Professional Documents
Culture Documents
REVIEW
PART2
Which of the following methods would
provide the most accurate information
for students collecting data about local
attitudes concerning the use of
alternative fuels for automobiles?
F Take an opinion poll of drivers
G Listen to speeches given by politicians
H Study newspaper articles
J Track prices at nearby gas stations
12 Which bird’s foot is best adapted to
flying into a region and picking up
prey?
ANS. J
The diagram shows a simplified
nitrogen cycle. Which process is
responsible for returning nitrogen to
the air?
F Excretion
G Decomposition
H Photosynthesis
J Nitrification
In the lab setup pictured
above, a student is trying to
determine the effect of
pollutants on the growth of
three groups of seeds. The
results will not be valid
because the experiment
has no —
A conclusion
B hypothesis
C control
D variable
Cowbirds often lay eggs in the nests of
other songbirds. The young cowbirds grow up
hearing the songs of their foster parents but
sing cowbird songs when they are adults. This
is an example of —
A imprinting
B instinct
C mimicry
D camouflage
Ifa student needed to obtain 8.0 mL
of liquid for an experiment, the
appropriate piece of laboratory
equipment to use would be a —
A 50 mL beaker
B 1.0 mL pipet
C 50 mL flask
D 10.0 mL graduated cylinder
Which of the following best describes
why an experiment should be repeated?
A To organize the data
B To produce a variety of results
C To include another variable
D To verify the observed results
Ifa lab group were
using hydrochloric
acid to perform a
substitution reaction,
which precaution
would not be a
concern?
A Flammability
B Health
C Reactivity
D Contact
First measurement: 6.293 g
Second measurement: 6.294 g
Third measurement: 6.295 g
A student obtained these data after measuring
the mass of an object three
different times. If the true value of the
object’s mass is 5.550 g, these data are
best described as —
F precise but not accurate
G accurate but not precise
H accurate and precise
J neither accurate nor precise
A team of chemistry students made the
above measurements and density
calculations of the same type of material.
The accepted value (true value) of the
density of the material is 5.72 g/cm3. Which
trial has the least amount of absolute error?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
The energy required to melt a
solid into a liquid is called —
F heat of vaporization
G heat of fusion
H cooling curve
J triple point
The figure shows an experimental
setup used to separate the components
of a colored ink sample. Which of the
following describes this laboratory
technique?
A Chromatography
B Filtration
C Decanting
D Distillation
Which basic lab technique involves
the separation of a mixture’s
components through differences in
particle size?
A Filtration
B Extraction
C Distillation
D Crystallization
The atomic number
corresponds to an atom’s
number of —
F protons
G neutrons
H electrons
J positrons
Which element naturally
occurs as a diatomic
molecule?
A Zn
B C
C K
D H
How should 0.000365 be
expressed in proper scientific
notation?
F 3.65 104
G 365
H 3.65
J 3.65 10-4
What is represented by the pH of a
solution?
F Partial pressure of hydrogen ions in the
solution
G Electronegativity of dissociated
hydrogen ions in the solution
H Concentration of hydrogen ions in the
solution
J Temperature of hydrogen ions in the
solution
Gravitational potential energy is the energy an
object possesses due to its position
relative to Earth’s surface. Which of the
following involve the conversion of
gravitational potential energy into electric
energy?
A. solar cell generators
B. nuclear power plants
C. wind electric generators
D. hydroelectric power plants
Studies from 1830 indicated that a remote island
chain in the Pacific Ocean had 13 separate species
of finches. Each finch species had a distinctive
beak shape that was specialized for eating a
particular type of food. In spite of these
differences, there were strong similarities shared
by the finches. A scientist hypothesized that the
13 species of finches descended from a common
ancestor. Which of the following factors produced
variation in the finch species?
A. mutation
B. extinction
C. overpopulation
D. artificial selection
Kevin hypothesized that dark colors absorb more heat than light colors. He put equal
quantities of water in a can covered with black paper and in a can covered with
white paper. Kevin measured the temperature of the water in each can at regular
intervals on several sunny days. He constructed a graph to display the average
Which of the following best explains why the curve flattens out
at the X mark?
A. Predators could not catch the doves.
B. Food in the environment was limited.
C. Severe winters destroyed nesting sites.
D. The doves were able to find many mates.
The graph below shows the relationship of the mass in
grams (g) of three liquids at the same temperature and
with the same volume.
Ans. C
Which of the following is an example of a
physical change?
A. Iron exposed to air produces rust.
B. Hydrogen combined with oxygen forms
water.
C. Sulfur combined with oxygen produces
sulfur dioxide.
D. Liquid nitrogen exposed to air becomes
nitrogen gas.
A solid cube was put into a cylinder containing
four liquids with different densities as shown
below.
The cube fell quickly
through layer A, fell
slowly through layer B,
and stopped upon
reaching layer C. The
density of the cube most
likely lies between
A. 1.00 and 1.50 g/cm3.
B. 1.51 and 3.50 g/cm3.
C. 3.51 and 6.00 g/cm3.
D. 6.00 and 9.00 g/cm3.
A student was assigned to take water
samples from a lake near his home. He
measured the pH of one of the water
samples to be 6.0. Which of the following
best describes this sample of water?
A. highly acidic
B. slightly acidic
C. highly basic
D. slightly basic
Which of the following groups of
organisms uses sunlight to
convert carbon dioxide and water
into sugar and oxygen?
A. carnivores
B. decomposers
C. herbivores
D. producers
The ocean water near the equator
absorbs more heat throughout the
year than ocean water near the North
Pole. Which of the following best
explains this difference?
