PROJECT ON MARKETING MANAGEMENT SHOPPING MALL 1

MARKETING PROJECT ON SHOPPING MALL NAME: MRINMOY CHAUDHURY ENROLMENT NO: 011102003 PROGRAM: PGDIB 02 Term : 6 2

Contents 1. Introduction Pg. no. 4 What is a shopping mall? ................................................. Advan tage and disadvantage Brief history Type of shopping malls Components 2. Objective.. 9 What are the key factors which is making shopping mall hugely successful? Effect of shopping malls on the small retailers.

3. Methodology... 13 4. Questionnaire .15 5. Finding 3

INTRODUCTION Shopping malls The latest trend in the corporate universe is of the emergence of the shopping m alls. Shopping malls are an emerging trend in the global arena. The first thing that c omes in our mind about the shopping malls is that it is a big enclosed building housing a variety of shops or products. According to historical evidences shoppi ng malls came into existence in the middle ages, though it was not called so. Th e concept of departmental stores came up in the 19th century with the Industrial Revolution. Consumers wanted a better shopping experience and this demand gave rise to the emergence of shopping malls in India. Originally the first of the shopping malls was opened in Paris. Then the trend f ollowed in the other metros over the world, and there was a spree of shopping ma lls coming up at various places. In this age of mass production and mass consump tion, the concepts of shopping malls is most modern method of attracting consume rs. The concept of shopping was altered completely with the emergence of these s hopping malls. Shopping was no longer limited to a mere buying activity - it has become synonymous with splurging time and money. People simply go about roaming through the shopping mall in order to peep through the window of the shop and o ften ending up buying something they like. The consumers desire a combination of comfort and suitability which the shopping malls cater to, and so this format o f shopping has become so popular all over the world, and especially so in India. The inclusion of amenities like restaurants, multiplexes, and car parks attract more and more crowds to shopping malls, that are considered family hangout zone s. 4

Advantages of shopping malls: Increase in the growth of the organized retail sector Monumental increment in ec onomic growth Employment generation by the organized retail sector Good competit ion means better products & services Disadvantages of shopping malls: The companies with superior resources would muscle out the ones inferior to them .

Monopolization of the organized retail sector In India, the emergence of shopping malls has mostly altered the lifestyle of th e consumers. With the growth in income, changing attitudes, and also the demogra phic patterns favor the emergence of shopping malls. The trends to follow in the future: The shopping malls favor a growth in the Indian organized retail sector by 10% w ithin 2010

There would be different formats of shopping malls depending on the region. 5

Brief history In the United States, people began moving to the suburbs during th e 20th century. Shopping malls were built to serve consumers living in areas out side of the cities. By 1916, a shopping mall called The Market Square opened for business in Chicago, IL. The facility was comprised of 28 stores, apartments, a nd offices. The Market Square was located in the expensive Lake Forest suburb an d is thought to be one of the first planned shopping centers in the U.S. In 1950 , the Northgate Shopping Center was built in Seattle, Washington. This shopping mall boasted two rows of stores on each side of an open-air section where shoppe rs could walk. Two department stores anchored each end of the shopping center. T he first enclosed shopping mall was Southdale Center in Edina, Minnesota which o pened its doors in 1956. Up until the mid 1990s, most modern-day developers buil t enclosed shopping malls in order to create a climate-controlled shopping envir onment. Today, developers are returning to the creation of open-air shopping mal ls. Outlet malls, shopping centers featuring name brand retailers selling their products at discounted prices, are often built in an open-air format. Types of Shopping Malls In general, you will find only regional centers, superregional centers, and fash ion/specialty centers on this Web site. Relatively few community centers were ch osen, but appear here because the center may have, at one time, been considered a regional center. Only a few theme/festival centers were listed in heavily urba nized areas, such as San Francisco, because of their particular attractiveness o r size. Finally, the new designation, lifestyle center, displays because of thei r classic-mall type appearance even though they are without a classic-mall ancho r store. 6

