Professional Documents
Culture Documents
New Trends in Processing and Application of Tool Steels for Cold Forming
- Tool Steels, Heat Treatment, Application Examples Peru Nov. 2007
Qualittszentrale
Content
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Introduction Requirements on tool steels Tool steels and factors of influece on micostructure Effect of heat treatment on properties of cold work steels Application examples Conclusion
Qualittszentrale
2476-9
Example of use high strength materials shown at the BMW 5th series
Percentage of high strengths materials [%] E60 60 E39
5th series BMW (E60) Aluminium Standard sheets High strengths sheets (Rm > 320MPa) 15% 62% 23%
40
E34
1990
1995
2000
2005
Quelle: BMW AG
Qualittszentrale
2477-9
ZStE180 TRIP700
10
Qualittszentrale
ploughing
cutting
cracking
Qualittszentrale
1802-7
Qualittszentrale
2489-9
Qualittszentrale
2351-9
Ti MC
V MC
Nb MC
W MC
Mo M6C
Cr M7C3
Fe M3C
Qualittszentrale
2009-8
wear resistance
toughness
wear resistance
42
46
50 54 58 hardness in HRc
62
66
toughness
Qualittszentrale
2010-8
0,20 2,00 -
0,50 0,30 0,30 7,80 1,50 1,50 0,90 0,30 2,00 0,40 0,15
1,00 0,30 0,60 5,00 1,00 0,30 1,00 1,10 0,30 8,00 2,50 0,30
+ add.
1,20 0,30 0,30 12,0 1,40 1,70 2,50 1,55 0,25 0,30 12,0 0,80 1,00 2,10 0,25 0,30 12,0 0,80
Qualittszentrale
2193-8
Micro structure of cold work tool steels from different production methods
Cast D2 / 1.2382
Forged D2 / 1.2379
Qualittszentrale
2059-9
Ingot
Qualittszentrale
distributed carbides
carbide network
Berns et al.
Qualittszentrale
2166-8
Toughness
Carbide amount
Toughness
Carbide size
Qualittszentrale
892-4
Atomising plant
Qualittszentrale
vacuum pump
filling capsules
HIP-cycle
Qualittszentrale
2091-8.0
64 HRc hardness 64 HRc charpy notch (ISO-U) impact value 14 J 43 J 3585 MPa bend fracture strength 5350 MPa 9,8 7,2 grinding ratio
Qualittszentrale
20
60 HRc
58 HRc
Impact values in J
15
10
Qualittszentrale
2009-8
hard
rich in carbides
Wear resistance
toughness
wear resistance
42
46
50 54 58 Hardness in HRc
62
66
Toughness
ial
Qualittszentrale
Qualittszentrale
properties
very tough cold work steel standard cold work steel wear resistant cold work steel, increeased V-content, good toughness exeptionally high wear resistant cold work steel, with high V-content stainless including carbides, food processing, plastic processing standard HSS flat, standard dies, EDM-blocks, (M2) standard HSS round, standard dies, chipping standard HSS flat, sheet metal forming, fine blanking, cold forming HSS with good thermal stability, for cold forging, chipping HSS with good thermal stability, improved wear resistance, for chipping and cold forging
Qualittszentrale
1948-4
Qualittszentrale
1803-7
+ Cr, Mo, V, W
Qualittszentrale
2232-9
Qualittszentrale
Qualittszentrale
1979-8.0
annealed 25 HRc
1 x tempered 61 HRc 11 J
2 x tempered 63 HRc 13 J
3 x tempered 63 HRc 28 J
40 m
Qualittszentrale
2763-9
Influence of the heat treatment of the carbide structure (material: PMD M4 / 62 HRc)
20 m
20 m
Qualittszentrale
Nummer
Solution:
Qualittszentrale
2788-0
solution:
10 mm
500 m
Qualittszentrale
Qualittszentrale
2760-9
Reason for failure: Low toughness and compressive strength Material change to PMD M4 (62 1 HRC)
20 mm
Qualittszentrale
2759-9
63,5 HRC
Reason for failure: Cracking in the cutting tees, less toughness Material change to PMD23 (64 1 HRC)
20 mm
Qualittszentrale
2757-9
Reason for failure: Less toughness Changing material to PMD30 (63 64 HRC)
10 mm
40 mm
Qualittszentrale
2764-9
Number of pieces
Qualittszentrale
2761-9
Life time: 1.3343 / 63 HRc 400.000 pieces PMD10 / 63 HRc >1.200.000 pieces
Qualittszentrale
1895-7
Economic calculation
Type of Tool: Precision blanking punch Result: B: Number of regrindings C: Total parts per tool (A x B) Economy D: Production cost of the tools E: Cost of the tool material F: Total tool cost (D + E) G: Cost for the regrinding including changing tools H: Total cost of regrinding and changing tools (B x G) I: Total tool cost until failure (F + H) J: Tool cost per punched part (I : C) K: Economic advantage [%] Material: 16MnCr5 Tensile Strength: ~ 600 N/mm Thickness: 8,0 mm 1.2379; 59 HRc 2.000 3 6.000 390,-10,-400,-270,-810,-1.210,-0,202 Parts per Month: 12.000/Month PMD M4; 61 HRc 8.000 10 80.000 400,-140,-540,-270,-2.700,-3.240,-0,041 79,7 %
Qualittszentrale
1421-4
tool manufacturing
lubricant supply
heat treatment
lubricant
forming process
surface finishing
forming material
end finish
bonding strength
Qualittszentrale
Conclusion
advantageous tool steel selection provides a lot of possibilities a) to improve the lifetime of tools b) to increase the efficiency and to reduce the total costs The heat treatment process is an importent device to achieve required micro structure and needed properties
The ideal prerequisites for later surface coatings should be accomplished during the stage of construction by advantageous tool steel selection, heat treatment, dimensioning and design!
Qualittszentrale