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 Presentation Topic
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Reciprocating Pumps

Lecture 5 ; Surface Roughness 8/21/2019

3 Group No - 8

SL No. Name ID Program

01 Md. Ahasanul Hoque 15307054 BSME

02 Md. Mosaddak Hossain 15307055 BSME

03 Md. Amdadul Haq 15307057 BSME

04 Md. Mizanur Rahman 15307059 BSME

05 Khurshed Alam 15307064 BSME

06 Md. Zakaria Al Noman 15307067 BSME

Lecture 5 ; Surface Roughness 8/21/2019

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Md . Mizanur Rahman
ID# 15307059

Lecture 5 ; Surface Roughness 8/21/2019

5 Content
 Introduction
 Main Parts of Reciprocating Pump
 Working Principle of Reciprocating Pump
 Types of Reciprocating pump
 Slip of the reciprocating pump
 Negative slip of the pump
 comparison of centrifugal and reciprocating pump
 Power Required to Drive a reciprocating Pump
 Indicator Diagram of a Reciprocating Pump
 Effect of friction in the suction and delivery pipes, on the indicator diagram
 Maximum speed of Reciprocating Pump
 Advantages and disadvantages of Reciprocating Pump
 Uses of Reciprocating Pump
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 Air vessels
6 Introduction

 Pumps are used to increase the energy level of water by virtue of

which it can be raised to a higher level.
 Reciprocating pumps are positive displacement pump, i.e. initially, a
small quantity of liquid is taken into a chamber and is physically
displaced and forced out with pressure by a moving mechanical
elements.
 The use of reciprocating pumps is being limited these days and
being replaced by centrifugal pumps.

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7 Main Parts of Reciprocating Pump
The main components of reciprocating pump are as follows:
 Suction Pipe
 Suction Valve
 Delivery Pipe
 Delivery Valve
 Cylinder
 Piston and Piston Rod
 Crank and Connecting Rod

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8 Working Principle of Reciprocating Pump

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9

Md. Ahasanul Hoque

ID# 15307054

Lecture 5 ; Surface Roughness 8/21/2019

10 TYPES OF RECIPROCATING PUMP
According to action of water
1) Single acting reciprocating pump 2) Double acting reciprocating pump

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11 TYPES OF RECIPROCATING PUMP (Cont,d)
According to number of cylinders
1) Single cylinder pump 2) Double cylinder pump 3) Triple cylinder pump

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12 TYPES OF RECIPROCATING PUMP (Cont,d)
According to the existence of air vessel
1. With air vessel 2. Without air vessel

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13 Slip of the reciprocating pump
The difference between theoretical discharge and actual discharge
Is known as slip of the pump.

Slip = Qtheoretical – Qactual

Slip can also be expressed in terms of % and given by

Qtheoretical – Qactual
% of Slip =
Qtheoretical
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Md. Amdadul Haq

ID# 15307057

Lecture 5 ; Surface Roughness 8/21/2019

15 Negative slip of the pump

Sometimes ,the actual discharge of reciprocating pump , is more than the theoretical
discharge . In this case the co efficient discharge will be more than unity ,and
corresponding slip is known as negative slip of the pump.

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 comparison of centrifugal and reciprocating pump
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17 Power Required to Drive a reciprocating Pump

Let, 𝐻𝑑 = Delivery head

𝐻𝑠 = Suction head
A = Cross section area of piston
W = Specific weight of water
Q = Discharge
Force acting on piston in the forward stroke, = W𝐻𝑠 A KN
Force acting on piston in the backward stroke = W𝐻𝑑 A KN

Total force = WA ( 𝐻𝑠 + 𝐻𝑑 )
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18 Power Required to Drive a reciprocating
Pump(cont.)
Work done = Force * L
= WA(𝐻𝑠 +𝐻𝑑 ) L
= WAL (𝐻𝑠 +𝐻𝑑 )
= WQ (𝐻𝑠 +𝐻𝑑 )

Power required = WQ (𝐻𝑠 +𝐻𝑑 ) KW

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19

Md. Mosaddak Hossain

ID# 15307055

Lecture 5 ; Surface Roughness 8/21/2019

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21 Indicator Diagram of a Reciprocating Pump(cont.)