Fashion/Specialty Centers Characterized as higher end, fashion oriented centers between 80,000 and 250,000 sq. ft. Community Centers Characterized as having between 100,000 and 350,000 sq. ft. Us ually two types of anchors, such as a discount department store or large special ty/discount apparel store. Lifestyle Centers A new designation that has a loose definition. Generally, it's a center that does not have an anchor tenant in the classic sense (that is, a d epartment store). However, lifestyle centers increasingly have a cinema as a maj or tenant. Others have just a small collection of exclusive shops. Outlet Centers Characterized as manufacturers' outlet centers between 50,000 and 400,000 sq. ft. Regional Centers Characterized as having between 400,000 and 80 0,000 sq. ft. Usually two or more anchors, such as a conventional department sto re, junior department store, mass merchant, discount department store, or fashio n apparel store. Superregional Centers Characterized as having over 800,000 sq. ft. Usually three or more anchors, such as a conventional department store, junior department sto re, mass merchant, or fashion apparel store. Theme/Festival Centers Characterize d as tourist-oriented, retail and service centers between 80,000 and 250,000 sq. ft. 7

Components of shopping mall Food court A shopping mall food court consists of food vendors offering a selection of food . At a typical food court, food is ordered at one of the vendors and then consum ed at a seating area, which is normally a plaza surrounded by the counters of th e multiple food vendors. Department stores A department store is a retail establishment which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single predominant merchandise line. Department sto res usually sell products including apparel, furniture, appliances, electronics, and additionally select other lines of products such as paint, hardware, toilet ries, cosmetics, photographic equipment, jewelry, toys, and sporting goods. Cert ain department stores are further classified as discount department stores. Disc ount department stores commonly have central customer checkout areas, generally in the front area of the store. Department stores are usually part of a retail c hain of many stores situated around a country or several countries. 8

OBJECTIVE The purpose of doing the project is to find out: 1. What are the key factors which is making shopping mall hugely successful 2. Effect of these shopping malls on the small retailers 1. WHAT ARE THE FACTORS THAT IS MAKING SHOPPING MALL HUGELY SUCCESSFUL ? The success of modern shopping centers relies on a number of critical success fac tors. These factors include attainability, effortless business, service variety, ambience, price, active marketing and cleanliness, says Arto Lindblom, Professor of Retail and Channel Management at the Helsinki School of Economics. The atmosphere of shopping center created by sound registration, color scores an d illumination, alongside with the professional concept create additional comfor t for visitors which influences loyalty of buyers and their desire to pass more time in the shopping center. Honestly speaking, the competition is amplifying, a nd factors on which we did not reflect earlier (color, light, a sound and even s mells) now act as an advantage in fighting for the buyer. 9

2. FFECT OF SHOPPING MALLS ON THE SMALL RETAILERS ? Retail trade contributes around 10-11% of Indias GDP and currently employs over 4 crore people. Within this, unorganized retailing accounts for 97% of the total retail trade. Traditional forms of low-cost retail trade, from the owner operate d local shops and general stores to the handcart and pavement vendors together f orm the bulk of this sector. In the absence of any significant growth in organiz ed sector employment in India in the manufacturing or services sector, millions are forced to seek their livelihood in the informal sector. Retail trade, which has been a relatively easy business to enter with low capital and infrastructure needs, has acted as a refuge source of income for the unemployed. Organized retailing has witnessed considerable growth in India in the last few y ears and is currently growing at a very fast pace. A recent KPMG survey report p repared for the FICCI states that organized retail, estimated as a $ 6.4 billion industry in 2006, is projected to reach $ 23 billion by 2010. The share of orga nized retail in overall retail sales is projected to jump from around 3% current ly to around 9-10% in the next three years. A number of large domestic business groups have entered the retail trade sector and are expanding their operations a ggressively. Several formats of organized retailing 10

