LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.
Class

OF THE

UNIVERSITY
OF

s -

II

Estimating
A
Guide
to

SYSTEMATIC METHODS IN TAKING OFF QUANTITIES AND MAKING UP ESTIMATES OF COST IN BUILDING OPERATIONS, WITH QUOTATIONS OF CURRENT PRICES FOR MATERIALS AND LABOR

By

EDWARD NICHOLS
Architect, Boston, Mass.

ILLUSTRATED

CHICAGO AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CORRESPONDENCE

1908

<***

GENERAL

COPYRIGHT

1907

BY

AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CORRESPONDENCE

Entered at Stationers' Hall, London All Rights Reserved

Foreword
recent years, such marvelous advances have been

made

in the engineering

and

scientific fields,

and

so rapid has been the evolution of mechanical and

constructive processes and methods, that a distinct

need has been created for a series of

practical

working guides, of convenient

size

and low

cost,

embodying the

accumulated results of experience and the most approved modern

a great variety of lines. practice along

To

fill

this

acknowledged

need,
this

is

the special purpose of the series of handbooks to which

volume belongs.
series, it

C, In the preparation of this

lishers to lay special stress

has been the aim of the pub-

on the practical side of each subject,

theoretical

as distinguished

from mere

or academic discussion.

Each volume

is

written by a well-known expert of acknowledged

line,

authority in his special

and

is

based on a most careful study

as developed under the

of practical needs and up-to-date

methods
field,

conditions of actual practice in the

the shop, the mill, the

etc.

power house, the drafting room, the engine room,

C, These volumes are especially adapted
instruction and
for

purposes of

self-

home

study.

The utmost

care has been used to

bring the treatment of each subject within the range of the com-

196470

mon

understanding, so that the work will appeal not only to the

technically trained expert, but also to the beginner and the self-

taught practical
progress.

man who
is

wishes

to

keep abreast of modern

The language

simple and clear; heavy technical terms

and the formulae of the higher mathematics have been avoided,

yet

without

sacrificing

any of

the

requirements
is

of

practical

instruction;

the arrangement of matter

such as to carry the

reader along

by easy

steps to complete mastery of each subject;

frequent examples for practice are given, to enable the reader to

test his

knowledge and make

it

a permanent possession; and the

illustrations are selected

with the greatest care to supplement and

make

clear the references in the text.

C, The method adopted in the preparation of these volumes

is

that

which the American School of Correspondence has developed and

employed so successfully

for

many

years.

It is not

an experiment,

but has stood the severest of has demonstrated

it

all tests

that of practical use

which
for the

to be the best

method yet devised

education of the busy working man.

C, For purposes of ready reference and timely information when

needed,
it is

believed that this series of handbooks will be found to

meet every requirement.

Table of Contents
PRELIMINARY PRINCIPLES
Variation
in
.
.

...
Percentage

....
Duplication
of

Page

Prices

Profit

Parts

Transportation
the

Approximate and Detailed Estimates

Quantities
of_

Estimating by
Rules

Square;

by

Preparatory

Steps

Units

and

Tables

Measurement

Lines and Surfaces

Areas and Solid Con-

tents of Solids.

STANDARD PRICES OF LABOR AND MATERIALS

Scale
of

-\

Page 13
(Cut

Wages

in

Various

Trades

Excavation

Stonework

Stone, Granite, Limestone,

Stone, Marble, Bluestone,

Window

Sets,

Sandstone,

Setting of Cut

Seam-Faced Granite)

Brickwork (Mortar,
Mason's Supplies
Vitrified Pipe
7

Face Brick)
Cellar

Concrete

Columns

Chimneys Flue-Lining Earthen Drain-Pipe Standard

Car-

pentry

Board Measure

Door-Frames)
Shingling

Lumber (Dimension, Floor and Finish, Inside Frame Floors Outside Walls the Calculating
V

Roofing

Studding

Windows

Doors
Cost
of

Inside

Finish
(by
the

Window-Frames
ductors

Stairs

Day's

Work

Labor

Square; by the Piece)

Exterior Finish

Piazzas and Porches

Slate, Tiles,

ConMetal,

Hardware

Nails

Roofing

(Shingles,

Composition, Gutters and Conductors)

ing

Plastering

Lathing

Paint-

Spreading Power of Paints

Heating System (Hot-Air, Steam,

Hot-Water)

Registers, Piping, Radiators, etc.

Plumbing

Drainage

Water Supply (Boiler, Waste-Cocks, etc.) Capacity of Cisterns and Electric Lavatories Tanks Sinks Gasfitting Laundry Trays

Work

(Wiring, Switches, Bells).

MAKING A DETAILED ESTIMATE

Methods of Estimating

...-,.

...
Carpentry

Page 59

Staking-Out and

Setting

Batter-Boards
Plaster-

Water Supply during Construction Excavation Stonework ing Walls with Cement Cesspools, Dry Wells, and Drains

Brick-

work
Stairs

Flue-Linings

Concreting

Plastering
Electric

Work
Electric^

Hardware
Fixtures

Heating
Painting
for

Plumbing
Schedules

Wiring
of

Lighting

(Analysis

Carpentry

Work)
Outlets.

Memoranda

Heating Estimate

Location Sheet of Electric

INDEX

.....'.

Page

109

FRONT AND REAR VIEWS OF RESIDENCE OF MR. H. T. LOOMIS, MAGNOLIA DRIVE, CLEVELAND, OHIO Watterson & Schneider, Architects, Cleveland, Ohio.
Cost, about $35,000.

First-Story Walls of McCausland Brick,

Made

at Akron, Ohio.

Koofs of

Combination Red

Tile.

ESTIMATING
PART
Introductory.
I

The

ability to estimate

may

be considered as the
never "hang

dividing line between the journeyman and the master builder, for,

no matter how

skilful

a mechanic

may become, he can

out his shingle" and invite patronage in his distinctive line of work, unless he becomes able to make reliable estimates of material and
labor to be furnished.

To do this something more than mere accuracy

mastery of mathematics
is

and quickness

in figures or a

needed;

namely: experience and judgment, an understanding of the more or less complicated details which go to make up a building, and a knowledge of current prices and discounts in the trade. It is the object of this paper to point the way toward the acquirement of such of these needs as may be imparted by words or figures; that is, to put in con-

densed form some of the

common methods by which

some
of the things

estimates are
to

made

up, and to point out

which are

be avoided.

and materials are constantly shifting, must be taken only as proportionate, to in this paper those quoted be used in comparison with known quantities and methods. All
Prices.

As

prices of labor

in Boston, Mass., in December, 1906, prices given are as current account of the variaand are subject to immediate change.

On

bleness in price of labor and materials, it is better, in general, to make estimates on the basis of days or hours, and quantities of materials, so that they may be used for comparison in future work.

To

estimates should be carefully labelled and filed away This should be done whether the bids were for future reference.
this

end

all

successful or otherwise.
to

If a successful bid, there will arise a

good

compare the estimates of cost of the different items, opportunity with the actual cost of execution; and if a bid fails to win the job,
and experience may be gained by noting the items which may have been priced too high or too low. This data may be of great
satisfaction

service in preparing future estimates, especially in the comparisons

between estimated and actually executed work.

* There is no such a thing as a universal or permanent standard price for anything. Prices vary in different localities at the same time and in the same locality at different times. The estimator must therefore acquaint himself with local market conditions in

every case.

ESTIMATING
Catalogues and price lists of all standard articles are easily obtained and should be kept at hand, properly indexed, for ready reference, as they contain a great deal of specific information.
Catalogues.
figuring, however, it will not do to rely upon these prices, amounts of trade discounts are not always included. These vary greatly from time to time, and often there are two or more discounts, a trade discount, a cash discount, and a variation in discounts

For close
as the

made by different merchants, all of which the contractor must become aware of to obtain bottom pricesAll data of this sort should be carefully tabulated for constant form that it may be easily revised and kept, so far as possible, up to date.
reference, in such a

The manner and

in this connection, as

time of payments
it

is

a matter to be considered

will

of cash discounts, which often

certain materials.

permit the contractor to take advantage make a great difference in the cost of

the actual price of labor and materials must be added common method the profit and this will need careful consideration. is to add a lump sum to the estimated cost of labor and materials,
Profit.

To

varying with locality and customer, with the probable sharpness of competition and the circumstances of the contractor. This is a careless

method, as

it

leaves

no means

for future

comparison and no cer-

knowledge of just what the profits of a given job are. better way is to base the profits upon a perPercentage. centage of the estimated cost. This will vary, in ordinary cases, from
tain

expected two or three thousand dollars; but for large work, where there is a great duplication of parts and processes, it will be enough in most
cases.

ten to fifteen per cent, ten per cent being the least that should be on any work, and this is not enough for small contracts of

Some

contractors,

fifteen especially skilful labor, figure

whose workmen are required to perform per cent on all labor and ten
matter of duplication
is

x^r cuit on materials.

Duplicate Parts.

The

an important

is often made if large either worked or unworked, are required ; this of material, quantities such as doors and windows, is especially true in manufactured parts,

factor in estimating, as a considerable saving

columns, balustrades,

etc.

cation with astonishing

Modern machines are capable can put rapidity, and workmen

of dupli-

together

ESTIMATING
similar parts

more quickly and cheaply than variable members. Transportation. The distance of the work from the shop of the
from centers of manufacture,
will ?iflect the cost to a

contractor, or

marked
If

degree, as

much

time

is

consumed

in

ceaming and especially

in handling material a

number
it

of time?.

communication between the works and the building

will usually save considerable
less risk of

be established by water, freight and handling, with perhaps

quently
less

qan expense for

site

damage, and conse-

be
site

made

expense for crating and boxing. of the means of transportation to

office,

from the shop, the

to

reference, subject to

and the mill, varying rates and conditions, to change of seasons,

study should each different building and the data kept for future

A careful

and amounts

be transported.

These are some of the more important matters which require preliminary consideration as affecting all estimates, and are only a
small part of the real questions involved, as different localities and

customs require different treatment, and numerous questions will arise to confront the contractor, all of which may be successfully
met, as

we have

seen,

Methods.
the contractor,

Estimates are formed by

by the exercise of care and judgment. many and varying methods,

depending upon the degree of accuracy required, the capability of and the character of the building. A broad division
estimates and accurate detailed

may be made between approximate

estimates, only the latter of which should be considered when it is the intention to actually carry out the work under a definite contract.

Approximate estimates are obtained with varying degrees of accuracy by several methods, the most convenient and reliable of which is the system of cubing; i.e., the cubical
contents of the proposed building is obtained and multiplied by a given price per cubic foot. This rate is obtained by careful com-

Approximate Estimates.

have been erected under conditions as

ditions

parison of the plans and requirements with similar buildings which like as possible to the con-

under which the proposed building can be erected. Several methods are used to determine the cubical units, depending upon the size and shape of the proposed building. One
is to multiply the square feet in the plan of the building by the height from half-way" the depth of foundations to half-way up the roof. Another system uses the height from the bottom of the

method

ESTIMATING
foundation, and another obtains the actual cubical contents.
of these

Any

may be used if the data for comparison

all

is

obtained in the same

are subject to important variations which experience and will determine. alone For instance, if the contour of the judgment is with low building very uneven, portions, such as porches and sheds, and high portions, such as towers and cupolas, these must either be

way, but

omitted from the whole and compared separately, or a lump sum be added or subtracted according to the size and elaboration of these

members.
Another variation
partitions
arises in the size of rooms, giving

a ratio of

and

division walls

which

is

not constant, and of course a

building with many duplicate parts will require a different rating from a smaller one, so that the method of estimating by cubing is at best approximate, and its degree of accuracy depends largely
large

upon the experience and judgment of the contractor. Even long experience will afford no safe-guard against unusual elaboration of
interior or exterior, so that

cube rates can only be applied

to buildings

and comparisons are only reliable between buildings of like description and uses, as the treatment of even the same materials will vary largely in buildings of varying uses.
of ordinary character,

height of the building will not increase the cube rate proportionately, unless the internal voids are alike, although it is certain that the higher

The

one builds from the ground, the more time and

put the material in place, to say nothing of
of estimating
is

expense

it

requires to

thicker walls

and necessarily heavier construction. Estimating by the Square. A convenient method

feet.

is

by the square of one hundred surface

floors are

This

especially

applicable to office buildings, schools, mills, stables,

where the

few

in

number or
is

buildings the price per square

buildings similar in plan. For one story taken to include the roof, walls, floor,

and

all

and foundations, but for buildings of two or more stories the price per square should be taken separately for each floor, the lower floor
being priced to include the foundations and the top floor to include
the roof.

This method of estimating by the square is not so accurate as cubical contents, but the results are often more convenient and by the tabulation of the square area of the various because adaptable,
floors

may

be easily reduced to terms of accommodation for public

ESTIMATING
buildings or shops.

For instance, a given

for a certain
;

floor area in

a school house

means accommodation

a certain number of sittings of machinQS and operatives. staple goods, a certain number

of pupils; in a church, in factories for the manufacture of

number

This unit of accommodation

by the reverse process,

is

sometimes carried further, and,

made

the basis of another

method

of estimating

schools, churches, factories, hospitals, etc.

the approximate cost of such buildings as the above mentioned, i.e., This is also a method by

comparison, the
or calculation,

known data being

it is

and

supplied by previous experience often valuable as a means of determining the

approximate cost of buildings necessary to accommodate a given number of individuals or machines, even before any definite plans have been drawn. All of these methods are approximate, with varying
degrees of accuracy, and should never be advanced as accurate, or used as the basis of a contract, unless the contractor has had a long

and varied experience and feels absolutely certain of his judgment, or unless a proper margin is added for possible variations. Estimating by Quantities. The only sure and correct method
is by taking off the actual quantities in detail and carrythe out ing prices accurately with the cost of labor, the percentage for profit, and contingencies added.

of estimating

accurate and complete drawings and specifications are necessary to give the absolute quantity and quality of materials and The various items are then taken off, similar portions grouped, labor.

For

this,

amount of labor estimated, and a complete and classified schedule prepared and priced at current rates; the cost of transportation, board of men, and any other contingencies noted, a percentage of and a sum total reached which should be correct if profit added,
the
faithfully done.

This, of course, takes considerable time, but

is

well worth the

expense and trouble

Preparation.

if

a definite contract

is

to

be made.

In order to estimate to a sufficient degree of

of plans

accuracy, some things other than the possession

fications are necessary.

and

speci-

visit to

the site should be made, to ascer-

tain the nature of the soil, the levels of the lot, the distance

from

rail-

road or wharf, the condition of the roads,

if

a long haul

is

necessary,

and the preparation of the site necessary to receive and dispose of materials. Some knowledge should be obtained of the nature of

ESTIMATING

wf.l require especial will

the sub-soil, the presence of ledges or water below the surface which or costly treatment, etc. Often a deposit of sand

be found upon the

site
if

which

will not only save carting

it

away

of

material excavated, but,

of proper quality,

may

be used for the

of

work.

Such items are constantly occurring so that a knowledge

existing conditions will be of great advantage to the estimator. Regarding underground conditions, there is always an element of

chance, as the most thorough examination will not always reveal hidden perils; the author knows of a case where a mason had contracted for the building of a sewer, and was in a fair way to make a good profit, when a narrow vein of quicksand was uncovered, to over-

come which not only took away

a severe loss
to'

all

the anticipated profit but caused

the contractor besides.

is

Ground water
he
is to

another source of danger and

it

will

be well

for the contractor to closely

examine

his contract, to see to

what extent

furnish protection from this source, as a vein of water which

may have been temporarily stopped or diverted by the operation of building, will sometimes unexpectedly make its presence known
during or after the completion of the work, when
it

may become

source of great annoyance and expense to the contractor if he has agreed to insure a waterproof job. Numerous illustrations could

be given of the danger from unforeseen causes which can at best be

only partially obviated by the most careful examination. In order to accurately take off a building either by quantities, square or cube, a good knowledge of arithmetic is necessary; and, while we may assume that the reader already possesses this knowledge,
it

may

be well to include some of the essential rules of that

is

branch of arithmetic which

known

as mensuration.

This consists primarily

linear dimensions,

in the science of obtaining definite data

regarding given figures or surfaces, such as areas, solids, capacity,

and comparisons of

bodies.

Definitions.
is

The
its

area, or superficial dimension of

its

any

figure

the measure of

surface, without regard to

thickness or any

other dimension.

The

cubical contents of

any

figure is the

measure of

its

solidity,

or whole capacity, and has reference to the three dimensions, length, breadth, and thickness.

ESTIMATING
If the figure is considered as hollow, then the cubical contents

becomes

its

The

capacity or capability of containing matter. linear dimension of a figure is expressed by its length in a

direct line in

any direction and has no regard

to

breadth or thickness.

is made by fixing be compared and the required dimension obtained; thus, for calculating the area of a figure the unit is usually a square, one side of which is the unit of length, and the area

Units.

The

application of these dimensions

a unit by which the figure

may

becomes the square measure of the figure. This is expressed in common terms by square inch, square foot, square yard, or any other given unit and the measure of the surface is

computed by obtaining the number of these square units which are

contained in the figure, the process being called squaring. In a similar manner the cubical contents or solidity of a figure is obtained by computing the number of cubical units which it contains,

which

is

called cubing

it.

Rules. Numerous rules have been adopted for obtaining these dimensions when given dimensions are known, and a tabulation of

of

some of the more important and useful of these follows, by means which it is hoped that the student may be able to solve most of the ordinary problems which will arise in common practice.

