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(. hotspots).

IEEE 802.11, (. Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity),


, .
. .
, , .
(. WLAN adapter)
.
.
, .
,
.
,
. ,
. ,
:
1. 2.4GHz 5GHz.
, .
.
2. IEEE 802.11 :

802.11 5GHz 54 .
(. OFDM Orthogonal
Frequency-Division Multiplexing), a
.
.
802.11b .
, . 801.11b
2.4GHz . 11
(. CCK Complementary Code Keying).
802.11g 2.4GHz 802.11b
54 802.11 .
802.11n .
140 .


, . ,
. ,
USB PCI
. , b g
.
,
. ,
.


(AP ccess Point).

(WRT Wireless Router). :
1. ADSL ;
2. ;
3. (Switch);
4. (Firewall)
5. .


, .
30 ,
. ,
, . (Repeater)
.
, IEEE 802.11
. 802.11b 802.11a,
802.11g 802.11n . 802.11g
.

, . ,
, . :

(SSID Service Set Identifier)


;
1, 6 11.
,
. ;

,
SSID
.


, .
. 2.4 .
11 :

(MHz)

1*

2412

2417

2422

2427

5*

2432

2437

2442

2447

9*

2452

10

2457

11

2462

12

2467

13*

2472

14

2484

11b

22
. . 1,6 11.
.

,
. NetStumbler
.
,
.
.

, 6 11
, 1,2 3.
7 NDIS 6.0 .
, :



( .
).
. ,
. (. Wireless
settings) (. Wireless Channel).
:

Linksys WRT54GL:

TP Link TP-WR740N:

Huawei HG520s:

.
(Open Authentication),
.
,
.

. ,
, MAC .

MAC . , MAC
,
.
SSIDa. SSID
.
.
. WEP (Wired Equivalent
Privacy)
.
MAC SSIDa . ,
WPA(Wi-Fi Protected Access) WPA2
MAC .
,
. , , .
DoS (Denial of Service)
, .



, .
,
, .

, ,
.
.
802.11g . E
, , 50, 100mW
, .
,
. 802.11n
(. Neighbor friendly). ,
. ,
. , 802.11n
802.1a,g,b .

: 2,4 GHz
5 GHz. ,
, .

. ,
, 360
, .
.

.

360 .
- .
(yagi)
.

20-30.
. ,
20-30 12-14 dB.

, ,
. ,
( 24 dB) 3. ,
, 15 km

.
,
(. ),
. ,
.
. , ,
.

IEEE 802.11 . 802.11n


MIMO (Multiple
Input, Multiple Output),
. ,
, .
MIMO ,
TxR (ransmitters) (Receivers) 1
4. , MIMO 23, 2 3 .
,
, 802.11n .


,
.
: 200, 400 600

600

.
, ,

. , , ,
, . 24
dB , 5 m,
1 dB
1 dB .
24 dB
5 dB 2 dB , 7 dB
24 dB 17 dB .
. ,
-

. ,
,
. - N-type female,
, - N-type male.
. .
(. )
-

, / (Cisco/Linksys) -

( ). ,
.
,
.
1dBi .

.
.
(DHCP), ,
(NAT),
(RIP, OSPF). ,
. .
, .

,
.
.
, ,
.
(Ubiquity Networks bullet). ,
.

.
100 m ,
power over ethernet (POE / ) 4
.

Ubiquity Networks Bullet

,
,
.

. -30 +45C,
, , .
,
.

, .
,
Cisco , .
, .
,

(. Power over Ethernet)

(IP ),
(IP )
. ,

.
. POE
(Power over Ethernet). .

.
. 12-48 ,
, .
.
() [2] .

220V-12V [3].
[1]. .
[4] .
[5] [6] .
POE
. POE

POE
12V-24V.
(1000 mW) 24v.
, POE (802.11af)
. 48-
1000mW/48V .
802.11af ,
IP , ().

802.11af , .
IP , ,
.




. ,
( ), ( ).

().
- (ad-hoc) (infrastructure) .
-
.

. ,
- . -

. 802.11 ,
- .
, .

. .

,
.

. .
(. ).


. (uplink) (upload)
(downlink) (download)
.
.
,
. 1:16
16 Mb/s download, 1 Mb/s upload. ,
.

1841

,
, ,

. ADSL
, ADSL

.
, ,
,
.
.

. CISCO ,
,
, , . MikroTik
,
CISCO . MikroTik
CISCO ,
, ,
.

750

, ,
1 GHz,
Pentium 600 MHz,
. .
Intel 2 4 ,
.
, Vyatta Zebra, ,
. Linux
, Monowall pfSense
.

,
ADSL ,
. ,
,

,
.



(gateway) ,
, .
.
,
, ,

,
.
,
. ,
,
.
,
. ,
. (repeater),
.

