;
    pkdif;'iful;wkd;
    pkdif;'iful;wkd;
    azmifawmfjyiful;wkd;
    awmifbZmul;wkd;
    bkldBuD;acsmif;ul;wkd;
    jyifvSul;wkd; wkdYjzpfygonf/

    (Z) taygifqkdifvkyfief;
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f pnfyifom,ma&;tzGUJ ykid f taygifqidk (f 3)ck&&dS m ESppf Ofaps;NyKd ipf epfjzihf avvHwif
    a&mif;csavh&Sdygonf/ ,if;wkdYrSm(1)
    NrdKUrtaygifqkdif
    (2)
    awmifbZmtaygifqkdif
    (3)
    zk
    H v
    dk yd t
    f aygifqidk w
    f jYdk zpfMu\/ taygifqidk v
    f yk if ef;ukd owfrw
    S x
    f m;aom pnfurf;rsm;ESit
    fh nD
    aqmif&GufrI&Sd^r&Sd tcgtm;avsmfpGm a&Smifwcif 0ifa&mufppfaq;avh &Sdygonf/

    (ps) taES;,mOfBuD;Muyfxdef;odrf;a&;vkyfief;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif taES;,mOftjzpf qkdum;rsm;om oGm;ygonf/ tqkdyg qkdum;rsm;ukd jynfxJ
    a&;ESifh omoema&;0efBu;D Xme\ 1980jynhEf pS f Zlvidk v
    f 8 &ufaeYpjJG zihf xkwjf yefxm;aom bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f
    pnfyifom,ma&;e,ferdwftwGif; tiSm;ajy;qGJonfh qkdum;,mOfrsm;ukd BuD;MuyfpDrHcefYcGJ&ef pnfurf;rsm;jzihf
    BuD ; Muyf v suf & S d o nf / pnf ; urf ; rvk d u f e maom qk d u m ;rsm;uk d pnf y if o m,ma&;tzG J U Oya't&
    ta&;,laqmif&Gufvsuf &Sdygonf/ ,ckvuf&Sdqkdum;,mOfrSm 120 pD;&Sd eif;olrSm 130 OD; &Sdygonf/

    (n) wnf;ckdcef;rsm; zGihfvSpfjcif;wkdY BuD;Muyfjcif;/


    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f pnfyifom,ma&;e,ferd w
    d t
    f wGi;f wnf;ckcd ef;rsm; zGiv
    fh pS jf cif;? Bu;D Muyfjcif;twGRuf
    pnf;urf;a&;qGjJ cif; r&Sad o;aomfvnf; NrKd U\vkt
    d yfcsut
    f & wnf;ckcd ef;rsm; zGiv
    fh pS cf iG jfh yKxm;ygonf/ ,ckvuf&dS
    zGifhvSpfcGihfjyKxm;onfh wnf;ckdcef;(4)ck&Sd&m if;wkdYrSm

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    (1)
    (2)
    (3)
    (4)

    184

    Ekdifwnf;ckdcef;
    ]odef;}wnf;ckdcef;
    yef;pyg,fwnf;ckdcef;
    rdom;pkwnf;ckdcef; wkdYjzpfygonf/

    tcGefpnf;MuyfaumufcHjcif;vkyfief;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f pnfyifom,ma&;tzGJUrS atmufygtcGeftcrsm;ukd pnf;MuyfaumufcHvsuf
    &Sdygonf/
    (u) bD;cGef
    (c)
    bD;aumuf? aps;aumuf? om;owfaumuf
    (*)
    apsqkdifcef;rsm; iSm;&rf;c? ajrESihftaqmufiSm;&rf;c taygifqkdif? ul;wkd;pm;aomufqkdif/
    (C) om;owfvkyfief;wkdY jzpfMuonf/
    ukd; um;csuf
    NrdKUe,fpnfyifom,ma&;tzGJU bll;oD;awmifNrdKU\vkyfief;rSwfwrf;rsm;/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    185
    tcef;(12)

    ynma&;
    &ckdifjynfe,fonf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif a&S;OD;pGm Ak'bmomxGef;um;aom a'ojzpfcJhonf/ yk*Hacwfrwkdif
    rSDuyiff &ckdifjynfe,f pmayta&;tom; ay:aygufcJhonf/ yk*HjynfokdY jrefrmtu&mpmayrsm;ukd
    &ckdifuwoG,f? oxkHrSwpfaMumif; ,laqmifvmcJhonf/1 xkdYaMumifh &cdkdifjynfe,fwGif Ak'bmomomoemESihf
    pmay,Ofaus;rIwo
    Ydk nf oa&acw&m? ok0PbrHk ad cwfwEYdk iS fh acwfNyKd iaf omfvnf;aumif;? xkad cwfrsm;xufapm
    vnf;aumif; xGef;um;cJhaMumif; awGU&onf/
    a&S;u &ckid jf ynf\ pmwwfajrmufrEI eI ;f rSm (1825)ckEpS rf wkid rf ESD iS fh (1826 rS 1885)ckEpS t
    f Mum; umv
    rsm;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHaomfvnf;aumif;? ta&SUawmiftm&Saomfvnf;aumif; xdyfqkH;rS aecJhonf/2
    jrefrmEdik if H xD;NyKd ief ef;NyKd ib
    f &k ifrsm;acwfwiG f bke;f Bu;D ausmif;ynma&;pepfEiS fh rsm;pGmruGmjcm;vSay/
    bke;f awmfBu;D ausmif;rsm;onf us,0f ef;aom taqmuftOD;ESifh ypn;f yp,pkv
    H ifaomaMumihf ausmif;om;rsm;
    ukd vufcHoifMum;EkdifcJhonf/ xkdacwftcgu rif;rIxrf;rsm;ESihf toufarG;0rf;aMumif; vkyfief;rsm;twGuf
    bkef;BuD;ausmif;ynma&;ESihf vkHavmufonf/ oifMum;ay;onfh bmom&yfrSm ta&;? tzwf? twGuf tajccH
    ynm? avmukw& mpmay? avmuDynm&yfrsm; jzpfcahJ yonf/ tajccHynm oifyek ;f Bu;D ? r*Fvmokw?f y&dwBf u;D ?
    eru&matmifjcif;&Spfyg; ponfhbmoma&; pmayrsm;? vlYavmu qkH;rpmrsm;? avmuedwd? &mZedwdpaom
    usrf;*efrsm;txd oifMum;ay;cJhonf/ avmukw&mpmay o'g? oN*Kj[f? okwf? 0denf;? tbd"rmusrf;rsm;?
    uAsmvuFm? tbd"gef ponfwkdYjzpf\/ avmuDynm&yfrsm;wGif aq;usrf;? aA'ifusrf;? *Pef;usrf;ESihf vufrI
    ynm&yfrsm;? EIwfrIynm&yfrsm;ukd oifMum;ay;onf/
    c&pf(1826)ckEpS f t*Fvyd ?f jrefrmyxrppfyt
    JG Ny;D &ckid jf ynfe,fonf NAw
    d o
    d QvufatmufoYkd usa&mufchJ
    &onf/ xkdtcsdefrSp ukdvkdeDtkyfcsKyfa&;pepfukd taxmuftuljyKonfh ynma&;pepf ay:aygufcJhonf/
    xkdtcsdefu NrdKUrsm;wGif omru aus;&Gmrsm;wGifyg twef;ausmif; ( )ukd wnfaxmifcJhonf/ bkef;awmfBuD;
    ausmif;rsm;wGiv
    f nf; ukv
    d edk yD nma&;oif;dk rmwdumukd vufco
    H nfah usmif;wGif atmifcsupf epf ( )ukd usio
    fh ;Hk ap
    jcif;jzihf bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm;okdY qGrf;? uGrf;axmufyHhcJhonf/ okdY&mwGif a&&SnfrESpfoufMuaomaMumihf
    bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm;wGif twef;ynmoifMum;rI qdwfokOf;oGm;onf/
    aus;&Gmrsm;&Sd twef;ausmif;wGif atmifcsufpepfukd usihfokH;cJhonf/ atmifcsufpepfqkdonfrSm
    ausmif;om;rsm; e,fvSnhfq&mu vma&mufppfaq; tatmifay;aompepfjzpfonf/ ppfaq;atmifjrif
    aom ausmif;om;OD;a&ukrd w
    l nf twef;vku
    d f wynhOf ;D a&ESifh owfrw
    S Nf y;D oifjyaom q&mtm; axmufyahH y;
    onf/ ,if;pepfonf yDawm'eftrnf&ydS *k Kd vt
    f m; ynmrif;Bu;D pwifcefo
    Y nftcg ysujf ym;oGm;onf/ xkad emuf
    Xmepepf( )ay:aygufvmum ynmrif;BuD; ( )vnf; cefYxm;cJhonf/ xkdtcsdefrSp ausmif;rsm;ukd (1)
    t*Fvyd pf moifausmif; (2) t*Fvyd -f jrefrmpmoifausmif;? (3)wdik ;f &if;bmomausmif;[l cGjJ cm;zGiv
    fh pS cf o
    hJ nf/
    c&pf (1907)ckEpS w
    f iG f bl;oD;awmifNrKd Uay: jrefrmpmoif rlvwef;ausmif;wpfausmif;ukd zGiv
    fh pS Ef idk cf hJ
    onf/ xkad usmif;r&Srd u
    DS q&mBu;D OD;olawmfjzL\&Gmausmif;(tdraf usmif;) ynmoifMum;Mu&onf/ OD;olawmf
    jzL ausmif;zGifhvSpfcJhonfhae&mrSm (,cktrSwf 3-&yfuGuf OD;armifjzLBuD;aetdrf&mwGif jzpfonf/1
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUay:wGif (1909)ckESpf {NyDv(1)&ufaeYwGif ( )ac: pHjyausmif;ukd zGifhvSpfcJhonf/
    xkdYtjyif trSwf(7)&yfuGuf awmifukef;ay: r,foDv&ifausmif;wpfckvnf; zGihfvSpfcJhonf/ ,if;ausmif;rSm
    (10)ESpfausmfMumNyD;aemuf rD;avmif ysufpD;cJh&onf/ 2 (1912)ckESpfwGif pdefYtefuGefAihf (St.& Convent) t*Fvdyfjrefrmtv,fwef;ausmif;wpfausmif;ukd c&pf,efomoemjyKtzGJUrS wnfaxmifcJhonf/3
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUtjzpf owfrSwfaomtcg (7)wef;txd ynmoifMum;Ekdifaom tv,fwef;ausmif;wpfckukd
    zGihfvSpfNyD;jzpfonf/ ,if;ausmif;taqmuftOD;rSm trSwf(3)&yfuGuf (,ck jrefrmhpkdufysKd;a&;vkyfief;)teD;
    ajrae&mwGif jzpfonf? tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ppfBudKacwfu ausmif;om;tawmftoifh wkd;wufaeNyD;
    jzpfaMumif;awGU&onf/ tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ppfBudKacwfu ausmif;om;tawmftoifhwkd;wufaeNyD;