A. The equator is closer to the Sun.
B. The equator has higher sea levels.
C. The equator receives more direct
sunlight.
D. The equator rotates more quickly
on Earth’s axis.
Which of the following is an example
of a physical change but not a
chemical change?
A. A log gives off heat and light as it
burns.
B. A tree stores energy from the Sun
in its fruit.
C. A penny lost in the grass slowly
changes color.
D. A water pipe freezes and cracks on
a cold night.
Which of the following is an
example of the formation of a
mixture?
A. rust forming on an iron nail
B. sugar crystals dissolving in
water
C. sodium and chlorine forming
table salt
D. hydrogen and oxygen reacting
to produce water
Which of the following
substances can be separated
into several elements?
A. nitrogen
B. zinc
C. air
D. aluminum
Which of the following best describes
a role of mushrooms in ecosystems?
A. capturing energy from sunlight
B. consuming living plant material
C. taking energy from animal hosts
D. breaking down dead plant material
Which of the following is a
characteristic of all chemical
changes?
A. A different state of matter is
produced.
B. Some mass is converted to energy.
C. Some form of light is given off.
D. A new material is formed.
What is the smallest unit
of an element that still has
the properties of that
element?
A. an atom
B. a compound
C. an electron
D. a molecule
The organism in the terrestrial food web that corresponds to
the krill in the marine food web is labeled X. Which of the
following organisms is most likely organism X?
ANS A
Similar structures are present in the embryos of
fish, chickens, and rabbits. In fish, these
structures develop into gills, but in chickens and
rabbits, they either disappear or develop into
other body parts later in embryonic development.
Which of the statements below best explains the
presence of these structures in the embryos of all
three species?
A. The embryos of the three species are similar in
size.
B. Breathing structures are similar among the
young of the three species.
C. The three species have a common ancestor
with these embryonic structures.
D. The reproductive mechanisms are similar
among the adults of the three species.
The water cycle would not
occur if which of the
following were missing?
A. animals
B. bacteria
C. ice caps
D. solar energy
Part of a tundra food web is shown
below.
Which of the following
describes the relationship
between the sedge and the
arctic hare?
A. competition
B. host-parasite
C. mutualism
D. producer-consumer
A car is parked on the side of a hill.
Which of the following most likely prevents
the car from moving down the hill?
A. The car has too much mass to move
easily.
B. There is friction in the door hinges of
the car.
C. There is friction between the tires and
the road.
D. The weight of the car is mostly on the
front wheel
A cart at the top of a hill is released and
rolls down the hill. Which of the following
describes the energy of the cart just as it
reaches the bottom of the hill?
A. The cart has no energy.
B. The cart has maximum kinetic energy.
C. The cart has maximum gravitational
potential energy.
D.
The cart has equal gravitational
potential and kinetic energy.
Which of the following is a
vector quantity?
A. mass
B. force
C. temperature
D. kinetic energy
What is the mass of an
object weighing 63 N on
Earth?
A. 0.1 kg
B. 6.3 kg
C. 73 kg
D. 617 kg
How long will it take a car to
accelerate from 20 m/s to 26 m/s
at a rate of 1.4 m/s2?
A. 2.2 s
B. 2.7 s
C. 4.3 s
D. 4.6 s
A crane lifts two 100 kg loads of building
materials to the top of a building under
construction. The first load is lifted in 10 s
and the second load is lifted in 13 s.
Which of the following statements best
compares the work and power expended by
the crane lifting the two loads?
A. The crane does more work and expends
more power for the first lift.
B. The crane does the same work and
expends the same power for each lift.
C. The crane does the same work for each
lift but expends more power for the first
lift.
D. The crane does more work in the second
lift but expends the same power for each
lift.
The graph below relates velocity to time.
Thisrelationship is an example of —
A predation
B parasitism
C mutualism
D commensalism
Which of the following pieces of equipment
would be most appropriate for measuring the
volume of a marble?
Ans. B
Wolves and hawks are at the same trophic
level because they —
A both live on land
B are both large mammals
C both eat primary consumers
D have similar hunting patterns
Approximately how much of
the energy available in the
tissues of the producer is
eventually incorporated into
the tissues of a secondary
consumer?
A Less than 1%
B Between 20% and 30%
C Approximately 50%
D More than 50%
Objects of the same mass but of different sizes
and shapes were dropped from a given height.
Their rates of free fall were measured and
recorded. Which of the following is most likely
the question this experiment was designed to
answer?
F How does height affect the force of gravity?
G How does gravity affect objects of different
densities?
H How do mass and weight affect falling objects?
J How do size and shape affect an object’s rate of
free fall?
Laboratory equipment is cleaned and properly
stored after use primarily so that —
A chemical products can be measured and
recorded as data
B time is saved in setting up the next
experiment
C toxic materials can be kept in the laboratory
D the possibility of contamination in the
laboratory is minimized
Four different living organisms are shown
below.
ANS B
This picture indicates
that the chemical
represented is —
F pressurized
G corrosive
H flammable
J toxic
The diagram above is intended to show
relationships in an ecosystem. What do the
arrows represent?
F The direction of population migration
G Differences in dietary habits
H Progressively smaller organisms
J The direction of energy flow
In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of
100 cm onto five different materials. The rebound
height of each drop is shown in the graph. Which
of the following describes the hypothesis most
likely being tested?
A The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
B The material the ball is made of affects the
rebound height.
C The height the ball is dropped from affects the
rebound height.
D The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the
rebound height.