like hypermarkets, supermarkets and discount stores are being set up by big busi ness groups besides the ongoing proliferation of shopping malls in the metros an d other large cities. This has serious implications for the livelihood of millio ns of small and unorganized retailers across the country. Need to Regulate Organ ized Retail Large format retailing is controlled and regulated across the world. The experie nces of Western European as well as South East Asian countries are particularly relevant in this regard. However, an appropriate regulatory framework for the or ganized retail sector in India has to be framed keeping in mind the Indian speci ficities. India has the highest shop density in the world with 11 shops per 1000 persons, much higher than the European or Asian countries. The potential social costs of the growth and consolidation of organized retail, in terms of displace ment of unorganized retailers and loss of livelihoods is enormous. Regulation in India therefore needs to be more stringent and restrictive. There are broadly t hree ways in which the adverse impact of the rapid and unbridled expansion of or ganized retail can be felt: 1. Around 95% of the 12 million shops in India have a floor area of less than 50 0 square feet. The impact of the growing market share for organized retailers is being manifested in the falling sales for the unorganized retailers in several places. The NSSO surveys already indicate a significant decline of more than 12. 5 lakhs in the number of selfemployed retailers in urban India (by current weekl y status) between 1999-2000 and 2004-05. Further acceleration in the growth of o rganized retail would eventually result in making business unviable for a large number of unorganized retailers, particularly in the event of a slowdown in cons umption growth and retail sales. In the backdrop of huge unemployment and undere mployment persisting in India, small-scale retailing still provides livelihood s ecurity to around 20 million urban workers and 12 million rural workers. Their d isplacement would further worsen the unemployment scenario. 2. Giant organized retailers use their monopoly buying power to squeeze small pr oducers of agricultural as well as manufactured products. The experience of the farmers of 11

developing countries with the giant food retailers has been particularly bad. Th e farmers become dependent upon the inputs, credit and technology supplied by th e food retailers and end up being at their mercy in terms of prices for their pr oduce and quality standards. Contract farming, which is the preferred mode of op erations as far as the agribusiness corporations and food retailers are concerne d, has led to agrarian distress in many places. Moreover, uncontrolled diversifi cation in agriculture away from foodgrains can imperil food security. In the bac kdrop of the crisis being already faced in Indian agriculture, the entry of larg e retailers with monopsonistic control can aggravate the situation. 3. The proliferation of large format retail outlets reshapes the urban landscape in myriad ways. Land use patterns change drastically, often in violation of cit y plans. Given the unplanned and chaotic path of urban development witnessed in India over the past decade and a half, and the pathetic state of urban infrastru cture, the proliferation of large format retailers will only accelerate the unde sirable trends of predatory real estate development and unsustainable pressures on urban infrastructure and the environment. Rather than enhancing choices for t he consumers, especially the lower income groups, proliferation of large format retail stores would kill competition, lead to closure of neighbourhood markets a nd make consumers solely dependent upon the organized retailers. This would also increase the propensity to use private vehicles for shopping thus leading to mo re pollution. Regulation of the organized retail sector has to address all these areas of concern mentioned above. Organized retail cannot be allowed to grow in a way, which displaces existing unorganized retailers, jeopardizing livelihoods in the absence of other employment opportunities. The interests of the small pr oducers, especially farmers, also have to be protected by preventing the emergen ce of local monopolies/monopsonies. It has to be ensured that competition is not stifled and potentially monopolistic practices in credit, input and output mark ets are not encouraged by the entry of large corporate retailers. Moreover, undu e pressure on urban infrastructure and the environment arising out of the prolif eration of large format retailers has to be prevented. 12

METHODOLOGY For finding out various details of our project we have to find the various facto rs which is making the shopping malls so attractive to the customer. is it the h uge variety attainability, effortless business, service variety ambience, active marketing and cleanliness . we have to also find out the what is the impact of these malls on the small retail shops. We have to visit various shopping malls a nd by observation method we have to find out the various factors which is making these malls so attractive to the customer, we also need to interview the custom er and ask them about their choice and preferences like what are the thing they like about the shopping malls that includes (variety, price shopping environment , service, cleanliness, attainability) etc. And for finding out the impact of these malls on the small retailers we need to interview some small retailer and know their opinion and position. 13