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    186

    jzpfaMumif; awGU&onf/ (1940-41)ckESpfcefYwGif ausmif;om;(300)txd wkd;wufvm/ odkY&mwGif b*FvDvlrsKd;


    ausmif;om;rsm;teuf xkdacwfu ynmoifMum;zl;olrsm;rSm atmufygausmif;om;rsm;om jzpfMuonf/
    (1)
    &Semrsm; (uusbuf&Gm) aexkdifcJhol
    (2)
    tmrDwlaqmif;(bukd;em;&Gm) aexkdifcJhol
    (3)
    &Smavmrf(vuf0'ufjyif&Snf&Gm) aexkdifcJhol
    (4)
    t'l[mvdrf(vuf0J'ufjyif&Snf&Gm) aexkdifcJhol
    (5)
    a&SmfzDa&mfref(wyfrsif;acsmif;&Gm)aexdkifcJhol
    (6)
    aqGwmabmf(wyfrif;acsmif;&Gm) aexkdifcJhol
    (7)
    rqd'D(wyfrif;acsmif;&Gm) aexkdifcJhol
    (8)
    umvm(eef;&mukef;&Gm) aexkdifcJhol
    (9)
    rlZmazmh&f(i&efYacsmif;&Gm) aexkdifcJhol
    (10) trnfrrSwfrdol (1)OD;? (cGqkH&Gm)wGif aexkdifcJholwkdYom jzpfaMumif; awGU&\/
    xkt
    d csed u
    f ausmif;tkyq
    f &mBu;D rSm OD;vSxeG ;f OD;jzpfonf/ t*Fvyd -f jrefrmESpb
    f momoifausmif;jzpf&m
    t*Fvyd pf mukd OD;ausmv
    f OS ;D u oifjyonf/ q&mpkpak ygif; (9)OD;&SNd y;D twef;wpfwef;vQif q&mwpfO;D us oifjy
    onf/ t*Fvdyfpmjyq&mrSm oli,fwef;rSp twef;wkdif;wGif jyo&onf/ xkdausmif;taqmuftOD;onf
    'kwd,urmppfaMumifh ysufpD;cJh&\/
    ppfNyD;acwfrwkdifrDu bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif wnf&SdcJhaom tpkd;&rlvwef;ausmif;rsm;rS Mumkdjyif
    rlvwef;ausmif;? oydwaf wmif rlvwef;ausmif;wkYd jzpfMuonf/ (1941-42 )ckEpS w
    f iG f Mumkjd yifrv
    l wef;ausmif;
    1
    ukd tv,fwef;ausmif;tjzpf wkd;jrifhcJhonf/
    jrefrmEdkifiH vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf bl;oD;awmifNrdKUay:wGif tv,fwef;ausmif;tqifhyifr&Sd jzpfcJh
    onf/ xkdpOfu ausmif;zGihfvSpfcJhonfhae&mrSm uusbufuHjyifaus;&GmteD; armifeD&Gmawmifukef;ay:wGif
    jzpfonf/ xkdausmif;&Sd ausmif;om;tm;vkH;vkdvkdrSm b*FvDvlrsKd;rsm; jzpfcJhonf/ xkdYaemufykdif;wGif EdkifiHa&;
    acgif;aqmif OD;pHxeG ;f atmifEiS hf ausmif;q&mBu;D rsm;jzpfaom OD;vSxeG ;f OD;? OD;omxGe;f atmifw\
    Ydk pDpOfraI Mumifh
    bl;oD;awmif NrKd Uay:wGif rlvwef;ausmif;wpfausmif; jyefvnfziG v
    fh pS Ef idk cf o
    hJ nf/ xkpd Ofu ausmif;wnf&cdS o
    hJ nfh
    ae&mrSm bl;oD;awmifNrKd U trSw(f 2)&yfuu
    G f (,ck c0wk;H a&SU vrf;wpfbufrS &Jwef;vsm;vlaetdrrf sm; wnf&&dS m
    xef;yifatmuf)ae&mwGifjzpf\/ taqmuftOD;rSm ,m,DtaqmuftOD;omjzpf\/ ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;rSm
    OD;aqGa,mhtmrwfjzpfonf/ tv,fwef;jyq&mrsm;rSm OD;armifarmifBuD;? OD;umqdrf;? OD;bOD; OD;OD;omxGef;wkdY
    jzpfMuonf/ rlvwef;jyq&mrsm;rSm OD;armifbef;? OD;pdeaf tmifausm?f OD;bk;d cif? OD;armifausmcf idk Ef iS fh a':apmomwkYd
    jzpfMuonf/
    xkaYd emuf if;ausmif;ukd rlvu tv,fwef;ausmif;wnf&cdS &hJ mae&modYk ajymif;a&TUcJjh yefonf/ jyefvnf
    aqmufvyk af om taqmuftOD;rSm ajrwkid ?f 0g;x&Hum opfom;wkid jf zpfonf/ taqmifo;Hk ck&\
    dS / pmoifaqmif
    ESpfckrSm t*Fvdyftu&m (tkdif)ykHoPmef&Sdonf/ ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD; kH;cef;rSm t*Fvdyftu&m(wD)ykHoPmef
    &Sdonf/
    (1952)ckESpfta&mufwGif xkdausmif;ukd tv,fwef;ausmif;tqifhrS txufwef;ausmif;tqifhokdY
    wk;d jri zfh iG v
    fh pS cf o
    hJ nf/ (1961-62)ckEpS w
    f iG f ar,ke,fjcm;umv trSw(f 1)&yfuu
    G o
    f nf usL;ausm0f ifa&mufvm
    olw\
    Ydk aetdrrf sm;jzihf jynhEf u
    S u
    f m pnf;rJu
    h rf;rJh jzpfaeMu\/ xkaYd Mumifh bl;oDawmifNrKd UwGif wm0efxrf;aqmif
    aeaom e,fjcm;0efaxmuf Akv
    d Bf u;D vqefx;l ESifh ajrwkid ;f XmerS NrKd Urajrwkid ;f pma&; OD;bk;d xGe;f OD;wku
    Yd pepfwus
    tuGufcsay;cJh&mukd ajruGuf txufwef;ausmif; taqmuftOD;ajrae&myg owfrSwfcJhonf/ txufwef;
    ausmif; taqmuftOD;ukd atmifcsrf;om ukrPDu wm0ef,laqmufvkyfay;cJhonf/
    (1964)ckEpS w
    f iG f ar,kvrf;&Sd (,ckjrefrmhpu
    dk yf sK;d a&;vkyif ef;)ae&m taqmuftOD;rS vuf&t
    dS xufwef;
    ausmif;ae&modkY ajymif;a&TUzGifhvSpfonf/ txufwef;ausmif;ykdifajr{&d,mrSm(8-78){u&SdNyD; pyg;pkdufysKd;

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    187

    ajr(6){u? ausmif;taqmuftOD;ESihf tm;upm;uGif;ajr (2.78){u&Sdonf/


    Ekid if aH wmfNird 0f yfyjd ym;rI wnfaqmufa&;tzGUJ tpk;d &vufxufwiG f (1990-91) ckEpS u
    f twGi;f a&;rSL;
    (2)ESifh 0efBu;D rsm;\ e,fvn
    S chf &DpOfwiG f cGijhf yKcsujf zihf (8)cef;wGt
    J aqmuftOD;opfudk wd;k csUJ ausmif;aqmifopf
    tjzpf wnfaqmufEkdifcJhonf/
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd U NrKd Urtxufwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;tkyq
    f &mBu;D ESifh wm0efcq
    H &mBu;D pkpak ygif;(16)OD;
    wku
    Yd wm0efxrf;aqmifcMhJ uonf/ wm0efxrf;aqmifcMhJ uaom ausmif;tkyq
    f &mBu;D rsm;\trnf? ynmt&nf
    tcsif;? wm0efxrf;aqmifcsdefumvrsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif; awGU&onf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUtxuffwef;ausmif;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhaom ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;rsm;pm&if;


    wm0efxrf;aqmifcsdef
    pOf
    q&mBuD;trnf
    ynmt&nftcsif;
    rS
    xd
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    1 OD;aqGa,mtmruf
    1952
    1955
    1956
    1957
    2 OD;zlkuftmrwf
    3 OD;aqGa,mtmruf
    1958
    1962
    1963
    1964
    4 OD;[lqdef;umqdrf;
    5 OD;wifarmif
    1965
    1967
    1968
    1971
    6 OD;b[def;
    7 OD;cifarmifoef;
    1972
    1974
    1974
    1976
    8 OD;uHBuD;atmif
    zwf
    r
    &yg
    9 OD;atmifxGef;vIdif
    1976
    1981
    1981
    1984
    10 OD;pHa&Tarmif
    11 OD;csrf;om
    1984
    1986
    1986
    1989
    12 OD;kdvSjzL
    13 OD;ausmfckdif
    1989
    1990
    1990
    1991
    14 OD;xGef;atmifjzL
    15 OD;odef;jrifh
    1991
    1994
    16 OD;bat;
    1994
    ,ckxd

