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Hindu reformers and

Indian nationalism
Swami Vivekananda and
History
the Ramakrishna
Movement
Since independence
The Ramakrishna movement was
Religions established by Swami Vivekananda,
who was a disciple of a Hindu saint
Caste System Ramakrishna. The success of Swami
Vivekananda began when he
Languages represented Hinduism at an
international religion congress, which
Politics was held in 1893 in Chicago, USA.
Vivekananda demonstrated India as a
tolerant society, which allows
different sects to live together under
one roof of Hinduism and as a society,
which also accepted in it people of
other religions. He claimed that all
religions eventually prayed to the
same one God and the goal of all
religions is the same, to reach God.
He began his speech by referring to
other delegates as ‘brothers and
sisters’ and so proving his point that
all the human race was one big
family. His messages about humanity
attracted many people of European
culture and many claim that he
started the European phenomenon of
cults with Indian gurus.

After his success in America he

returned to India and established the
 Ramakrishna movement with an aim
to preserve the Indian culture. This
movement considered the Indian
culture as the most humanistic and
spiritual culture in the world. This
movement succeeded in establishing
pride in Indian people about their
culture which, they didn’t had before.
His philosophy affected many
nationalist leaders and they
interpreted his philosophy so that it
could be adjusted to Indian
nationalism. For example the
Ramakrishna movement believed in
the existence of Supreme Being but
Swami Vivekananda did not reject
idolatry and claimed that the
different idols were different ways to
reach the same Supreme Being. This
was interpreted to connect Goddess
Earth (Mother India) and Goddess
Kali whom many worshipped in
Bengal. The message was sacrificing
oneself for Mother India was like
sacrificing for Kali. Some of Swami
Vivekananda’s preachings were
interpreted also by the British as
hints to act against the British. For
example Vivekananda preached that
the path to realize God was not only
worshipping idols in spiritual way but
also through intellectual and physical
action. The British thought that by
saying physical action, Vivekananda
meant terrorist actions against them.

©Aharon Daniel

1999-2000

allowed to use

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Portal:Indian independence movement

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Indian Independence Movement Portal
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The Indian independence struggle incorporated the efforts by

Indians to liberate the region from British rule and form the
nation-state of India. It involved a wide spectrum of Indian
political organizations, philosophies, and rebellions between
1857 and India's emergence as a unified nation-state on August
15,1947.

The initial Indian Rebellion of 1857 was sparked when

soldiers serving in the British East India Company's British
Army mutinied and Indian kingdoms rebelled against the
British.

After the revolt was crushed, the British partitioned the region into British India and the
Princely States. They tried to develop a class of educated elites, whose political
organizing sought Indian political rights and representation. However, increasing public
disenchantment with the British authority — their curtailing of Indian civil liberties (such
as the Rowlatt Act), political rights, and culture as well as their avoidance of basic issues
facing common Indians and an essential nonacceptance of foreign occupation — led to an
upsurge in Revolutionary movement for Indian independence aimed at overthrowing the
European colonial powers, particularly the British.
 edit
Selected article

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચદ ં ી, Hindi: मोहनदास

ં ગાધ
करमचंद गांधी, IAST: mohandās karamcand gāndhī, IPA: [moːhənd̪aːs kərəmtʃənd̪
gaːnd̪ʱiː]) (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) was a major political and spiritual
leader of the Indian Independence Movement. He was the pioneer of satyagraha —
resistance through mass civil disobedience strongly founded upon ahimsa (non-violence)
becoming one of the strongest philosophies of freedom struggles worldwide. Gandhi is
commonly known and spoken of worldwide as Mahatma Gandhi (Hindi: महातमा,
məhatma ; from Sanskrit, mahātmā: Great Soul) and is fondly called Bapu (in Gujarati,
Father). Leading the Indian National Congress, Gandhi worked for the alleviation of
poverty, the liberation of women, brotherhood, an end to untouchability and caste
discrimination and for the economic self-sufficiency of the nation. However, Gandhi's
work focused upon the goal of Swaraj — self-rule for India. Gandhi famously led Indians
in the disobedience to the salt tax through the 400 kilometer (248 miles) Dandi March,
and in an open call for the British to Quit India in 1942. (more...)