RULES AND TABLES TABLE OF MULTIPLES

Circumference of a
circle

diameter

3.1416

Area

of a circle of a circle of a circle of a circle

Area Area Area

Radius

3.1416 square of the radius 0.7854 square of the diameter

square of the circumference half the circumference

0.07958
half

the

diameter
of a circle
of a circle

circumference

X X

0.159155

Radius
Diameter
Diameter

square root of the area

circumference

0.56419

of a circle
of a circle

0.31831

Side of an inscribed square Side of an inscribed square Side of an equal square

square root of area diameter X 0.7071

1.12838

circumference X- 0.2251

diameter
base by
-J-

0.8862

Area of a triangle

the altitude

ESTIMATING
ellipse

Area of an

Surface of a sphere Surface of a sphere

Surface of a sphere Solid contents of a sphere
Solid contents of a sphere of a sphere Diameter

product of both diameters circumference X diameter

.7854

square of the diameter X 3.1416 square of the circumference X 0.3183

Diameter of a sphere Circumference of a sphere Solid contents of a cone or

= = = = =

surface

X i f its diameter cube of diameter X 0.5236 X

0.56419
solidity

square root of surface

cube root of cube root of

area of base
six

solidity

X X

1.2407

3.8978

pyramid
Surface of a cube

J altitude

area of one side

Area of trapezoid NOTE Volumes

their similar lines.

2 sum of parallel sides of similar solids are to each other as the cubes of

altitude

MEASURE OF LINES AND SURFACE

1.

To

find the area of a parallelogram:

Rule

Multiply the
1

length by the breadth or perpendicular height.

See Fig.

Area-abxbc
Fig.
2.

Area
1.

= <ae

be

To
To

find the area of a triangle:

Rule

Multiply the base

by

half the altitude.

3.

See Fig.

2.

hypothenuse of a right-angled triangle when the base and perpendicular are known: Rule Add together the
find the

square of the known sides and extract the square root of the sum. See Fig. 3.
4.

To

find

pothenuse and the other

of the

one side of a right-angled triangle when the hyside are known: Rule From the square
square of the given side, and

hypothenuse subtract the

ESTIMATING

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

10

ESTIMATING

the square root of the remainder will be the other side. See Fig. 4. To find the area of a trapezium: Rule Divide the figure 5.
into triangles by drawing a diagonal these triangles will be the area of the
6.

and the sum

trapezium.

of the areas of
5.

See Fig.

To

allel sides

Add the two parand mutliply by one-half the perpendicular distance between
find the area of a trapezoid:

Rule

them.

See Fig.

6.

Fig.
7.

6.

Fig.

7.

To

find

one side by
this

half

the area of a regular polygon: Rule Multiply its perpendicular distance from the center, and

product by the number of sides.

Table of Multiples to Compute Measurements of Regular Polygons, the Side of the Polygon Being Unity

NAME OF POLYGON

ESTIMATING
length of a side only is given the polygon by the number in
10.
:

II

Rule

Column

Multiply the length of a side of B.

To

find

polygon that
circle,

the length of side of a a given is contained in

is

when

the radius of the circle

known:
the

Rule

Multiply the radius of

the

circle

by

name
11.

of the polygon in

number opposite Column C.

the

To

find

the radius of a

circle

that can be inscribed in a given polygon, when the length of a side is given
:

Are<l=lb)-(cd)x.7854Fig.
8.

Rule

Multiply the length of a side of the

D. polygon by the number opposite the name of the polygon in Column

Lateral Area =2 ac
Fig.
9.

12.

To

find the area of

an irregular polygon: Rule Divide the polygon into triangles and add the areas of all
the triangles.
13.

Fig. 7.

To
Rule

find the area of

tween the circumferences of

cles:

a. ring included betwo concentric cir-

Square the diameters and multiply

Fig. 8.

difference between the squares by .7854. 14. To find the area of an ellipse:
Flg
'

Rule

111

^pyramid
15.

Multiply the two axes together and the product multiplied by .7854 will be the area.
circumference of an ellipse:

To

find the

Rule

Square

12

ESTIMATING
AREAS OF CIRCLES

SIZE

ESTIMATING
SOLID CONTENTS
19.

13

To

find

the solid

contents

of

pyramid:

Rule

Find

the area of the base

20.

and

multiply this

by J height.
Rule
Multiply

To

find the solid contents of a cylinder:

the area of the base by the height. 21. To find the solid contents of
the area of the base by J of the height. 22. To find the solid contents of the cube of the diameter

a cone:
a sphere:

Rule Rule

Multiply

Multiply

by

.5236.

SCALE OF WAGES
The
petition,

item of cost of labor, on construction of any kind,

is

at

best a variable quantity, dependent to a large degree

upon com-

demand, and labor organization. The cost of labor is steadily on the increase, while the hours

of labor are continually decreasing.

The

tendency in both direc-

tions operates to a certain degree to lessen the effective power of labor, so that the amount of work done in a day is not what it repre-

sented a few years ago. The various schedules given in the following pages are based upon the current price of labor in Boston, Mass., in 1906, and while
this is likely to

there

is

be upset somewhat by a general advance in 1907, not likely to be a great difference for some time. Blank
left in

spaces are

these columns so that the student or contractor

can

fill

in local or varying prices of labor. of Eight Hours, in Various Trades, Boston, Mass.,

Wages, Per Day

1906

Carpenters Stone Masons

$3 28
.

/" rf.

4.50. .7. .T.

Brick Masons

4 80
.

?. .77
.

Hod

Carriers

2 40
.

77".

Plasterers
Plasterers' Helpers

5.00. 3 00
. .

...<?.T7.
.

.frr
.

Lathers

4.50.

#f?.

Quarrymen (9-hour day) Stone Cutters

Tile Setters
Tile Helpers

2 50
.

4.00 4.80

2.60

14

ESTIMATING
Roofers

ESTIMATING

15

In taking quantities in irregular ground, the plot should be divided into a number of definite squares and the contents of each square taken separately. See Fig. 11.

Cost of Excavating.
localities

The
The

cost of excavating varies in different

and under

differing conditions,

details or in execution.

governing factors are experience

no two cases agreeing in and

judgment.
will

Excavating is usually priced by the cubic yard and average about as follows:
12 cu. yds. per day at $2 .40 $0 20 out 12 cu. at .20 $2.40 Throwing yds. per day

Picking

Wheeling 50

ft.

away

10

$0.50
Excavations in clay or very hard soil may cost from $0.50 to $1.00 while rock excavations- will cost from $2.00 to $10.00, or more,
according to the nature and
position of the rock.
Re-fill-

ing and packing around walls will cost usually from J to \

of the price of earth excavaExcavation of sand tions.
Fig.
11.

Division of plot.

or loose gravel, which can be done by means of a horse scraper, will cost $0.30 per cu. yd. Pile Foundations. The cost of piling varies with the nature
of the soil

and the length of

pile necessary.

as an average length, then piles 30 ft. long, to receive footings, will cost $3.50 to $4.00 per pile.

Taking a 30-ft. pile driven and cut off level

STONE

WORK

Stone walls are figured either by the perch or the cubic yard. off a stone foundation, it is customary to take the corners twice, that is, each different face of the wall is measured
In taking

from out

to out, thus

doubling the corners.

This makes up for

the extra labor of laying up the corners. The cost of a perch of rubble foundations laid in Rosendale

cement mortar,

to 3,

may

be taken as follows:

16

ESTIMATING
1

perch of stone

J barrel

cement

at $1

20

ESTIMATING
will cost, if the stones

17

are about 2 feet x 3 feet, or 6 surface feet in

each block:
Stock, 4 cu.
ft.

at .60
sq.
ft.

$2.40
.67

Beds and end

joints 2
ft.

at .25
at .25

Rock

face 6 sq.

1.50
.57

Cost of 6 superficial
or 76J- cents per square
If the

ft.

foot.

same were

finished in 8-cut work, the cost of finishing the

surface would be 70 cents a square foot instead of 25 cents, making the cost per

square foot 45 cents more, or about $1.21

a square foot. Limestone.

Limestone

is

used to a

large extent, especially in conjunction with brick, for trimnrngs for various kinds of
buildings.

Limestone

will

cost

at
;

the

quarry about 30 cents a cubic foot this will apply to Indiana limestone only. Lake. Superior redstone will cost 35 cents; In estimating, cents. Fig 13 Limestone window Set about 20 per cent should be added for waste, 5 per cent quarry waste, and 15 per cent for cutting waste:

Ohio sandstone, 50

* Prices of

Common

Shapes of Limestone
foot foot
foot
$1 .50
1 50 2.50
.

Steps, 7 in. Steps, 7 in.

x 12 in. per lineal x 14 in. without nosing, per lineal x 14 in. with nosing per lineal Door sills, 8 in. x 12 in. per lineal Window sills, 5 in. x 12 in. per lineal Window sills, 5 in. x 8 in. per lineal Window caps, 4 in. x 10 in. per lineal Window caps, 8 in. x 12 in. per lineal Wall coping, 5 in. x 20 in. per lineal Platforms and large slabs, 6 in. thick, per sq.

Water

table, 8 in.

foot foot foot

foot

.25 .00
.75

.70
1 1

foot
foot
ft.

.00
.50

2.00
is

* Window Sets.

A common

use of limestone

in the

form of

window
and

consisting of a flat arch in three pieces with keystone, a light sill, as shown in Fig. 12.
sets,
* These

prices are based on a freight charge The freight on L.ake Superior stone is The freight on Ohio stone

of $0.55 per cu.

.55
.41

ft.

to Boston.

18

ESTIMATING
The
rise of these

caps

is

about 10 inches, and the

rise of the sill 5

inches.
will

an average sized window, say 4-foot opening, cost for a 4-inch reveal $10, and for an eight-inch reveal SI 5.
sets for

These

Sandstone.
cent

The

cost of dressed

sandstone

is

about 10 per

more than
Setting.

that of limestone.
cost of setting cut stone

The

may

be taken at 15

cents a running foot for

window trimmings and

ashlar work, and

Fig.

13.

Seam-Faced Granite Wall.

20 cents for platforms, water table, steps, etc. Trimming ting at the building will cost about 10 cents per cubic foot.

and

fit-

foregoing prices are based upon quarry-men's wages at $2.50 per day, and stone cutters' wages at $4.00 per day. Much of the cutting and finishing of stone is done by machinery, so that the question uf

The

wages

will not enter into the

prepara-

tion of the stock so largely as in

many

other branches.
is

Marble.

A more

expensive stone to use

marble, which can be

obtained in a variety of colors, in different parts of the country. The price of marble differs in different localities but for general purposes

ESTIMATING
may be
taken as about double the figures which Bluestone
is

19

we have quoted

for

limestone.

Bluestone.
ings, etc.,

but

is used in the East mainly for flagging, copused to a considerable extent for building, in Central

and Western sections. The price of bluestone flagging 3 inches thick with trimmed joints and face planed arid dressed, will be 65 cents
a square foot; with natural face, 35 cents to 45 cents. Bluestone ashlar 8 inches thick with natural face and dressed joints, will cost

square foot, and 15 cents a square foot for setting. In some localities granite, lying in upturned strata with open weathered seams, is to be obtained. This
$1. 00 per

Seam-Faced Granite.

used for facing walls in ashlar work, being set on edge in the wall with the seam-face showing; thip will cost, in place, 4-inch to 8-inch See Fig. 13. thick, from 60 cents to 75 cents a superficial foot.
is

BRICKWORK
Brickwork is usually estimated by the thousand bricks, but is sometimes priced by the cubic foot at 40 cubic feet to a thousand. A mason in one day will lay ffom 800 to 1,000 common bricks, or 300
to

400 face

bricks.

of bricks in a wall may be found by multiplying the area by 7J for each 4 inches of the thickness of the wall. superficial Openings of the size of ordinary windows are generally deducted, but very small openings will cost more to make than the deduction.

The number

An

Mortar.

allowance for breakage should be made of 5 per cent. Bricks are laid in mortar made of lime or cement,

according to the strength required. Lime mortar should not be used in damp situations, or where great strength is required. The difference in cost of lime and cement mortar is so little that cement

mortar

is

The
in

generally used. building laws of

some

cities require

brick

work

to

be laid

cement mortar for a certain part of the height. Cement mortar makes a darker joint, but where a white joint is required it can be obtained, without loss of strength, by using Portland cement and lime mortar.
Cost.
of mortar

The

cost of brickwork

by the thousand

in various kinds

may be

analyzed as follows:

20

ESTIMATING
In
1

3 lime mortar,
1,000 bricks 3 bu. lime at $.36 per bu. \ load of sand at $1 75 per load
.

10 hours,

mason

at $.60 per

hour

10 hours, tender at $.30 per hour

$19.96
In
1

- 3 Rosendale cement mortar:

1,000 bricks
1 J bbl.

$9.00
1
.

Rosendale cement at $1.20

80

\ load sand 10 hours,

.88

mason at $.60 per hour 10 hours, tender at $.30 per hour

6 00
.

3 00
.

$20.68
In
1

- 3 Portland cement mortar

1,000 bricks

$ 9.00

Portland cement at $2. ip load sand at $1.75 \ 10 hours, mason at $.60 per hour
1}

bbl.

2.62
.88

6.00
3 00
.

10 hours, tender at $.30 per hour

$21.50

From

these tables

we may deduce an approximate

1

estimate in

round numbers as follows:

1 ,000

bricks laid in

- 3 lime mortar
3 cement mortar

$20 00
.

1 ,000 bricks laid in 1

1

21 00
.

,000 bricks laid in

- 3 Portland cement mortar

22 00
.

So that, on a job of ordinary size, the difference between lime and cement mortar ought not to be considered, where cement mortar
will give

assurance of greater

stability.

Face Bricks.

Face bricks

in great variety, are to

be had either

of colors. On ordinary face plain or moulded, and in a variety brickwork a mason with tender will lay about 300 to 400 bricks in

a day.

ESTIMATING
Faced bricks cost from $25.00
to $50.00 per thousand;

21

a good

average brick can be secured for $32.00. a thousand, laid, about as follows:

This

will

make

the price for

1,000 face bricks IJbu. lime at $.36

$32.00
.45
.

i load fine sand at $1 .75 3 days, mason at $4.80 1J days, tender at $2.40

88

14 40
.

3.60

$51.33

From

this

we

find that 1,000 face bricks can

be laid in the wall

which $33.33 goes for stock and $18.00 for labor. Enameled bricks are to be had in various colors, white and buff being the most common. These bricks cost from $50.00 to $60.00
for $51.33 of

per

M.
Concrete.

Concrete

is

walls, piers, etc.

The

cost of concrete
if

used to a great extent now for footings, is not a great deal different

from stone for foundations and

suitable sand and gravel, as is at a less price than a granite footing. Concrete with a reinforcement of steel
for piers, floors,

uncovered a deposit of sometimes the case, it can be put in

there
is
is

used in various forms

and

walls.

The

1-3

and

cost of a cubic yard of concrete, using the proportion of 6, may be summarized as follows
:

bbl.

Portland cement

$2.10
.75

3 bbl. sand

6 bbl. broken stone

at $.60 per hour Laborer, 4 hours at $.30 per hour

2.00
1
.

Mason, 2 hours

20

1.20

"$7^25

Cellar concrete 3 inches thick will cost $.60 to $.75 per square yard in place. Concrete of Rosendale cement can be put in at less

being for foundation walls about $6.00 per cubic yard; for piers $6.50 per cubic yard.
cost,

22

ESTIMATING
MISCELLANEOUS DATA
CHIMNEYS
Chimneys may be quickly estimated by the
lineal foot of height,

as follows:
1

flue

8
8
12

in. in.
in.

in.
in.

1 1

"

x 12

"

x!2
x
8 x 12

in.
in. in.

2 flues 8 2
"

in.
in.

per foot $0.90 with flue lining $1.10 " " " 1.25 per foot 1.00 " " " foot 1.20 1.50 per " " " foot 1.40 1.80 per " " " 2.20 per foot 1.75

FLUE LINING
Net
4J 4J in.x
in. in.

price per foot, outside dimensions. 8J inches $.10 8J in. x 17J inches $.32

x!3
x 8J

"

.16 .16 .22

13
13

in.x 13 in.x 18

"

.30

"
"

"

8J 8J in.x 13

.42 .70

18

in.x 18

"

For openings add one-third.

MASONS' SUPPLIES
Portland Cement

Rosendale Cement
Extra Lime for Skimming

No.

Lime for Mortar Vermont Lime

1

Plaster,

250

Ib.

bbls.

$ 2.10 per bbl. " " 1.20 " " 1.15 " " 1.05 " " 1.20 " " 1.60
.01] per
Ib.

Mortar Color, Red, Mortar Color, Red, Mortar Color, black

in bbls. in 100 or

200

"

"
u

Ib.

keg

.01}

.Q3J

"

Philadelphia Pressed Brick, for fireplaces Fire Brick

35.00 per M. " " 35.00

.25 per bush.
1
.

Best Plastering Hair

Mortar Hods
Brick Hods
10-in.

50 each
" "
"

1.25
.50
.

Mortar Hoes
2 Shovels, square point, plain back

Good No.

75

Sand Screens, wood leg Bolted Dump Barrows

6'.

00

"

2.00

"

ESTIMATING
Metal Corner Bead
Iron "

23

Rim and
"

"

"

Cover, 20 " 18 " 15

in.
in.

diameter "
"

$0.04 per ft. 3.50 each

3.00
2.50
"
"

in.

CELLAR COLUMNS
cellar support^, in place of brick piers, pipe columns cona steam pipe filled with cement, under a patent, are coming of sisting

For

into general use in

many

localities.

These columns

cost less,

and take up

less

room than a brick

:

pier of equal strength.

SIZE,

The

prices are as follows

24

ESTIMATING
CARPENTRY
The Carpenter-Work of a building includes, in general, the if a wooden building, the floor timbers, studs of
and
walls, rafters, the covering in of the frame, with
its

skeleton or frame,
partitions

and clapboards, siding or shingles, the flooring, furring, and beads. This practically covers the constructive woodgrounds, work or carpentry proper, while to the term joinery belongs the outside and inside finish, windows and doors, sheathing and dado,
exterior finish
stairs

and

fixtures.

sections the general term carpentry covers all woodand working covering, while in others the distinction between the carpenter and the joiner is more distinctly drawn.

In

many

distinction,

For the purposes of this work it will not be necessary to hold this and so for convenience, the term carpentry will be used

branches of woodworking. Two distinct elements enter into the carpenter-work of any structure; the Material and the Labor, and the cost of both is subject The trend in both is in the directo fluctuation to a great extent.
to cover all

tion of increased cost in varying degrees in different localities, but

the state of the market in both labor

so that

and materials

is

never quiescent,

any printed prices must be considered as comparative only, and must be carefully compared with local and known data before being
accepted as accurate or final. The material with which the carpenter works, consists in the main of three principal divisions, the Frame, the Covering, and the
Finish, and each of these has further subdivisions as will be noted.

Board Measure. All lumber which has not been wrought or moulded, is sold by "board measure" that is, the stock in each piece
is

is

reduced to a unit of a square foot of board one inch thick. This called board measure and is expressed by the abbreviation B. M,

Prices of lumber are usually rated by the thousand feet, so that the expression "Twenty-five dollars a thousand" means twenty-five To reduce dollars for a thousand square feet of stock one inch thick.

stock of greater thickness than one inch, to measure, several rules may be used.

its

equivalent in board

convenient method

is

to divide the

product of the width and

in feet

thickness in inches by 12,

and multiply by the length

ESTIMATING
TABLE OF BOARD MEASURE
SIZE IN INCHES

25

26

ESTIMATING
Example.

How many feet, B. M., are there in a joist 2 in.

x9

in.,

20

ft.

long?

2X9
-

20

30

ft.

B.

M.

12

When

the sizes are fractional, or produce a product not easily

divided by 12, the operation

may sometimes be simplified by varying the process and multiplying the length in feet, and the thickness and width in inches together, and dividing the whole product by 12.
Example.
16
ft.

How many
16

feet are there in

joist

2J in.-x 9

in.,

long?

2J
12

9
-

30

ft.

B.

M.

MISCELLANEOUS PRICES OF LUMBER

LUMBER
Dimension spruce lumber up present per M., board measure.
10-inch
stock, per lengths,
to 9 inches of

depth will cost at $26.00

M.

*30.00
2.00

For long

add per M.

Hemlock boarding
Spruce boarding

24.00 25.00 27.00

Spruce boarding matched

Spruce upper Extra shingles
Clear shingles
floor

45.00
4.00 3.50
50.00

Spruce clapboards
Siding cypress

30.00 55.00

Drop or
Laths

novelty siding

5.00
in.

Georgia pine timbers 12

35.00 40.00

Georgia pine timbers 14 Georgia pine timbers 16

in.
in.

50.00

FLOORS AND FINISH

Georgia pine, heart face
rift

Georgia pine,

common

rift

$70.00 45.00

ESTIMATING
Maple flooring Quartered oak
North Carolina
$ 55.00
flooring
pine,
rift

27

125.00 to
stock

150.00

40.00 33.00

North Carolina pine, slash stock

FINISH
Georgia pine Cypress No.

$ 45.00
1

80.00
75.00 90.00
120.00

Cypress No. 2 Oak, plain

Oak, quartered
Birch

65.00

Whitewood Ash

s52.00
55.00

Elm
INSIDE DOOR
2ft.

40.00

FRAMES
.

in.

x6

ft.

8 8

in. in. in.

$1.00
1.10 1.15
.75

2ft. 10 in. x 6

ft.

3ft.

in.

x7

ft.

For transom bars add

Calculating the Frame.

In taking

off the

rough frame of a house

for the purposes of estimating, the most accurate method is to take a schedule of every piece of timber from the framing plans, but as it often happens that the estimates are asked for from the general drawings,

before

framings

are

made,

it

sections to estimate the cost of

become the custom in many the walls and floors by the square of
has
sills,

100 superficial feet, making separate allowance for plates, and other large timbers.
If
it

girders,

desired to take off the frame separately in the absence of framing plans the following data may be of use. The sills of an ordinary house will usually be from 6 in. x 6 in.
is

to

girders from 6 in. x 8 in. to 8 in. x 10 in., and in. x 8 in. to 3 in. x 12 in. joists generally 16 in. on centers. of Wall studding outside frame and bearing partitions will

in.

x 10

in.,

floor

from 2

usually be 2

in.

x 4

in.

- 16

in.

on

centers.

Studding of

clos-

IN

ESTIMATING
and
x 6
light walls will usually
in.,

ets

be 2
in.

in.

x 3

in.,

plates 4 in. x 4 in.

and
in.

4 6

in.

sometimes two 2
x 12
in.

x 4

in.

doubled, rafters from 2

in. to

in.

and 18

in. to

24

in.

on

centers.

In taking off the frame, the

sills

and

plates will of course

be

measured by the linear feet in the outside wall. The position of the main bearing partitions will usually give the number and location of
the girders.
fireplaces

and
8

stair
in.

Studs are doubled at openings and at corners, and openings will call for timbers of a large size, say
width.

from 6

in. to

Assuming that the joists are 16 in. on centers, the number of a floor will be given by taking f of the length of the building joists on The number of studs in the outside in feet, and adding one joist. frame at 16 in. on centers may be found by taking of the number of
f-

lineal feet in the outside of the building,

corner, and one

for each

adding one stud for each door and window. To this must be added

any gables or bay windows or other projections.

the

number

in the inside

of lineal feet of partitions will frame at 16 in. on centers.

Three quarters of give the number of studs This allows for doubling

of studs at openings

and corners.

For the number of rafters take the length of the building divided distance of the rafters apart and add 1, this gives the number the by of pairs of rafters if a plain gable roof, while the number of rafters in a hip roof can be found by dividing the whole distance around the
building by the distance apart.

Spruce lumber is generally used for framing, but Georgia pine must sometimes be used for large girders. The cost of spruce lumber is from $26.00 to $28.00 per M.,
Cost of Frame.
for sizes
in.

and under; $30.00

for 10 in. stock, with a corresponding

in.

increase for large sizes.

cost $35.00 per

Hard pine lumber, 12

M.; 14 in. sizes $40.00; 16 in. sizes Hard pine from the South by shipload will cost about $5 00

and under, wilJ $50.00, and so on.

less

per

M,
of

The
M.
sill
;

labor of framing

sills,

girders, etc., will cost

about $10.00 per

etc. $12.00. plates, rafters,

30

ft.

long, containing
ft.

From this we estimate that a section 90 ft. B. M. will cost as follows:

Stock, 90

B.

M.

of 6 in. x 6 in. spruce at $26.00 per

M. $2 34
.

Labor

of framing at

$10 00 per M.
.

.90

$3.24

ESTIMATING

29

Dividing this by 30, the length in feet, we get lO-^ cents, or about 11 cents a running foot. In this same way the posts, girts, and other special timbers may be figured.

Having disposed of the large timbers separately we can An analysis of this the floors by the square of 100 feet. up a follows: us result as gives Cost of a Square of Flooring:
Floors.

now

take

Joists 2 in.

x9

in.,

16

in.

on

centers, 112J

ft.

B.

M.

at $26.00
sq.
ft.

$2.92
1
.

Labor, per square of 100

Nails

50
10

Bridging

50

Under floor, 100 ft. Hemlock at $24.00 Waste J of stock Labor

Nails, 5 Ibs. at 3 cents per Ib. Strapping for ceiling 1 in. x 2

2 40
.

.80
.

75

.15
in.,

16

in.

on centers

40
10

Nails

Labor

1.00
ft.

Upper floor, 100 Waste Labor

Nails

of Spruce at $40 00

4 00
.

1.30
1.50
.

15

Paper, labor, and stock

25

Total per square

In the same

$ 1 7 82
.

way we may

estimate the cost of the walls as follows:

Outside Walls, boarded: Studding 2 in. x 4 in., 16

50ft. B.

in.

on

centers,

M.

at $26.00

$ 1.30

Waste J stock
Nails

Labor, per square, studding

Beads and grounds Boarding, 100 ft. hemlock Waste J stock

Nails

at

$24 00
.

Labor per square, boarding

Total cost per square

30

ESTIMATING

Shingling the outside walls will cost* Shingles, 850 at $4.25

$3 61
.

Paper and laying

Nails

50

.25
2. 18

Labor on shingling per square

Total cost of shingling

$6 54
.

Roofing with 2 in. x 6 in. rafters spaced 20 in. on centers 2 in. x 6 in. rafters 20 in. on centers at $26.00

will cost

$1 .56
.39

Waste}
Labor
Nails

2.00
.

10

Boarding

2.40
.60

Waste Labor
Nails

1.00
.15

Total cost per square

Inside studding ready for lathing will cost: Studs, 2 in. x 4 in., 16 in. on centers, 50 ft. B.

$8 20
.

M.

at $26. $1

30

Waste
Nails

J stock
'

.65

.15
1
.

Labor, per square

50

Beads and grounds

Total cost per square

.40

$4.00

Windows

of average size in place will cost approximately:

Window frame
Sashes 3
Blinds
ft.

$1.20
ft.

x5

1.75 1.00
.15 .38

Blind fastenings Weight, 30 Ibs. at 1J cents per Ib. Sash cord, 20 ft. at 1 cent per ft. Sash fast
Inside casings, 20 ft. at 3 cents per Stop beads, 16 ft. at If cents per ft. Labor, 8 hours at 41 cents per hour
ft.

.20
.25
.

70

.28

3 28
.

Total cost of window in place

$9.19

ESTIMATING
Inside doors of average size will cost, complete: Door 2 ft. 8 in. x 6 ft. 8 in. x 1 } in. pine, to paint

31

$2 40
.

"

Frame
Casings

1.00
1
.

33
15

Threshold
Nails

.05

Hardware
Labor, 8 hours at 41 cents

1.25

3.28
$9 46
.

Total cost of door

in place

Rift hard pine upper floors will cost, per square of 100 square feet $6.50 Rift hard pine flooring, 100 ft. B. M. at $65.00

Waste and matching J Labor

Nails, 5
Ibs. at

of stock

2.16
2.00
.15

3 cents per

Ib.

Paper
Total cost of floor per square

.25

$11 .06

Approximate cost per square ft. Finishing with shellac and wax
Total per square foot finished

11 cents

3 cents

14 cents

Quartered oak floor, per square Finishing with shellac

Total cost per square foot

ft.

25 cents
4 cents

29 cents

A common
Door 3 Frame

front door will cost

ft.

in.

x 7

ft.

in.

x 1}

in.

$ 5.75

4.50
2.50
ft.

Plate glass

Casings, 20

at 4 cents

.80

Hinges

.68

Lock and knobs Labor

Total cost of door

4.50 4.00

$22.73

32

ESTIMATING
pair of sliding doors, fitted

complete, will

average

about

as
,

follows:

2 doors 3

ft.

in.

x 7. ft.

in.

x 1|

in.

each

$6.00
1
.

44

feet casings, at 4-V cents

feet

98

40 40

grounds, at 1 cent

.40 .80

feet stop beads, at

2 cents

Astragal

1.00
.20

Chafing strip

Lock
Hangers and track
Sheathing pocket, 84 ft. at 40 cents Labor, 40 hours at 41 cents

4.50
4 50
.

3 36
.

16.40

Total cost of doors

$39 14
.

and

These are some of the principal parts of a house analyzed will serve to show how the cost of any portion may be obtained by dividing it into parts and pricing each portion by itself.
Following are some miscellaneous details of carpenter work carpenters working in pairs can put up in a day about
:

Two

300 300

ft. ft. ft.

ft.
ft.

B.

B.
B. B. B.

600 800
600 500

ft.

B.

M. M. M. M. M. M.

of studding.

of rafters.
of floor joist. of wall or roof boarding. of matched boarding. of diagonal

matched boarding.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

CELLAR WINDOW
Frame
Sash

$1.50 1.20
.

Hardware Labor

15

.50

$3.35

CELLAR DOORS
Stock door, 2
ft.

in.

x 6

ft.

in.

x 1J

in.

Frame
Finish, 36
ft.

$2.25 1.00
1.62

4^

in.

anish

ESTIMATING
Threshold

33

Hardware Labor

$0.15 85
.

3.00

~8W~
Paper on walls under clapboards or shingles per square: Paper
Laying

$0.20 05
.

$0.25
Inside Finish.
in place:

Inside finish in white

wood

or cypress,
$0. 12 .40
.

cost

in.

base board with 2

in.

moulding, per running

ft.

ft.

ft. wainscot of narrow sheathing, per running Plain wall sheathing, per square foot

05

.3^ in.

cap

for wainscot

.06
.06

in. in.
ft.

4
3
1

picture moulding chair rail

.07
.35

panelled dado, per sq. ft. case of 3 drawers complete

Stock.
will cost

8 00
.

Finishing

White wood or cypress stock which has

been moulded

a foot long, less off, so that a 5 in. casing

or 3J
cts.

one cent for every square inch of section a trade discount, which at present is 30 per cent
will cost 5 cents

per foot

less

30 per cent,

per

foot.
in.

Casings, 5

$0.03i
.05J
in. in.

Base, Sin.
Plinth blocks, 5

x8 x5

in.
in.

Corner blocks 5
Stock pattern
Newels, 5
in. in.

x If x 1J
in.

in.
in.

05

.05

7 Mouldings T F cent per

sq. in. of section

stair rail

2^

x 2J

in.,

per foot

17

Balusters, If each

.09

Newels, 6
Plate

stock pattern stock pattern

5 00
.

6 00
.

rail and picture moulding per foot Picture moulding per foot

.09

-01J to .03

Stock drawer case,

Panelled draw

3 drawers

3 50
.

case, 5 drawers

13 00
.

OF THE

UNWERSlT

34

ESTIMATING
Inside

2ft. 8

Doors five cross panels in. x 6 ft. 8 in. x 1J

10
in. in.

in
in.

pine to paint $2.40

2
'^

ft.

x 6

ft.

10

in.
in.

in.
in.

2.50 2.80

3ft.

x7ft.

x 1J

Window Frames
2J
ft.

^
$1 10
.

x 4J
ft.

ft.

3ft. x 5

1.20

STAIRS
trade of stair-building, while a part of the general work of joinery, is usually taken up as a separate trade and is done by

The

men who do
to

nothing

else.

have the

stairs figured

For this reason it is and built by a regular

better,

if

possible,

stair-builder,

who

will have the special tools, moulds, and stock necessary for this branch of carpenter work. There are usually in every house, two sets of stairs, one in the

front part of the house and one in the back part. Sometimes the as the stairs are so arranged to land together in second story, but

divide

somewhere

in

their

part, the

more ample and

height upon a common landing, one elaborate, running from the front hall, and the other from the back hall or kitchen.
is

This
is

called a combination staircase

and
See

often

an economical solution of the

stairs.

problem of front and back

Fig. 14.

When two
in,

separate staircases are put

condition that

each will have a distinct character,

it

and

is

this

we

shall

UP

consider.

Front

Stairs.

The

front stairs of ordi-

nary width and elaboration, say from 3 ft. to 4 ft. wide with turned balusters and
Fig.
14.

Combination Staircase.

at

$3.50

to

moulded rails and posts, in white wood or North Carolina pine, may be approximated This is on the basis $4.50 per step, complete.

$1.50 per step for labor, the remainder for the stock. Panelling in connection with the stairs should be figured at $.40 to $.50 per
sq.
ft.

of which one-half will be labor

cent, for

and the other half the

cent.

stock,

For ash add 50 per

oak 75 per

ESTIMATING

35

Winding steps will cost about double the 'price of straight steps for material, but the labor will be increased only about 50 per cent.
This price
with li
in.

will allow of

hard pine treads and plain moulded turned balusters, two to a tread.
definite data

rail

No more
is

such a wide variation in design and

of posts,
rails,

can be given as to front stairs, as there finish, and such a wide range

in .selection

and balusters. and panelled newel may be had moulded In general a good

for $5.00 to $8.00, landing posts $3.00 to $4.00, rail 15 to 18 cents per lineal foot, balusters 9 to 12 cents each. Balusters

turned in colonial pattern with an upper shaft, a

square, and an urn-shaped turning at the base, will cost, turned to detail, about 18 cents; if twisted,

add 30 cents. See Fig. 15. These prices are for open brackets are used on the outside
12 to 15 cents per step.

string
stringer,

stairs,
it

if

will

add

Back Stairs. Common box stairs, for general use in the back and attic portions of a house, will cost about $1.60 per step, this includes 85 cents
for

stock and 75 cents for labor.

Winders

will

be used more frequently here than in front stairs ard will cost about double the price of a straight step.

plank with no risers will cost about 65 cents per step, giving 20 cents for labor and 45 cents for stock.

Open

cellar stairs of

Fig. 15. Balusters in Colonial

Pattern.

Summary.

From

the foregoing

it

will

be found that a

flight

of front stairs in white

about $64.00; and

is

wood will cost, at the average run of 16 steps, the same in ash $96.00; in oak $112.00. This

a fair price for good plain work and will give a satisfactory result. The back stairs at 15 steps would cost $24.00 and the cellar

Under conditions where much of the handrailing $7.80. could be done away with, the prices could be reduced considerably.
stairs

DAY'S

WORK

carpenter in one day can do any one of the following items:

400 running feet of plaster grounds 40 pairs of bridging

1

window, complete, frame, sash, and

fittings

36

ESTIMATING
1

door, setting frame, hanging, casing, and fitting with hardware

Casing windows, 4 per day

Hanging and Hanging and

fitting blinds,

10 pairs per day

fitting doors, 5

per day

Casing doors, 5 per day

Cost of labor per square of 100
feet:

Framing Framing Framing Framing

of floors, per square of walls of plain roofs of hip and va~ ley roofs

$1 50
.

1 1

50 50
20
75

2 00
.

Heavy framing
Boarding walls Boarding walls with matched boards Boarding walls diagonally

1
.

1
1

00

00
00
75

Boarding

roofs
floor
floor diagonally

Laying rough

Laying rough

1
.

.00

Bridging floors
Furring brick walls 12 Furring brick walls 16
in.

50

on centers on centers
6
in.

1
1

.50

in.

.00
.

Laying spruce upper

floor,

stock

50

Laying spruce upper floor, 4 in. stock Laying hardwood floors, 2 \ in. stock
Shingling walls and roofs Clapboarding walls

2 00
.

2.50
2. 18

2.18
.

Papering walls under shingle or clapboards

25

Work by

the piece; labor:

$1 25
.

Making window frames Making door frames Door frame with transom Setting window frames, each Setting window frames in brickwork, each
Hanging blinds, per pair Fitting and hanging sashes per pair Hanging transoms Casing windows

00
50

1
.

30

50 50

.32
.

40

.80

ESTIMATING
Large size windows and cellar windows
Casing door opening, one side Casing door opening, both sides
Fitting, hanging, Fitting, hanging,

37

$1 .50
.

Attic

75

32
65
65

and trimming door

and trimming outside door

closet

00

Pair of sliding doors, double

13.00
1
.

Work

in

common

50

Exterior Finish.
in the

The

exterior finish of a house will consist,

main, of the water table at the bottom, the belt midway, and

the cornice at the top.

Prices of labor per lineal foot

Water
Belt

table,

3 members at 3 cents

$0.09
.03
.08
ft.
.

Corner boards
Cornice, 3 to 6 cents each member, or per

50

Gable

finish, lineal foot

.60

Piazzas and Porches.

An

about 75 cents a square

$6.00 per running foot.

foot,

ordinary piazza will cost, complete, making for an 8 ft. piazza a cost of

Shingled piazza columns each at 2 cents 28ft. boards

:

$0.56
.28
1
.

11
1

ft.

studding at 2} cents

bunch shingles

00
13

Nails

Labor

4.00
$5.94

Square cased columns 8 Stock

in.

x8

in. will cost,

each

Labor
Erecting

$3.50

38

ESTIMATING
simple balustrade of straight square balusters 1J
fooj:
in.

will cost

per running

Top

rail
rail

in.
ft.

x4
x 4

in. in.

SO. 12

Bottom
Labor

.08
.

Balusters, four to a foot

12

.32 SO. 64

Piazza ceiling per square

Sheathing

Waste
Furring Nails

Labor
$8.50
Piazza Finish:

Stock pattern, 5

in. in.

turned columns

8 8

ft.
ft.

long long

$ 2.00

Stock pattern, 6 Stock pattern, 8

turned columns

2.75
3 50
.

in.

Colonial columns 9

ft.
ft. ft.
ft.

long long
long

Stock pattern, 10 in. Colonial columns 9 9 8 in. Doric Column from detail
10
10
in.

5.50
6 50
.

Doric Column from detail

Fluted

9 9
in. in.

long
long

8.50
15.00
1
1

in.

Column from
in. in.

detail
ft.
ft.

ft.

Short Posts, 5 Short Posts, 6 Piazza

x5
x6

in.
in.

x4 x4

.00
.

50

Piazza, balusters If in., 14 in. to 16 in. long, .06 to

rail

.10

If x 3f in. per

ft.
ft.

.06

Piazza

rail

2} x 3J

in.

per

.07
1
.

Tin roof per square

Conductors
15
ft.
:

00 to

2 00
.

pipe at 15 cents

Gooseneck and labor

Putting up

$3.40

ESTIMATING

39

HARDWARE
The
is

best

way

to get at the cost of

hardware

is -to

and price

for each job

from the

dealer.

The

get a schedule price of hardware

constantly changing.

Prices are given here for a few staple articles

of ordinary value.

Nails per cwt.

$2.50
(bronze metal)

to

$4.00
8.00
1.50
2 00
.

Front door set

Vestibule door set
Inside door set

7.00 to 10.00

6.00 to

1.00

to

Store door set

Single sliding door set Double sliding door

6.00 to 10.00
1
.

50 to

2.00 to
3 50 up
.

3.00

Double acting floor hinge per pair Double acting spring hinge "

Window
Sash
fast

fixture, weights, etc.

2 00 up 1.10 up
.

each
fixture
set

.25 to

.35

Transom

.30 to

.50
.

Cupboard door

60

Folding door bolts Flush bolts per pair

Butts, small size per pair
Butts, ordinary size, per pair Double coat and hat hooks, per dozen

1.25 to
1

3.00

.50 .25 .30 to .40

2 50
.

Screws, per gross, bronze

Single sliding door hanger Double sliding door hanger

.85

2.50 to 3.75
3 50 to 5 50
.
.

NAILS
Nails are priced from a base price per hundred weight adopted the manufacturers, which includes certain sizes of the more by common kinds. From this base the different kinds of nails are
priced by means of extras, as agreed upon. The present base includes common, fence, and sheathing nails in sizes from 20 penny
to

60 penny.

Following is a schedule of all kinds of cut and wire nails in general use and the extra price of each kind per cwt. above the
base,

which

is

$2.50 per cwt., for cut nails and $2.45 per cwt.

for wire nails.

40

ESTIMATING

National List of Extras per cwt.

ESTIMATING

41

42
Earthen drains 4

ESTIMATING
in.

diam. per foot

per
ft.

20
75

Arch brick

laid in wall
sq.

M.

ICO 00
.

Marble mosaic per

Marble threshold, exterior Marble base per foot

Granolithic per sq.
Steel
ft.

5.00
.50
.

25

beams per
Ib.

Ib.

.03

Cast iron per

.02
1

Copper skylights per sq. ft., heavy Plastering 2 coats on wire lath Wooden balustrade per ft.
Outside blinds for a house
will

.75 to 2 .50
.

65

50

average per pair Inside doors, 5 cross panels, pine to paint, average Store sash If in. per lineal foot

.85

3 25
.

.30
1
.

Storm sash for house will average Outside door frame with transom
Inside door frames will average

55

3 50
.

1.10
1
.

Same with transoms Factory window complete 4 ft. Framing heavy lumber per M. Planing lumber per M. Laying plank floors per M. Common bricks per M.

85

in.

ft.

in.

3 00
.

12

00

2 00
.

9 00
.

9 00
.

Common bricks laid in wal! per M.

Concrete foundations per cu. yd.
Shingling on roof per square
Slating

20 00
.

7 25
.

6.54
11.80
6 00
.

Tar and gravel

roof per square

Tin roofing per square, average

ROOFING
Description. Many kinds of material are used for covering roofs, depending upon the nature of the work, the pitch of the roof,
the desired appearance, and the availability of material. Shingles. The roof covering of an ordinary wooden house

is

shaved or sawed, but sawed generally of shingles. THese are either come in bundles of 250, or shingles are generally used. Sawed shingles four bundles to the thousand. These quantities are based on a width

ESTIMATING
of 4
less
in. to

each shingle so that

if

and consequently,

they are wider they will be numerically narrower, there will be more in number.
if

Common

shingles are 16

in. to

18 inches in length.

Measuring. In measuring for shingles the quantities are usually taken by the square; equal to 100 sq. ft., and the number of shingles
or exposure which is given to the required will depend upon the lap is the roofs On length usually 4J inches, and on exposed shingles.
walls 5 or 6

inches

is

the usual exposure, although in the carrying

out of special designs a greater or less exposure may be given. The covering capacity of 1000 shingles at various Quantities.

exposures

is

as follows:

4 inches to the weather 4 J inches

to the

111 sq.

ft.

weather

5 inches to the weather 6 inches to the weather 7 inches to the weather

125 sq. ft. 139 sq.ft.

167 194

sq. sq.

ft.
ft. ft.

= = = =

900 per square 800 per square 720 per square

600 per square

=514 per square

= 450 per square

8 inches to the weather

Cost.
will cost

222 sq.

Sawed cedar

from $4.00

to $5.00 per thousand,

shingles of best quality marked "Extra" and clear shingles, that is,

having the exposed lower third of clear stock, will cost $3.50 to $4.00 per thousand, and it will require 5 pounds of 4 penny nails. These will cost 3 cents a pound if plain, or 5 cents, galvanized.

A carpenter
hours
will

in

one day of 8

lay 1500 shingles on work or^lOOO if surface is plain

much

cut up. This will cost at $3.20 per day from $2.14 to $3.00. In estimating shingling an

allowance will be necessary for waste; this should be about 5 per cent on plain roofs and 8 to 10
per cent on roofs with valleys, or dormers.
Slating.
Fig.
16.

many hips,
made
in

Slates are

Slating.

different sizes

from 6 x 12 up

to

16x24 and
work.

larger sizes for special

They

are laid
:

with

reference to head-cover rather

than ex-

posure, that

is

the lap of cover of each course by the second above

44

ESTIMATING

gives the gauge to which slates should be laid, Fig. 16; this lap is usually 3 inches, so that the exposed length of any slate may be
it,

found by subtracting this lap from the length of the slate and dividing by 2. This exposure multiplied by the width of the slate gives the
exposed area of the slate, and the number of slates in a given area may be found by dividing the area in square inches by the exposed area of the slate.

Example.
a roof
(14
in.
if

How many slates will

x 14-in. slates are used?

be required per square to cover

14400
sq. in.
in.

8-in.
in.)

-3
2

5J

in.

in.

x 5J in.

44

sq.

in.

327.

44

sq.

In measuring a slate roof it is usual to allow an extra width of from 6 inches to a foot, according to localities, on hips, valleys, eaves,

and wall
of roof.

cuttings, to allow for the extra

work

involved.

Extra charge should be

made

for towers

and

all

varied forms

Quantities.
roofing
is

The number
533

of slates required to cover a square of

given for various sizes in the following table:

6 x 12
7 x 14

10 x 20
11

165 138

377 277
214

x 22

8 x 16 9 x 18

12 x 24

114 83

14 x 28
:

The cost of slating per square is as follows

Slates

10
1

in.

x.16 in.

$ 7 50
.

Labor
Nails

day, slater

3 50
.

.15
.

Roofing paper Labor on paper

.50
.15

SiTTso

Tin

roof per sq. ft, average Gutters per ft., galv. iron Galv. iron conductors per ft., put up
roof, plain per

$0.11
.90
.18 to .25

50 00 roof, with battens per square 6 00 Gravel roofing, 5-ply per square Zinc flashing, 1J cents per inch of width, per foot.
.
.

Copper Copper

square

40 00
.

ESTIMATING
Tiles.

45

Where a

special feature

is

to

be made of the

roof, tiles

are often used but these are found in t>ach a variety of shapes, sizes, and prices, that a roof of this sort should always be given to a roofer
to estimate.

Metal Roofs.

Copper or

tin is generally

used for roofs where a

metal covering is desired. Copper roofs, if steep enough to show as a feature of the building, are usually laid with ribs over battens. This

makes a handsome and durable roof the

creased.

cost being not greatly in-

Copper roofing will cost from $35.00 to $40.00 per square. Flashings around skylights and balustrades, 30 to 50 cents
a lineal
foot.

For a cheaper metal roof, tin is generally used this may be used on steep or flat roofs. Tin for roofing should be painted on the under side and carefully soldered on the top.
;

roofing will cost from $10.00 to $12.00 a square. Composition Roofs. For flat roofs, a composition of tar

Tin

and

paper in layers finished with a protective coat of gravel,

is

often used;

the cost of this depends upon the number of layers of paper and "moppings" of tar required, but a 5-ply roof will give good service

and

will cost about $6 00 a square. Gutters and Conductors. Gutters and conductors are both
.

made of wood or metal, metal being preferred in metal gutters copper and galvanized iron are used.
Copper gutters
Goosenecks
will cost

all cases.

For

about
.

Copper conductors
. .

$1 25 a 50 to .75 a
.

lineal foot.

foot

5 00 to

00 each

Moulded conductor heads 4 00 to

Straps

1
1

00 each
00 each

Galvanized iron gutters will cost about 90 cents a lineal foot, and conductors, 18 to 25 cents a foot according to size.

PLASTERING
Plastering is measured by the square yard and in 2-coat or 3-coat work. In taking off plastering it
is
is

usually done

customary

to

deduct only one-half of the area of openings to allow for the extra

work

of plastering to the grounds.

46
In some

ESTIMATING
localities

no openings are deducted unless more than

is

not generally followed. Narrow strips, such as chimney breasts, if less than a foot wide, are generally called a foot. Round corners, beads, and arrises must

7 yards in area, but in close figuring this

be taken separately by the

lineal foot.

Raking

surfaces require additional

work and should be taken

Circular or elliptical

at

about one-half more than plain work.

work

should be charged at two prices and domes, groins, and intersecting Cornices are taken by the square foot of girth soffits, at three prices.
with enrichments charged separately by the lineal foot. Lathing. Lathing is generally included in the plasterer's price although put up by a different set of men. Lathing is estimated by
the square yard or by the thousand laths, the price being $2.75 to S3.25 a thousand.

Labor.

Two

plasterers requiring one helper will

do from 40

to

50 square yards of three-coat plastering, or 60 to 70 square yards of two-coat work, in a day of 8 hours, and 1,200 to 1,500 laths makes a 100 cq. yds. of lath and plaster will cost day's work for one lather.
about as follows, for two-coat work:
1,500 laths at $4. 75 per Ibs. 3d. nails at $3.20 per cwt.
laths
.

10

$ 7.12 32
.

Labor on
6
1

4 50
.

10 bushels lime at 48 per bu. Ibs. hair at .04

load sand

4 80
.

.24

1.80
15 00
.

Plasterer 3 days at $5.00 Helper 1 i day s at $3 00

.

4 50
.

Cartage

1.00

$39.28
Cost of a square yard of two-coat work, $39.28
to
-r-

100

39

40 cents.

This

is

done

in the

a price which is on the increase and, while plastering is country towns as low as 35 cents per yard it will not be

safe to use this price

any length of time.

ESTIMATING
For three-coat work we may take the following schedule: Laths and putting on, as above $1 1 94
.

47

13 bush, lime at .48

6.24
.32

Slbs.hairat .04
1J

loads sand at $1 80
.

2 70
.

Ibbl. plaster Paris Plasterer 4 days at $5.00

1.70

20 00
.

Helper 2 days at $3.00

Cartage

6 00
.

1.00

$49.90
cents. sq. yd. of three-coat work, $49.90 In some portions of the country a set of rules has been of plasterer's work which are in the adopted governing the valuing

Cost of a

-^-

100 = 50

Rules.

main
"

as follows:
First.

Measure on

all

walls

and

ceilings the surface actually

less

or any openings of plastered, without deducting any grounds extent than seven superficial yards.
Second.

Returns of chimney-breasts, pilasters, and all strips of as twelve inches plastering less than twelve inches in width, measure the down to is finished and where the base, surbase, wide; plastering
or wainscoating, add six inches to height of walls. Third. In closets, add one-half to the measurement.
ceilings

Raking
ceilings,

and

soffits

of stairs, add one-half to the measurement; cir-

cular or elliptical work, charge two prices; three prices.

domes or groined

Fourth.

For each twelve

feet of interior

work done farther from

the ground than the first twelve feet, add five per cent; for outside work, add one per cent for each foot that the work is done above the
first

twelve feet."

Stucco-work
less

"Mouldings foot, to be taken

is generally governed by the following rules; viz., than one foot girt are rated as one foot, over one

superficial.

When work
For each

one-fifth. run same cornice, add one foot to length of cornice, and, for each external angle, add two feet. All small sections of cornice less than twelve inches long

add

requires two moulds to internal angle or mitre,

measure as twelve inches.

lar or elliptical

For raking
price;

cornices,

add one-half;

circu-

work double

domes and

groins, three prices.

48

ESTIMATING
all

For enrichments of
higher the work
is

kinds a special price must be charged.

The

add
first

to

it

above ground, the higher the charge must be; at the rate of five per cent for every twelve feet above the

twelve feet."

PAINTING
Painting taken solid to
is

make up

estimated by the yard, doors and windows being for the extra labor of cutting in the sashes and

mouldings.
Railings, fences, grilles,

painter in priming coat, or 80 yds. of the second coat.

and similar surfaces are taken solid. one day will cover 100 yds. of outside work one

Ten

pair of blinds will

make a

On

day's work. first coat, one pound of paint will cover about 4

sq. yds.

and

6 sq. yds. on the subsequent coats. will cover 20 yds.

