CHUYN

CNG TC QUN L CHT THI NGUY HI PHT SINH T CC HOT NG HA CHT

S Ti nguyn v Mi trng TP.HCM ( Ths. Ng Thnh c - Phng qun l cht thi rn ) (Thng 12-2010)
A. Nguyn tc chung , c im v yu cu

1. Nguyn tc chung - Cht thi nguy hi (CTNH) v cng tc qun l nh nc v CTNH n nay c th ch ha bng Lut nh v cc vn bn php quy nh nc. Theo Lut Bo v Mi trng ( Lut s: 52/2005/QH11) : Cht thi nguy hi l cht thi cha yu t c hi, phng x, d chy, d n, d n mn, d ly nhim, gy ng c hoc c tnh nguy hi khc. - Qun l cht thi l hot ng phn loi, thu gom, vn chuyn, gim thiu, ti s dng, ti ch, x l, tiu hy, thi loi cht thi. 2. c im - Nh vy yu t c hi hm cha trong tnh nguy hi. Ha cht c hi th tt nhin nguy hi v nguy hi th c lin quan n c hi trc tip hay gin tip n ngi tip xc. - Tinh an toan trong cc hot ng ha cht ngy nay nn c hiu di khi nim rng l an ton khng ch cho sc khe m cn mi trng; khng ch ngng gy hi m cn ngng tch ly. - Trong i sng x hi hin i, CTNH pht sinh t mi hot ng sn xut cng nghip, thng mi, dch v, sinh hot Xt v mt khoa hc, tt c CTNH u c ngun gc l cc ha cht c bn nh acid, baz, cc kim loi nng (Hg,As,Pb) hoc cc dn xut ha hc ( dung mi hu c, du khong, thuc bo v thc vt k c thuc tn dc; bao b, thng cha ha cht, cht thi c hi ) thi ra sau qu trnh s dng. 3.. Yu cu quan ly nha nc v CTNH phat sinh t cac hoat ng hoa cht Theo chc nng nhim v c giao, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng hin ang thc hin cng tc qun l nh nc v CTNH di 02 dng: CTNH pht sinh thng xuyn v CTNH pht sinh khng thng xuyn. Cc loi ha cht thuc danh mc CTNH theo Lut nh ( hin nay l Quyt nh 23/2006/BTNMT), pht sinh thng xuyn l cc ha cht thi ra sau qu trnh s dng thng l trong hot ng sn xut cng nghip Cc loi ha cht thuc danh mc CTNH theo Lut nh, pht sinh khng thng xuyn l cc ha cht b ch nh phi x l, tiu hy trong cc trng hp sau: + b h hng, qu hn s dng nn khng c c quan chc nng cho php kinh doanh hay s dng do c th gy nh hng n ngi tiu dng ( in hnh l trng hp Cng ty Tn Hip Pht - thng 7-2009)
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+ B c quan kim sot xut nhp khu ( Hi quan) lu gi khng c thng quan do khng p ng iu kin nhp khu ( khng m bm cht lng nhp khu, th tc nhp khu ha cht khng ng qui nh,) Hi quan s yu cu ch hng phi ti xut hoc phi x l, tiu hy trong nc. + Do b tch thu bi lc lng qun l th trng ( hng gian, hng gi) Trong thc t, nhiu loi ha cht cng nghip (sn xut trong nc hay nhp khu vo Vit Nam) d ch hng xc nh l khng c hin din thnh phn nguy hi hoc qua kim nh c kt qu t 1 s ch tiu nguy hi th c quan qun l nh nc vn phi yu cu x l, tiu hy nh CTNH do khng th chng minh v lng ht c s bin cht ca chng trong iu kin kh hu nhit i; do khng th m bo vic kim nh l cc ch tiu. V mt qui nh nh nc i vi qun l CTNH , hai dng CTNH nu trn khi pht sinh, ch ngun thi u phi k hp ng chuyn giao trch nhim x l CTNH cho n v dch v c cp Giy php hnh ngh vn chuyn hoc Giy php hnh ngh x l tiu hy cht thi nguy hi do S Ti nguyn v Mi trng hoc B Ti nguyn v Mi trng cp php. Tuy nhin v mt th tc hnh chnh trong qu trnh thc hin vic x l CTNH th khc nhau: CTNH pht sinh thng xuyn phi ng k S ch ngun thi ti S TN-MT v xc nhn vic chuyn giao x l thng qua Chng t qun l CTNH; CTNH l ha cht thi pht sinh khng thng xuyn th ch ngun thi cn lp phng n x l, gi h s ngh hng dn, ph duyt phng n x l CTNH vo S TN-MT v vic xc nhn vic chuyn giao x l thng qua Bin bn thanh l l hng . B. QUN L K THUT CTNH PHT SINH T HOT NG HA CHT Cc loi ha cht thi b do pht sinh t hot ng kinh doanh, sn xut, tiu dng hay do yu cu php l phi thi b u c th l cht thi nguy hi. Vic xem xt, nh gi chng phi chng l CTNH c cn c trn cc yu t : c tnh nguy hi; Quy chun k thut quc gia v ngng cht thi nguy hi- QCVN 07: 2009/BTNMT; 1. Cc c tnh ca CTNH + D n (N): Cc cht thi th rn hoc lng m bn thn chng c th n do kt qu ca phn ng ho hc (khi tip xc vi ngn la, b va p hoc ma st), to ra cc loi kh nhit , p sut v tc gy thit hi cho mi trng xung quanh. + D chy(C): Cht thi lng c nhit bt chy thp hn 60 C,cht rn c kh nng t bc chy hoc pht la do b ma st, hp thu m, do thay i ha hc t pht trong cc iu kin bnh thng, kh nn c th chy. + Oxy ho (OH): Cc cht thi c kh nng nhanh chng thc hin phn ng oxy ho to nhit mnh khi tip xc vi cc cht khc, c th gy ra hoc gp phn t chy cc cht . + n mn (AM): l cc cht hoc hn hp cc cht c tnh axit mnh (pH nh hn hoc bng 2), hoc kim mnh (pH ln hn hoc bng 12,5). + C c tnh ( ): - c tnh cp: Cc cht thi c th gy t vong, tn thng nghim trng hoc c hi cho sc kho qua ng n ung, h hp hoc qua da.