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fpmppfXme
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUay:wGif tpkd;&txufwef;ausmif;zGihfvSpfcJhNyD;jzpfaomfvnf; ESpftwefMumonfhwkdif
    atmif pmppfXme zGihfvSpfEdkifrIr&SdcJhaMumif; awGU&onf/
    xkaYd Mumihf bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,frS ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm; taejzihf ausmif;xGuv
    f ufrw
    S &f pmar;yG?J
    owrwef;? tXrwef;tpk;d &ppfpmar;yGrJ sm;? pwkww
    ef;paumhvm&Sp(f )ESifh owrwef; paumhvm&Sppf mar;
    yGJrsm;ukd trsm;tm;jzihf armifawmpmppfXmewGif oGm;a&mufajzqkdMu&onf/
    ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;taejzihf tjcm;ae&modYk oGm;a&mufajzqk&d mwGif p&dwu
    f ek u
    f sr?I pmar;yGeJ ;D rS
    teD;uyfomG ;a&mufMu&rI? wnf;ckad exkid af &; tcuftcJ&rdS w
    I aYkd Mumifh rsm;pGm'kua &mufcMhJ u&onf/ ,if;tcuf
    tcJrsm;aMumifh 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifajzqkdMu&aom ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;tzkdY arQmfrSef;oavmuftqifh
    ra&mufEkdifcJhMuay/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    188

    xkaYd Mumifyh xrtBurd f jynfoaYl umifpo


    D ufwrf; bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f ygwD,el pfpnf;k;H a&;aumfrwD?
    NrdKUe,ftvkyform;tpnf;tkH;rS OD;omEkd;atmif (,ck rlvwef;ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;)u ygwD,lepfOuX
    OD;baxG;tm; bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f pmppfXmezGihfvSpf&&SdrItwGuf jynfolYvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;wifjyay;&ef
    tqkid jf yKcsuf wifoiG ;f cJyh gonf/ xkjYd yif wbufrv
    S nf; A[kt
    d vkyo
    f rm;tpnf;tk;H odYk ay;yko
    Yd nf vpOftpD&ifcH
    pmwGif xnfhoGif;azmfjywifjycJhygonf/ xkdYaMumifh (1977)ckESpfwGif bl;oD;awmifNrdKU txufwef;ausmif;
    tyxpmppfXme &&SdzGihfvSpfEkdifcJhygonf/

    ESpfpOfynma&;wkd;wufrItajctae
    bl;oDawmifNrdKUe,fwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwfrSp ESpfpOfynma&;tajctaewkd;wufrI
    &SdvmaMumif; awGU&onf/ (1968)ckESpfta&mufwGif bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f txufwef;ausmif;wpfausmif;?
    tv,fwef;ausmif;ESpfausmif;? rlvwef;ausmif; (63)ausmif;txd wkd;wufvmcJhonf/1 ESpfpOfvkdvkdyif
    ausmif;opfrsm; zGihfvSpfjcif;? q&m? q&mrrsm; jznfhwif;cefYxm;jcif;rsm; &SdcJhonf/
    od&Yk mwGif NrKd Ue,fynma&;rSL;k;H &Sd rSww
    f rf;rsm;t& ausmif;opfrsm;zGiv
    fh pS rf ?I q&m? q&mrrsm;jznhw
    f if;
    cefYxm;rIukd ESpftvkduf taxmuftxm;jyKpk xm;&SdrIr&SdcJhaMumif; awGU&ygonf/
    NrKd Ue,fynma&;rSL;k;H &Sd vufvrS ;f rD&S m pkpnf;axmufc&H &Sad om pm&if;Z,m;rsm;t& ESpt
    f vku
    d f wk;d wuf
    vmaomausmif;rsm;? q&m? q&mrtiftm;? ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;tajctaeukd atmufygtwkid ;f awGU&yg
    onf/

    189

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    bl; oD;awmifNrdKUe,fynma&;tajctaeukd ESpftvkduftajcjyZ,m;


    (1988 ckESpfrS 1994 ckESpfxd umvtwGif; )
    OD;a&
    rSwfcsuf
    pOf ckESpf? ausmif; trnf ausmif; ausmif; om; q&mr
    aygif;
    aygif;
    aygif;
    1 1988 ckES pf
    txufwef;ausmif;
    1421
    41
    1
    txufwef;ausmif;
    2561
    86
    5
    rlvwef;ausmif;
    9291
    200
    115
    2 1989 ckES pf
    txufwef;ausmif;
    1261
    37
    1
    txufwef;ausmif;
    2981
    84
    5
    rlvwef;ausmif;
    9438
    212
    115
    3 1990 ckES pf
    txufwef;ausmif;
    1080
    47
    1
    txufwef;ausmif;
    1916
    88
    5
    rlvwef;ausmif;
    8483
    278
    115
    4 1991 ckES pf
    txufwef;ausmif;
    1295
    48
    1
    txufwef;ausmif;
    2851
    102 tvu(2)wk;df csJUzGiv
    fh pS o
    f nf/
    6
    rlvwef;ausmif;
    5

    1992 ckES pf
    txufwef;ausmif;
    txufwef;ausmif;
    rlvwef;ausmif;

    1993 ckES pf
    txufwef;ausmif;
    txufwef;ausmif;
    rlvwef;ausmif;
    1994 ckES pf
    txufwef;ausmif;
    txufwef;ausmif;
    rlvwef;ausmif;

    125

    9401

    288

    1
    7

    1495
    3910

    51
    126

    136

    10051

    329

    1
    7
    136

    1437
    3693
    9215

    56
    125
    312

    1
    7
    136

    1504
    4186
    9014

    53
    137
    296

    tru(10)ausmif;
    wk;df csUJ zGiv
    fh pS o
    f nf/

    tru(11)ausmif;
    wk;df csUJ zGiv
    fh pS o
    f nf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    190

    bm&fbDpmayoifMum;rItajctae
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&Sd b*FvDvlrsKd;wkdYonf tpkd;&ausmif;rsm;wGif twef;pmoifMum;jcif;tjyif
    tm&fbDpmayukdvnf; twef;pmtjzpf oifMum;avh&SdMuonf/ tm&fbDpmayoifMum;rIukd armfv0Drsm;ESihf
    tm&fbDpmoifjyq&mwkdYu oifMum;Muonf/ odkY&mwGif b*FvDvlOD;a&ESihf EIdif;pmMunhfygu tm&fbD
    pmwwfajrmufoOl ;D a& tvGeef nf;yg;ao;aMumif; awGU&ygonf/ bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f&dS tm&fbpD mayoifMum;rI
    qkdif&m pmoifausmif;rsm;rSm atmufygtwkdif; awGU&ygonf/
    pOf
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37

    bl; oD; awmifN rdK Ue,f& Sd tm&fb Dp moifa uskm if; rsm;pm&if;
    tm&fb Dp moifa usmif; pm&if;
    &yfu Gu f^ aus;&Gm tky fp k
    BuD;
    i,f
    trSw f(1)&yfu Gu f
    2
    2
    trSw f(2)&yfu Gu f
    trSw f(3)&yfu Gu f
    1
    2
    trSw f(4)&yfu Gu f
    trSw f(5)&yfu Gu f
    1
    trSw f(6)&yfu Gu f
    trSw f(7)&yfu Gu f
    b'um;aus;&Gmtky fpk
    1
    3
    ausmif;awmifaus;&Gmtky fpk
    4
    wif;araus;&Gmtky fp k
    3
    *ky Da us;&Gmtky fp k
    4
    uRef;aygufaus;&Gmtky fpk
    1
    yef;zJacsmif; arsmuf& Jaus;&Gmtky fpk
    1
    ZD;wkHaus;&Gm tkyfp k
    8
    i&efYacsmif;aus;&Gm tkyfp k
    1
    5
    ,if;rausmif;awmifaus;&Gmtky fp k
    5
    o*Fe ufaus;&Gmtky fp k
    5
    rD;ausmif;aps;aus;&Gm tkyfp k
    jcif;orm;aus;&Gm tkyfp k
    6
    1
    3
    rD;ausmif;acgif;qGJaus;&Gmtky fp k
    1
    4
    'g;ykdi fq &maus;&Gmtky fpk
    1
    3
    iusOfawmufaus;&Gmtky fpk
    1
    avmifacsmif;aus;&Gmtky fp k
    6
    wyfr if;acsmif;aus;&Gmtky fpk
    2
    ausmufjzLawmifaus;&Gmtkyfp k
    3
    2
    tif;acsmif;aus;&Gmtky fp k
    pH i f;a0;aus;&Gmtky fpk
    1
    2
    eef;&mukef;aus;&Gmtky fpk
    1
    OD;vSazaus;&Gmtky fp k
    1
    4
    o&ui f;rEl;aus;&Tmtky fpk
    2
    'jyKacsmif;aus;&Tmtky fpk
    2
    &Gu f kdawmifaus;&Tmtkyfp k
    3
    twGif;iSu faoaus;&Tmtkyfp k
    1
    1
    av;NrdKU(c)Mumkdjyifaus;&Tmtkyfp k
    9
    uGefw kdi faus;&Tmtky fp k
    vuf0J' ufy kZ Gefacsmif;aus;&Gmtkyfp k
    4
    vuf0J' ufjyif& Sn faus;&Gmtky fp k
    -

    rSw fc suf

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    191

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f&Sd tm&fbDpmoifauskmif;rsm;pm&if;
    pOf
    38
    39
    40
    41
    42
    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    48
    49
    50
    51
    52
    53
    54
    55
    56
    57
    58
    59
    60
    61
    62
    63
    64
    65