One pound

of putty for stopping

Shingle stains require a gallon for every 500 shingles if dipped two-thirds in, and for a brush coat after laying," a gallon will cover

about 200
1 1

feet of surface, or

1500 shingles.

gallon of priming color will cover 50 yards will cover 50 yards gallon of zinc white of will cover 44 yards white gallon paint gallon of black paint gallon of stone color gallon of yellow paint gallon of green paint
will cover

1
1 1 1 1 1

50 yards 44 yards 44 yards

will cover

will cover
will cover

gallon of emerald green will gallon of bronze green will cover 75 yards

45 yards 25 cover yards

The

following table gives the comparative covering of paints by

surfaces.

weight on various

COVERING OR SPREADING POWER OF TYPICAL PAINTS* ON WOOD

FIRST COAT

SECOND COAT

Red

lead

112 221
100 Ibs. of

252

White lead
*The figures represent square feet covered by gistency, applied evenly with a brush.

324
paint of the usual con

ESTIMATING
FIRST COAT

49
SECOND COAT

Oxide of zinc

378
453
756

453

Red oxide

540 872
540

Raw linseed oil

Boiled linseed
oil

412

ON METAL

Red lead
White lead
Oxide of zinc

477
648

1134

Red oxide

870
1417
1296

Raw linseed oil

Boiled linseed
oil

ON PLASTER
Red lead
White lead (on Oxide of zinc
sized wall)

324
362

594
(unsized wall)

Raw linseed oil

Cost.

55

99

The

cost of painting varies under different conditions but

in general the following table will

be found an average price:

INSIDE
coat per sq. yd. 2 coats per sq. yd. 3 coats per sq. yd.
1

WORK
$0.12
.20
.

25

1 1
1

coat shellac per sq. yd. coat size and 2 coats paint

.10

.20
.30

coat size and 3 coats paint stipple

INSIDE FINISH
1

coat liquid " 1 coat

filler,

coat varnish

$0 20
.

filler,
filler,

2 coats varnish 3 coats varnish

coat varnish

.25

coat

"

.30
.25

1 coat
1 1

coat
coat

paste "

filler, 1

filler,

2 coats varnish 3 coats varnish

.30
.35

"
filler,

50

ESTIMATING

Tinting walls in distemper will cost 15 cents per sq. yd. for small amounts and 10 cents per sq. yd. for 50 yds. or more. Finishing hard wood floors with filler, shellac, and 2 coats of varnish or wax finish
will cost

30 cents per

sq. yd.

OUTSIDE PAINTING
new work per sq. yard new work per sq. yard 3 coats new work per sq. yard
1

coat

$0.10
.18
.

2 coats

25

SANDING
2 coats paint, 3 coats paint,
coat sand per sq. yd. coat sand per sq. yd. 3 coats paint, 2 coats sand per sq. yd.
1
1

$0 28
.

35

.50

Painting on brick will cost 12 cents per yard for the first coat, but subsequent coats will cost no more than on wood. Tin roofs can be painted one coat for 5 cents a yard.
a brush coat in addition costs 50 cents.
pair for

1000 shingles dipped two- thirds of their length will cost $3.00 and Blinds are rated at $1.50 per

an average

size.

HEATING

The

heating of a building

is

generally

made

the subject of a

special contract. The three usual

methods for house heating are, the Hot Air Furnace, the Hot Water Boiler, or the Steam Boiler. Sometimes a combination system of hot air and steam, or hot air and hot water is
used.

Estimates of the cost of heating should be obtained from contractors

who

follow this particular branch of construction. the heating will range according to the system 12% of the cost of the building, as follows:

In general, for an ordinary class of building such as residences,

apartments, stores,
used, from
etc.,

6%

to

Hot air furnace Steam Hot water

7 per cent. 8 to 10 per cent. 10 to 12 per cent.

6 to

ESTIMATING
These
self.

51

figures are
is

approximate and the only

off the

reliable

way

to obtain
it-

the actual cost

by taking

items and figuring each job by

The hot air heating of an ordinary house can Quantities. be approximated closely by the builder on the basis of cubic contents to be heated; and the area of piping and capacity of the furnace
can be approximated by means of the following general- rules To determine the size of pipe for any room, find the cubic contents of the room in cubic feet and divide this by 25 for rooms on
:

the

first floor,

and by 35

for

rooms on the second and

third floors.

the cold air box at least j of the combined area of pipes, none of which should be smaller than 7 inches in diameter.

Make

Example.

For a small house

of seven

rooms the quantities

may

be as follows:

FIRST FLOOR
Parlor

12 x 15 x 9
sq. in.

ft.

high 1624 cu.

in.

ft.

divided by 25
divided by 25
81 sq.

= =
10

65 58

or 9
ft.

Hall

g'x 20 x 9

pipe high 1440 cu.

ft.

sq. in. or 9 in. pipe

Add 40%
pipe

for second story hall space

making
ft.

in.

in.

Dining

Room

14 x 15 x 9

ft.

high 1890 cu.

divided by 25

76

sq. in. or 10 in. pipe

SECOND FLOOR
Chamber Chamber Chamber
Bath
13 x 15 x 8J
11

x 12 x 8

14 x 16 x 8J

= = =

1658 cu.

ft.

-=-

35 35

1122 cu.

ft.

-r-

1904 cu.

ft. ft.

-j-

35 35

Room

8 x 10 x 8i =
:

680 cu.

-5-

= = = =

48

sq. in. or

in.
in.

pipe
pipe

32
55

sq. in.

or 7

sq. in. or 8 in. pipe sq. in. or 7 in. pipe

20

Total pipe area 2 - 10 in. pipes 78 sq. 1 - 9 in. pipe 64 sq.

2- 8 27
in.

in. in.

each

156 sq.

in.

64
'

sq. in.
in.

in.

pipes 50 pipes 38

sq. in.
sq.
in.

100 sq. 76 sq.

in.

Total pipe area

396
the size of the furnace and

From

this scale

we can determine

the cost of piping.

52

ESTIMATING

cost, set in place,

furnace to carry say 400 to 500 sq. feet of pipe area would from $100 to SI 25. The labor on pipes, registers,
to $24.

and furnace $20

The cost of piping will depend on the distances to run but the material can be estimated as follows:

Round

tin pipes will cost;

from A. A. charcoal

plates, as follows:

SIZE OP PIPE

ESTIMATING
Zinc per
Ib.

53

$0.10
Ib.
.

Wrought

iron per

04

Galvanized piping per Ib. Galvanized cold air box per

09 09

Ib.

Galvanized furnace shields per

sq.

ft.

.08

Register box netting per sq. ft. Asbestos paper at 1J Ibs. per sq. ydo

.05 .05

Figure cold air supply f combined area of piping. Register grilles take up J of area of register.

Locate registers nearest convenient point to furnace, inside Locate furnace so that all pipes will be as part of room preferred.
nearly equal in length as possible.

Estimate pipes by lineal foot, but elbows and dampers rately, also registers with boxes and borders.

sepaair

Allow from $1.00 to $1.25 for flange connection of cold

box to furnace casing. Cover all risers with asbestos paper in

partitions.

HOT WATER AND STEAM HEATING

must be taken
In estimating for heating with hot water, all pipes and fittings off and listed, all standard radiators priced by the

square foot of radiation, and special radiators listed separately,

also tanks, valves, hangers, etc.
listed in the trade catalogues, together with the of square feet in each section. These prices are subject to varying discounts which can be obtained of the manufacturers.

Radiators are

number

Radiation.

The amount
so

depends upon

many

of radiation necessary for each room varying conditions that all rules are in a

way approximate.
Certain formulae
in ordinary cases,

may

be used, which will give good results

but just what allowances are necessary must be

determined by the heating engineer.

The same is true of making the estimates of hot water or steam and the contractor should in all cases have the job figured by an
expert.

In ordinary cases the amount of radiation

may

be determined

ESTIMATING
from the cubic contents of the rooms to be heated by the following tables which give the proportions of one square foot of radiating
surface to the cubic contents of the various

rooms

in cubic feet.

STEAM
ONE SQUARE FOOT OF RADIATION WILL HEAT

ESTIMATING
or cesspool,
if

55

the drains are included, or,

if

not, at the outer

end of

the soil pipe, and take off carefully every pipe with its fittings, which should be itemized carefully as this data will be useful in getting
at the

amount

of caulking, fitting, etc.

Soil pipes should

be estimated by the lineal foot, allowing in each joint f of a pound of lead for every inch in diameter
Soil Pipes.

of the pipe. List prices of pipe and fittings can be obtained from the dealers, which are subject to discount; these vary from time to time, but the

mon

present discounts will be found to bring the prices of the materials about as follows
:

more com-

DRAINAGE
4-in. extra
3-in. extra
2-in. extra

heavy heavy

soil
soil soil

pipe per pipe per

pipe per

ft.

30
22
15J

ft.
ft.

For

fittings

heavy add 35 per cent

running trap

to the cost of pipe.

4-in.

2.00
cleanout

4-in. brass ferrule

4-in. lead

bend

50 1-50
.

4-in. brass ferrule

2-in. brass ferrule

.50
.20 .22

Solder per

Ib.

WATER SUPPLY
40
gal.
1-in.
1-in.

galvanized boiler and stand brass pipe per ft.

ft. ft.
ft.

$15.00
.60
.09

galvanized pipe per

galvanized pipe per
galvanized pipe per stop and waste cock

|-in.
i-in.
1-in.

.06
.05
1

.50

f-in. stop
i-in.
Sill

and waste cock stop and waste cock

to cost of pipes.

.90
.

80

cock

1.00

For

fittings,

add 30 per cent

WATER
1

cu. ft
ft.

1 cu.

7. 48 gallons 29. 92 quarts

56

ESTIMATING
1 cu. ft.,
1 1

62.321

Ibs.

1004
1692

oz.
Ibs.
Ibs.

cu. yd.

gal, 231 cu.

in.

1-foot cylinder

8J 49.1
.028

Ibs.

1-inch cylinder

Ibs.

Pressure per sq.

in.

depth

in feet

x 433.

Each 27.72 inches

of depth gives a pressure of 1 Ib. to a square inch. barrel 31 i gal.

ft.

Contents in cu.

x 2375

barrels.

Head

of water

pressure in Ibs,

per sq.

in.

x 2.31.
in.

Number

of gallons in a foot of pipe

Diam.

inches 2 x .04.

Supply for one person is 15 gallons a day. Actual use 6 gallons to 12 gallons. Water 34 feet high has a pressure of 15 Ibs. per sq.
in.

equal to atmosphere.

CAPACITY OF CISTERNS
In Gallons, for

Each Foot

in

Depth

DIAMETER

IN

FEET

Herbert

HOUSE AT WASHINGTON, ILL. Edmund Hewitt, Architect, Peoria,

I1L

Walls of Cement on Metal

Roofs Covered with Shingles Stained Green. All Outsldt Woodwork Staim-d Dark Brown. No Paint on Outside except on Sash.
L,ath.

RAN
Built in
f904.

House, Constructed the Same as if for All Year-Round Use, and Provided with Heating Plant.

HOUSE AT WASHINGTON, ILL. Herbert Edmund Hewitt, Architect, Peoria, 111. Cost, about $4,500. House was Built for a Summer

bitf

ESTIMATING
Enamelled iron lavatory complete
5-ft. G-in.

57

$25.00
.

to

$40.00

enamelled iron bath complete $60 00 to $100.00 Bath tub only $25.00 to $35.00

Soapstone laundry trays complete

One

part
parts

$15.00
$30.00 $45.00

to to to

$18.00
$35.00

Two

Three parts
List prices of fittings
to large discounts,

$60.00

may

be obtained from

all

dealers, subject

which should be considered frequently as they are

constantly changing.

Having made a complete list of pipe, fittings, and fixtures, the labor of construction of an ordinary job of plumbing will run from 20 to 40 per cent of the cost of materials.
Labor.

GAS FITTING
As
to cost.
in

plumbing so

in

gas

fitting,

the wide range of selection and

cost in fixtures,

makes

it

impossible to give satisfactory data in regard

piping only, of an ordinary house will cost from $1.75 outlet, and the whole outfit should cost from 3 to 5 per cent of the cost of the house.
to $2.00

The

an

Pipes of usual size cost as follows:

f-in.

gas pipe per foot

50 03
.
.

J-in. gas pipe per foot

04
05

f-in. gas pipe per foot

1

J-in.

main

.08

Fittings 25 per cent of cost of pipe.

ELECTRIC

WORK

The

original contract for a house usually provides for the wiring

for electric lighting and bells, but fixtures are generally left to be provided for by a later agreement, as there is such a great latitude
in selection

and

cost.
:

wiring one of two systems is usually employed the conduit system, where the wires are all run in pipes or conduits, and the knob and tube system, where the wires are run in the clear
electric light

For

space between timbers, secured to porcelain knobs, or passing through short tubes of the same material.

58

ESTIMATING
In general, the rough wiring of a house may be reckoned at $4.00 and $2.00 per outlet for knob and tube
for every time the wires are
fixtures.

per outlet for conduit work,

work.

This

is

whether for switches, cutouts, or $1.50 for each lamp or switch.

Switches.

brought to the surface, Another way is to allow

Various kinds of switches are used, the two principal

in price according to

kinds being the push button, and the rotary switch.

These vary

make and

finish.
.00.

good rotary switch can be had at from 90 cents to $1 Push button switches from $1.00 to $1.10.

Snap switches from 30

Wires are sold
in coils

to

40 cents.

which are marked with the gauge and

manufacturer, and should bear the label of inspection acceptable to the local Insurance board.

The

for usual house

cost of wire will vary with the gauge and the insulation but work should cost, for No. 14 wire, 2 cents a foot.

It is well to

house, the

remember that, in electric wiring, the larger the more per outlet the wiring will cost. This seems contrary
but
is

to expectation

occasioned by the smaller percentage of lights

bells in

to

length of wire.
Bells.

The number of call

a dwelling will vary according

to the plan

ten,
bell.

and choice of the owner. For an ordinary house the number would range from six to and the cost should be from $18.00 to $25.00 or about $3.00 per

HOUSE AT FKAMINGHAM, MASS., AS REMODELED FOR C. LA VERNE BUTLER, ESQ.

Frank Chouteau Brown,
Architect, Boston, Mass.

Alterations on this Plaster House Completed in the Spring of 1906 at a Cost of $8,000. Taking into Consideration the Changes Made In the House and the Work Pnt in on Repairing and Raising the Roof, etc., an Entirely New House of this Size Could be Built for Nearly this Sum-Certainly within $9,000.

ESTIMATING
PART
The
taking-off of quantities
II

and making-up of an actual estimate, This is done, as is the end toward which our efforts are now directed. has been said, in a number of ways, no two persons arriving at the same conclusion or following exactly the same methods. To give the
student a practical idea of how estimates are made, we shall now demonFor this purpose, strate the method of procedure in an actual instance.

wooden Colonial residence of which the and the method of making these, are fully and working drawings, plans described in the course on "Architectural Drawing," and of which the details are also described to a certain extent in the chapters on "Building

we

shall take the case of the

Superintendence;" and shall proceed at once to take and make up an estimate of cost.

off the quantities

Method. The usual method followed

in the

is

to take off the quantities

of building, beginning with the Excavation

order in which they occur in the specification or in the operation and ending with the

Painting.

Two methods of
may may

procedure are open to the Contractor, which he

avail himself of according to his experience or confidence.

He

take off simply his own particular branch of the work, relying on each sub-contractor to give him a price for the detailed portions of the work; or, if he is a general contractor, he may, with the requisite

knowledge of general building operations, take off all the quantities, pricing them according to his knowledge, and may submit his prophis own figures. The latter method requires and is followed great experience, generally by large contractors, who have in their employ men whose business is mainly to take off quantities and make up estimates.
osition

on the basis of

The

of the data given in Part I

following estimate has been carefully made up on the basis .as to prices of materials and labor. In

actual practice, details of more or less importance will vary in different localities and among different contractors; but the example

here given illustrates the process

fully.

&
fcl

a?

62

ESTIMATING

ESTIMATE
OF

RESIDENCE AT RIDGEDALE, MO.

FOR GEORGE

A.

JONES, ESQ.

Staking-out and setting batter-boards

$15.00
10.00

Water supply during construction

$25.00

EXCAVATION
Excavation is priced by the cubic yard; and in this to which the excavated material must be carted distance the regard, In the present case, the material will be an important consideration.
is

NOTE.

to be carried only a short distance, so that

no unusual conditions

will

have to be considered.

As before mentioned,
foot larger all

it is

around than the

sill

usually well to dig a cellar at least a line, so that plenty of room may be

afforded to the

mason

to plaster the outside of the wall.

This should

be done

without regard to the specifications.

outside the line of the house,
it

As

this extra excavation

lies entirely

separately,

remembering
wall,

that

it

will

extend

may be well to take it off down into the trench

below the

making about 8

feet of height.

QUANTITIES

Cu. FT.
....

336

.... 272
; .'.
.

83-

...

140

....
.

544
328

DETAIL- OF- FKOAT-

LLLVAT1QNl/ee/tr~

Pig. 3

64

ESTIMATING
Brought forward
1 1

,784 cu.

ft.

MISCELLANEOUS QUANTITIES
Piers
2ft.
in.

X X X
X

ft.

in.

X
X

ft.

in.

12

168

Trench
185
ft.

in.

1 ft.

in.

1 ft.

in

308
129

Area
14ft.
in.

