09-Mar-10

Block Diagram Representation

2010

Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University (Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering) Jl. Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281, (+62 274) 580882, http://www.tf.ugm.ac.id/

Block Diagram
UGM

Representation of a system in terms of discrete blocks that represent part of a system

x (t) Input
Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

X (s)

Equation relating input and output G (s ) = Y (s ) X (s )

y (t) Output Y (s)

Blocks are unidirectional G(s) is transfer function of the block. Initial conditions assumed to be zero
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Utility of Block Diagrams

UGM

Visualization of control systems

reflects physical structure of system variables and parameters clearly shown suitable for multiple inputs and outputs
Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Aids in analysis of control systems

showing component transfer functions manipulating blocks to simplify diagrams obtaining system transfer functions

Elements
UGM

Summing Junction: used to sum signals together

x2 x1 x3
+

x1-x2-x3

Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Constant Gain: scalar multiplier

x1

k x1

Transfer Function: given a system with zero initial conditions, the transfer function is the ratio of output due to input

x1

1 ms + cs + k
2

k x1

Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

UGM

UGM

Elements of block diagrams

Block Diagram

09-Mar-10

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Transfer Function
UGM

Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Example
UGM

Represent the block diagram as a single block relating X(s) and Y(s) and then obtain the overall transfer function

Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Solution

X(s) X(s)

1 s+2 + s+3 s+5

U(s)

3 s +1

Y(s)

Y(s) 3 s 2 + 6s + 11 (s + 1)(s + 3)(s + 5) Transfer Fucntion Y (s ) 1 s + 2 3 3 s 2 + 6s + 11 = + = X (s ) s + 3 s + 5 s + 1 (s + 1)(s + 3)(s + 5 8)

Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

UGM

UGM

Open Loop: Transfer Function

Closed Loop Transfer Function

An analog block diagram for a single DOF system

& = m& & F kx cx x

Transfer Function

Example

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09-Mar-10