    &yfuGuf^aus;&Gmtkyfpk
    uusbufuHjyifaus;&Gmtkyfpk
    uusbufaus;&Gmtkyfpk
    bukH;em;aus;&Gmtkyfpk
    ajrmif;em;aus;&Gmtkyfpk
    tv,facsmif;aus;&Tmtkyfpk
    oydwfawmifaus;&Tmtkyfpk
    &Gmraus;&Gmtkyfpk
    armifBuD;axmifhaus;&Tmtkyfpk
    pdrfhif;jym;aus;&Gmtkyfpk
    aouHcGqkHaus;&Tmtkyfpk
    *l'gjyifjaus;&Tmtkyfpk
    zkd;acgifacsmif;aus;&Tmtkyfpk
    ausmufjzLom;aouHaus;&Tmtkyfpk
    aq;tkd;usaus;&Gmtkyfpk
    bk&m;jyifodef;wefaus;&Tmtkyfpk
    0&uRef;aus;&Gmtkyfpk
    uif;awmifaus;&Tmtkyfpk
    txufuRBJ udKarmf aus;&Gmtkyfpk
    bk&m;jyifatmifyaus;&Tmtkyfpk
    odefawmifjyifaus;&Gmtkyfpk
    NydKif;awmifaus;&Tmtkyfpk
    'ktd;k onfraus;&Tmtkyfpk
    zkHacsmif;aus;&Gmtkyfpk
    pH*d;k axmifaus;&Gmtkyfpk
    apwDawmifaus;&Tmtkyfpk
    o&ufjyifaus;&Tmtkyfpk
    zkkHdv
    k dyfaus;&Gmtkyfpk
    ausmuf&efaus;&Gmtkyfpk
    pkpkaygif;

    tm&fbDpmoifausmif;pm&if;
    BuD;
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    22

    i,f
    1
    4
    3
    3
    3
    1
    2
    5
    5
    4
    2
    2
    2
    1
    1
    2
    2
    1
    6
    2
    2
    2
    12
    1
    1
    1
    4
    1
    179

    rSwfcsuf

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    192

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,frS vl&nfcRefrsm;
    awmfveS af &;aumifpt
    D pk;d &vufxufwiG f ,cifu wnf&cdS ahJ om pwkid yf ifpepfudk zsuo
    f rd ;f Ny;D (196364)pmoifESpfrSp bufpkHxl;cRefaom ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ukd vl&nfcRefrsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,fcJhonf/
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,frS vl&nfcReftjzpf a&G;cs,fcHcJhMu&olrsm;pm&if;ukd atmufygtwkdif; awGU&onf/
    pOf
    1
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34

    bl;oD; awmifNrdK Ue,frS vl& nfc Refr sm;pm&if;


    ausmif; ^vdy fp m
    ckE Sp f
    ckdi f
    twef;
    trnf
    6
    2
    3
    4
    5
    1964 armifawm tXrwef;
    bl;oD;awmif
    rl[mrwftmvD
    txu
    e0rwef;
    bl;oD;awmif
    ausmfzHvS
    1964
    /
    txu
    1965
    owrwef; tmblwm,kpf
    bl;oD;awmif
    /
    tvu
    owrwef; tmvD[lqdef;
    1965
    /
    tvu anmifacsmif;? bl;oD;awmif
    owrwef; tmrwftmvD
    bl;oD;awmif
    1966
    /
    tvu
    tXrwef;
    /
    /
    /
    txu
    armifvS[ef
    /
    tXrwef;
    txu
    /
    /
    tmvD[lqdef;
    e0rwef;
    /
    /
    /
    txu
    armifodef;
    e0rwef;
    /
    /
    /
    1967
    armifvS[ef
    e0rwef;
    /
    1968
    armifOD;xGef;pdef
    /
    /
    e0rwef;
    /
    1969
    /
    armifvSjrifh
    /
    /
    'rwef; armifOD;xGef;pdef
    /
    /
    /
    /
    1970
    'rwef; rvS,OfEk
    /
    /
    owrwef; cifoef;at;
    /
    /
    /
    1971
    /
    /
    tXrwef;
    armifodef;apmxGef;
    /
    /
    owrwef; armifpef;a&T
    /
    1972
    /
    /
    /
    /
    tXrwef;
    rapmwif
    /
    /
    /
    e0rwef;
    /
    /
    /
    odef;apmxGef;
    /
    1973
    owrwef; wifoef;a&T
    /
    /
    e0rwef;
    /
    /
    /
    /
    rapmwif
    /
    /
    'rwef; odef;apmxGef;
    /
    /
    tXrwef;
    /
    1974
    wifoef;pkd;
    /
    /
    /
    /
    'rwef; rapmwif
    /
    /
    /
    r&Sdyg
    1975
    1976
    /
    /
    1977
    /
    /
    awmifbZm
    1978
    /
    owrwef; rkd[mrwftDvD,mpf tvu
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f
    1979
    e0rwef;
    roef;Ek
    txu
    bl;oD;awmif
    /
    1980
    r&Sdyg
    /
    1981
    e0rwef;
    aZmfvGifOD;
    txu bl;oD;awmif
    /
    1982
    r&Sdyg
    /
    1983
    /
    /
    1984
    owrwef; rkd;ausmfatmif
    tvu? NrdKUr? bll;oD;awmif
    /
    1985-87-88
    7-9-10wef; OD;xifausmf
    txu bl;oD;awmif

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    193

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,frS ynma&;rSL;rsm;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fynma&;XmewGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhMuaom NrdKUe,fynma&;rSL;rsm;\ trnf?
    ynmt&nftcsif;? wm0efxrf;aqmifcsdefumvrsm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfygonf/
    bl; oD; awmifNrdKUe,f NrdK Ue,fy nma&;rSL ;rsm;pm&if;
    wm0efxrf; aqmifc sdef
    pOf NrdKUe,fy nma&;rSL; ynmt&nft csif;
    rSw fc suf
    rS
    xd
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    BA. ED. BED
    1974
    1976
    1 OD;uHBuD;atmif
    1976
    1981
    2 OD;atmifxGef;vIdif
    BSc. BED
    3 OD;wifjrifh
    BA. ED. BED
    1981
    1986
    1986
    1986
    4 OD;axG;jzL
    BA. ED. BED
    1986
    1986
    5 OD;kdvSjzL
    1994
    ,aeYxd
    6 OD;tkef;wif
    ukd;um;csufrsm;
    1/
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f ynma&;rSL;kH;\pm&if;Z,m;rsm;/
    2/
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f? NrdKUrtxufwef;ausmif;\rSwfwrf;rsm;/
    3/
    tNidrf;pm;ausmif;q&m OD;kdZHESihf awGUqkHar;jref;csufrsm;/
    4/
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    5/
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    6/
    ausmufawmfNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif; (NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpD? tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU)
    ausmufawmfNrdKU/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    194
    tcef;(13)

    usef;rma&;
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    (1926)ckESpfwGif wkdufcwfcJhaom avrkef;wkdif;aMumihf ysufpD;cJh&\/
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    qefYtjzpf wkd;csJUzGihfvSpfcJhonf/ (1981)ckESpfwGif ckwif(25)vkH;qefYtjzpf wkd;jrihfcJh\/ bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f
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    OD;? oGm;ESicfh w
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    d / if;wk\
    Yd tajctaerSm atmufyg
    twkdif;jzpfonf/

    (1) rdcifESihfuav;usef;rma&;Xme
    rdcifEiS u
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    (2) aus;vufusef;rma&;Xme
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif aus;vufusef;rma&;Xme(6)ck&Sd&m atmufygtwkdif;jzpfMu\/
    (u) ausmif;awmifaus;vufusef;rma&;Xme
    (c)
    awmifbZmwkdufe,fusef;rma&;Xme
    (*)
    azmifawmfjyifaus;vufusef;rma&;Xme
    (C) oydwfawmifaus;vufusef;rma&;Xme
    (i)
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    205

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    206
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    207

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    208

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    210

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    211

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    212

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    a&;om;Mujcif;rSm vkH;0t"dyg,fr&Sdacs/ tcsKyftjcm r[kwfbJ vufatmufcHwkdif;jynfrsm;om jzpfaevQif
    urm'h *Fg;ordik ;f t& oD;jcm;wHqyd t
    f rSwt
    f om;rsm;jzihf '*Fg;cwfEydS yf idk cf iG fh r&Sad cs/ okaYd omf rif;apmrGe\
    f om;awmf
    c&pf(1459-1482) bapmjzLvufxufwiG f cwfEydS cf ahJ om &ckid 'f *Fg;ukd awGU&jcif;uyif xkt
    d qkrd mS r[kwaf Mumif;
    xif&mS ;aeNyjD zpf\/ r*kb
    d &k if &SmvDrefvufxufta&mufwiG f &ckid o
    f &D o
    d "k r&mZm (at'D 1622-1638)rif;ESifh
    roifhjrwfjzpfMujcif;aMumifh r[mrdwfysufcJhMurS ukvm;bGJUtrnfukdyg aemifwGifrawGU&awmhNyDjzpf\/1
    rnf o d k Y q k d a pumrl uk v m;bG J U (rl q vif ) cH b k & if r sm;onf Ak ' b mom0if r sm;jzpf M uaMumif ; ?
    if;wk\
    Yd pk;d pHumvrsm;twGi;f wnfaqmufcMhJ uaom Ak'o
    moemqkid &f m taqmuftOD;rsm;? bk&m;apwDyx
    k ;dk rsm;
    u &ckdifjynftESHU oufaocHvsuf &Sdaeay\/
    ukvm;bGUJ cH e&Ekrif;c&D(tvDcif)rif;vufxuf ta&SUjynftif;0rif; e&ywdEiS fh r[mrdwjf yKcMhJ uonfudk
    &ckdif&mZ0ifwGif odkYazmfjyxm;\/
    ]]e&ywdrif;BuD;u wpfodef;xkdufaom ywjrm;vufpGyfukd ay;awmfrl\/ igwkdYtvDcifrif;uvnf;
    tbk;d wode;f xku
    d af om ykvo
    J ,
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    ukd rSwo
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    xkdYaMumifh tif;0rif;ESihf r[mrdwfjycJhonfrSm ukvm;bGJUcH &ckdifrif;omjzpfaMumif; awGUEkdifayonf/
    &ckdifjynfe,fwGif awGU&Sd&aom rlqvifbmom0ifrsm;teuf a&S;OD;0ifa&mufcJhMuaom uref?
    Armrlqvif? paomolrsm;ESihf ppfwaumif;a'orS ckd;0ifvmolrsm;[l ESpfrsKd;awGUEdkifygonf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    217