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- c tnh t t hoc mn tnh: Cc cht thi c th gy ra cc nh hng t t hoc mn tnh, k c gy ung th, do n phi, ht th phi hoc ngm qua da. - Sinh kh c: Cc cht thi cha cc thnh phn m khi tip xc vi khng kh hoc vi nc s gii phng ra kh c, gy nguy him i vi ngi v sinh vt. - C c tnh sinh thi (S): Cc cht thi c th gy ra cc tc hi nhanh chng hoc t t i vi mi trng thng qua tch lu sinh hc v/hoc gy tc hi n cc h sinh vt . + D ly nhim (LN): Cc cht thi c cha vi sinh vt hoc c t gy bnh cho ngi v ng vt. 2. nh hng ca CTNH CTNH nu khng c qun l cht ch, khng m bo an ton trong thu gom, lu gi, vn chuyn, x l th xy ra cc ri ro, s c s gy hu qu rt nghim trng, nh hng n mi trng sng v sc khe cng ng. Ty thuc vo c tnh v bn cht ca cht thi m khi thi vo mi trng s gy nn cc tc ng khc nhau.
Bng 1. Cc mi nguy hi theo cc c tnh ca cht thi i vi mi trng v con ngi

Nhm c tnh (*) nguy hi 1 Cht d chy n

Nguy hi i vi ngi tip xc Gy tn thng da , bng v c th dn n t vong

Nguy hi i vi mi trng Ph hy vt liu, ph hy cng trnh. T qu trnh chy n, cc cht d chy n hay sn phm ca chng cng c c tnh nguy hi, pht tn ra mi trng, gy nhim v ngun nc, khng kh, t. nh hng n khng kh nhim khng kh t nh n nghim trng Gy nhim nc nghim trng Thng hnh thnh cc sn phm chy c hi nhim khng kh C kh nng gy nhim c nc nhim nc nghim trng

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Kh c, kh d chy Cht lng d chy Cht rn d chy Tc nhn xy ha Cht c Cht ly nhim Cht n mn

Gy ha hon, gy bng Chy n gy bng Ha hon, gy bng Cc phn ng ha hc gy chy n Gy nh hng cp tnh v mn tnh n sc khe Lan truyn bnh

Hnh thnh nhng nguy c lan truyn bnh tt n mn, chy da, nh nhim nc v khng kh hng n phi v Gy h hi vt liu mt

