1.

According to Dictionary of Education authored by Ramesh Shukla (2005), Learning is a process that builds or modifies understanding, capacities, abilities, attitudes, and propensities of the individual. Moreover, Instruction is the communication that takes place between the teacher and the learner. In addition, Technology is a branch of knowledge that develops hard and soft wares and tools to aid the learning process. LCD- Instruction- Learning 2. a. Identification of objective- based on capability, needs and preference of learners b. Designing the learning process- suited to carry out learning objective c. Evaluating the Learning Experience- evaluate the actual result if it is effective d. Improvement of Learning Experience- modify, develop areas that needs attention/emphasis 3. Elder Sophists= Techne- process of applying knowledge in a systematic way to practical art of instruction. Proponents such as Thorndike, Dewey, et.al) 19th century- development of textbook, blackboard and invention of photography. 1926- Educational films started to be produced. 1932- First TV in the university, Iowa Early 1960s- Channel 9 Education on TV produced by Fr. James Reuter, SJ 1961- college course in physics aired in national commercial tv stations META (Metropolitan Education Television)

SEAMEO-INNOTECH (SouthEast Asian Ministry of Education OrganizationCenter for Innovation and Technology. Projects: IMPACT, ISOSA, RIT, CB-BLP 4. Teacher May act as a facilitator, catalyst or director of the learning process. Hayden anf Torkelson (1973) and Schramm (1969) suggested the following guidelines: a. Be open to innovation- open minded to try new things and alternatives to educl tech. b. Use Media Effectively- Must be creative and learn how to experiment on how to use media effectively c. Cultivate a commitment and continuous Assessment- tryout and summative evolution are essential in order to provide feedback to the teacher d. Promote the Humanizing Aspect of Educational Tech- Teachers must be able to develop media and materials that support independent learning by students

5. a. MODEL and MOCK-UPS- are representation of a subject for learning that is impossible to bring to class. (Ex. GLOBE- adv. 3D, DISADV. Confusion of size) b. Object and SpecimenObject- are actual things removed from their natural habitat so it can be brought to the classroom for study. (Butterfly) Specimen- are also object but is considered representative of a group or class (Coral) ADV. Real, 3d DISADV. Not easy to find

c. Dioramas- 3D instructional media that depicts a situation in a miniature form. (Ex. Malacanang, Sto. Nino Shrine) ADV. 3D DISAD- confusion of size.

6. a. Easy to Access Course Materials- Tecahers can post in a website and students can download info. b. Student Motivation- computer based instruction can give instant feedback to students (James Kuliks study confirms that computer has positive effect in instruction and learning. c. Wide Participation- learning material can be used in distance learning and is accessible to a wider audience. 7. ABCD Component Objectives A. AUDIENCE- who the learners are B. BEHAVIOR- the learning outcome to be exhibited by the students C. CONDITIONS- Tools that may be used for specific student D. DEGREE- criterion or standard of acceptable performance in terms of accuracy 8. a. VISUAL LEARNERb. AUDITORY LEARNER c. KINESTHETIC LEARNER

9. Selection- means to choose the material which best fills the need of the teacher. -proper way of selecting the media to be utilized on the basis of applicability, compatibility, accessibility and affordability. Selection is important because media can perform most informational and instructional function.