    uref(c) rlqvifrsm;ESifh ajr'l;tquftEG,f Armrlqvifrsm;onf bmoma&;ESihfwkdufkdufqufpyf


    aom vlrIa&;udp&yfrSwpfyg;? &ckdif? ArmwkdYESihf uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;r&Sdacs/ urefvlrsKd;wkdYonf &ckdifpum;ajymqkd
    MuNyD; ajr'l;tquftEG,f Armrlqvifrsm;onf Armpum;ajymqkdMuonf/1
    ar,ka'o(bl;oD;awmif? armifawma'o)&Sd kd[if*smtrnfcH b*FvDrsm;taejzifh uref? ajr'l;
    tquftEG,f Armrlqvifrsm;ESifh rwlbJ oD;jcm;bmompum;? "avhxkH;pH? 0wfpm;qif,ifrI uGJjym;jcm;em;
    Muonf/

    r,la'o&Sd b*FvDrsm;\ xl;jcm;csuf


    (1) trsKd;om;rsm;\ 0wfpm;qif,ifrI
    ar,ka'owGif aexkid Mf uaom b*Fvv
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    f dk
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    f s,0f wfavhr&SMd u? teufa&miftus( vufw)dk aumfvmrJw
    h iG f teDa&mif
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    ,ckacwf b*Fvt
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    f yd af rG;xm;avh
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    armfv0Dq&mrsm;rSm &ckdif? jrefrm;rsm;uJhodkY vkHcsnf0wfavh&SdMuaomfvnf; tusrSmrl vuf&Snfukd
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    Hk Pmef)? ajcrsupf x
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    f iG f eHab;rS
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    f w
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    rkd[mrufu rkwfqdwfarTG;xm;cJhonfukd twk,lum wrefawmftm; wkdifwnfNyD; t"dXmefoabmxm;jcif;
    jzpfaMumif; od&onf/

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    ,ckacwfb*Fvt
    D rsK;d orD;rsm;onf jrefrm? &ckid t
    f rsK;d orD;rsm; 0wfqifouJo
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    d f NHk cKH xnfudk 0wfqifMujcif;yif jzpfonf/
    bl&cf gac: NcKH xnfrmS wpfu,
    dk v
    f ;Hk zk;H vTr;f apum rsupf ad &SUwGif taygufEpS af yguf azmufxm;avh&o
    dS nf/
    xkdjyif armifZmac: ajcpGyfvnf; 0wfxm;Muonf/ c&D;oGm;vmonfhtcg rkd;&Gmonfjzpfap? aeylonfjzpfap?
    &moDOwkom,monfjzpfap? tcsed rf a&G; xD;aqmif;avh&MdS uonf/ vrf;avQmufonft
    h cg vlEiS yfh ufyif;wk;d rdyg
    u rsufESmukd xD;jzihfuG,fxm;avh &SdMuonf/
    xyde0f wfqif&mwGif txufqifu
    h dk atmufrcS sNy;D jrefrm &ckid t
    f rsK;d orD;wkEYd iS fh ajymif;jyeftaetxm;
    0wfwwfMuonf/
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    a&SmifMunf&onfh "avhtaejzihf trsK;d orD;rsm;onf omreftm;jzihf taMumif;xl;r&Sb
    d J tdrt
    f jyifoYkd
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    Ykd u
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    f Qif bl&cf gac: NcKH xnfudk 0wfqifNy;D rS oGm;vm&onf/ trsK;d orD;rsm;onf trsK;d om;
    rsm;ESihf &ifabmifwef;NyD; tvkyfvkyfjcif;? 0wfjyKjcif;? tokbvkdufykdYjcif;rsm; rjyK&/
    trsKd;orD;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ vifa,musfm;rsm;ESihf twl,SOfwGJNyD; oGm;vmavhr&Sd/ c&D;oGm;vm&mwGif
    uav;i,frsm;ukd trsKd;orD;u csDykd;oGm;vmjcif;r&Sd/
    tpm;taomufrsm;taejzifh ykZeG rf t
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    ukd rpm;&/ wd&pmefrsm;ukd uk,
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    ar,ka'o&Sd b*FvrD sm;\ k;d &m,Ofaus;rIEiS yfh wfouf tNird ;f pm; ygupwef oHtrwfBu;D OD;azcif

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    218

    (rlqvifbmom0if)u odkYajymcJhbl;onf/ ]]OD;azcif ygupweftrwfBuD;tjzpf &SdaepOf bl;oD;awmifNrdKUodkY


    a&mufvmygonf/ OD;azcifa&mufvmonft
    h aMumif;ukd BuKd wifowif;ay;xm;aMumif; e,f&rdS q
    l viftrsK;d om;
    rsm;pGmBuKd qMdk uNy;D vQif t&m&Srd sm; wnf;ck&d yd o
    f m usi;f yaom a[majymyGo
    J Ydk vlaygif;rsm;pGm wufa&mufMuav
    onf/ xkdpOfu trwfjzpfcJhbl;aom a':at;GefY? bl;oD;awmif? armifawmqkdif&m *srdwLtlavrmtoif;\
    OuX rpwmqkvw
    f iftmruf\ZeD;vnf; wufa&mufygonf/ a[majymyGw
    J iG f OD;azcifu olonf ygupwef
    oHtrwfBu;D jzpfaMumif;? rlqviftrsK;d omk;wpfO;D vnf;jzpfaMumif;? bl;oD;awmif armifawm&Sd bmomwl rlqvif
    trsKd;om;rsm;ESihf awGUqkHvkd wul;wu vma&muf&aMumif;? rlqvifrsm;ESihf awGUqkH&ojzihf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;?
    0rf;enf;jcif;ESprf sK;d ukd cHpm;&Ny;D b,fvadk jym&rSe;f yifrod jzpfae&aMumif;? e,frq
    l vifrsm;\ 0wfpm;qif,ify?Hk
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    d f u
    dk Af rmpum;
    rok;H &bJ pum;jyef? Mum;rSxm;um a[majym&ojzihf olonf jrefrmEdik if aH wmf\ wpfae&mokYd a&mufaeonf[k
    rxifbJ ta&SUygupwefjynf wpfae&modkY a&mufaeovm;[kyif oHo,jzpfrdygonf/1
    b*FvrD sm;ukd &ckid v
    f rl sK;d wku
    Yd ukvm;[lom ac:a0:ok;H EIe;f Muygonf/ if;wko
    Yd nf rdrw
    d u
    Ydk ,
    dk w
    f idk u
    f
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    (Mr. R.B. Smart)\ (Burma Gazetteer Akyab Dietrict Volume A)wGif ppfawGckdif&Sd ukvm;rsm;ukd
    r[mar'if [l rSwfwrf;wifcJhaMumif; awGU&ygonf/ xkdrSwfwrf;wGif &ckdifvlrsKd;wpfckwnf;ukdyif &ckdifom;?
    &rf;NAJom;? acsmif;om;[l cGJjcm;NyD;rSwfwrf;wifcJhygonf/
    tu,far,ka'owGif kd[if*smtrnfcH b*FvDvlrsKd;rsm;om &Sdrnfqkdygu kd[if*smvlrsKd;[l
    rkcscGJjcm; rSwfwrf;wifcJhrnfomwnf;/
    b*FvDrsm;onf ar,ka'owGif tajccsaexkdifvmMuaomtcg xkda'owGif bkHbmompum;tjzpf
    ok;H pGaJ om &ckid b
    f mompum;ukd wwfuRr;f vmMuonf/ xkrd w
    S qihf jrefrmEkid if t
    H ESUH tjym;okYd ysUH ESUH a&muf&v
    dS mMu
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    &ckid v
    f rl sK;d wko
    Yd nf trsK;d oDvukd apmihx
    f ed ;f Muolrsm;jzpf&m rlqvifbmom0ifrsm;ESifh vufxyfxrd ;f jrm;
    avh r&SMd uacs/ xkaYd Mumifh &ckid v
    f rl sK;d rsm;rSm Ak'b
    mom0ifrsm;om jzpfMu\/ rlqvifbmomuk;d uG,o
    f uf0ifjcif;
    r&SdMu &ckdifrlqvif[lvnf; r&Sdacs/
    jrefrmEdkifiHtESHUtjym;rS wkdif;&if;ol trsKd;aumif;orD;rsm;onf &ckdifrlqvifqkdonfukd ,kHrSm;um
    ar,ka'orS b*FvrD sm;ESifh tdraf xmifjyKNy;D ygvmwwfMuonf/ bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fEiS fh armifawmNrKd Ue,frsm;okYd
    a&mufvmMuonfhtcgrSom rdrdwdkY\,kHrSm;oHo,rSm rSm;,Gif;aMumif; odjrifvmMu&onf/
    od&Yk mwGif wkid ;f &if;oltrsK;d orD;wkrYd mS tpvmrfbmomokYd oGyo
    f iG ;f jcif;cH&um b*Fvt
    D rsK;d orD;wpfO;D
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    toG,frQyif rjyKEdkfifMuacs/
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    Yd
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    wwfMuonf/ oufqkdif&mrS qufoG,fay;rIaMumifh rdbaqGrsKd;rsm; a&muf&Sdvm&m rdrdt&yfa'ookdY jyefvnf
    vku
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    Muawmhacs/ tvm;wljzpf&yfrsm;ukd bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fESihf armif;awmNrdKUe,frsm;ukd rMumcP BuHKawGUwwf
    Muonf/

