Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Abdomen:
◦ Distended or “full” in the RIF
◦ Palpable mass RIF; fixed or mobile
◦ Palpable liver-MTS
◦ Dullness over the mass
◦ NBS or hyperactive in bowel obstruction
◦ DRE-normal
Frequent location: sigmoid colon, recto-
sigmoid junction
polyposis coli
Symptoms: pain LIF, change in bowel habit
GA- pale patient due to chronic blood loss
Abdomen:
◦ Swelling LIF, ceacal distension if left colon
obstruction
◦ LIF palpable mass, mobile on sigmoid location
◦ Tender mass if pericolic inflamation - pericolic
abscess
◦ Hepatomegaly- liver MTS
◦ BS hyperactive- bowel obstruction
◦ DRE- color of feces, pelvic palpable mass.
Sudden inability to micturate in the
presence of a painful bladder
Hypogastric region severe pain
The patient cannot pass urine inspite of a
desperate desire to do so
Causes:
Mechanichal: urethral stones, rupture of the
overdistended
Physical examination:
Reflux esophagitis
Pyloric stenosis
Rarely produces any physical
signs apart from:
◦ - wasting and
◦ - perhaps a palpable
supraclavicular lymph node
The main symptom is DYSPHAGIA
Examination of geographic areas of high incidence
have
identified a number of environmental factors
strongly
linked to the development of esophageal dysplasia
and
squamous carcinoma
In the United States and Europe alcohol and smoking
Endoscopy revealed
a large tumor.
Esophageal cancer is a
treatable disease, but it is
rarely curable.
Following resection, these
This 72 year-old man
with progressive
dysphagia
(difficulty swallowing)
to solids, who was
found to have this
malign neoplasia.
Cancer of the
esophagus remains a
devastating
disease because it is
usually not detected
until it has progressed
to an advanced
incurable stage.
Patients are able to locate the level of
obstruction
Extension of the tumor into the tracheo-
patient:
Bending
Stooping
Heavy lifting
Tight clothes
All forces acid up into the esophagus
Gastric outlet obstruction:
◦ epigastric distension,
◦ visible peristalsis,
◦ succusion splash
Infections in food
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s disease
Cholera
Diarrhea
- dehydration
- electrolyte disturbance
- anemia due to bloody diarhhea
Toxic megacolon- colonic perforation- fatal
peritonitis
is a disorder characterized by diffuse mucosal
inflammation limited to the colon.
UC is usually a chronic disease which involves
the rectum and may extend proximally in a
symmetrical, circumferential, and uninterrupted
pattern to involve parts or all of the large
intestine.
The hallmark clinical symptom is bloody
diarrhea often with prominent symptoms of
rectal urgency and tenesmus (painful straining
at stool).
Complications:
◦ Stenosis
◦ Fistula formation
◦ Abscess formation
Crohn’s disease is a chronic
inflammatory disease of the
intestines that can affect the
digestive system from the
mouth to the anus. The most
commonly affected areas
tend to be in the small and
the large intestines.
Terminal ileitis (inflammation
that affects the end of the
small intestine (terminal
ileum), the part of the small
intestine closest to the colon
Acute inflammation of the peritoneal serosa
Acute peritonitis
- localized
- generalized
If you can not determine the cause of
peritonitis you must decide whether the
patient needs a laparotomy
Two circumstances in which a
laparotomy is essential
1. If there is evidence of ischemic bowel caused by strangulation or
vascular occlusion
diverticulum
Young adult: hernia, adhesions, Crohn’s
volvulus
A segment of bowel which becomes
invaginated into the bowel immediately
distal to it