H thng cp thot nc

1. C s thit k H thng cp thot nc cho cng trnh Ta nh vn phng c thit k da trn cc tiu chun sau: Quy chun h thng cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh Nh xut Thot nc. Mng li bn ngoi v cng trnh. Tiu chun thit k, TCXD 51Cp nc. Mng li bn ngoi v cng trnh. Tiu chun thit k, TCXD 33Thot nc bn trong. Tiu chun thit k, TCVN 4474-1987. Cp nc bn trong. Tiu chun thit k, TCVN 4513-1988 Cc ti liu v ng Cp thot nc, tiu chun thit b bm, ng ng Cc s liu thit k h thng cp v thot nc cho cng trnh nh Ngun nc cp c ly t tuyn ng truyn dn trn ph . Nc ma thot trc tip vo h thng cng thot nc thnh ph. Nc thi sinh hot sau khi c x l ti b t hoi s c dn ra h thng bn xy dng. 1984. 2006.

tun theo ISO 9001. sau:

thot nc bn ngoi 2.Quy m cng trnh Cng trnh mt n nguyn din tch mt sn 66 m 2 cao 9 tng, tng chiu cao ton nh t mt t ln mi tnh s b l 28,7 m. Nc s dng cho cng trnh gm nc phc v cho cc nhu cu sinh hot ca ngi trong khi qun l : bo v, lao cng, qun l ta nh v nhng ngi lm vic ti cng trnh (SH) v lng nc cho cu ho (CH). H thng cp nc ngoi nh ca khu vc ( th) c xy dng xong. Trong d n, cng trnh hn hp cao 9 tng ch tnh t im u ni ch ngoi nh dn vo b nc ngm trong cng trnh. 3.Gii pht k thut cp thot nc. Cp nc -Ngun nc c ly t bn ngoi.Nc c chy vo b nc ngm sau c bm ln kt mi v phn phi ti cc tng vo cc nh v sinh bng ng ng ring.

Thot nc H thng thot nc bao gm 3 h thng thot nc - H thng thot nc x.Nc t cc x bt, bi , tiu treo thu v cc ng ng ng v c a vo b t hoi, ti b t hoi nc thi c x l cc b sau thot ra h thng thot nc bn ngoi. -H thng thot nc ra.Nc t chu ra, thot sn thu v cc ng ng ng v a ra h thng thot nc bn ngoi -H thng thot nc ma.Nc ma c thu t trn mi ng thi kt hp vi mt s ng ng thot ra v thot ra h thng thot nc bn ngoi. 3.2. B nc mi - Dung tch kt mi c tnh theo cng thc. Wkt mi = Wsh +Wch + Wh :dung tch nc iu ho trong kt mi.
Wsh = k Wdh

+Qng.:L lu lng ngy m ca to nh.

Qng , = 15 N 1000

Vi : + 15:L tiu chun cp nc cho cng trnh l vn phng (l/s). + N:L s ngi s dng cng trnh chn theo din tch 7(m2/ngi). Din tch s dng ca cng trnh (bao gm cc phng lm vic, phng chc nng...) c tnh theo bng sau.

T T 1 2 3

Bng 1.1: Tng s ngi trong vn phng Din tch Phng (m2) S ngi Tng hm 28 2 Vn phng 270 40 Phng khch vip 45 2 Tng s ngi 44

Vy tng s ngi trong vn phng l N=44( ngi)

Qng , = 15 N 15 44 = = 0,66 (m3/h). 1000 1000

Khi h thng cp nc s dng my bm, kt mi, b cha th kt mi c tnh theo cng thc sau.