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Selected picture
Indian freedom fighter Bhagat Singh, at the age of 21 in jail

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Categories
[−] Indian independence movement
[+] Indian independence activists
[+] Ghadar Party
[+] Hindu-German Conspiracy
[+] Literature of Indian independence movement
[+] Indian Independence League
[+] Indian National Army
[+] Indian National Congress
[+] Indian Rebellion of 1857
[+] Indian revolutionaries
[+] Partition of India
[+] Presidents of the Indian National Congress
[+] Quit India Movement
[+] Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
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Did you know...

• ...that the Indian National Congress, led by Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, issued
the Declaration of Independence on January 26, 1930?
• ...that Ceylon was part of the Madras Presidency from 1795 until it was made a
separate Crown Colony in 1798?
• ...that Subhash Chandra Bose was elected president of the Indian National
Congress for two consecutive terms?
• ...that Sir Narayan Ganesh Chandavarkar was regarded as the "leading Hindu
reformer of western India"?

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Special Events...

• The Indian Rebellion of 1857, (Hindi: १८५७ का पथम भारतीय सवतनतता सनगाम)
also known as the First War of Indian Independence, the Sepoy Rebellion and
 the Indian Mutiny was a prolonged period of armed uprisings in different parts
of India against British occupation of that part of the subcontinent.
• Hindu-German Conspiracy- the name given to the plans made by Indian
revolutionaries to start a nationalist mutiny in India with the assistance of the
Central powers. The term covers the Annie Larsen plot in the United States, 1915
Ghadar Conspiracy in India and the mutiny at Singapore, the 1915 Christmas Day
plot under Bagha Jatin, the Indo-German efforts in Afghanistan, as well as lesser
known efforts by Indian revolutionary network in Europe and Mesopotamia.
• Non-Cooperation Movement:- the first-ever series of nationwide people's
movements of nonviolent resistance, led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian
National Congress.
• The Quit India Movement (Bharat Chhodo Andolan or the August Movement):-
a civil disobedience movement in India launched in August 1942 in response to
Mahatma Gandhi's call for immediate independence of India.

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Topics related to Indian independence movement
Colonisation - British East India Company - Plassey - Buxar - British India -
History:
French India - Portuguese India - More...
Indian nationalism - Swaraj - Gandhism - Satyagraha - Hindu nationalism -
Philosophies:
Indian Muslim nationalism - Swadeshi - Socialism
Rebellion of 1857 - Partition of Bengal - Revolutionaries - Champaran and
Kheda - Jallianwala Bagh Massacre - Non-Cooperation - Flag Satyagraha -
Events and
Bardoli - 1928 Protests - Nehru Report - Purna Swaraj - Salt Satyagraha - Act
movements:
of 1935 - Legion Freies Indien - Cripps' mission - Quit India - Indian National
Army - Bombay Mutiny
Indian National Congress - Ghadar - Home Rule - Khudai Khidmatgar - Swaraj
Organisations:
Party - Anushilan Samiti - Azad Hind - More...
Mangal Pandey - Rani of Jhansi - Bal Gangadhar Tilak - Gopal Krishna
Gokhale - Lala Lajpat Rai - Bipin Chandra Pal - Mahatma Gandhi - Sardar
Indian leaders: Patel - Subhash Chandra Bose - Badshah Khan - Jawaharlal Nehru - Maulana
Azad - Chandrasekhar Azad - Rajaji - Bhagat Singh - Sarojini Naidu -
Purushottam Das Tandon - Tanguturi Prakasam - Alluri Sitaramaraju - More...
Robert Clive - James Outram - Dalhousie - Irwin - Linlithgow - Wavell -
British Raj:
Stafford Cripps - Mountbatten - More...
Cabinet Mission - Indian Independence Act - Partition of India - Political
Independence:
integration - Constitution - Republic of India
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