    kd[if*sm[laom a0g[m&\t"dyg,f
    kd[if*sm[laom a0g[m&\t"dyg,fudk ]]yxefvlrsKd;ESihf b*Fvm;jynfrS 0ifa&mufvmMuolrsm;rSm
    tm&AftquftEG,jf zpfaom ]]k;d 0efm }}vlrsK;d rsm;ESihf aygif;oif;aexkid v
    f mcJMh uonfwiG f ]]k;d 0ef*sm}}(,cktac:
    kd[if*sm)ac: vlrsKd;rsm; jzpfay:vmcJhavonf/ ESpfaygif;Mum&Snfvmaomtcg tm&AftquftEG,frsm;rSm

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    219

    ]]k;d 0ef*sm}}qkad om trnfrmS &ckid pf um;&if;jzpf&m ]]&Gma[mif;uusm;}}[k t"dyg ,f&avonf/ if;rSmow&d o


    dS nf?
    &J&iho
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    d
    f rEkid af om wvkid ;f vlrsK;d rsm;ukd yxefvrl sK;d
    1
    rsm;u wkdufxkwfypfEdkifaomaMumihfyif jzpfonf[kqkdvkdygonf/
    wzef ]]c&pfou&mZf 1665 ckEpS af emufyidk ;f wGif &ckid jf ynfom; tpvmrf bmom0ifrsm;teuf av;ukid f
    ppfonfawmfrsm;ukd yg&Sef;bmomjzihf uref(Kaman)[kac:NyD; &ckdifjynfom; tpvmrfbmom0if vlrsKd;ukdrl
    tma&Afbmomjzifh kd[if*sm (Rohingya)[k ac:cJhygonf/ xkdtcsdefrSp &ckdifjynfom; tpvmrfbmom0if
    tkyfpkwkdYukd (Bohingya)[kvnf; ac:wGifvmcJhMuygonf/2}}
    kd[if*smtrnf&Sdaom vlrsKd;onf jrefrmEdkifiHwGifvnf;aumif;? &ckdifjynftjzpf xif&Sm;&SdpOfu
    vnf;aumif;? urmw
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    Ydk trnf
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    f idk f uifyeG ;f wyfvmMuonfrmS (1960)ck ywf0ef;usiw
    f iG f jzpfygonf/ olwo
    Ydk nf wkid ;f &if;om;
    rsm;[k twif;awmif;qkd trnfcH,lcJhavonf/ odkYaomf onfum; vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;\trnf r[kwfacs/
    NrKd Ua[mif;om;qkad om *kPu
    f ,
    dk v
    l Mdk uol rlqviftcsKUd \EIwrf S xGuv
    f maom pum;rQom jzpfayonf/ xkpd Ofu
    NrdKUa[mif;rSm rif;ae aejynfawmfjzpf xkde,fwGif vkyfukdifpm;aomufMuol rlqviftcsKdUum; igwkdY
    NrdKUa[mif;om;[l ajymqkdMuonfukd Mum;zl;Muaom rlqviftcsKdUu t"dyg,fukd em;rvnfbJ &ckdifjynf&Sd
    vlwrsK;d yif[k xGiv
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    l u
    dk jf cif;omjzpfonf/ okaYd omf a&S;u NrKd Ua[mif;e,fom;rSwpfyg; rnforl Qrok;H bJ
    (1960)ywf0ef;usifwGif uscgrS e,fom;rsm; xifxif&Sm;&Sm; xkwfazmfvmMuavonf/ NrdKUa[mif;ukd
    olwkdYrNrDvkdufbJ kda[mif;jzpfoGm;&mrS ]]kd[if}}jzpfvmjcif; jzpfonf/1
    xkdYjyif (In the medieval Bengali Works and t*Fvdyfpm zwfr&yg)
    [l awGU&ygonf/2
    odjYk zpf&m tv,facwf b*FvpD maywGif a&;om;onfh k&d eS f (Rosah ng) rS ppfwaumif; a'oE&ok;H pum;
    jzihf ]]tpm;}}ukd tpm;xkd;um; (Rohang) [l ajymif;vJvmygonf/ b*FvDpum;wGif b,f&Gmom;vJ=
    uGefyg&m*sm =&Gmom;[k t"dyg,f&ygonf/ tvm;wlyif ppfwaumif;om;wkdYu &ckdifjynfukd ac:a0:aom
    kd[rf (Rohang) wGif kd[if+*sm=kd[if*sm)= &ckdifjynfom;[l t"dyg,f&Sdonfh a0g[m&yifjzpfaMumif;
    awGU&ygonf/
    k[
    d if*sm[laom a0g[m&ukd vlrsK;d trnftjzpf ac:a0:ok;H pGv
    J mrnf qkyd gu ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm Mumvm
    onft
    h cg bmomaA'oabmt& jyefvnftpaumufvQif k[
    d if*sm=&ckid jf ynfom; (wkid ;f &if;om;)jzpfvmap&ef
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    tcsKUd uvnf; k[
    d if*smtpm; &Gi*hf sm[l ac:qko
    d ;Hk EIe;f jyefygonf/ &Gi*hf smqdak ompum;\ &ckid t
    f "dyg ,f
    rSm tkd;tdrftwnfwusr&Sdol? avvGifhaeol? ajcovkH;tdrfwkdif oGm;vmaeol[l t"dyg,f&ygonf/
    xkaYd Mumihf k[
    d if*sm trsK;d om;nDw
    G af &; (&rn)tzGUJ csKy?f trsK;d om;ygwDwrYdk S t"dyg ,fziG q
    hf cdk surf sm;ESifh
    woD;wjcm;pD jzpfaeonfukdvnf; awGUEkdifygonf/
    ukd;um;csufrsm;
    1/
    a'gufwmausmfouf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHorkdif;
    2/
    OD;vSxGef;jzL? &ckdifjynfpD;yGm;a&;b@mwkduf
    3/
    armifxif? &ckdifjynfe,ftpD&ifcHpm? jr0wDr*Zif;? (1960 ck Zlvkdif)
    4/
    &ckdifjynfe,fjzpfpOforkdif;? 'kwd,wGJ? &ckdifjynfjynfolYaumifpD? tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU/
    5/
    bkHaygufomausmf? awmfvSefa&;c&D;0,f? yxrwGJ/
    6/
    OD;pHxGef;atmif? ukd,fawGUar,kajrESihf kd[if*sm (vufESdyfpufrl)
    7/
    OD;pHxGef;atmif? bll;oD;awmifNrdKUe,forkdif;jzpfpOf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    220

    8/
    9/
    10/
    11/
    12/
    13/
    14/
    15/
    16/
    17/
    18/
    19/
    20/

    cifBuD;azsmf? &ckdifjynfrS rl*sm[def;[lonf? &ckdifwefaqmifESpfvnfr*Zif;? (1959-60)


    &ckid jf ynfe,fjzpfpOforkid ;f ? pwkww
    ?JG vlraI &;u@? &ckid jf ynfe,f jynfoaYl umifpt
    D vkyt
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    trsKd;om;ygwD? &ckdifjynforkdif;ESihf &ckdifkd[if*smwkdY\b0? vufpGJpmapmiftrSwf(6) (1989)ckESpf/
    a'gufwmoef;xGef;? csif;? NrHKESihfckrD(ajrmuf&ckdif)? uvsmr*Zif;trSwf 114? (1994 ckESpf Mo*kwfv)/
    OD;pudE(&ckdifjynfe,f)? jynfwGifrukd#f"mwfOD;&mZfbk&m;orkdif;/
    xGef;a&Tckdif (ppfawGaumvdyf)&ckdifa&S;a[mif;NrdKUawmfrsm;?
    ewfjrpfpef;atmif? t&d,efrSouf? &ckdifrsKd;EG,fqif;oufvm&jcif;rsm; (&ckdifwefaqmifr*Zif;)
    k[
    d if*smtrsK;d om;nDw
    G af &;(&rn)tzGUJ csKy?f k[
    d if*smvlrsK;d pk &mZ0iftusO;f csKy(f 1960 'DZifbmv)/
    bkHaygufomausmf? kd[if*smtrnfcH b*FvDjyempmwrf;(1989)ckESpf (vufESdyfpufrl)
    awGUqkHar;jref;csufrsm;/
    zwfr&
    zwfr&

    21/
    22/
    23/

    zwfr&
    zwfr&
    OD;pErmvmvuFm&? &ckdif&mZ0ifopfusrf; ('kwd,tkyf)

    M.Collis, Arakan's Place in the civilization of the Bay, JBRS, 50th Arriversary Publica
    tion No-2,