2ft. Sin.

X X
X X

3ft.

Gin
Gin

Drains
123
ft.

in.

ft.

in.

1ft.

645
242

Cesspools 5 ft. 6

in.

ft.

in.

8
8

ft. ft.

in in

lOft.Oin. XlOft.Oin.

800
120

Dry Wells
6

2ft.

in.

2ft.

in.

oft.

in.

Total,

TCT96
$262 50
.

cu.

ft.

Total, 14,196 cu.

ft.,

or 525 cu. yds., at 50 cents

STONEWORK
LS IN

4
\

yt-

-.'t
1

pi

-r

ESTIMATING
Brought forward
23ft.
in.

480 cu.
.316

ft.

12

ft.
ft.

in. in. in.

28

6ft.

10ft. Oin.

8ft.6in. 9ft.0in.

25
6

ft. ft. ft.

Oin.
in.

23

Oin.

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
-r-

8ft. Sin.

6ft. Tin. 8ft. 3 in.

6ft. Tin. 6ft. Tin.

6ft.Tin. 8ft.3in.
6ft. Tin.

ft.

in.

6ft. Tin.

X X X X X X X X X X

1ft. Sin. 1ft. Sin.

......
......

132

1ft.
1ft.

8 in
6 in

385
59

Ift.Oin. ......

66
93
123

Ift.Sin

Ift.Sin Ift.Sin
1 ft.

2T4
66

8 in

Ift.Sin. ......

252
14

PIERS
2ft. 6 in. 5ft. 6 in.

2 2

ft.
ft.

in.
in.

ft.

in.

ft.

in.

12ft. Oin.

3ft. 6in.

12

ft.

Oin.

ft.

in.

X X X X X
X

Ift.Oin
1 ft. 1 ft.

Oin..
in

14

4
84
..

2ft.

Oin
Oin.

ft.

84
T3

AREA
14ft. Oin.
3ft. 6 in.
1ft.

6 in
Total,

2,519 cu. ft

2,519 cu.

ft

25

101 perches of mortar wall.

UNDERPINNING

ESTIMATING
Brought forward $
101
perches of mortar walls, at $4.25 14J perches of underpinning, at $6 50
.
.

67

36 00

429 25
.

94 25
.

Total cost of Stonework,

$559.50

PLASTERING WALLS WITH CEMENT

192ft.0in.

6ft.7in.

l,264sq.ft.

1 40

sq. yds., at $.40

$ 56.00

CESSPOOLS
LEACHING CESSPOOL
23
ft.

in.

ft.

in.

1 ft.

in.

282 cu.

ft.

-h

25=

1 1J

perches.

11J-

perches at $3.50.
,

$39.65
2.50
42. 15

Cover

TIGHT CESSPOOL
11
ft.

in.

8ft.

in.

92

sq.

ft.

15 bricks

1,380 bricks.

1,380 bricks at $20.00 per

$27.60

Ironcover

3.00

30.60

ft.

in.
11

ft.

in.

DRY WELLS X 5 ft. 6 in. X 12 = 264 cu. ft.

-r-

25

=
27.50

perches

11 perches at $2.50

DRAINS
171
ft.

at $.20

14bendsat$.30

$34.20 4.20

38.40
$754.15

Total cost of Stonework, Cesspools, and Drains

BRICKWORK
Find the number of bricks in a foot of height in each or pier, reckoning five courses to the foot of height. chimney

NOTE.

CELLAR
35
107J 55

X X X

280 860 440

Carried forward
1,580 bricks

8 8

TT

f OG, - GEO&GE.-A-JDM&J0UILrtE-

60IL.DWJ

PLAN- OF- FlfcJT - FtOOR,-

Fig.

5.

cx

k i

ESTIMATING
Brought forward

71

1,580 bricks

VERANDA PIERS
58J

10

585
6 in
in in

CHIMNEYS
107J 105 35
35

127^ 35

57i
127J

X X X X X X X X

ft.

700
1,155

lift. lift.
4ft.

385
157
701

Gin
6 in

ft.

19ft.
4ft.

Oin

665

Oin Oin

230
1,402 7,560 bricks
$ 151 20
.

11

ft.

Summary
7,560 bricks at $20.00 per M., laid ...... 3 fireplaces at $30.00 each
.
.

90.00
9.10
10.80

FLUE LININGS
36ft.,

26ft, 13 9
68ft.,8J

in.

13

in.,

at

$.35

in.

round, at $.30
13, at

$.30

20.40
$ 281 50
.

Total cost of Brickwork-and Flue Linings,

CONCRETING
SQ. FT.

23
3 15

ft. ft.
ft.

in. in.
in.

4ft. Oin.

X X X X

38
9

ft. ft. ft.

in

874
28J 390

6 in
in

26

7ft.

Oin

28
1,320 sq.
ft.

Total, 1,320 sq.ft.

147 sq. yds., at $.60

$88.20

PLASTERING
NOTE. Take off square feet of plastered surfaces, and deduct one-half of the openings, after reducing to sq. yds.

CELLAR
23
9
ft. ft.

SQ. FT.
Oin.

in.

X X

38
3

ft. ft.

Oin.:
in

874
J

28

Carried forward

902

sq.

ft.

RJLJJDEMCJL- AT- JWDGEDALE,

bourne - Artefact
9*

ba/ton.

TJWoa

botlding

/!

& ALL fIR/T rtOOR JOyt} TO or- z'x;o" A&"OC

FiRJT-FLOOR,01

Ocedegf hi
.

234007
. 1 1

-"ooA.-

8.

ESTIMATING
Brought forward
15
ft.

73

902 403

sq.

ft.

in.

30ft.0in.

X X

26

ft.

in

8ft.0in

240
1,545 sq.ft.

FIRST STORY
25ft.0in.
11
ft.
ft.

in.

25

Gin.
in.

490 ft.

X X X X

40ft.0in
3
ft.

1,000

in

33

16

ft. ft.

Gin...
in

420
4,410
5,863 sq.
ft.

SECOND STORYSQ. FT.

25ft. Oin.

16

ft.

in.

520ft. Oin.

X X X

40ft.

in

1,000

19ft Oin
8ft. 6 in

313
4,420
5,733 sq.
ft.

Total amount of plastered surfaces, 13,141

sq.

ft.

OUTS
32 doors, average 40 sq. 34 windows, average 15
1,790 sq.ft.
13,141 sq.
ft.

ft

1,280

sq. ft

510
1,790 sq.
ft.

+
sq.

2
ft.

==
=
=

895

sq.ft.
ft.

less

895

12,246 sq.
.

1,361 sq. yds.

Total cost of Plastering 1,361

sq. yds., at

$ 40

$ 544 40
.

CARPENTER WORK
FRAME
Ft. B.

M.

1881inearft., 6 " "

136 74

" " "

"

250
188

"
"

4 4

X X X X X

in. sill

564
272

Gin.

"

10

in. girders Gin. posts Gin. girts

494 500
376
2,206

2,206ft. B.

M.

at $38.00 per

M
UNDER FLOOR
"

$ 83.82

FIRST-STORY FRAME, BRIDGING AND

25
ft.

Oin.

40ft. Oin.

1,000

Carried forward

~$

83.82

o'ra34i7es
of
I I I I

Fig.

9.

ft

PORCH RAFTEKTTO ti 2-xc--.2cr o C

Au

OF-

0*2
of

34- >5

Fig. 10.

OF THE

UNIVERSITY
OF

76

ESTIMATING
Brought forward
llft.Oin.

$ 83 82
.

26

ft.

in.

X X

3
16

ft.

in

33

ft.

6 in

429
1,462 sq.ft.

1,462 sq.ft.

14.62 squares, at $9.35 per square

$ 136.70

UPPER FLOOR Hard Pine

25
ft.

in.

16

ft.

in.

421

sq.

ft.,

at $10.50

per square

44 21
.

Oak
25
ft.

in.

llft.Oin.

X X

40
3

ft.

in. in.

1,000 sq. ft. "

ft.

33

1,033 sq.

ft.

1,033 sq.

ft.

at $20.00 per square

$ 206 .60

PORCH FLOOR
6ft.
in.
in.

ft.

X X

llft.Oin. 5
ft.

66 45

sq.ft.

"

in.

PIAZZA FLOOR
26
ft.

in.

20 ft. 6 489 sq. 40 ft.

20
ft.

in.

X X

9
7

ft. ft.

in. in.

----

234
144

"

y
ft.

"489 sq.
ft.

at $12.35 per square

60.39

SECOND-STORY FRAME, BRIDGING AND STRAPPING FLOORS

in.

in.

X X

25
17

ft. ft.

in in

1,000 sq.ft. " "

340

1,340 sq.ft. 1,340 sq.ft. at $18.00 per square

$ 241.20 $ 135.34

THIRD STORY
l,340sq.
ft.

at $10. 10 per square. ...

ROOF FRAME, BOARDING AND SHINGLES30 ft. 34 ft.

in.

in.

X X

16

ft.

in.

16ft. 6 in.

X X

2 sides

990 sq.

ft.

2 sides.. 1,122

" "

2,1 12 sq.ft. 2,1 12 sq.ft. at

$16.67 per square

$ 352.07 $

FLASHING
.TiN ROOF, FRAME AND BOARDING
21ft.0in.

40.00

7ft.6in

157 sq.ft. Carried forward $ 1 300 33

,
.

-PLAN-Or-THlRD-FLOOR-cS-'ROOFo
l a T. i.i

4-\5 iii

7 S
i

Fig. 11.

78

ESTIMATING
Brought forward Gin
6 in 6 in
$1 ,300 33
.

19ft. Oin.

llft.Oin.
14ft. Oin.

X X X

6ft.

5
9

ft.

124sq. " "

ft.

60

ft.

" " JL33 "474 sq.ft.

474sq.
172
6
3

ft.

at $20.92 per square

99.16

OUTSIDE WALLS, STUDDING AND BOARDING

ft.

Oin.

ft.
ft.

in.

in.

X X X

20ftOin
10
ft.
ft.

Oin.
in.

X X

3,440 sq.ft. " " 130 " " 2 sides 54 _ 3,624 sq.ft.
2 sides

3,624 sq.

ft.

at $8.30 per square

$ 300 79
.

INSIDE STUDDING
180
196
ft.

in.
in.

ft.

28ft. Oin.

X X X

9 ft. Oin... ....>... 1,620 sq.ft.

8 ft. 6
8ft.

in

1,666"
224
"

"

Oin

"

3, 510" sq. ft.

3,510 sq.

ft.,

at $4.00 per square

$ 140.40

CLAPBOARDING
44
6
2
ft.

in.

ft.
ft.

in.
in.

39 ft. Oin.

X X X X

19

ft.

in.

8
9
19

ft.
ft. ft.

O'in.
in.

Oin.

X X X X

2 sides

1,

672
96

sq.

ft.

2 sides 2 sides

" " " "

36
1,482

2 sides.

" "

3,286 sq.

ft.

at $7.'95 per square

3,286 sq. $261 23

.

ft.

Deduct for stock only, 36 windows

= 54T
sq.
ft.,

at $4.70 per square

25.38

$ 235 85
.

MISCELLANEOUS
DORMERS
6,at$50each
$ 300.00

MAIN CORNICE
180
ft.,

at $1.25 per ft

225.00

BALUSTRADE ON ROOF
96 ft, at $0.50 per ft 18 posts, at $1.50 each
Carried forward

$48.00 27.00

75.00
$2,676.53

ESTIMATING
PIAZZA FINISH
Cornice

79

Brought forward $2,676.53

at $2.00 per ft

102

ft.,

204.00

Columns
9 in place, at $10.00 each

90.00
20.00

Corner Pilasters

2J in place, at $8.00 each

Balustrade

76 ft., at $.50 per ft

$38.00
12.00

Small Posts
8J,

at$1.00each

50.00 25.00

OutsideSteps
Lattice

55

ft.

in.

1 ft.

in.

82J

sq.

ft.,

at $.15

persq. Porch Ceiling

ft

12.37
11.10
25 .00

111 sq.ft., at $10.00 per square

BULKHEAD STEPS
CORNER BOARDS
252
ft.

in.

Sin.

168

sq. ft, at $.30

persq.

ft.

50.40

WATER TABLE
117J linear ft, at $.20 per
ft

23.50

WINDOWS AND FRAMES

Attic

4 windows, circular top, at 4 Tvindows, square, at Second Story 8 windows, 3 ft 6 7 windows, 2 ft 6

First Story
1

$11 20 each
.

$ 44 80
.

$5 25 each
.

21 .00

in. in.

X X

5ft in., 4ft 6 in.,

at $13.

33 each

$106.64
80.08
$ 11.44

at $11 .44

each

window, 2ft 6in.

ft.
ft.

2 windows, 2 2 windows, 2

6
6

in.

in.

X X X

4ft 6
5 3
ft.
ft.

in
in.,

6
9

in. ,

$12 00 each at $1 1 00 each

at
. .

24 00
.

22 00
.

2 pairs French windows (oak), 4 ft. 6 in. X 7 ft. 6

1

in., at

$18 24 each
.

36 48
.

window, 3

ft.

4 in.

ft.

in.

(oak finish) ....

16 57
.

Carried forward $3,550.91

-PLATE,

CH

4*8

PiATI

(2)

s:

S
H-P.
-LEDGERBOARD-

5*
H.P.
LEPCiFR-

I
I
-PlATE

TWO

2A-4-"

-FLOOR. o 12 3
of
Ii III
I

-t
I

&
I

e 7 e.
I

Ij^-^r-t

Fig. 12.

ESTIMATING

81

1
1

window, 3 window, 2

ft. ft. ft.

4
6

in. in.

2 windows, 3
/.
.

4 in.
6

X X X
X

ft. ft.
ft.

6
5

in. (birch finish) ..

Brought forward $3,550.91 16.57

finish)
.
.

5
5

6 in. (birch
in.

14.45

(whitewood), at

$13.33each
ft.

26.66
45.76 56.33

4 windows, 2
.-.:

in.

4ft. Gin. (N. C. pine), at

$11 .44each
side

FRONT DOOR, with

3
ft.

and top
ft.

lights
,

in.

in.

REAR DOOR
2
ft.

10

in.

ft.

6 in

13.46

CELLAR SASHES
12, at $3.25 each.

39.00

INSIDE FINISH
Coal bins in basement, 240 sq. ft. Studding 240 sq. ft. at $3 00 per square $ 7 20
.

"$4.75 Boarding240 Labor on 2 doors, one day COLD-AIR Box

3
ft.

"

"

"

11.40
3 25
.

21 85
.

in.

1 ft.

in.,

25

ft.

long, at $.62 per linear

ft

15 50
.

BASEMENT PARTITIONS
46
ft.

in.

ft.

in.,

368

sq.

ft.,

at $8.75 per square ...

32 20
.

3 doors, at $8.87 each

26.61
ft

67J ft. shelving, at $.15 per 1 door to bulkhead

10. 12

10.00

FIRST STORY
in. X 7 ft. 6 in. (whitewood and birch finish) doors (whitewood and birch finish) pair sliding 40 ft. birch base at $.20 per ft 1

door, 2

ft.

20 67
.

53 52
.

8.00
22 67
.

door, 3

ft. ft.

in. in.

door, 2

10

X X

7 7

ft.

in.
in.

(whitewood and oak) .... (whitewood and oak)

.

ft.

20 67
.

WOOD CORNICE
56 56
ft.,
ft.

IN DINING

ROOM

in.

X
IN

in. (birch), at

$.48 per
ft

ft

picture moulding, at $.06 per

$26 88 3.36
.

30.24

WOOD CORNICE
82 ft., 6
in.

LIBRARY
6
in.

(oak), at $.48 per

ft

$39.36
$4,035.19

Carried forward $39.36

82

ESTIMATING
Brought forward $39.36 $4,035.19 4.92 44 28
.

82 ft. picture moulding,

at $.06 per ft

OAK BASE
72ft. at$.20perft
1

14.40
7
ft.

door, 3

ft.

in.

6 in (whitewood)

12.59
56 33
.

VESTIBULE DOOR,

side lights

and top light, same as front door.

ft

WHITEWOOD BASE,
Sdoors (N. C.

101

ft.,

at $.10 per

10 10
.

pine),

at$9.48each

47.40
100 00
.

CHINA CLOSET FINISH

PANTRY.

50.00

KITCHEN AND BACK ENTRY SHEATHING

65 linear ft, at $.40 per ft

26.00

MANTELS
Allowance

$125.00

Labor of setting

6.50

$131 .50

SECOND STORY
16 doors stock, at $9.48 each
1

$151.68
10.00

archinhall

2 wood columns, at $10. 00 each 5 closets, at $3.50 each

1

20.00
'.

17.50

linen closet

25.00 20.00

linen closet

THIRD STORY
2 doors, finished one side, at $7.04 each 1 closet door
.

.$

14.08
7 04
.

Tank
Finished
Base, 14
floor,
ft.,

.'..'.

10.00

100

sq.

ft
ft

7.25
1

at $.10 per

.40

CONDUCTORS
120 ft., at $.13 per ft, put up.
.

6goosenecks, at$1.00each CUTTING AND FITTING FOR PLUMBING AND HEATING

$15.60 6.00

$ 21 .60
35 00
.

FREIGHT, FARES AND EXPENSES

50 00
.

[NSURANCE
Total cost of Carpenter Work

10.00
$4,928.34

-ALU /"XAltt

RAFTER5
Z*(,'-2(>O.

