Appendix A Derivation of Angle of Deviation through a Prism

D i0 a r0 A b i1 r1

1 2

4
Chain rule:

from 1:
using implicit differentiation

6 from 3: from 2:
using implicit differentiation

Appendix A Derivation of Angle of Deviation through a Prism

D i0 a r0 A b i1 r1

5,6 and 7 into 8:

Setting to zero to find the minimum: 9 1 and 2 into 9:

10 Therefore, the minimum angle of deviation occurs where the internal angle of refraction is equal to the internal angle of incidence, and therefore the ray is travelling symmetrically through the prism. 1 and 2 into 4: from 10: -A

From 3 and 10: