Read without ads and support Scribd by becoming a Scribd Premium Reader.

×

Language:

Download

Go BackAdd Note

Link

Embed

Save for later

Pump

Technical report on pumps and application

By;Majid hamedina

Technical report on pumps and application

Introduction

Industrialization imposed an ever increasing demand for moving liquids from one location toanother far more practically than by gravity. In order to motivate the liquid to move through thepipes and channels, energy has to be imparted to the liquid.The energy, usually mechanical, provided by a prime mover is transferred to the liquid by a devicecalled a pump. It has also gained wide acceptance in the hydraulic machinery field both by themanufacturers and by their customers.Pump is a device used to move fluids, such asgases, liquidsorslurries. A pump displaces a volume by physical or mechanical action. One common misconception about pumps is the thought that theycreate pressure. Pumps alone do not create pressure; they only displace fluid,

causing a flow.Adding resistance to flow causes pressure

.

Classification of pump

One general source of pump terminology, definitions, rules, and standards is the Hydraulic Institute(HI) Standards, approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as nationalstandards. A classification of pumps by type, as defined by the HI, is shown in below diagram.Pumps are divided into two fundamental types based on the manner in which they transmit energyto the pumped media: kinetic or positive displacement. In kinetic displacement, a centrifugal forceof the rotating element, called an impeller, impels kinetic energy to the fluid, moving the fluid from

pump suction to the discharge. On the other hand, positive displacement uses the reciprocatingaction of one or several pistons, or a squeezing action of meshing gears, lobes, or other moving bodies, to displace the media from one area into another (i.e., moving the material from suction todischarge). Sometimes the terms ‘inlet’ (for suction) and ‘exit’ or ‘outlet’ (for discharge) are used.The pumped medium is usually liquid; however, many designs can handle solids in the forms of suspension, entrained or dissolved gas, paper pulp, mud, slurries, tars, and other exotic substances,that, at least by appearance, do not resemble liquids. Nevertheless, an overall liquid behavior must be exhibited by the medium in order to be pumped. In other words, the medium must havenegligible resistance to tensile stresses.The HI classifies pumps by type, not by application. The user, however, must ultimately deal withspecific applications. Often, based on personal experience, preference for a particular type of pumpdevelops, and this preference is passed on in the particular industry. For example, boiler feed pumpsare usually of a multistage diffuser barrel type, especially for the medium and high energy (over 1000 hp) applications, although volute pumps in single or multistage configurations, with radials or axially split casings, also have been applied successfully. Examples of pump types and applicationsand the reasons behind implicational preferences will follow.