TO BE 2X7"-2O'-O-C
PORttER RAfTERS

OF- ROOF1 1 1

r?TT/^f-*.

84

ESTIMATING
STAIRS

FRONT STAIRS
128ft. spruce,

120ft. whitewood,

85

ft.

30 ft.

at$30per at$70per quartered oak, at $150 per M. mahogany rail and turn

3.84 8.40
.......

12.75

24 00
.

5 paneled posts at $5.00 each 105 balusters at $.15 each

11 nosings at $.06 each

25.00
15.75

66
.75
1
.

25 scotias at $.03
Nails, glue, etc

each

00

Labor

56.00

$148.15

BACK STAIRS
First Flight

55 ft. spruce, at $30 per 105ft. N. C. pine, at $60 per

16 scotias at $.03 each
Nails, etc

$ 1.65

M
:
. .

6.30
48
.75

Labor
Second. Flight

16.00

25.18

54 ft. spruce, at $30 per 110ft. N. C. pine, at $60 per

17 scotias at $.03 each
Nails, etc

$ 1.62

6.60
.51

75
75

Ipost
4ft. rail,at$.12iperft

50
.75

12 balusters at $.06J each

Labor

17.00

28.48

CELLAR STAIRS
40 ft. spruce, at $30 per 75ft. N. C. pine, at $60 per
Post
Rail

$ 1.20

4.50
50
1.20

Labor

5.00

12.40

$214.21

Framing
Total cost of Stairs
.
.

2 00
.

$216 21
.

ESTIMATING

85

HARDWARE
NOTE. This estimate is based upon a fair quality of hardware, the butts being of bronze-plated steel, the knobs of struck-up bronze metal, with rose and escutcheon combined; the sash fasts of solid
bronze metal, also
lifts

and catches.

BASEMENT
BULKHEAD, OUTSIDE
2 pairs extra heavy galv. $.85 each

hinges,

8-inch at

$1 .70

2 hooks and staples, 5-inch, at

$ 10 each
.

20

Labor

1.00

BULKHEAD, INSIDE
1 1

pair heavy

T hinges, 8-inch

15

thumb-latch

10

Labor

50

THREE DOORS
3 pairs butts, 3

S^-inch, at

$ 15 each
.

45

3 sets locks at

$.45 each

1
1

.35

Labor

.50

HINGED WINDOWS
12 pairs butts, l^-inch, at

$ 06 each
.

72

12hooksand eyes,at
12 buttons, at

$.02each
$.02 each

.24 .24

Labor

1.50

$ 9.65

FIRST FLOOR

ENTRANCE DOOR

H pairs butts, 4i
1 set locks,

4J-inch, at

$.38 each

$ .57
9 50
.

bronze metal

Labor

2.00

SEVEN INSIDE DOORS, FRONT

7 pairs butts, 3J 7sets locks at

3 J-inch, at

$ 30 each
.

2.10
7.00 5.25

$1 .OOeach

Labor

Carried forward $26 .42

$9 65
.

ETC

mj
3IX:TION THRO'-KITCHEN -PANTRYs OCALE-

SECTIOK- -THRO'- CHINA -CLOSET-

OF-

PANTRIES if

5CALJ,
3
I t I

- DETAIL
1?OT.
I

9
i

6
I

Fig. 14.

ESTIMATING
Brought forward $26 .42
.

87

$9 65

SIDE ENTRANCE
1J 1

DOOR

pairs butts, 4| set locks

X
:

4 J-inch, at
:

$ 38 each
.

57

2.25
1

Labor

.00

ONE PAIR SLIDING DOORS,

1 1

ft.

in.

sethangers, 5 ft. setS. D. locks

...

in,

Double

3.50 2.50
2.00

Labor

Six INSIDE BACK PORTIONS

6setslock sat
6 pairs butts, 3J

$.45 each

2.70
.

Si-inch, at

$ 15 each
.

90

Labor

4.00

BACK DOORS
1 set

li pairs butts, 4 locks

4j-mch, at

$ 20 each
.

30

2.25
1.00

Labor
ICE-CHEST DOOR
1

pair butts, 3

3-inch
. . . .

!........,
:

40
.60
1
.

1 1

IH lever,

galvanized brass hasp and padlock

50

Labor

50

CHINA CLOSET
2 pairs glass doors 2 pairs butts, 2 J X 2 J-inch, at 2 elbow catches, at 2 cupboard catches, at doors pair* cupboard

$ 26 each
.

52
12

$ 06 each
.

$ 15 each
.

30
20

1
,

2 pairs
1 1

butts, 2 J

2^-inch, at

$ 10 each
.

elbow catch

.06
.15

cupboard catch

20 drawer-pulls, at

$.06each
,..,..

1.20

Labor

2.50

PANTRY
4 cupboard doors 4 pairs butts, 2 J

2^-inch, at

$ 10
.

each_

.40

Carried forward $57 .84

$9 65
.

ESTIMATING
Brought forward $57.84 60 $ 15 each
.

$9.65

4 cupboard catches, at
1

bbl.

swing

.75

10 drawer-pulls, at

$.06each
...
t

.60

Labor

2.00

WINDOWS
15 sash
fasts, at
lifts,

$.30 each
'.$.06 each

4.50
1.80
7 .50

30 sash

at

Labor

CASEMENT WINDOWS,
4 pairs butts, 3

3-inch, at

$ 50 each
.

2 00
.

2 pairs flush bolts, at 2 casement fasts, at

$1.00 each
$.45 each

2.00
.90

Labor

1.00

$81.49

SECOND FLOOR
SIXTEEN DOORS
16 pairs butts, 3J 16sets locks, at

3Wnch,

at ..... .$.30

each $ 4.80

$.90each

14.40 10.40

Labor

WINDOWS
14 sash
1

fasts, at
,

$.30each $.06each
:

4.20
35 1.68
.20

sash fast
lifts,

28 sash

at

2sashlifts,at

$.10each

Labor
Six

7.00
IN

DRAWERS
Labor

LINEN CLOSET
$.06each
.72
.25

12 drawer-pulls, at

$44.00

BATHROOM
1

pair butts, 3J

3i-mch

(nickel-plate)
1

40
.25 .75

1 set locks*

(nickel-plate)

Labor

$ 2.40

ATTIC

Two DOORS
2 pairs butts, 3i 2 sets locks, at

3J-mch,at

.$.12 each.

.$.24

$.45 each

90
...1.00

Labor

Carried forward $2.14

$137.54

j/EOTIO/1

THRO'

WmPOW. OVER- FRONT- WOR

Fig. 15.

AND

POT

on

ESTIMATING
Brought forward $2 14
.

91

$137 54
.

Two Low DOORS

2 pairs butts, 2J X 2i-mch, at .... $.10 each 2 cupboard turns, at $.35 each

20 70
1

Labor

.00

WINDOWS
8 sash
fasts, at
lifts,
. .

$.30 each.
.
.
.

.2.40

16 sash

at

$.06 each
..

96
.4.00
.3.00
1

Labor
6doz. H.

& C. hooks, 639i, at

... .$.50 doz.

3doz. base knobs, at

.$.35 doz. ....

.05

Labor
Total cost of Hardware put on

.2.50

$ 17.95

$155 .49

HEATING
FURNACE
1

No. 28 Crawford furnace

ft.

(28-in. firepot)

$125 .00 4.95

22

8-in.

galv. iron smoke-pipe, 55 Ibs.,

at

$.091b.

REGISTERS
1

14

4 9
at

X X

18-in. register, stone,

box and

netting,

4.72
6.28

12-in. registers, stone,

.'....'

box and
box and
box and

netting,

$1.57 each
netting,

4 8
at

X X

10-in. registers, stone,

$1.19 each
10-in. registers, stone,

4.76 4.60
3 24
.

4 8
at
,

netting,

$1.15 each

PIPING, including dampers, collars, and elbows 12 ft. 14-in. tin pipe, at $ 27 per ft. " "
. .

64ft.9-in.

at

$.16" "..
"

10.24

278ft.7-in.

"

"

at

$.10

"..

27.80
.50

COVERING FOR RISERS

5
risers,

(6 Ibs. asbestos

paper per pipe)

1

30

Ibs., at

$.05 Ib

PLASTERING RINGS IN CELLAR For 13 pipes at $.20 each

and

2.60
$ 195.69

Office expense

profit

48.92
Carried forward

$244.61

$244 61
.

-AT-fclCGEDAlX-'/'VO

K7H- GEORGE.-

AjJOMEJ- -

JQj-

AKCMITICT-

Fig. 17.

ESTIMATING
Brought forward
.

93

$244 6 1
$4 80
.

LABOR
Measuring and laying out
risers,

man 1 day

Erecting risers, man 2 days, helper 1 day .... Laying out and erecting cellar pipes and fur-

12 00
.

man 3 days, helper 2 days Finishing, man 1 day

nace,

19 20
.

4.80
10.00

Cartingand expenses
Total cost of Heating Apparatus

50.80
$ 295 .41

PLUMBING
WASTE AND
SOIL PIPES
2 4-in. lead bends, at$1.10each 2 4-in. sleeves, at $.65 each " at $.28each 5 2-in. 2 3
1

$2.20 1 30
.

.40

2-in. sleeves, at

$.45 each

90

li-in.

Pemberton trap
wiping, at $.25 Ib

6.80
7 50
.

30

Ibs. solder,

2 trap plugs, at $.42 each 2 6-in. traps, at$2.35each

1

.84

4.70
3 .00
.

6-in. cesspool

4
1

J-inch solder nipples, at $ 15 each 4-in. roof flashing

1

.60
1
.

35

Soil pipe

47.87

15

ft. ft.

li-in. lead pipe,

2-in. iron

No. 55

3 .24

50

40ft. li-in.

"

pipe "
1

Soil fittings, J cost of pipe

5 96
.

Cast-iron fittings, 20 per cent

1.79
$ 2.70
1

$ 108 41
.

MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS
3 4-in. b -assC.
1 5-in.

brass C.

O O

.50
.

Refrigerator waste Local vents

1

12 50

12.00
1.25

ball-cock

2sillcocks

2.00 6.50
cocks

Tank overflow 4 J-inchS. & W.

3.24
Carried forward

$41.69

$108.41

94

ESTIMATING
Brought forward $ 41.69
1

$ 108.41

boiler valve

and chain

.70

Ibs. tinned copper, at $.32 Ib 6 3-part hangers, brass 2 J-in. hose bibs

25

8 00
.

6 30
.

50

3 |-inch plain bibs

Street connections

2. 10

55 .00
':...,....

lib. putty

05
.50

Ibs.

grafting wax

Calking lead, 380 Ibs

22.80
..
.
.

Oakum
FIXTURES
1

".'..

1.60

$ 140.24

36 x 24 x

8-in. sink, 12-in.

.
.

back

$11 .40

24 x

pantry sink pair pantry cocks

14-in.

..

14.00
3 .60
14. 10
-.

2 24 x 48-in. trays, 12-in. back

1 5-ft.

bathtub, complete

41.00 32.50
60 00
.

1
1

lavatory /complete
water-closet, complete 40-gallon boiler " " "

1 1

... ,

16.75
.85

stand

12

Ibs. fine

solder

3 12
.

Clamps and hooks Tinned tacks

Fuel

2 70
.

.15

1.95

$202.12

SUPPLIES AND LABOR

126
ft.

22ft.Hnch

f-inch galv. water pipe " " "

$4.41
.62
1
.

Fittings, J cost of pipe

67

74ft. J-in. brass

" 56ft.i-m. Fittings, 20 per cent

Painting of iron pipes

$23.49 16.24

39.73
7.95
9 75
.

Stop-cocks Sink and tray legs

3 .54

4 72
.

Lead,

oil,

etc

.65

Carried forward $ 73.04

$ 450.77

ESTIMATING
Brought forward $ 73.04

95

$ 450.77

Clamping brass and screws

Cartage and fares Labor, 40 days, at $6.00 per day
10 per cent
,
:

.25

5 00
.

240 00
.

318 29
.

$ 769.06
Profit,
'.

76 .90

Total cost of Plumbing

$ 845 .96

ELECTRIC WIRING
75
ft.

No. 4

S.

B. R.C. wire

$ 4.80

150

ft.

No.

S. B.

R. C. wire

4.26
2 00
.

40
30
1 1

Large porcelain tubes, 5 cents " " knobs, 5 cents

3-pole 50-amp. fused switch Main cabinet (meter)
8-circuit cut-out panel
ft. ft.

.50
.

50

3.50
16 00
.

2,500

No. 14S.B.R.C. wire..

1 4-in.

28.60 20.00 3.20 4.00

9 .00

500

circular

loom
tubes

800
1,600

5iknobs
5-in. porcelain

100 100
18

Fire stops
12-in. porcelain tubes

10.00
1

Ceiling boxes

.80

30
11
11

Bracket boxes
Switch boxes

3 .00

2.20
12.10

Labor on No. 14 wire " "mains

"finish

55 00
.

15.00

15.00
5 00
.

Teaming and
Sundries

freight

5 .00

Nails, leatherheads, etc

3.00

$ 225.46
Office expense, 10 per cent

22 55
.

$ 248.01
Profit,

20 per cent

49.60

Total cost of Electric Wiring

$297.61

ESTIMATING
NOTE.
This estimate
is

figured

on

outlet boxes at all outlets;

to connect with the

and includes a main cabinet and main switch

meter and to cover the meter, on an eight-circuit panel-board, which allows one spare circuit. The panel-board is to be made of slate, with
slate gutters

and

The labor is
small places, but

with good wood door and trim. estimated on wages being $3.60 per day for a journeylinings,

man, and $2.00 per day

is

for helper.
is

This price

is

above that paid in

below what

paid in

some

cities.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING FIXTURES

NOTE.
While the
electric lighting fixtures are not generally
it

made

a part of the building contract,

is

may

be worth while to consider them has been stated, there

in relation to the cost of the house; although, as

such a wide range in design and cost, as well as in personal preference, that any data given can be at best only approximate.

The

following estimate

is

based* upon simple designs of moderate

cost in "old brass" finish:

FIRST STORY
LIVING
1

ROOM
4-light electrolier

4 1-light wall brackets, at $3.25 each

$17.50 13 00
.

HALL
2 2-light ceiling pieces, at $2.50 each

5 00
.

VESTIBULE
1

3-light cluster

5.00
*

PORCH
1

1-light ceiling-piece

.75

PARLOR
1

4-light electrolier
1

17.50

"

wall brackets

6.50
10.00

DINING ROOM
1

4-light electrolier"
1

"

wall brackets

5.00
2.25

CHINA CLOSET, REAR HALL, KITCIIKN

3 1-light ceiling-pieces, at $.75 each " 2 1 wall brackets, at $1.35 each

2.70
Carried forward $86.20

ESTIMATING
Brought forward $ 86 20
.

PANTRY
1

1-light ceiling-piece

.75

ENTRY

11
PIAZZA

"

"

"

1.35

11
HALL

"

:"

"

1.75

SECOND STORY
2 1-light ceiling-pieces, at $1.50 each

$3 .00

ALCOVE
2 1-light ceiling pieces, at $2.50 each"

5.00

BEDROOMS
13 1-light brackets, at $2.50 each

32.50
.35

BATHROOM
1

1-light ceiling-piece

REAR HALL
1

1-light bracket

.35

THIRD STORY

HALL
1

1-light wall bracket

$1 .35

ATTIC
1

3-ft.

drop-cord

.85

BASEMENT
LAUNDRY
1

1-light wall bracket

$1 15
.

CELLAR
4
3-ft.

drop-cords, at $.85 each

3.40

$ 140.00

LABOR
Installing

above fixtures with all necessary trimmings ... $ 12 00 Total cost of Electric Lighting Fixtures in place $152.00
.

PAINTING
OUTSIDE PAINTING
17 pairs blinds, three coats painting, at $1.50 pair .... $ 25 50 1,068 yds. three coats painting, windows and wood.

work, at $.20 yd

213.60
Carried forward $239.10

98

ESTIMATING
Brought forward $239.10

54 yds.

two coats
$.15 yd

metallic

paint,

upper side

tin

roofs, at

8.10
floors,

62yds. two coats oilingon

$.10 yd INTERIOR PAINTING

porch, and piazza, at

6.20

166 yds. filling, staining, and shellacing, and two coats hard oil finish, at $.20 yd

$33.20
61 .25

245 yds. filling and two coats spar varnish, first coat rubbed, at $.25 yd 403 yds. one coat shellac, three of paint, two coats
zinc

and white varnish. Rubbed with pumice and

322.40

water, ivory white finish, at $.80 yd

294 yds. treat with potash, one oil filler, clean, four coats sheUac, last coat rubbed with pumice and oil, oak and birch, at $.35 yd. , 109 yds. filling, four coats shellac, last coat rubbed
. .

102.90
32 70
.

with pumice and

oil,

floors at

$ 30 yd
.

114 yds. size and three coats paint, varnish, walls, at $.20 yd

last

coat with

,....,...
gloss, bath-

22.80
1.25

5 yds. three coats paint and one enamel ;......... tub, at $.25 yd
100 yds. three coats paint,
last

with zinc,

flat,

white-

wood, at $.25 yd 10 yds. one coat shellac on pipes, at $ 10 yd 299 yds. size and tint in water-colors, ceilings,
.

25.00
1
.

00

at

$.15 yd Total cost of Painting

44.85
$ 900.75

GENERAL SUMMARY
Batter-Boards and Water Supply Excavation
$

25 00
.