3. Cc ngun pht sinh CTNH c th pht sinh t cc ngun thi, dng thi khc nhau, ch yu t cc ngun pht sinh sau y: + T sn xut cng nghip y l ngun pht sinh CTNH a dng, vi s lng ln chim trn 80% khi lng CTNH trong tng khi lng CTNH pht thi ti thnh ph.
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+ T hot ng nng nghip Ch yu s dng cc thuc bo v thc vt nh thuc tr su, thuc dit c, phc v cho hot ng nng nghip. CTNH in hnh pht sinh l cc bao b thi, cc dng chai l thy tinh; thng nha; bao nylon , cn cha hoc nhim thuc bo v thc vt. + T Kinh doanh - Thng mi - Dch v Nhp xut khu cc hng ha c tnh cht c hi khng t yu cu hoc tn lu hng ha n ht hn s dng, bin i cht, dn n pht sinh lng ln cht thi cn x l. + T hot ng lin quan v y t Cc cht thi nguy hi pht sinh ch yu l cht thi cha cc tc nhn ly nhim (kim tim, bnh truyn dch, bnh phm ,); ha cht thi cha thnh phn nguy hi; cc loi dc phm gy c t bo + T hot ng gio dc- nghin cu Do s dng ha cht trong cc phng th nghim phc v cho cng tc ging dy, nghin cu chuyn mn nn c pht sinh CTNH. + T sinh hot Trong sinh hot cng pht sinh cht thi nguy hi, in hnh c th k n cc cht thi nh : pin, ac quy, bng n hunh quang thi, ha cht kh khun, dit cn trng. 4. Nhn dng v phn loi CTNH nhn dng cht thi pht sinh c c tnh nguy hi hay khng nguy hi c th cn c theo hng dn ti Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh Danh mc cht thi nguy hi. Trong Danh mc ny, cc loi CTNH c phn chia theo 19 mc theo nhm ngnh ngh sn xut v dng thi, bao gm 1. Cht thi t ngnh thm d, khai thc, ch bin khong sn, du kh v than 2. Cht thi t ngnh sn xut ho cht v c 3. Cht thi t ngnh sn xut ho cht hu c 4. Cht thi t ngnh nhit in v cc qu trnh nhit khc 5. Cht thi t ngnh luyn kim 6. Cht thi t ngnh sn xut vt liu xy dng v thu tinh 7. Cht thi t qu trnh x l, che ph b mt, to hnh kim loi v cc vt liu khc 8. Cht thi t qu trnh sn xut, iu ch, cung ng, s dng cc sn phm che ph (sn, vc ni, men thu tinh), cht kt dnh, cht bt kn v mc in 9. Cht thi t ngnh ch bin g, sn xut cc sn phm g, giy v bt giy 10. Cht thi t ngnh ch bin da, lng v dt nhum 11. Cht thi xy dng v ph d (k c t o t cc khu vc b nhim) 12. Cht thi t cc c s ti ch, x l, tiu hu cht thi, x l nc cp sinh hot v cng nghip 13. Cht thi t ngnh y t v th y (tr cht thi sinh hot t ngnh ny) 14 Cht thi t ngnh nng nghip, lm nghip v thu sn 15. Thit b, phng tin giao thng vn ti ht hn s dng v cht thi t hot ng ph d, bo dng thit b, phng tin giao thng vn ti 16. Cht thi h gia nh v cht thi sinh hot t cc ngun khc 17. Du thi, cht thi t nhin liu lng, cht thi dung mi hu c, mi cht lnh v cht y (propellant) 18. Cc loi cht thi bao b, cht hp th, gi lau, vt liu lc v vi bo v 19. Cc loi cht thi khc
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Trong 19 mc phn loi CTNH ny c hiu l : - T nhm 01 n nhm 16 bao gm nhng nhm cht thi c trng cho tng loi ngun hoc dng thi khc nhau - Cc nhm 16,17,18 bao gm nhng nhm cht thi chung ca mi ngun thi u c th pht sinh. Cn lu i vi mt ngun thi bt k c th pht sinh nhng cht thi nguy hi nm trong nhiu mc khc nhau. + Phn loi cc nhm cht thi Nhm m bo CTNH c x l ring bit, trnh ln vo cc loi cht thi sinh hot v cht thi rn cng nghip khng nguy hi cn c th tn dng ti ch c, nht thit phi phn loi CTNH ra khi cc cht thi khc v lu cha ring bit. Cht thi pht sinh trong hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v c phn loi thnh 02 nhm chnh: - Nhm 1. Cht thi nguy hi. Nhm 2. Cc loi cht thi thng thng, bao gm: Cht thi rn cng nghip khng nguy hi c th c ti ch, ti s dng; Cht thi khng tn dng c nhng khng b nhim CTNH v phi x l, tiu hy hoc chn lp. Vic xc nh v phn loi cht thi tin hnh theo cc bc sau: Bc 1. Xc nh Danh mc cht thi pht simh Lit k tt c cc loi cht thi pht sinh ti c s t hot ng sn xut, hot ng vn phng, sinh hot (bp n), cc kho nguyn vt liu, ha cht (do ht hn s dng hoc bin i tnh cht) t xy dng thnh Danh mc cht thi pht sinh ti n v. Bc 2. Phn loi cht thi Tin hnh phn loi cht thi t Danh mc cht thi ra thnh 02 nhm: cht thi nguy hi v cht thi thng thng Bc 2.1. Phn loi cht thi nguy hi - Da vo ngun thi (t ngnh ngh sn xut) trong Danh mc cht thi nguy hi ca Quyt nh s s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006, r sot, xc nh cc loi CTNH c trong Danh mc cht thi lit k ti Bc 1. - Lu phi r sot trong nhm ngun hoc dng thi chnh nu trn xc nh nhm cht thi phn loi theo phn nhm ngun hoc dng thi lin quan. - Sau khi xc nh CTNH trong danh mc cht thi, CTNH c phn loi theo th t cc tiu ch sau: + Theo tnh cht nguy hi chnh : Tnh N (N) - Tnh Chy (C)- Qxy ha (OH) -n Mn (AM)- c tnh ()- c Sinh thi (S) D ly nhim (LN) + Kh nng ti ch: cht thi nguy hi c kh nng ti ch ( du nht thi, phi kim loi nhim du nht, bao b thi,..) - cht thi nguy hi khng c kh nng ti ch ( gi lau dnh du nht thi,) Bc 2.2. Phn loi cht thi thng thng