    221
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    {&d,m
    2
    6
    56
    1269
    704
    496
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    1891
    1901
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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f jynfaxmifpBk uchH idk af &;ESifh zGUH NzKd ;a&;toif;ukd tvHwifqidk ;f bkwzf iG yhf JG tcrf;tem;ukd
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    a&;tzGJUOuXrsm;ESihf tzGJU0ifrsm;? Xmeqkdif&mtBuD;tuJrsm;? ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm? MuufajceDwyfzGJU0if?
    bifc&mwyfzGJU0if? t&efrD;owfwyfzGJU0ifrsm;? wufa&mufcJhMu\/ tcrf;tem;ukd (4)bmom *kPfxl;&Sif
    rcifcsKdrmxGef;u zJBudK;jzwfzGihfvSpfay;cJhonf/
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f jynfaxmifpBk uchH idk af &;ESifh zGUH NzKd ;a&;toif;ukd twGi;f a&;rSL; (1)OD;? tzGUJ 0if(3)OD;jzihf
    zGJUpnf;xm;&Sd\/
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    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f&dS &yfuu
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    k w
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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f jynfaxmifpkBuHhckdifa&;ESihf zGHUNzdK;a&;toif;wGif toif;om;tiftm;rSm (12-694)aeYxd oufBuD;toif;om; (391)OD;? oufi,ftoif;om; (554)OD;? usm;(558)OD;? r(394)OD; pkpkaygif;
    (952)OD; &SdaeNyD;jzpf\/
    toif;BuD;taejzihf NrdKUay:&Sd apwD? ykxkd;? bk&m;? ausmif;? vrf;wHwm;rsm;ukd tcgtm;avsmfpGm yg0if
    vkyftm;ay;cJhMu\/
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    hf pS af qmif&u
    G v
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    (2) NrdKUe,ft&ef rD;owfwyfzGJU


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    G f
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    &ihfvmjcif;?? tjcm;NrdKU&Gmrsm;okdYajymif;a&TUoGm;jcif;wkdYaMumifh tiftm;,kwfavsmhvsuf &Sdae\/
    ,cifu NrdKUe,ft&ef rD;owfwyfzGJUwGif A[kdrD;owfwyfzGJUrS 1969 ckESpfu tcrJhay;oGm;aom (*svkd)
    "mwfqD? trsKd;tpm;(4)a,mufxrf;pufi,fwpfvkH; &SdcJh\/ if;pufrSm tpm;xkd;ypnf;rsm; &Sm;yg;jcif;?
    tvGefa[mif;EGrf;aeNyD;jzpfjcif;wkdYaMumifh jyKjyifokH;pGJ r&Ekdifaom tajctaewGif &SdaeNyD;jzpfonf/
    NrKd Ue,ft&ef rD;owfwyfzUJG tm; pepfwus jyefvnfppk nf;Ny;D uk,
    d x
    f u
    l ,
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    0,f,lokH;pGJ&ef vkdtyfae\/

    (3) NrdKUe,fMuufajceDwyfzGJU
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f MuufajceD olemjyKwyfzGJUukd 1966 ckESpfwGif NrdKUe,fMuufajceDBuD;MuyfrIaumfrwD
    (5)OD;jzihf zGJUpnf;NyD; wyfzGJU0iftiftm; (61)OD;jzihf zGJUpnf;? pnf;kH;vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ odkYaomfvnf;
    taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;aMumihf NrdKUe,fMuufajceDolemjyKwyfzGJUonf vIyf&Sm;rItm;enf;cJhygonf/
    1983-ckESpfwGif NrdKUe,fMuufajceDBuD;MuyfrIaumfrwDukd (7)OD;? wyfzGJU0iftm;ukd (110)OD;jzihf jyefvnf
    zGJUpnf;cJhygonf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    224

    NrKdUe,fMuufajceDwyfzGJU0ifrsm;\ zGJUpnf; ykHtiftm;


    usm;wyfzGJU
    tiftm;
    32
    wyfzGJUrSL;
    1
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    1
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    2
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    58
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    2
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    1
    (c) pkkrSL;
    1
    pkwyfMuyfBuD;
    1
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    2
    pk'kwyfMuyf
    2

    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;
    OD;

    wkdYjzifh zGJUpnf;xm;Muygonf/
    1989 ckEpS w
    f iG f xyfrNH y;D NrKd Ue,fMuufajceD Bu;D MuyfraI umfrwDudk tzGUJ 0if(8)OD;ESifh wyfzUJG 0iftiftm;ukd
    (90)OD;jzihf jyefvnfzUJG pnf;cJyh gonf/ NrKd Ue,fMuufajceD Bu;D MuyfraI umfrwDEiS fh NrKd Ue,fMuufajceDoel mjyKwyfzUJG onf
    MuufajceDvkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf 1993-ckESpftwGif; (10)BudrfcefY awGUqkHaqG;aEG;cJhygonf/]
    NrKd Ue,f MuufajceDoel mjyK wyfzUJG wGif pHjyMuufajceDtjzpf a&G;cs,cf x
    H m;&ol (1)OD;? r(2)OD;&Syd gonf/
    MuufajceDenf;jytjzpf usm;(1)OD;? r(1)OD;&Syd gonf/ omrefoifwef;atmifjrifNy;D ol wyfzUJG 0iftiftm; (90)OD;&Sd
    ygonf/ if;teuf 0efxrf;(20)OD;? t&yfom;^ol(11)OD;? ausmif;ol^om;(59)OD;&Syd gonf/ &moufyeftiftm;
    (10)OD; &Scd yhJ gonf/ uk;d &D;,m;Edik if v
    H il ,frsm; awGUqkyH o
    JG Ydk oGm;a&muf&eftwGuf olemjyKwyfzUJG rS &Jabmf(1)OD;
    tm; &efukefNrdKU pmar;yGJajzqkdEkdif&ef ay;ykdYapvTwfEkdifcJhygonf/
    1989-ckEpS f 1990-ckEpS ?f 1991-ckEpS ?f 1992-ckEpS rf sm;wGif NrKd Uay:&yfuu
    G rf sm;ESifh bl;oD;awmifwyfe,f
    &Sd wyf&if;rsm;tm; oGm;a&mufNy;D aoG;vGew
    f w
    k af uG;a&m*g ESrd ef if;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;? iSuzf sm;a&m*gqkid &f mvkyif ef;
    rsm;wGif oufqkdif&mwkdYESihf yl;aygif;yg0ifvkyfaqmifjcif;rsm; NrdKUe,f usif;yjyKvkyfaom tm;upm;yGJawmfrsm;?
    wefbkd;BuD;bk&m;yGJawmfrsm;wGifvnf; usef;rma&;vkyfief;twGuf ulnDyg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm; wzufEdkifiHodkY
    xGuaf jy;oGm;aom b*Fvu
    D v
    k m;vlrsK;d rsm; jyefvnfvufcaH &;vkyif ef; aqmif&u
    G &f mwGiv
    f nf; wyfzUJG 0ifrsm;onf
    armifawmNrKd Ue,f&dS unifacsmif;vufcaH &;pcef;rS 0ifa&mufvmaomolrsm;ukd armifawmNrKd Ue,frt
    S y tjcm;

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    225

    NrKd Ue,frsm;odYk oGm;a&mufrnfu


    h v
    k m;rsm;tm; NrKd Ue,fvufcaH &;pcef;twGuf ae&mcsxm;&mwGiv
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    I yk if ef;rsm;wGiv
    f nf; yl;aygif;yg0ifun
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    ygonf/
    1993- ckESpf cdkifNidrf0yfydjym;rI wnfaqmufa&;tzGJU\ pDpOfvrf;TefrI NrdKUe,fMuufajceD BuD;MuyfrI
    aumfrwD\OD;aqmifrjI zihf 1993-ck {Nyv
    D wGif tiftm;(60)OD;tm; MuufajceDtajccHoifwef; ay;cJEh idk yf gonf/
    1993-ck arvwGif ckid Nf ird 0f yfyjd ym;rI wnfaqmufa&;tzGUJ \ ulnyD yhH ;dk rIjzihf wyfzUJG 0iftiftm; (90)OD;
    tm; MuufajceD(omref)oifwef;ukd &ufow(2)ywf pcef;cs oifwef;zGiv
    fh pS f aqmif&u
    G Ef idk cf yhJ gonf/ oifwef;
    rS wufa&mufatmifjrifcahJ om wyfzUJG 0iftiftm; (90)OD; uln0D wfprHk sm;ukd ckid Nf ird 0f yfyjd ym;rI wnfaqmufa&;
    tzGJU\ ulnDyHhykd;aqmif&Gufay;rIaMumihf tcrJhay;tyfEdkifcJhygonf/
    1993-ckESpfwGif kyfjrifoHMum; wyfqifwkdifwnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;wGif wyfzGJU0iftiftm; (90)jzihf
    vkyt
    f m;ay; (2)Burd f aqmif&u
    G Ef idk cf yhJ gonf/ NrKd Uay:&S&d yfuu
    G rf sm;ESifh bl;oD;awmifwyfe,f&dS wyf&if;wyfzUJG rsm;
    okv
    Yd nf; aoG;vGew
    f w
    k af uG;a&m*g ESrd ef if;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;? iSuzf sm;a&m*gqkid &f mvkyif ef;rsm;ESifh tjcm;use;f rma&;
    vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&mvnf; wyfzGJU0iftiftm; (70)OD;jzihf vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI (5)Budrf &SdcJhygonf/
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f\ wefc;dk Bu;D bk&m;wpfqjl zpfaom av;rsuEf mS bk&m; wnfaqmufjyKjyif&mwGiv
    f nf;
    tkw?f oJ? ajymif;a&TUjcif;vkyif ef;wGiv
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    f m;ay; (5)Burd af qmif&u
    G Ef idk cf yhJ g
    onf/
    aeYBuD; &ufBuD;rsm;wGif usif;yaom tcrf;tem;rsm;wGifvnf; MuufajceDolemjyK wyfzGJU0ifrsm;onf
    wyfzGJUtaejzihf wufa&mufcJhygonf/
    (ewv)pDru
    H ed ;f t& wnf&adS om (ewv)pHjyaus;&Gm(2)&Gmrsm;okv
    Yd nf; oGm;a&mufNy;D wyfzUJG 0iftiftm;
    (40)OD;onf jynfe,frSaxmufyhHaom t0wftxnfrsm; ay;tyf&mwGifvnf; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufEkdifcJhygonf/
    1-1-94 aeYrS,aeYxd vIyf&Sm;rItajctaerSm av;rsufESmbk&m;wnfaqmufjcif;twGuf wyfzGJU0if
    tiftm;(90)OD;onf tkw?f oJajymif;a&TUjcif;vkyif ef;twGuf vkyt
    f m;ay;(2)Burd ?f vGwv
    f yfa&;aeYEiS fh jynfaxmifpk
    tcrf;tem;odYk MuufajceDwyfzUJG taeESifh wyfzUJG 0ifrsm;onf csw
    D uf? wufa&mufcyhJ gonf/ 46ESpaf jrmufvw
    G v
    f yf
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    f jzpf ckid Nf ird 0f yfyjd ym;rIwnfaqmufa&; tzGUJ rS Bu;D rSL;usi;f yaom tm;upm;NyKd iyf rJG sm;wGif
    vnf; usef;rma&;vkyfief;twGuf wyfzGJU0ifrsm;onf yg0ifvkyfaqmifcJhygonf/