Let,
𝐻𝑠 = Suction head of the pump
𝐻𝑑 = Delivery head of the pump
L = Length of the stroke

We know,
work done by the pump per revolution,
𝑤𝐿𝐴𝑁
= (𝐻𝑠 + 𝐻𝑑 )
60

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22 Effect of Acceleration in suction pipe and delivery
pipe on the indicator diagram
 hatm=atmospheric pressure head
 ℎ𝑑 =delivery head
 ℎ𝑠 =suction head
 ℎ𝑎𝑑 =acceleration head in delivery pipe
 ℎ𝑎𝑠 =acceleration head in suction pipe
 ℎ𝑓𝑑 =friction head in delivery pipe
 ℎ𝑓𝑠 =friction head in suction pipe
 ℎfdmax =maximum frictional head on delivery pipe
 ℎfsmax =maximum frictional head on suction pipe
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23 Effect of Acceleration in suction pipe and delivery
pipe on the indicator diagram(cont.)

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24

Khurshed Alam
ID# 15307064

Lecture 5 ; Surface Roughness 8/21/2019

25 Effect of friction in the suction and delivery
pipes, on the indicator diagram
Whenever the water is flowing through the a pipe , there is
always some loss of head due to friction of the pipe ,which
offers resistance to the flow of water .similarly as the water
is flowing through the suction and delivery pipes, of a
reciprocating pump ,there will be some loss of head due to
friction in both pipes.

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26 Effect of friction in the suction and delivery
pipes, on the indicator diagram(cont.)
In Suction stroke:
At the beginning of the suction stroke, 𝐻𝑓 is zero.
Therefore Pressure head ( 𝐻𝑠 + 𝐻𝑎 )
In the middle of the suction stroke, 𝐻𝑎 is zero.
Therefore Pressure head ( 𝐻𝑎 + 𝐻𝑓 )
At the end of the suction stroke, 𝐻𝑓 is zero.
Therefore Pressure head ( 𝐻𝑠 - 𝐻𝑎 )

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27 Effect of friction in the suction and delivery
pipes, on the indicator diagram (cont.)
In delivery stroke:
At the beginning of the delivery stroke, 𝐻𝑓 is zero.
Therefore Pressure head ( 𝐻𝑑 + 𝐻𝑎 )
In the middle of the delivery stroke, 𝐻𝑎 is zero.
Therefore Pressure head ( 𝐻𝑑 + 𝐻𝑓 )
At the end of the delivery stroke, 𝐻𝑓 is zero.
Therefore Pressure head ( 𝐻𝑑 - 𝐻𝑎 )

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28 Effect of variation of velocity on friction in the
suction and delivery pipes

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29 Maximum speed of Reciprocating Pump

 Maximum speed of a reciprocating pump is determined from fact that the

pressure in the cylinder during suction and delivery stroke, should not fall below
the vapor pressure of the liquid, flowing through suction and delivery pipe .
 The pressure at which separation will take place know as separation head and
it is denoted by 𝐻𝑠𝑒𝑝 .
Separation head,
𝐻𝑠𝑒𝑝 = 𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 - ( 𝐻𝑠 + 𝐻𝑎 )
Acceleration pressure head,
𝑙 𝐴
𝐻𝑎 = * * ( 𝑤 2 r)
𝑔 𝑎

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Md. Zakaria Al Noman

ID# 15307067

Lecture 5 ; Surface Roughness 8/21/2019

31 Advantages of Reciprocating Pump

 It creates high pressures from low-flow situations.

 It is a proven technology.
 It is a durable technology.
 It is an efficient technology.
 Continuous rate of discharge

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32 Disadvantages of Reciprocating Pump

 It has a short half-life.

 It creates pulsations.
 It may damage itself.

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33 Uses of Reciprocating Pump

Reciprocating pump is mainly used for :

 Oil Drilling operations

 Pneumatic pressure systems
 Light oil pumping
 Feeding small boilers condensate return

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34 Air vessels

Air vessels are a closed container,

in which the half part is filled with
water & upper half part is filled
with compressed air. These air
vessels installed very near to the
suction valve & delivery valve.

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35 Purpose of Air vessels

 To obtain liquid at uniform

discharge.
 Due to air vessel frictional head
and acceleration head decreases
and the work overcoming
friction resistance in suction
and delivery pipe considerably
decreases which results in good
amount of work.
 Reciprocating pump can run at
high speed without flow
separation.
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Lecture 5 ; Surface Roughness 8/21/2019

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Lecture 5 ; Surface Roughness 8/21/2019