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- Nhm cht thi c th dng ti ch, ti s dng; bao gm cc loi chnh: ph liu thi ra t qu trnh sn xut; bao b bng giy, kim loi, thy tinh, hoc cht do khc; - Nhm cht thi phi tiu hy hoc chn lp, bao gm cc loi chnh: cc cht thi hu c (cc loi l cy, cy, rau, thc phm, xc ng vt,); cc loi cht thi khc khng th ti s dng. + ngha ca vic phn loi CTNH Phn loi CTNH vi cc loi cht thi khc l bo v mi trng sng, thc hin theo quy nh ca Lut Bo v Mi trng . Phn loi cc CTNH theo c tnh khc nhau vic tn thu tr li cc cht thi cn nhiu gi tr kinh t v nhm a cc loi cht thi i theo quy trnh x l thch hp, m bo x l hiu qu v an ton v mi trng. + Khng nn ln cht thi nguy hi vi nhau CTNH khi khng c phn loi, khng lu gi ring bit, khi ln vi nhau chng c nhiu c hi tip xc, vi iu kin thch hp s c tng tc phn ng vi nhau. Hu qu s rt nghim trng nu c s c chy n xy ra hoc to thnh nhng cht c hi tim tng m chng ta khng kim sot c. 5. Lu gi an ton cht thi nguy hi : 5.1 S cn thit ca vic lu gi ti ngun i vi CTNH Khi c cht thi nguy hi pht sinh, nhng cha c chuyn giao n n v c chc nng x l, phi c lu gi tm ti kho bi ca ni pht sinh cht thi nguy hi (cng ty, nh my, c s sn xut,) Vic lu gi, tn tr nhiu loi cht thi nguy hi l mt vic lm cn thit v vic phn khu lu gi gp phn lm tng tnh an ton ca kho lu gi, trnh cc s c c th xy ra gy bt li i vi mi trng v con ngi. Vic lu gi phi m bo v tnh an ton : khng b r r, khng bay hi, khng chy trn (kn), bn ngoi c dn nhn cnh bo theo c tnh nguy hi ca cht thi, ring bit theo tng loi trong kho bi. 5.2 Thu gom, ng gi, dn nhn Vic thu gom, ng gi, dn nhn l khu c tm quan trng ng k cho vic chn la phng php x l ph hp v m bo an ton trong lu gi, vn chuyn. + Thu gom n v c pht thi CTNH phi c trch nhim thu gom tt c cc loi cht thi nguy hi pht sinh trong cc dy chuyn sn xut lu gi tm, ch n v thu gom, vn chuyn, x l CTNH tip nhn. Sau khi thu gom, cn thit phi phn loi, sp xp v t ring bit cc loi CTNH trong kho, mi loi CTNH c lu gi u phi c bao b lu cha v dn nhn theo quy nh. + ng gi Ch ngun thi s thc hin vic ng gi, lu cha CTNH c pht sinh trong cc bao b t cht lng theo yu cu. Vic la chn bao b lu gi cht thi nguy hi cn ch 2 vn quan trng: s tng thch ha hc v gi c ca vt liu. S la chn vt liu phi c thc hin
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mt cch cn thn ty theo tng ng dng c th trong lu n s thay i v ha hc, nhit lu gi v p sut. Cc yu t khc cn c cn nhc nh iu kin p sut thng, iu kin kh hu (c bit ch n kh nng bo, lt, ng t). Bao b cha CTNH phi c cht lng tt, tha mn cc yu cu sau : - V tnh nng khng b n mn, khng tng tc ha hc vi CTNH cn lu gi, chu c p sut, nhit trong nhng trng hp lu gi c bit. - m bo v bn do ma st khi vn chuyn, c np y kn, khng b r r - Cht liu ph hp theo vic lu cha CTNH cc dng lng, rn, c tnh cht ha hc khc nhau.(cc loi c s dng nha, thy tinh, kim loi). V d : Axit thi, baz thi l CTNH c c tnh n mn, khng th lu gi chng trong bao b bng kim loi. Nu s dng bao b bng kim loi, theo thi gian kim loi s b n mn, gy rn nt, r r v cc axit, baz s phn tn ra ngoi mi trng. - Tuy nhin cng ty theo nng (c, long) ca axit m s dng bao b bng cc loi nha thch hp. Ch rng cc loi nha PP, PE ch dng cho axit yu khng dng cha cc axit mnh v c nh H2SO4, HNO3, HF - Cn cc vt liu l gang thp, thp khng g khng nn dng lu tr cc axt yu, long.Do cc tng tc ho hc, ha cht n mn dn cht liu ca bao b dn n lu gi s khng an ton. - i vi cc dng dung mi, du nht thi c th s dng bao b lu cha a dng hn: thng bng nha, kim loi. Nhng phi m bo cc yu t khc m bo an ton v kn, khng r r, ph n. Ngoi ra c th tham kho bng d liu an ton (Material Safety Data Sheet MSDS) ca cht thi v Quy phm An ton trong sn xut, s dng, bo qun v vn chuyn ha cht nguy him TCVN - 5507 (nm 1991) ... la chn vt liu cha cho ph hp. + Dn nhn v s dng bin bo CTNH - Vic dn nhn CTNH l trch nhim ca ch ngun thi c pht sinh cht thi nguy hi. - Cc thit b, bao b c s dng cha, lu gi, vn chuyn CTNH nht thit phi c dn nhn hiu cnh bo c ch Cht thi nguy hi. Cht thi nguy hi phi c lm r thuc loi CTNH no. Phn quan trng ca vic dn nhn cnh bo CTNH l thi gian bt u tch ly, cha CTNH. V nguyn tc, c s pht sinh CTNH khng c php lu gi cht thi qu 06 thng, nu cha c php (do vic ghi ngy bt u lu gi CTNH c s dng xc nh v kim sot qu trnh lu gi c ng lut khng). - Khi vn chuyn CTNH cc thit b cha chuyn dng, cc phng tin chuyn ch phi b sung tn, a ch c s pht sinh cht thi, v s lng vo nhn cnh bo. Thc hin tt cng tc ny s gip trnh c cc s c trong qu trnh bc d, phn b cht thi trong kho lu gi, vn chuyn v gip cho vic la chn bin php x l thch hp khi c s c xy ra. Ty theo tiu chun quy nh ca mi nc m du hiu cnh bo phng nga (nhn hiu cnh bo) c th c hnh dng, mu sc v m s khc nhau. Ti Vit Nam, du hiu cnh bo phng nga v m s cht thi c tun theo TCVN 6707-2000. Dn cc bin cnh bo CTNH trn cc bao b lu cha CTNH theo ng c tnh nguy hi ca cht thi. Kch c cc bin bo phi m bo trong khong cch thy c.