    (4) NrdKUe,fppfrIxrf;rsm;tzGJU
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,f ppfrx
    I rf;a[mif;tzGUJ ukd ,cifu NrKd Ue,fygwD,el pf;Hk wGif ,m,DziG v
    fh pS cf MhJ uonf/
    ,cktcg bl;oD;awmifNrKd Ue,fwiG f ppfrx
    I rf;a[mif; tzGUJ 0iftiftm; (114)OD; pnf;k;H a&;e,fajr(8)ckjzihf zGUJ pnf;
    xm;&Sdygonf/
    NrdKUe,fppfrIxrf;a[mif;tzGJUukd trIaqmifaumfrwD(9)OD;jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;&Sdum OuXwpfOD;? 'kOuX
    wpfO;D ? twGi;f a&;rSL;wpfO;D ? wGb
    J uftwGi;f a&;rSL; wpfO;D ? b@ma&;rSL;wpfO;D trIaqmifav;OD;wkYd yg0ifygonf/
    trIaqmiftzGJUukd (5)ESpfwpfBudrfuspD a&G;cs,fwifajrmufyGJ jyKvkyfygonf/
    1992 ckESpfwGif NrdKUe,fppfrIxrf;a[mif;tzGJUkH;ukd ukd,fxludk,fxpepfjzihf aqmufvkyfcJhygonf/ ppfrI
    xrf;a[mif;? tzGJUykdifvufESdyfpufwpfvkH;? rD;cHaowmwpfvkH; xm;&SdcJhygonf/

    (c) vlrI0efxrf;vkyfief;
    (1) tpkd;&todtrSwfjyK ukd,fxlukd,fxrlBudKausmif;
    ausmif;ukd bl;oD;awmifNrKd U trSw(f 3)&yfuu
    G f rif;xD;vrf;wGif 1989 ckEpS f Zlvidk v
    f (1)&ufaeYup
    pwifzGihfvSpfcJhygonf/ ausmif;zGihfpwGif q&mr(3)OD;&SdcJhygonf/ ausmif;om;ausmif;ol (50)OD;&SdcJhygonf/

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    226

    ausmif;om;wpfO;D pDxrH S vpOfaMu;(50d^)uspD aumufcu


    H m xkad iGjzihf cav;rsm;tm; rIeyYf o
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    227

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    228
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    (1)
    (2)
    (3)
    (4)

    (5)
    (6)

    (8)

    (9)
    (10)
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    (14)

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    229

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    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11

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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27

    230

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    1
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    1
    2
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    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    233

    (2) jyefMum;a&;ESihf jynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;Xmeykdif kyfjrifoHMum;


    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUay:wGif jyefMum;a&;ESihf jynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;XmerS wm0ef,lNyD; vlxkynmay;tpD
    tpOftaejzihf kyfjrifoHMum; aeYpOfjyovQuf&Sdygonf/

    (3) yk*vdu pmtkyftiSm;qkdifrsm;


    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Uay:wGif trsm;jynfoil mS ;&rf;zwfaI vhvmEdik af om yk*v
    u
    d pmtkyt
    f iSm;qkid f (3)qkid f
    &Sdygonf/ if;wkdYrSm
    (1)
    rsKd;pmayqufqHa&;
    (2)
    e0&wfpmay
    (3)
    jrifhrkd&fxGef;pmaywkdYjzpfonf/
    (4) owif;pmrsm;
    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUay:wGif tpkd;&rSxkwfa0aom jrefrmhtvif;? aMu;rkH? owif;pmrsm;ukd wm0ef,ljzefYcsD
    ay;onfyh *k v
    u
    d uk,
    d pf m;vS,w
    f pfO;D &Syd gonf/ if;rSwqifh owif;pmrsm;ukd trsm;jynforl sm;odYk jzefcY saD &mif;cs
    vsuf&Sdygonf/

    (q) &ckdifkd;&m,Ofaus;rIqkdif&mtzGJUrsm;
    (1) pnfawmftzGJUrsm;
    bl;oD;awmifNrKd Uay:wGif &ckid f ;dk &m tpOftvmukd xdr;f odr;f apmihaf &Smufonfh &ckid rf *FvmpnfawmftzGUJ
    ESpfzGJU &Sdygonf/ if;wkdYrSm blk;oD;awmifNrdKU? trSwf(4)&yfuGuf oajyukef;&yfuGuf&Sd vli,frsm;u zGJUpnf;
    wnfaxmifxm;onfh ]]ukv&uw
    d &uKd ipf nfawmf}}tzGUJ ESifh trSw(f 5) awmifajc&yfuu
    G &f dS vli,frsm; zGUJ pnf;xm;
    onfh ]]Ak'ylaZed,&TDa'gif;rif; &ckdifr*Fvmpnfawmf}}tzGJUwkdYjzpfMuonf/
    trSwf(5) awmifajc&yfuGuf&Sd Ak'ylaZed, &TDa'gif;rif; &ckdifr*FvmpnfawmftzGJUukd 1350 ckESpf
    oDwif;uRwfvqef; (14)&ufaeYwGif NrdKUrat;apwDausmif;wkduf q&mawmf OD;eEDom&tm; trSL;xm;
    0goem&Sif vli,frsm;u pkaygif;wnfaxmifjcif; jzpfonf/
    trSwf(4)oajyukef;&yfuGuf&Sd ukv&udw &ufdKifr*FvmpnfawmftzGJUukd 1989 ckESpfcefYwGif? *Em&D
    awm&ausmif;q&mawmf OD;ar'a'0tm; trSKxm; 0goem&Siv
    f il ,frsm;u zGUJ pnf;wnfaxmifMujcif;jzpf\/
    tzGUJ (2)zGUJ pvk;H wGif r*Fvmpnfawmf igp;vk;H pD&MdS uygonf/ if;pnfawmfrsm;wGif taqmifpnfwpfv;Hk pD
    ESihf t&efpnfawmf(4)vkH;pD yg0ifygonf/
    if;&ckid rf *FvmpnfawmftzGUJ rsm;onf bmoma&;? vlraI &;qkid &f myGaJ wmfrsm;s? tcrf;tem;rsm;wGif yg0if
    wD;cwfavh&SdMuygonf/ txl;ojzihf &SifjyKr*FvmyGJ? uxdefyGJ? tvSLawmfr*FvmyGJrsm;? tcrf;tem;zGihfyGJrsm;?
    ta&;BuD;yk*dKvfrsm;tm; BudKqkdyGJ ponfhyGJawmfrsm;wGif wD;cwfajzazsmf tokH;jyKvsuf &SdaeMuygonf/
    trSw(f 5)&yfuu
    G rf S vli,frsm;u wnfaxmifxm;aom Ak'y al Zed, &TaD 'gif;rif; &ckid rf *Fvm pnfawmf
    tzGUJ ykid f pnfawmfrsm;rSm ,cktcxtg aygufvsu&f adS Mumif; od&ygonf/ xkaYd Mumifh trSw(f 4)&yfuu
    G &f dS vli,f
    rsm; wnfaxmifzGJUpnf;xm;aom ukv&udw&udKifr*FvmpnfawmftzGJUomvsif tqifhoifhwD;cwfEdkifaom
    taetxm;wGif &SdaMumif; od&ygonf/

    (2) kd;&mpyfyef;csDvkyfief; (c) o*Fpmvkyfief;


    vkyif ef;onf a&S;tcgu bke;f awmfBu;D ysyH rJG sm;wGif jyKvyk w
    f wfaom pHausmif;? pHcsed ?f avmifwu
    dk rf sm;
    wGif tEkynmwpf&yftjzpf tokH;jyKcJhMuonf?
    bkl;oD;awmifNrdKUay:wGif ,cif vkyfief;ukd uRrf;usifwwfuRrf;olrsm; &SdcJhMuonf/ a':at;jrOD;\

    bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fjzpfpOforkdif;

    234

    bcif OD;pdeo
    f mxGe;f rSm xif&mS ;oljzpfco
    hJ nf/ ,cktcg NrKd Uay: trSw(f 4)&yfuu
    G af e OD;rJarmifqo
    dk w
    l pfO;D om
    usefawmh\/ bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f atmufykdif;&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;wGifvnf; wwfuRrf;olrsm;&SdaMumif; od&onf/
    ynm&Sifrsm;onf ,cktcg tokbqkdif&m tcrf;tem;rsm;wGif yg0ifulnDay;vsuf&SdMuonf/

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