In addition, on most customer satisfaction projects we look to:

Define customer service Measure customer expectations Measure customer perceptio ns Identify gaps between expectations and perceptions Identify priorities for im provement SWOT analysis of retail 14

Questionnaire For finding out the objective, a small survey has been done by me. 30 customers of different age, sex and economic class from 5 shopping malls (big bazaar, Spen cer, city center, south city mall and subiksha) that I have visited based on the ir response this is what I have found. 1. what according to them are the factors which influence their behavior ,while going for shopping? 2. When asked what are the things they liked about shopping malls? 3. When asked, Where do they do their regular monthly shopping? 4. When asked whether they are aware of the condition of the small retailer due to these shopping malls? 5. When people from the young age group were asked where they prefer shopping an d why, this is what we found? 15

After interviewing 10 small retail shop owner from various parts of the city thi s is what I found. 1. shop owners when asked about the effects on their business when ever there is a shopping mall around the area 2. When asked, who according to them are the customers who are still loyal to them 3. When asked about the strategies they are adopting to fight with the situation ? 4. When asked should the government interfere in between and give them protectio n? 16

FINDINGS 1. what according to them are the factors which influence their behavior ,while going for shopping? Following are the important factors according to them: 17

2. When asked what are the things they liked about shopping malls? Response in percentage price and service variety shopping environment & cleanliness 0% 20% 51% 29% 18

3. When asked, Where do they do their regular monthly shopping? Response in percentage come to the shopping malls go to the small retailer 0% 0% 45% 55% 19

4. When asked whether they are aware of the condition of the small retailer due to theses shopping mall Response in percentage people said yes people said no people said they dont know 10% 23% 67% 20

5. When people from the young age group were asked where they prefer shopping an d why, this is what we found? Response in percentage of them preferred shopping in malls: price, environment and variety where the ma in factors according to them. of them preferred shopping in small retail outlets : distance of the shop from their home, shopping habits were the main reason acc ording to them. 11% 89% 21

After interviewing 10 small retail shop owner from various parts of the city thi s is what I found 1. shop owners when asked about the effects on their business when ever there is a shopping mall around the area Response in percentage said it affects their business very badly said it doesnt affect their business 5% 95% 22

2. When asked, who according to them are the customers who are still loyal to th em Manily People of the older age group for whom distance from there home is a prim e factor and the customer with whom they had a very good and long relationship are the ones who are still loyal. 23

3. When asked about the strategies they are adopting to fight with the situation ? 24

4. When asked should the government interfere in between and give them protectio n? Response in percentage said yes, the government must act at once and give them some protection. said th ey dont know 3% 97% 25

SWOT Analysis of retail(shopping malls) A SWOT analysis of the Indian organized retail industry is presented below: Stre ngth: 1. Retailing is a " technology-intensive" industry. It is technology that will help the organized retailers to score over the unorganized retailers. Succe ssful organized retailers today work closely with their vendors to predict consu mer demand, shorten lead times, reduce inventory holding and ultimately save cos t. Example: Wal-Mart pioneered the concept of building competitive advantage thr ough distribution & information systems in the retailing industry. They introduc ed two innovative logistics techniques crossdocking and EDI (electronic data int erchange). 2. On an average a super market stocks up to 5000 SKU's against a few hundreds stocked with an average unorganized retailer. Weakness: 1. Less Conver sion level : Despite high footfalls, the conversion ratio has been very low in t he retail outlets in a mall as compared to the standalone counter parts. It is s een that actual conversions of footfall into sales for a mall outlet is approxim ately 20-25%. On the other hand, a high street store of retail chain has an aver age conversion of about 50-60%. As a result, a stand-alone store has a ROI (retu rn on investment) of 25-30%; in contrast the retail majors are experiencing a RO I of 8-10%. 2. Customer Loyalty: Retail chains are yet to settle down with the p roper merchandise mix for the mall outlets. Since the stand-alone outlets were e stablished long time back, so they have stabilized in terms of footfalls & merch andise mix and thus have a higher customer loyalty base. 26