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(a) Thng nha h; (b) Thng nha kn; (c) Thng phuy 5.3 Khu vc lu gi CTNH Khu vc lu gi CTNH cn c xc nh r v tr tch bit vi ni sn xut v phi gn bng ghi r l Khu vc lu gi CTNH Ni lu gi CTNH cn phi m bo mt s nguyn tc sau - Phi c mi che hoc c tm bt che ph kn ln trn CTNH lu gi trong cc thng cha an ton trnh nh hng do ma, nng khi tip xc trc tip; (nu kho lu gi CTNH ngoi tri ) - Tng hoc ro li bo v xung quanh

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- C ng thot nc ring khi c s c s trnh s r r ca CTNH vo ng thot nc chung, hn ch ti a CTNH xm nhp vo mi trng xung quanh. - Cc CTNH phi t trn cc pallet m bo khng tip xc trc tip vi mt t. - Phi trang b vt liu thm ht s dng nu c s c chy trn CTNH + B tr sp t ti ni lu gi - Tch bit cc loi CTNH theo dng rn, lng, bn trong cc bao b ph hp khng tng thch v trn cc bao b phi dn cc bin bo CTNH theo ng quy nh - C thng cha b sung bn ngoi cho thng cha cht thi dng lng - ra mc ti a lu gi CTNH trong thi gian cho php theo quy nh ( 6 thng ) v chuyn giao cho n v c chc nng x l - Trang b bo h lao ng y , ph hp v nn ni thng thong. 6. Hng dn s dng du hiu cnh bo, phng nga 6.1 Qui nh chung Trong qu trnh lu gi, thu gom, vn chuyn v x l CTNH, cc Ch ngun thi, Ch vn chuyn, Ch x l CTNH cn s dng cc du hiu cnh bo phng nga c s dng bo trc cho ngi lm vic vi CTNH v cho cng ng ch ti mi nguy him trc tip hoc mi nguy him c th xy ra t CTNH; nhc nh phi thc hin nhng yu cu an ton khi tip cn vi CTNH hoc ch dn nhng thng tin cn thit khc c quy nh phng trnh cc ri ro, tai nn cho con ngi v mi trng. 6.2 Du hiu cnh bo CTNH Hnh dng, kch thc, trnh by, thit k v mu sc ca du hiu cnh bo, phng nga CTNH p dng theo cc qui nh trong TCVN 6707:2000.
Du hiu cnh bo, phng nga i vi CTNH Biu tng v li Du chm than Li: Cht thi nguy hi! ngha Cnh bo chung v s nguy him ca CTNH V tr t Ti v tr cn phng nguy him c th xy ra Ch s dng cng bng ghi ch thuyt minh km theo, ghi r rng bng ch ni dung nguy him. Ti ca kho, trong kho, v tr bo qun, cng on sn xut,c vt liu hoc cht c nguy him n. Trn phng tin hoc bao b cha ng v vn chuyn vt liu hoc cht c nguy him n.