Q ng.d (m3) n Vi n l s ln ng m my bm :n=3 6. Ta chn n=3(ln) Q 0.66 Wdh = ng.d = = 0.22 n 3 Theo bng 3 tiu chun 5413-1988 v lng nc cp dng trong cha Wdh =

chy :th nh hnh chnh vn phng c chiu cao t 6-12 tng, c khi tch nh hn 25.000(m3) th s ct cha chy l n=1 ct, lng nc tnh cho mi ct l qcc=2,5(l/s). Dung tch nc kt mi cha chy :
Wch = n t q cc (l)

+ t :Thi gian s dng nc kt mi cha chy trong vng 10 pht vi vn hnh bng tay v 5 pht vi vn hnh t ng. t=10(pht)=600(giy) + qcc: Lu lng cha chy l 2,5(l/s). + n: S ct nc cha chy n=1.
Wch = n t q cc = 1 600 2,5 = 1500(l) = 1,5(m3 )

Dung tch kt mi:

Wkt mi = k ( Wsh + Wch )

+ k : H s s dng k ti chiu cao v phn lng cn ca kt mi.k=1,2 1,3 Ta chn k=1,3

Wkt mi = k ( Wsh + Wch )=1.3 (0,22+1,5)=2,23(m3) Chn th tch kt mi l 2.5 (m 3).S dng 1 bn inox loi bn nm ngang c th tch l 2500 (l). 3.3. Chn my bm sinh hot. - Cng sut my bm vi bm vn hnh t ng bng h thng van phao ng ngt t ng. Lu lng my bm s l: - Cng sut my bm cp : Wh= Qb 2 n

Qb=2 n Wh.

+ n :S ln m my bm trong mt gi.n=2 4(ln ).Ta chn s ln m l n=3. Qb=2 n Wh=2 3 0,22=1,32(m3/h). - p lc ca my bm nc tng p cho sinh hot c xc nh theo cng thc:

H tt H = Hh+

Trong : H- p lc ca my bm sinh hot Hh- Chiu cao a hnh t trc my bm n b nc trn mi Hh=28.7(m)

Theo tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 4513-1998 ta c H tt = Hd + Hcb. (2) Trong : - Hd: Tn tht ct p theo chiu di ng ng - Hcb: Ct p tn hao cc b theo TCVN 4513-1998 th Hcb= 10% Hd. Trong :
H d = i l

- L : Chiu di ng ng t trm bm ti v tr tnh ton L=35(m) -I :L tn tht thy lc trn ng ng, ta s dng ng cp kt 32 . Q: Lu lng nc trong ng ng. ng c ng mi ng nha 32 vi vn tc trung bnh v=1,5(m/s), knh Q=
d2
4 v = 3.14 (0.032) 2 1,5 = 0,0008 1,5 = 0,0012(m 3 /s) = 1,2(l/s) 4

Tra bng tnh ton thy lc ca Th.S Nguyn Th Hng, vi ng nha 32 Q=1,2(l/s), vn tc trung bnh v=1,5(m/s) th i = tng hp 0,143 H tt = Hd + Hcb= 1,1 i l =1,1 0,143 32=5 H tt =28,7+5=32,7(m) p dng vo (1) ta c : H = Hh+
Vy my bm cp nc c : Q=1,5m3/h.H=34m. 3.4. B nc Nc s dng cho cng trnh gm nc phc v cho cc nhu cu sinh hot ca ngi dn sng v lm vic ti cng trnh (SH) v lng nc cho cu ho (CH).Nhu cu nc sinh hot ti a c tnh theo bng 6-4 ca Quy chun cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh. Tng nhu cu cp nc sinh hot trung bnh trong ngy: * Dung tch b tnh theo cng thc: WB = Wh + WCH; Wh :dung tch nc iu ho trong kt mi. (m3)

Wh=(1-2)Qng.
Vi cng trnh l Vn phng ta chn h s s dng nc l k= 2. Qng.:L lu lng ngy m ca to nh. Wh=2

Qng.=2 0,22 =0,44 (m3)