262.50
754. 15

Stonework, Cesspools, and Drains

Chimneys and Brickwork

Concreting
Plastering

281 .50

88.20
544.40
4,928.34
Carried forward $6,884.09

Carpenter Work

-'

TTHtt-ON-FIRJT-

DODR-

-WINDOW-.

DGDR-

18.

100

ESTIMATING
Brought foncard $6,884.09 216.21
1

Stairs

Hardware
Heating

55 49
.

295.41

Plumbing Electric Wiring

Electric Fixtures

845.96
297. Gl

152.00

Painting
Total,

900.75
"$97747752

SCHEDULES
ANALYSIS OF CARPENTER
Following
is

WORK
These show how

a section devoted to the analysis of the different

portions of carpenter

work in the foregoing estimate.

the prices are obtained, and will be very useful for comparison, as the changes in cost of parts can be noted and kept up to date.
First Floor, price per square of 100 sq.
ft., including the floor beams, but no furring for plaster

bridging,
Joists,

and under
10-in.,

floors,

16 inches on centers

S3 .25

Labor
Nails

1.50
10

Bridging

50
hemlock, at $24.00
2 30
.

Under
Labor
Nails

floor,

Waste, one-third

80
75
1-")

$ 9.35

Hard Pine Upper

.

Floor, per square of 100 sq.

ft.

Stock

0.00
.
.

Waste, one-third

2.00
2.25
.25

Labor
Nails

$10.50

Quartered Stock

Oak

L'pper Floor, per square of 100 sq. ft

$10.00

Waste Labor
Nails
.

3.30 6.50
.25

$20.05

ESTIMATING
Porch or Veranda Floor, per square of 100 Joists, 2 X 8-in., 16 inches on centers
sq.
ft.

101

$2.60
1.00
:

Labor Hard pine flooring, Waste Labor

Nails

at

$55

5 .50

1.80
......
,

1.25
.20

...

$12.35

Second Floor, per square of 100 sq ft. Joists, 2 X 10-in., 16 inches on centers

$3 25

Labor
Bridging

1.50

50
1
.

Furring Under-floor stock

50 80
75
15

2.30

Waste, one-third

Labor
Nails

Upper-floor stock

4 00
.

Waste Labor
Nails
,

1.30
1
.

75

20

$18.00

Third Floor, per square of 100

Joists,

sq.

ft.

8-in.,

16 inches on centers
,,,

$ 2 .60

Labor Under

1.50

floor.

'.

4.00
1
'.

Furring
Bridging
Shingled Roof, per square of 100 sq. ft Rafters, 2 X 7-in, 20 inches on centers

.50

50

$10.10

$ 2.17

Labor Matched spruce boarding

Waste, one-third

2.25

2 50
.

80
1

Labor
Nails
Shingles

.25

...;.;..

20

4.00
3.25
25

Labor
Nails

$16.67

102

ESTIMATING
sq.
ft.
.

Tinned Roof, per square of 100

Rafters, 2

7-in.,

20 inches on centers

$ 2. 17
1
.

Labor Matched boarding, as above

Paper
Tinning Wall Frame and Boarding, per square of 100 Studding, 2 X 4-in., 16 inches on centers.
.

50
50

4 75
.

12.00
ft.

$20.92

sq.

$ 4 .00

Boarding

2.30
"...

Waste Labor
Nails

.80.
1

'........

.00

20
ft.

$ 8.30

Inside Studding, per square of 100 sq.

Stock, 2x4-in., 16 inches on centers

.30

Waste, one-half stock

.65

Labor
Nails

1.50
.15
'

Grounds and beads

Clapboarding, per square of 100 sq. Clapboards, 80, at $.05 each
ft.

40

$ 4 .00

$4.00
3.25

Labor
Paper
Nails

50
.20

$7.95

Main

Cornice, per linear foot

Gutter, perft

.12

Upper
Fillet

fascia

03
.01

Lower

fascia

04
08 02 06

Planceer

Bed-mould
Frieze

Architrave moulding Brackets

04
25 50
.10

Labor

Rough

furring

.25

Piazza Cornice, per linear foot

Upper fascia

$ .03
Carried forward $ .03

DETAIL OFGENERAL'WINECW' FRAMED

JECTION-THKQ -W1NDDW-HZAD

Fig. 19.

104

ESTIMATING
Brought forward $ .03
Gutter
10
fascia

Lower
Fillet

03
01
;
.*

Planceer

08 02
.25

Bed-mould
Brackets
Frieze

15

Architrave mould
Soffit

03 05
10

Inside frieze

Labor

1.00
.15

Rough furring Attic Windows, circular top,

Frame
Sash
Inside finish

$ 2.00

each$ 6.00

2.50
1
.

00
45
$11 .20

Weights and cord Labor

Second-Story Windows, 3
ft.

1.25
6
in.

ft.,

each$ 3.50
$ 3.50

Frame
Sashes, 17J sq.ft., at $.20 per sq.
ft

Blinds

1.00
;

Blind fasts
Inside finish

.15

1.19
10

Nails and screws

Weights and cord

Labor,
1

64 3.25 $13.33
as above

day

Inside Finish for

Window,
ft., ft.,
ft.,

Architrave,

21

at

Back-band, 21
Beads,
17

at at

$.03Jperft " " $.03

$.02
"

$ .73 63
.34

"

$1.70
.51

SOpercentoff
Weights and Cord for Window, as above ft.,21bs.per ft., 35 lbs.,at $.01J Weights,

.~

$ 1.19

per Ib

$
ft.,

.44

Cord, 20

at $.01 per ft.,

_^20

64

ESTIMATING
Cost of Window, 2
ft.

105

in.

x 4

ft.

in.,

each$ 3.50

Frame
Window,
Blinds
11 J sq.ft., at $.20 per sq.
ft

2.25
.75
.15

Blind fastenings

Screws and nails

Weight, 22 Jibs., at $. Olf per Ib

10
.28

Cord
Inside Casing, 18 ft., at $.03J per Back-band, 18 ft, at $.03 per ft.
ft.

.........
...
,

.15

.......

.63

54
28

Stop-beads, 14ft., at

$.02 per ft
:

Labor
French Windows, 4
ft.

3.25
6

$11.88

6 in

X
6

ft.

in.,
.,

each$ 5.00
at $
.

Frame
Sash, 4
ft.

in.

ft.

in.,

34

sq.

ft.,

20 per

sq. ft

6.80
50
10
,

Astragal Nails and screws

Inside finish

96

Labor

4.88
in.

$18.24

Window, 3 ft. 4 Frame

Blinds

ft.

in.

(oak

finish),

each.$3.50
3.60
1.00
15 10

Window, 18sq.
Blind
fasts

ft.,

at

$.20 per sq.

ft

Nails and screws

Weights...
Finish (oak)
.
.

70

2.64
4.88
$16.57

Labor, IJdays

Rear Door, 2

ft.

10

in.

X
.

ft.

in.

Frame
Door, 21
Finish
sq.
ft.,

$4.00
at $ 25 per sq.
ft
...

5 25
.

.....:.....
:

.91

Labor
Nails
.

3.25
.05

$13.46

106

ESTIMATING
ft.

Front Door, 3

in.

ft.

in.,

with top and side lights

Frame
Sill,

ft.,

at

$.25 per ft
at

$1.75
1.61
ft.,

Jambs, 23 ft, at $.07 per ft Mullions and transom bar, 20

perft

$.10i 2.10
.81
.

Outside casing, 23 ft, at $.03^ per ft

Mullioncasing,20ft,at$.021 Vperft
Labor, J price of stock
Door, 3
3
in.

42
.

3 32

$10.01
ft.,

ft.

in.

21 sq. ft.,at$.25persq. ft Side-light panels, 6 ft., at $ 25 per ft 3 sash rims, at $.50 each
.

$5.25
,
.

50

1.50
ft.
.

Leaded glass, 10| sq.

Inside Finish

ft.,

at

$2.50 per sq.

27.00
$35.25

Stop-beads
Architrave, 24 ft., at $ 04J per ft Labor, 3days
.
.

$ .28
1
.

08

9.75
$11.11

Total cost of front door and frame

$56 37
.

Door, 2

ft.

in.

ft.

in.

(N. C. pine)

Stockdoor

$3.00
1

Frame
Threshold
Nails

.25

15

05
1.78

Finish,39Jft,at$.04iperft

Labor
Pair of Sliding Doors, 6
ft.

3.25

$9.48

ft.

(whitewood and birch)

ft

Doors, 48 sq ft., at $ 50 per sq. Architrave, 24ft., birch

.

$24 00 2.34
.

24ft.,

whitewood
:

1
1

.05

Jambs, 22ft, birch " 22 ft, whitewood

Grounds, 22 ft., birch

.82
.85

.50

Carried forward $30 56

.

ESTIMATING
Brought forward $30.56

107

Grounds, 22 ft., whitewood Chafing strip, 22 ft., birch

22ft, whitewood
Astragal, birch and whitewood

.23
',.

.33
.15
1
.

50

Sheathing pockets, 96 Labor, 5days' work

ft.>

at $4.75 per square.

4 50
.

16.25

$53.52

Schedule of Rooms, and

Memoranda from which Heating mate is Made Up

Esti=

FIRST FLOOR

ROOMS

108

ESTIMATING
Location Sheet

INDEX
Page

Approximate estimates
Area, definition of

Areas of solids Backstairs

Bells

3 6 12

35 58
19 24 19

Bluestone

Board measure Brickwork

cost of

mortar for
Calculating the frame

Carpenter work Carpentry Catalogues Cellar columns

Cellar doors

19 19 27 24 24
2 23 32 32 22

Cellar

window

Chimneys
Composition roofs Concrete Conductors
Cost of excavating Cost of frame Cost of setting cut stone
,

45
21

45 15 28 18 49 49 48
6

Covering or spreading power of typical paints on metal on plaster on wood

,

Cubical contents, definition of Cut nails in fair assortment, national

list

of extras for

40
16 18 35 6 55

Cut stone
cost of setting Day's work for carpenter

Definitions

Drainage Duplicate parts Earthen drain pipe

Electric

work

23 57

Estimate

approximate

110

INDEX
Page

Estimate

making-up
Estimating

of actual

59

of residence at Ridgedale,

Mo.

62-100
5 4 15 14 37

by quantities by the square

Excavating, cost of Excavation Exterior finish
.

Face bricks
Finishing stock. Fixtures
Floors
,

Flue lining.

20 33 56 29 22
/.
. .

Frame
calculating the cost of.
'

27 28
31

Front door Front stairs Galvanized elbows. Galvanized smoke pipe

34

Gas fitting
Granite Gutters Hardware..

52 52 57
16

.'

Heating
first floor

45 39 50
51
.

quantities.. second floor

51 51

Hot water heating

Inside doors Inside finish
Inside studding Lathing Limestone Linear dimension, definition of Location sheet of electric outlets

53
31

33 30 46
17
7

Lumber, miscellaneous

prices of

Marble Masons' supplies Measure of lines and surfaces Metal roofs

'

Nails

Outside walls
Painting
cost of
inside

108 26 18 22 8 45 39 29

outside

work work

48 49 49 50

INDEX
Painting
cost of

111

Page

sanding Percentage Piazzas and porches Pile foundations

Piping for heating, cost of Plasterer's work, rules governing
Plastering
'.

50 2 37
15
'52

'.

Plumbing Plumbing labor

Preparation for estimating..
Prices
Profit

47 45 54 57
5
1

2
31

Quartered oak floor Radiation

Registers Rift hard pine upper floors

53 52
31
30,

Roofing Rules and tables Sandstone

Scale of wages

42
7

_.

18 13

Schedules

100-107
19 18
,

Seam-faced granite.
Setting cut stone, cost of

Shingles
cost of
,

..,.....*....;..

.*

measuring for
quantities Shingling outside walls.
Slating...

quantities Sliding doors

Soil pipes

42 43 43 43 30 43 44 32 55
13 12 34 23 53 15

Solid contents
Solids, areas of
,
.

Stairs

Standard vitrified pipe, net price of

Steam heating Stone work Switches Tables board measure

circles, areas of

58
25 12 56
7,
!

cisterns, capacity of

of multiples Tiles

10

Tin, per sheet, cost of

Transportation

45 52 3

112

INDEX
Page

Units
Vitrified pipe, net price of standard. Wages, scale of

7 23
13

Water Water supply..

55 55
17

Window sets Windows of average size

Wire
nails

30
41

OF THE

UNIVERSITY
OF

ANNOUNCEMENT OF COMING

BOOKLS
,

PRACTICAL A
CARPENTRY. By G. Townsend. 150 pp., 224 illus. A working manual for Carpenters and Woodworkers in general. Not a theoretical treatise, but a practical working guide. Price, $1.00 GAS ENGINES AND PRODUCERS. By Marks and Wver.
150 pp., 90 illus.

SCIENTIFIC
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS. By E. R. Maurer. 140 pp 58 illus. For Architects, Builders, Steel and Concrete Workers. Enables one to
avoid mistakes.
Price

$1.00
Thorn and Collins. easy steps

THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. By

Latest information in this

For Engineers, rapidly developing field. Machinists, Automobilists. Price $1.00 MASONRY CONSTRUCTION. By Phillips and Byrne. 140 pp., 44 illus. Latest and best American methods. Price $ 1 .00

150 pp., 81 illus. Carries along by to complete mastery Multiplex less telegraph explained. Price

and Wire-

$1.00

MECHANICAL DRAWING.

WATER SUPPLY.
illus.

An

tary and Waterworks Engineers and

By F. E. T ur neaure. 150 pp., 40 exhaustive compendium for Saniall inter-

160 pp., By 140 iilus. Complete course in projections, shade lines, intersections and developments, exercises and plates. lettering, with
E. Kenison.

Price

POWER

STATIONS

AND

ested in matters affecting public health. Price $1.00 HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION. By Phillips and Byrne. Modern methods for Road 140 pp. ,80 illus. Builders and all interested in better ways of communication. Price $ 1 .00 REINFORCED CONCRETE. By Webb and Gibson.
150 pp., 140 illus. A manual of practical methods for Architects, Builders, Contractors, Civil and Sanitary Engineers. Information for the Based first time made known to the world.
tests,

G. C. Shaad.

Workers.

160 pp., 43 illus. Up-to-date practice.

$ 1 .00 TRANSMISSION. By For Electrical

Price

$1.00

PATTERN MAKING. By James Ritchey. 150 pp., 250 illus. For Wood and Metal Workers and Molders. Methods of building up and finishing, fully described.

Price

$1.00
.

SURVEYING. By Alfred E. Phillips. 200 pp 133 illus. For Civil Engineers and Students. All
details of field

work explained.
By
E. A.

Price

$1.50

STEEL CONSTRUCTION.

on recent construction work, special

Price etc. $1.00 MANAGEMENT OF DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINERY. Crocker. 130 65 For illus. all who pp By F. B.
,

275 illus. Covers every steel in structural work.

perience, special tests, Bridge Builders, Contractors, Civil Engineers.

TUCKER. 300 pp., phase of the use of Based on actual exetc. For Architects,

Price

have to do with
Price

$1.50
E. Nichols
illus.

electric light or power plants.

:

$ 1.00

BUILDING SUPERINTENDENCE. By
200
pp., 250

STEAM ENGINES.

By Leland and Snow, tfo PP., 63 illus. practical guide. Field covered in can a way anyone grasp. Price $ 1 .00

Costly mistakes occur through lack of attention at proper time, hurtful to Owner and discreditable to Archi-

ELECTRIC RAILWAYS.
103
illus.

By

J. R.

Cravath.

150 pp.,

Trolley and third-rail systems,

tect and Builder. Gives thorough knowledge of methods and materials. Price $ 1.50 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING AND LETTERING. By

Electric Locomotive, etc. Price. $1.00 ESTIMATING. By Edward Nichols. 140 pp., 35 illus. For all workers in Building trades. Tells how to estimate intelligently. Price... $1 .00 CONTRACTS AND SPECIFICATIONS. By James C.
Plant.

Bourne, von Hoist and Brown. 200 Pp., 55 drawings. Complete course in making working drawings and artistic lettering for architectural purposes. Price

$1.50
F.

MACHINE SHOP WORK. By

130

PP

fully illustrated.

Forms

of

bonds,
Price

public and private contracts, specifications, etc.; duties and responsibilities of

W. Turner. 200 pp., 200 illus. Meets every requirement of the shopman, from the simplest tools to the most complex turning and milling machines.
Price

Architects, Contractors,

and Owners
$ 1.00 $ 1.00

$1.50
Price

work on these subjects. Price VALVE GEARS AND INDICATORS. By

date
Dow.

STAIR BUILDING AND STEEL SQUARE. By Hodgson and Williams. 130 pp.. 180 illus. Only up-toLeland and 150 pp. ,105 illus. Two books in one. of valves, gears, etc., fully explained.

TOOL MAKING. By E. R. Markham. 200 pp., 325 illus. How to make, how to use tools. Profusely
illustrated.

$1.50
Every
illustration

MACHINE DESIGN.
represents a
practice.

82 designs. authorities of the day.

200 pp., By C. L. Griffin. Written by one of the foremost

Types
Price

new

device in machine shop

$1.00

Price

$ 1 .50

These volumes are handsomely bound in red art Vellum de Luxe, size 6% x 9^ inches. Sent prepaid to any part of the world, on receipt of price. Remit by Draft, Postal Order, Express Order, or Registered Letter.

AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CORRESPONDENCE, CHICAGO

OVERDUE.

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