Bom n

D n Cnh bo v nguy c d n ca cht thi

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Ngn la

D chy Cnh bo v nguy c d chy ca cht thi

Xng s v hai khc xng bt cho

Cnh bo v cht thi c cha cc cht c hi (CTNH)

Ti ca kho, trong kho, v tr bo qun, cng on sn xut,c cha cht d chy. Trn phng tin hoc bao b cha ng v vn chuyn cht d chy. Ti ca kho, trong kho, v tr bo qun, cng on sn xut,..c cht c. Trn phng tin hoc bao b cha ng v vn chuyn cht c.

Ba vng khun lc Li: Ly nhim trng!

Cnh bo v cht thi c cha cht gy bnh hoc ngun vi trng gy bnh Cnh bo v cht thi c cha cc thnh phn c hi cho h sinh thi

Cy khng l, con c cht Li: c cho h sinh thi

Bn tay trn v mu Cnh bo v cht kim loi b cht thi c cha cc lng t hai ng cht n mn nghim ri xung. Li: n mn!

Ti ca kho, trong kho, v tr bo qun, cng on sn xut,..c cht ly nhim. Trn phng tin hoc bao b cha ng v vn chuyn cht ly nhim. Ti ca kho, trong kho, v tr bo qun, cng on sn xut,..c cht c tc ng ti h sinh thi. Trn phng tin hoc bao b cha ng v vn chuyn cht c cho h sinh thi. Ti ca kho, trong kho, v tr bo qun, cng on sn xut,c cht n mn. Trn phng tin hoc bao b cha ng v vn chuyn cht n mn.