Opportunity : 1. The Indian middle class is already 30 Crore & is projected to g row to over 60 Crore by 2010 making India one of the largest consumer markets of the world. The IMAGES-KSA projections indicate that by 2015, India will have ov er 55 Crore people under the age of 20 - reflecting the enormous opportunities p ossible in the kids and teens retailing segment. 2. Organized retail is only 3% of the total retailing market in India. It is estimated to grow at the rate of 2 5-30% p.a. and reach INR 1,00,000 Crore by 2010. 3. Percolating down : In India it has been found out that the top 6 cities contribute for 66% of total organize d retailing. While the metros have already been exploited, the focus has now bee n shifted towards the tier-II cities. The 'retail boom', 85% of which has so far been concentrated in the metros is beginning to percolate down to these smaller cities and towns. The contribution of these tier-II cities to total organized r etailing sales is expected to grow to 20-25%. 4. Rural Retailing: India's huge r ural population has caught the eye of the retailers looking for new areas of gro wth. ITC launched India's first rural mall "Chaupal Saga" offering a diverse ran ge of products from FMCG to electronic goods to automobiles, attempting to provi de farmers a one-stop destination for all their needs." Hariyali Bazar" is start ed by DCM Sriram group which provides farm related inputs & services. The Godrej group has launched the concept of 'agri-stores' named "Adhaar" which offers agr icultural products such as fertilizers & animal feed along with the required kno wledge for effective use of the same to the farmers. Pepsi on the other hand is experimenting with the farmers of Punjab for growing the right quality of tomato for its tomato purees & pastes. 27

Threats : 1. If the unorganized retailers are put together, they are parallel to a large supermarket with no or little overheads, high degree of flexibility in merchandise, display, prices and turnover. 2. Shopping Culture: Shopping culture has not developed in India as yet. Even now malls are just a place to hang arou nd with family and friends and largely confined to windowshopping. 28

Recommendations Framework for a National Policy on Regulating Organized Retail Small retailers need protection and policy support in order to compete with orga nized retail. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation has formulat ed a National Policy for Urban Street Vendors. The policy proposes several posit ive steps to provide security to street vendors considering it as an initiative towards urban poverty alleviation. However, what is required is a more comprehen sive policy, which addresses the needs of small retailers, especially in terms o f access to institutional credit and know how to upgrade their businesses. A regulatory framework for organized retail should also be framed. Since the ope rations of organized retailers impact upon various sectors of the economy, polic y guidelines should be framed involving all the relevant Departments, namely Com merce, Agriculture and Urban Development. Moreover, since regulation of the larg e format retailers would mainly be in the domain of the states and local bodies, State Governments have to be consulted and involved in the process of framing p olicy guidelines. A Central legislation or a Model legislation, which can be ena cted by the State Governments, may also be considered for this purpose. In addition, the UPA Government should also abandon the moves to permit FDI in r etail trade through the back door, as in the case of the joint venture between W al-Mart and Bharti whereby the former proposes to operate in the cash-and-carry segment while the latter in the front-end. It is more than obvious that this pro posed joint venture is nothing but a subterfuge, to circumvent the existing poli cy regime, which does not allow FDI in retail. The entry of giant MNCs like the Wal-Mart, TESCO, Carrefour etc, besides 29

