Moulage

Overlapping of skull bones and inability to reduce it with gentle pressure is considered as moulding +++; ++ indicates overlapping of the bones that can be reduced by gentle digital pressure and + indicates meeting of the bones without any overlap.

Dikutip dari Dewhurt 2007

The change in fetal head shape from external compressive forces is referred to as molding. Molding results in a shortened suboccipitobregmatic diameter. These changes are of greatest importance in women with contracted pelves or asynclitic presentations. In these circumstances, the degree to which the head is capable of molding may make the difference between spontaneous vaginal delivery and an operative delivery.
Dikutip Williams ed 23

Caput Succedaneum
In vertex presentations, the fetal head changes shape as the result of labor forces. In prolonged labors before complete cervical dilatation, the portion of the fetal scalp immediately over the cervical os becomes edematous. This swelling known as the caput succedaneum. It usually attains a thickness of only a few millimeters, but in prolonged labors it may be sufficiently extensive to prevent the differentiation of the various sutures and fontanels. More commonly, the caput is formed when the head is in the lower portion of the birth canal and frequently only after the resistance of a rigid vaginal outlet is encountered. Because it develops over the most dependent area of the head, one may deduce the original fetal head position by noting the location of the caput succedaneum
Dikutip williams ed 23

DTA
The head is deep into the cavity, the sagittal suture is placed in the transverse bispinous diameter and there is no progress in descent of the head even after -1 hour following full dilatation of the cervix. (Dutta (2008)

 Persalinan terhenti dengan ubun-ubun kecil tetap melintang baru di diagnosis posisi oksipitalis transversalis persisten atau disebut juga transverse arrset. Bila transverse arrest dengan penurunan kepala masih di atas spina iskiadika disebut dengan high transverse arrest, kalau penurunan sudah di bawah spina iskiadika disebut deep transverse arrest
video Buku fetomaternal