6.3 i tng p dng Theo thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v Hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k, cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l CTNH c quy nh Phng tin, thit b chuyn dng cho vic thu gom, vn chuyn, ng gi, bo qun v lu gi tm thi CTNH phi c du hiu cnh bo, phng nga theo Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 6707-2000 - Cc t chc, c nhn trong qu trnh hot ng sn xut, hot ng vn phng c pht sinh CTNH v ang lu gi tm thi CTNH ti c s, nht thit phi s dng du hiu cnh bo, phng nga CTNH theo tiu chun Vit Nam 6707:2000. - Cc c s c cp php hnh ngh x l CTNH, khi tip nhn CTNH, lu kho ch x l phi phn loi ring bit v s dng du hiu cnh bo, phng nga CTNH theo tiu chun Vit Nam 6707:2000.
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- Cc c s tham gia vn chuyn CTNH, phi s dng cc bin bo trong qu trnh vn chuyn cht thi nguy hi c th nh sau: + C bin bo XE VN CHUYN CHT THI NGUY HI trc v sau xe vn chuyn; kch thc, kiu ch v mu sc m bo nhn thy r t khong cch 10m. + C cc bin bo nghim cm v phng nga theo tiu chun Vit Nam 6707:2000 hai bn thn xe. Ch treo bin bo tng tng ng vi mi tnh cht nguy hi ca loi cht thi khi vn chuyn. 6.4 ngha ca vic s dng du hiu cnh bo, phng nga CTNH - Du hiu theo tiu chun Vit Nam 6707-2000 l du hiu mang tnh phng nga, phng, bo trc c kh nng nguy him. - Du hiu cnh bo, phng nga CTNH c t ti v tr c th xy ra nguy him, c tc ng bt li ca tng loi CTNH n con ngi v mi trng trong qu trnh lu gi, thu gom, vn chuyn v x l CTNH. ( tham kho theo bng 5 ) - Du hiu cnh bo, phng nga CTNH cn c s dng i vi nhng v tr v khu vc nguy him tm thi, cnh bo cho mi ngi khi tip cn khu vc ny. C. QUN L HNH CHNH CTNH I VI CC HOT NG HA CHT 1. C s php l v th tc thc hin Cc vn bn php l l c s trin khai cng tc qun l nh nc v CTNH pht sinh t cc hot ng ha cht. 1.1 i vi CTNH l dng ha cht thi pht sinh thng xuyn: Lut bo v mi trng nm 2005, Chng VIII, Mc 2-Qun l cht thi nguy hi. - Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k, cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi - Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v ban hnh Danh mc cht thi nguy hi. Lut Bo v mi trng 2005, qui nh : T chc, c nhn c hot ng pht sinh cht thi nguy hi hoc bn tip nhn qun l cht thi nguy hi phi lp h s, ng k vi c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng cp tnh" Chng VIII, Mc 2, iu 70, khon 1. - "T chc, c nhn c hot ng lm pht sinh cht thi nguy hi phi t chc phn loi, thu gom hoc hp ng chuyn giao cho bn tip nhn qun l cht thi thu gom cht thi nguy hi" Chng VIII, Mc 2, iu 71, khon 1. - "Vic chuyn giao trch nhim x l cht thi nguy hi gia ch c hot ng lm pht sinh cht thi v bn tip nhn trch nhim x l cht thi c thc hin bng hp ng, c xc nhn ca c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng cp tnh" - Chng VIII, Mc 2, iu 73, khon 4 v " Hp ng chuyn giao trch nhim x l cht thi nguy hi phi ghi r xut x, thnh phn, chng loi, cng ngh x l, bin php chn lp cht thi cn li sau x l" - Chng VIII, Mc 2, iu 73, khon 5.
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Tm li, theo qui nh ca Lut bo v mi trng nm 2005, trong hot ng s dng ho cht m c pht sinh cht thi nguy hi th phi ng k cho S Ti nguyn v Mi trng TP.HCM ng thi, nu khng c nng lc t x l (an ton v mi trng) th phi chuyn giao cho n v c Giy php hnh ngh vn chuyn hoc Giy php hnh ngh x l tiu hy cht thi nguy hi do S Ti nguyn v Mi trng hoc B Ti nguyn v Mi trng cp php. Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT v Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT, hng dn thc hin c th cc qui nh ca Lut Bo v mi trng nm 2005 v qun l cht thi nguy hi qui nh i vi ch ngun thi l t chc, c nhn s hu hoc iu hnh c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v c pht sinh CTNH phi ng k ch ngun thi CTNH vi S Ti nguyn v Mi trng. Ngoi ra, ch ngun thi phi thc hin y cc qui nh t ni dung 1.2 n 1.16 ca Thng t s 12/2006/TTBTNMT. V th tc ng k S ch ngun thi CTNH, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn cc t chc, c nhn c pht sinh cht thi nguy hi np h s ng k bao gm:
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n ng k S ch ngun thi cht thi nguy hi (03 bn chnh). Giy php kinh doanh/Giy php u t (03 bn sao, c sao y ca cng ty) Mt trong cc giy chng nhn v mi trng nh sau: Giy chng nhn ng k t tiu chun mi trng, Giy xc nhn/ph duyt n bo v mi trng, Quyt nh ph duyt nh gi tc ng mi trng (03 bn sao, c sao y ca cng ty).

Thi gian cp: 12 ngy C quan cp: S Ti nguyn v Mi trng TP.HCM Lu : Qui trnh v th tc cp S ng k ch ngun thi cht thi nguy hi cc t chc, c nhn xem v ti cc biu mu ti trang web ca S Ti nguyn v Mi trng www.donre.hochiminhcity.gov.vn / Hng dn th tc / Qui trnh th tc ca Phng qun l cht thi rn / Mu n ng k, qui trnh th tc. V cng tc qun l cht thi nguy hi ti c s ( phn loi, ng gi, dn nhn, du hiu cnh bo, lu gi an ton) th hng nm S Ti nguyn v Mi trng u c chng trnh tuyn truyn v tp hun, hng dn cho cc i tng: c s sn xut, dch v trong v ngoi khu cng nghip.
1.2 i vi CTNH l cc ha cht thi pht sinh khng thng xuyn

S Ti nguyn v Mi trng c qui trnh hng dn nh sau: - T chc hoc c nhn c pht sinh CTNH nu trn c h s ngh S Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn hoc ph duyt phng n x l. - S Ti nguyn v Mi trng sau khi xem xt s p ng cc yu cu v mt bo v mi trng v ph hp v mt php l ca h s c vn bn hng dn, ph duyt phng n x l.