accelerating manifolds the already rapid growth of organized retail, would also sabotage any attempt by the Government to regulate the sector in order to protec t the interests of the small retailers and farmers. The UPA Government should ta ke a categorical position on this issue. Not allowing MNCs to operate in the ret ail sector should be the starting point of the national policy on retail. The issues, which need to be addressed in the regulatory framework for organized retail, have already been discussed above. Some suggestions are made below whic h seek to address those issues: A Licensing System for Organized Retail 1. A sys tem of licensing should be introduced for organized retail. Any retail outlet wi th floor area over an appropriate minimum floor area should require prior licens e from local authorities (city corporations or municipalities). Corporate entiti es should not be allowed to operate retail outlets below the specified minimum f loor area 2. The authority to grant licenses should be the urban local bodies. A dedicated committee/board/department should be set up by the urban local bodies , with representation from street vendors and small retailer associations, which should be empowered to grant licenses to organized retailers. 3. The system sho uld be devised in a manner so that there is transparency in the process of grant ing licenses in order to prevent corrupt practices. A process of open bids for g ranting licenses may be considered. 4. Considering the multiplicity of formats o f organized retail, there should be separate sets of regulations for each format , based on floor area. Slabs should be set for the different retail formats, lik e discount stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets, shopping malls etc based on floor area. 5. Licenses for each format should be given on the basis of a population criterion, i.e. not more than X number of large format retail stores of Y format per Z population. The criteria may vary between states and cities depending upo n the nature of the retail sector and needs of consumers. However, a commonality should exist in terms of assessing the employment impact by the local authoriti es 30

in a scientific as well as democratic manner, before granting license for a larg e format retail outlet. 6. There should be appropriate caps both on the total nu mber of large format retail outlets that are being granted licenses in particula r areas as well as on the maximum floor area for a retail outlet. 7. Retail outl ets above a certain floor area should not be allowed to operate within existing commercial zones/areas. In case a license is granted for a large format retailer within an existing commercial area, it should only be on the basis of an agreem ent to share a substantial proportion of its floor area with small retailers at concessional rent. The allotment of space to small retailers in such cases shoul d be done by the license issuing authority. 8. Giant retail outlets like hyperma rkets, which attract large numbers of customers should have adequate parking spa ce and should ideally be located outside city limits. Environmental Impact asses sment should also be mandatory for giant retail outlets whose floor area exceeds a specified limit. 9. Penal provisions, including withdrawal of licenses, shoul d be laid down for violation of the terms and conditions of licenses by organize d retailers. Governments Role in Preventing Private Monopolies 1. A single large format retail er should not be allowed to capture a large market share. For this it is importa nt to restrict the number of retail outlets that a single private entity can ope n in a city, state as well as region. Under no circumstances should a national l evel monopoly be allowed to develop in the retail sector. 2. There should be gui delines to prevent predatory pricing and below-cost sales by organized retailers . A mechanism should be set up where complaints against predatory pricing can be registered by small retailers. The Competition Commission in India is not suita bly equipped to handle such issues. A dedicated mechanism is required for this p urpose. 3. In order to prevent the development of big private monopolies in reta il trade, it is also important for the Government to ensure its presence in the market. Several 31

Government marketing agencies exist, both at the Central as well as State levels . With a few exceptions, these agencies have been experiencing decay, owing to v arious factors. These marketing agencies should be revived and encouraged to gro w and compete with private large format retailers. 4. Consolidation of several G overnment marketing agencies in order to create a few big public sector retail c hains should be seriously considered, which can also invest in developing modern supply chain infrastructure. Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) should be invol ved in the administration of cold storages and procurement centres. 5. Encourage ment should be provided to the existing retail chains in the cooperative sector. New retail cooperatives should also be promoted. Partnerships between existing Government marketing agencies and cooperatives can also be considered, especiall y in food retail where synergies exist. 6. The State Governments or urban local bodies should levy a cess on the VAT on all goods sold by large format retail ou tlets (including those in the public sector) in order to create a level playing field between the organized and unorganized retailers. Revenues generated from t he cess can be used to create a dedicated fund to provide infrastructure support , financial assistance or cheap credit for unorganized retailers to improve and upgrade their operations. 7. Tax incentives should not be provided, either by th e Central or State Governments, for the setting up of procurement/distribution c entres or rural business hubs by private players. Neither should tax breaks be pro vided to private players for contract farming. Safeguarding Farmers Interests 1. Handing over farmland to food retailers for contract farming should not be permi tted. Rules for contract farming should ensure that there is no possibility of f armers being alienated from their land, even if there is a failure in meeting co ntract commitments. 2. Contract farming should be regulated and monitored by the Government to protect the interests of farmers. Farmers should be encouraged to form groups or 32

