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Overview
Project Description Background Assumptions Solution Methodology Final Design Overall Comparison
Project Description
Reaction: Partial oxidation of benzene
Maleic Anhydride
Feed stocks1
Major Uses2
Benzene
N-Butene
Resins
Oil Additives
N-Butane
Copolymers
Financial Considerations
Market Price3,4
Maleic Anhydride: $1.54/kg - $ 1.70/kg Benzene: $929.99/m3 $940.55/m3
Financial Earnings
$20,922,183/yr neglecting all cost, except feed
Standard Assumptions
Open system + steady state
Turbulent flow
Uniform temperature, pressure, and concentration within the control volume
2 weeks downtime
Solution Methodology
Ideal Reactor -> Realistic Reactor
Considerations:
Pressure drop
Side reactions
Temperature rise/drop
Reaction Kinetics
Inlet Conditions
658 K 1.5 atm 1.1 mol% benzene
Feed Rates
Benzene: 0.02122 kmol/s Oxygen: 0.4177 kmol/s Nitrogen: 1.577 kmol/s
Conversion Profile
1 0.9 0.8 350 360 370 380 410 390 400 385 420 430 440 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 200000
Conversion XB
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Momentum Equations
Additional Property
Viscosity9 = 3.2197E-5 PaS
Conversion Profile
1 0.9 0.8 360 with Pressure Drop 370 with Pressure Drop 380 with Pressure Drop 390 with Pressure Drop 400 with Pressure Drop 410 with Pressure Drop 420 with Pressure Drop 430 with Pressure Drop 50000 80000 110000 140000 170000 200000 440 with Pressure Drop 385 with Pressure Drop 350 with Pressure Drop
Conversion XB
Particle Diameter
12 10
Pressure Drop %
Length (m)
0.04 0.035 0.03 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Benzene Maleic Anhydride Water Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide
Selectivity
1.0 0.9
Selectivity of MA
0.8
0.7
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670
Temperature (K)
Coolant Temperature
690
685
680
Temperature (K)
675 670 665 660 655 650 651 K 660 K 640 K 670 K
645
640 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Inlet Temperature
675 670
Temperature (K)
665 660 658 K 655 650 645 640 635 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 650 K 670 K 640 K
1.5 1.75
0.764 0.823
9.33 7.95
0.319 0.313
671.0 674.0
0.867
6.93
0.308
676.9
Temperature
Inlet Temperature (K) Conversion Selectivity Flow Maleic Anhydride (kmol/s)
Overall Comparison
Property Temperature (K) Inlet Benzene (kmol/s) Catalyst Weight (kg) Reactor Length (m) Diameter (m) Volume (m3) Potential Earnings ($/yr) Initial Design 658 0.02122 139,750 97.4 7.2 150 20,822,183 Final Design 653 0.02684 76,400 2.476 6.5 82.2 8,901,617
References
1) Barone et al., United States Patent 4018709. Patent Issued 1977. 2) Maleic anhydride - Chemical Profile. <http://www.the-innovation-group.com/ChemProfiles/Maleic%20Anhydride.htm>. (accessed 01/24/2008). 3) William Lemos. US Price Report Maleic Anhydride. <http://www.icis.com/v2/chemicals/9076024/maleic-anhydride/pricing>. (accessed 01/25/2008). 4) Americas Market Summary Benzene. http://www.icis.com/articles/2008/01/29/9096633/NOON-SNAPSHOT. (accessed 01/24/2008). 5) Sharma R.K. et al. (1984). Selective Oxidation of Benzene to maleic anhydride at Commercially Relevant Conditions. Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series, 353-360. 6) Americas Market Summary Benzene. http://www.icis.com/articles/2008/01/29/9096633/NOON-SNAPSHOT. (accessed 01/24/2008). 7) U.S. Patents. (1996). Oxide catalyst and process for producing maleic anhydride by oxide catalyst (No. 266510 filed on 1994-06-27). 8) U.S. Patents. (1978). Process for the Manufacture of Maleic Anhydride (No. 4070379 filed on 10/21/1976). http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4070379.html 9) Chemical Database Property Constants. DIPPR Database [Online]. Available from Rowan Hall 3rd Floor Computer Lab. (Accessed on 1/24/2008).