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Ch ngun thi s tin hnh vic x l l hng thi theo phng n do S Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn, ph duyt. Lu : trong qu trnh x l phi c s gim st ca cc c quan chc nng c lin quan. C th, cc th tc lin quan n hng dn phng n x l nh sau: - n ngh hng dn phng n x l (01 bn chnh). - Giy php kinh doanh / Giy php u t (01 bn sao, c sao y ca cng ty). - Vn bn chp thun hy hng ca c quan ch qun l hng - T khai hi quan v Vn bn ng cho tiu hy l hng ti Vit Nam (trong trng hp xut nhp khu). - Vn bn v kin x l l hng ca cc c quan chc nng (S Y t, S Cng thng,).
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Thi gian x l h s: 10 ngy lm vic C quan hng dn phng n: S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Lu : Qui trnh v th tc hng dn phng n x l, cc t chc, c nhn xem v ti cc biu mu ti trang web ca S Ti nguyn v Mi trng www.donre.hochiminhcity.gov.vn / Hng dn th tc / Qui trnh th tc ca Phng qun l cht thi rn / Mu n ngh hng dn, qui trnh hng dn x l hng ha v cht thi.
2. nh gi chung- Kt lun 2.1. Cng tc trin khai Lut Bo v mi trng nm 2005 v cc qui nh lin quan v qun l cht thi nguy hi c lin quan n hot ng xut nhp khu v s dng ha cht trn a bn thnh ph ngy cng tr nn cht ch, hiu qu nhm m bo cc yu cu qun l nh nc v CTNH. Trong nm 2009, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tip nhn 134 h s ngh hng dn phng n x l tiu hy trong c hn 10 h s v ha cht.

2.2. thc hin hiu qu chng trnh ci cch hnh chnh ca Thnh ph, S TNMT lun , iu chnh hon thin cc qui trnh cng tc tip nhn v x l h s th tc ca cc t chc c nhn lin quan ; trn c s to mi iu kin thun tin, tinh gn, nhanh chng, hiu qu. Mi kin thc mc, cn hng dn s c ngi c thm quyn gii quyt ph hp trn c s php lut. 2.3. Cc t chc, c nhn kinh doanh v s dng ha cht phi nhn thc ng v y tun th cc qui nh v bo v mi trng i vic thi b ha cht. y l yu cu khng ch v mt php l m cn l trch nhim i vi cng ng, x hi trong cng tc bo v mi trng. Vic thi b tri php ha cht nguy hi c th gy nh hng nghim trng n uy tn thng hiu ca sn phm m doanh nghip dy cng vun p. Vic pht hin v x l ha cht thi nguy hi hin nay v ang c thc hin ngy cng cht ch v hiu qu hn bi s phi hp ca nhiu c quan chc nng ( Thanh tra S ; Lc lng Cnh st Mi trng, Phng Ti nguyn Mi trng 24 qun huyn ..) 3.4 Tng cng s phi hp cht ch gia cc c quan chc nng c lin quan trong vic kim sot cht thi nguy hi t hot ng kinh doanh, s dng ha cht. V d: trng hp ca Hi quan chuyn trch nhim qua S TNMT v vic x l cc l hng
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ha cht nhp khu. y l trch nhim ca Hi quan cho php x l trong nc hay phi ti xut. Nu cho php x l th S TNMT mi xem xt phng n l x l th no. Nhiu c quan chc nng n nay cha hiu ng v cc yu cu php l nn gii quyt lung tng, thiu ng b trong qu trnh x l ha cht thi b.VD: Vic ch yu cu giao cho n v dch v c chc nng x l l hng m cha c kin duyt phng n ca S TNMT c th gip Doanh nghip gim chi ph x l nhng khng p ng cc yu cu bo v mi trng; khng c gim st trong qu trnh x l THNG TIN LIN H S Ti nguyn v Mi trng; Phng Qun l cht thi rn 63, L T Trng, phng Bn ngh, qun 1; T: 08 38293661 (my l 333, 309) Fax: (084) 38231806 (gi trc tip Phng qun l cht thi rn) Web: www.donre.hochiminhcity.gov.vn / Hng dn th tc / Qui trnh th tc ca Phng qun l cht thi rn Email: qlctr.stnmt@tphcm.gov.vn

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