cooperatives in order to enter into contracts collectively with corporate rather than entering into individual contracts. 3. The processes of credit provision l inked to input supplies and subsequent purchase of the crop, all by one private player, need to be regulated carefully by State authorities and PRIs. Supply of inputs like seeds need to be monitored by the Government. It is also important t o ensure that monoculture is avoided. 4. It should be ensured that the farmers a re not denied the opportunity of selling their produce over and above the quanti ty specified in the contract to other agencies at a price higher than what is sp ecified in the contract. Farmers also need to be protected from arbitrary refusa l by the contracting parties to buy their produce on grounds of poor quality. The Government should reserve the right to intervene in such contracts in situations when they are found to be operating to the detriment of farmers interests. 5. La rge procurement centres created by corporate retailers should compulsorily have separate space for Government agencies. The scope of activities of the Governmen t agencies would depend on the scale of operations. They may range from a single information centre for Government services to various Government agencies suppl ying inputs, providing extension services, disbursing credit and undertaking pro curement. Several State Governments have amended their APMC Acts in accordance w ith the Model APMC Act framed by the Central Government. That model Act itself n eeds to be changed incorporating the suggestions made above. State Governments s hould also be persuaded to do the same. 6. It has to be ensured that a single co rporate retailer does not monopolize procurement operations in a district or are a. It is therefore absolutely critical that both public procurement agencies and cooperatives are given support, incentives and freedom to compete with the corp orate retailers. This would require special initiatives from the State Governmen ts to reinvigorate the Government agencies. The Central Government should also p rovide adequate funds required for the purpose. 33

7. Private procurement of food grains by large players who can manipulate the ma rket should be discouraged. The experience of the last two years shows how the f ree hand given to corporate players has led to shortfalls in public procurement necessitating wheat imports. There is an urgent need to strengthen and expand th e public procurement machinery into more areas and provide it with the required flexibility to ensure adequate procurement at remunerative prices. Private procu rement of food grains, wherever it takes place, should be closely monitored by t he PRIs and the Government. 8. Food retailers or other agribusiness companies sh ould not be allowed to corner and hoard food grains stocks under any circumstanc es. To prevent cornering of stocks by private players with the associated potent ial for speculation, there should be rules for public disclosure of stock holdin g levels. Public agencies should be empowered to purchase food grains from the p rivate holders at prespecified prices if their stocks exceed a specified level. 34

CONCLUSION After looking at the above data we have come to a conclusion that presently ther e is a tend of considerable increase of shopping malls in all the metro cities , small towns and a large section of middle class , upper middle class people are coming for shopping because of the following reasons: 1. Customers convenience for shopping. Items from food to clothing, grocery to e lectronics are available under one roof. 2. Better environment and improved customer service. 3. compitive price with seasonal discount various gift scheme. 4. Various options to the customer for choosing brand and variety. 5. Ample scope of promoting sales and enhance brand image. 6. Availability of parking space for their car 7. Scope of employment at local area for various segment. Considering mash rooming of shopping mall, small business man, shop owners and f armers are facing acute financial problem as their business transactions are red ucing sharply. Loosing employment by the employee of small shop owners, many of them who were dependent on the small shop for their living are facing the heat. 35

On one hand where the shopping malls are slowly capturing the market due their s uperior power and size for which they are able to attract more and more customer s towards them, on the other hand due to growing trend of shopping mall , especi ally the farmers and the small shop owners of groceries and other house hold goo ds are affected as considerable number of customers are shopping these items fro m shopping malls instead of normal market, and the profit margin is slopping tow ards the shopping mall To encounter the situation it is required to impose rule or preferably ban by th e concerned authority to restrain sales of some particular items (fruit, vegetab les and some other glossary product) from shopping mall. This will give the smal l shop owner and the farmers some protection against the giant shopping malls, s o that they can get back to their normal state. 36

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