4

Nhu cu nc cho cu ho trong nh: theo bng 14 TCVN 2622-1995, tnh cho 01 m chy xy ra ng thi vi 1 hng cha chy.Vi quy m cng trnh nh hn 25000(m3) v di 12 tng ta chn lu lng cha chy l 2,5(l/s) v mt hng cha chy, thi gian dp tt m chy tnh trong 3 gi .Vy tng lu lng dp tt 1 m chy l: QCH = 3 3600 2,5 = 27000(l)=27 (m3). Vy th tch b cn thit : WB = 27+ 0,44 = 27,44 Thit k b nc ngm c khi tch 28(m3 ) 4.Gii php k thut thot nc. 4.1. Thot nc ma trn mi Nc ma t mi c thot theo cc ng ng xung h thng rnh thot nc ma quanh nh sau thot ra cng thot nc bn ngoi Phu thu nc mi bng gang c li chn rc, ng thot nc mi bng nha PVC Lu lng nc ma: Q= K - F: Din tch thu nc (m2) F= Fmi+0.3Ftng (m2) Fmi=a b=30,2 8,5=256,7 Ftng=h a=0,8 30,2=19,4(m2) h:Chiu cao tng thu hi. F= Fmi+0.3Ftng =256,7+0,3 - K: H s ly bng 2 - Q5: Chiu dy lp nc ma trong 5 pht, q5= 484.6 (mm)
Q= 2 262,5 484,6 25,5(l/s) 10000

F .q5 10.000

19,4=262,52

S lng ng ng cn thit
n= Q 25,5 = = 2,55 (ng). q 10

Nhng do yu cu thot nc theo kin trc ta b tr ng thot mi nh trn bn v.V vn m bo thot nc mi cho cng trnh.Lng nc thot nc mi c thot ra h thng thot nc sn nh bao quanh.

4.2.Thot nc sinh hot * H thng thot nc trong nh c thot theo tuyn ng ring. - Nc thi t cc x, tiu, bi thot theo cc tuyn ng ring dn vo b t hoi. - Nc thi sinh hot, ra sn theo cc tuyn ring thotvo h thng cng thot nc bn ngoi cng trnh - Ton b h thng thot nc c c nh vi kt cu nh bng thanh treo, khung hay gi (trong hp k thut). - Cc tuyn nhnh t vi dc 2% 3% theo hng thot nc. * Xc nh ng knh ng thot nc thi (da theo bng 7-3 v bng 7-5 Quy chun h thng cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh) - ng knh ng nhnh thot nc: + Thit k ng nhnh thot nc cho chu x c ng knh D110, dc 2% v pha ng ng thot nc x tiu + Thit k ng nhnh thot nc cho chu ra, cho thot sn dng ng D42 D76, dc 2% v pha ng ng thot nc ra. - ng knh ng ng thot nc x tiu D110. - ng knh ng ng thot nc lavabo D42. - ng knh ng thot nc sn l D76. 4.3. B t hoi Tnh ton cng trnh x l nc thi cc b. - thot nc ra cng thot nc thnh ph vi nc thi ra t thit b v sinh. Ta x l cc b bng b t hoi ri mi thi ra mng li thot chung. - Chn b t hoi c ngn lc. - Dung tch b t hoi xc nh theo cng thc sau.Theo quy chun h thng cp thot nc trong cng trnh ph lc K Wb = 13+(N-100).0,095(m3) Trong : - N :Tng s ng lng ca x bt v tiu treo, bi N Cng trnh c tng cng 9 x bt, N=9 0,5=4,5 - Wb: Th tch ca b (m3).

Wb=13+(26,05-100).0,095=3,9 .Ta thit k b t hoi dung tch 5 m3 . 4.4.H thng thot nc cng trnh. - Thot nc ma, nc ra...: c thot theo h thng rnh mng thot nc bao quanh cng trnh v c thot vo tuyn cng ca thnh ph. - Nc thi bn (nc phn) sau khi c x l qua b t hoi c vn chuyn ring bng h thng ng PVC D110. Sau thot vo tuyn cng ca thnh ph.