. (Wireless Distribution Service


WDS), . ,
,
.
,
. WDS-
. ,
16 Mb/s, 8 Mb/s, 4 Mb/s, .
j

WDS

,
, e .
, ,
100 Mb/s 1 Gb/s.
, WDS-,
, WDS-

( ).

.
,
. .
(sniffer)
.
,
. ,
,
,
.
MAC
, .
MAC
.
.
WEP RC4 CRC-32
.
, WEP ,

WEP ,
WPA TKIP AES .
WEP, WPA ,
. ,
.
,
WPA2 . WPA WPA2
(Pre-Shared Key PSK)
, (Enterprise)
RADIUS ,
.
WPA- PSK WPA2-PSK ,
.
, , ,
.
,
,
,
. .
.

,

. ,
. ,

, ,
.
, ,
.
,
. ,
.
, .
,
,
. ,

. ,
(Denial of Service DoS) ,
.

, ,

,
. ,
.
. .
, .
( ),
.
.
,
.
y Windows Server 2008 R2,
.
,
.
RADIUS

.
Windows Server 2008 R2
, .

RADIUS
,
, RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service)
, , ,
. ,
,
.
RADIUS

RADIUS ,

,
. RADIUS . PROXY
,
RADIUS

RADIUS-.
EDUROAM
,
.

.

RADIUS
RADIUS ,
.

RADIUS-
, RADIUS
.
. open source ,
Windows- .
RADIUS Windows
. RADIUS OPEN
LDAP Microsoft . open
source OPEN LDAP FREE RADIUS.
Windows ,
Windows Server 2008, Microsoft RADIUS Windows
j . Microsoft- Network Policy Server
(NPS)
NPS.
browser,
.
CAPTIVE PORTAL.

,
.
, Network Policy Serveru
. ,
IP
.



Linux, Unix Windows captive .
CGI PHP ( )
.
,
.

.
. ,

RADIUS , ,
RADIUS , .
DHCP .
.
,
.


, .
captive ,
RADIUS .
, , e
Linksys WRT54GL,
.COOVA AP . ,
CGI ,
captive .
.

.

GATEWAY
(Gateway) e,
. ,
,
, . ,

. ,
UNIX , CD,
.
( 3-4 GB) ,
.
.
Microsoft ISA Microsoft Forefront Threat Management Gateway 2010 .
.
, .
.
. .
,
pfSense ,


.
.
Microsoft ISA Microsoft Forefront Threat Management Gateway 2010
, ,
,
,
,
. , ,
RADIUS Windows Server 2008 R2
. RADIUS
. a a
,. .
pfSense-,

16 20 , .
,
, ,
, pfSense-.
.

pfSense
pfSense
FreeBSD.
, , .
e .
(384 RAM ),
. , (
, ).
. WAN ( ).
ADSL
(DHCP) . , ,
() LAN . ADSL
. .
, ,
pfSense . Cross-Over .

pfSensa .
.
pfSense . .
. LAN , . ADSL
. WAN . WAN
. LAN , ,
. 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.4,
10.0.0.1 , .

pfSense www.pfsense.org,
. , 32- pfSense2.0.1-RELEASE-i386.iso.gz ( 1.), 64- pfSense2.0.1-RELEASE-amd64.iso.gz.

GNU zip , ,
ISO pfSense.iso. ISO CD
DVD Windows Disc Image Burner,
( 2.).

.
, BIOS , CD/DVD
( 3.) .

CD/DVD .
( 4.).

. 1. Boot pfSense (default). I

( 5.)
( 6.).

,
( 7 10.).

LAN WAN ( 11.).

( 12.).

, 192.168.1.1,
admin pfsense ( 13.).

pdSense


(. Bridge) .
.
.
, .
() .
.
.
.


. . .

,
, .

, ,
. ,
Skype
. , .
.
,
.


ADSL .
, , .
pfSensom 2.0 .
. WAN .

LAN .
. , ,
.
________
: (, , )
, ,
. 1080i HD ,
:


. (Bridge Mode),
(AP Access Point Mode). ,
.
. ,
. 10.10.0.1 .

.
MAC ,
.
10.10.0.2. (Station Mode) (SSID).

.
(SSID), . 10.0.0.3.

,
, ,
pfSense .
,
(.
SSID, Wireless Network Name Enable SSID Broadcast,
Enable Hidden Wireless .). . , ,
TP-LINK TL-WA901ND.

(IP
), .

pfSensa
pfSensa .
IP
(LAN) (WAN) .
pfSensa .

NPS
NPS
pfSense NPS
. ,
. NPS- a
.

Windows Server 2008


R2 .
www.pil-vb.net .

NPS pfSensa .
.

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