yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g

ZGefv - 19
rdk;BuD;arSmufcHk&Gmcs EGHxJuMum
&Gmprf; rD;vQHxJuMum
ndKUaeatmif onf;rvm; a&cJawmifxdyfuMumxuf
[def;aeatmif Ncdrf;rvm; ? ydkrdk&Sm;yg;
&SdorQa& oGefcsvdkuf½HkeJY teEÅwefcdk;pGrf;tm; ?
urÇmajr pdrf;pdkrvmbl;? t&G,foHk;yg;? umvoHk;yg;?
&SdorQtm; wdkufpm;ypf½HkeJY avmuBuD;oHk;yg;twGuf
urf;yg;wdkif; ajrrNydKbl; / rtdkaq;? remaq;? raoaq;
tJ'Daq;xuf azmfpyf&cufwJhaq;
rdk;BudK;rkefwdkif; raMumufaq;? r&GHUaq;
tnd§K; rIdif;rdIif; aoewfNyD;aq;? vufxdyfNyD;aq; ?
trkef; ½kdif;½kdif;awGMum;rSm aq;wpuf pkwfwcsufwnf;eJY
ZGefv 19 [m ordkif;aemufcHum;csyfrsm;udk odu©mxyfEdkifol?
tnd§K;tjiL waphwpHr&Sd tawG;w0uf ta&;w0ufeJYwif
yuwd oefYpifawmufyvdkY ? tem*wf½IarQmfcif;udk yHkazmfvif;vufapol?
aeuG,fvuG,fvnf; wHcGefay: wHcGefqifh
wnfMunf&Tef;jr arQmfvifhcsufwdkY\ vm;&m
olYtNyHK;u uGufvyfrsm;\ jznfhqnf;&m
olY toufZD0 / t&yfom;tqefqHk; vlxktEkynmvuf&m
ZGefv 19 [m
ppfcarmufay:rSm wufaygufwJh Mum / /

xGef;jrifhatmif
88-rsdK;qufausmif;om;rsm;
2009-ZGefv 16 &uf? t*FgaeU
eHeuf 11;19
23
yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g

nDrav;a&
rsufESmjyav;awmif
rvmEdkif&Smayr,fh ...
tpnf;ta0; pm;yGJcHkay:
emrnfpmwef;om&Sd .. vlr&Sdayr,fh ...
udk,fwdkUarmifESrrsm; .. arQmfvifhaeqJ ...
csdKrsufESmtNyHK;av;
yGifhvef;vmr,fhtcsdef
oHyjcKyfavSmifcsdKifhwHcg;yGifhr,fhtcsdef ...
Nidrf;csrf;csdK;jzK .. aw;oHulrJhtcsdef ...
ra0;awmhbl;nDri,f ..
udk,fwdk harQmfaew,f/

ro'¨g
(5/26/2009)

vlrsdK;jcm;aomfvnf; .. aoG;ta&mifwl .. pdwfta&mifwl ..

&ifckefoH wlnDMuaom Nidrf;csrf;vlwpktwGuf .. arQmfvifhqJ .. apmihfvifhqJ
tarpk vmr,fhvrf;qD .. a&TvufwdkYjzifh BudKqdkygonf/
awmiftmz&duor®wa[mif;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;Edkb,fqk&Sif e,fvfqifrif'Jvm;
xlaxmifxm;onfh ]0g&ifhyk*¾dKvfrsm;tzGJY} rS tzGJY0ifrsm; arv (26) &ufaeYwGif
armf½dkudkEdkifiH? rm&muufNrdKUawmfwGif awGYqHkNyD; Nidrf;csrf;a&;Edkb,fqk&Sif?
jrefrmtwkduftcHacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pkMunfudk vTwfay;a&;
awmif;qkdcJhMuonf/

21
 yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g

wuúodkvf&dyfomvrf; tdrftrSwf 54
avSmifhcsdKifhpHwJh nDrav; ...
ig;uav;avmufawmif
rvGwfvyfcJhol ...
iSufuav;avmufawmif
avoif;eHY r&SL&SdKuf&ol ...
yef;uav;wyGifhavmufawmif
aea&mifqrf; rvef;&ol ...
wDADr&Sd .. a&'D,dkr&Sd ...
owif;pmr&Sd .. zwfp&mpm r&Sd ...
w,fvDzkef;r&Sd .. tifwmeufr&Sd ...
oHuGefjcm txyfxyfzHk;qJ
pnf;oHk;wefjcm; .. i&Jom;eJYrjcm; ...
rif;rdkYom .. pdwfvufcdkifrm ...
'dkYwawG *kPf,lygw,fuGm .../
nDri,fcspfaom EkdifiHtwGuf
nDri,f jrwfedK;aom ...
jynfoljynfom;rsm;twGuf ...
aejcnf\ tvif;awGxJ ...
arSmifrJ aysmufqHk;aecJhwJh urÇm ...
ay;qyfwJh wpHkw&m ...
b0ESifh&if;ESD; paw;
Nidrf;csrf;pGmeJY &&r,fh vGwfvyfa&; ...
aoG;rcif;bJ &&r,fh omwlnDrQa&;...
ra0;awmhygzl; .. nDrav;&,f ..
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012
tom;ta&mifrwl .. þpmtkyf jzpfwnfrIrSwfwrf;
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012
,HkMunfudk;uG,fbmomrwl .. 12345678901234567890123456789012
rsdK;EG,f rwlayrJh ..
vlaumif;vlrGefqdkwm rsuf E S m zk H ; yef ; csD / / pG,fpkH&tEkynm&Sif q&mBuD;OD;0if;azrS
wwef; wpm;wnf; .. 88 rsdK;qufausmif;om;rsm;okdY csD;jr§ifhonf/
waoG; warG;wnf; ..
ESvHk;om;&Jh .. aoG;ta&mifonf .. a&cH y ef ; csD / / atmifvwf(88rsdK;qufausmif;om;rsm;)/
wlwleDeD .. nDnD ..
vdktyf awmifhwonf twG i f ; yef ; csD / / rD'D,mtrsdK;rsdK;rS ul;,lonf/
jidrf;csrf;a&;\ vif;a&mifjcnf .../
pmtk y f t jyif t qif / / 88 rD'D,mtzGJU/
ud,k w f oYkd nf
Nidrf;csrf;a&;Edkb,fqk&Sif xkwfa0onfh&ufpGJ / / 2009 ckESpf? ZGefv? 19 &uf? aomMumaeY/
e,fvfqifrif'Jvm;
pmtkyfjzpfajrmufa&;wm0efcH / / ukdatmifausmfqifhf (88 rsdK;qufausmif;om;rsm;)
urux .. xlaxmifxm;cJh ...
udkrdk;a0(88 rsdK;qufausmif;om;rsm;)
Nidrf;csrf;a&;vdkvm;ol ..
rae&D&D(88 rsdK;qufausmif;om;rsm;)
]0g&ifhyk*¾dKvfrsm;tzGJU}
zmeef'dk[if;&pfum'dkqdk qufoG,f&ef / / 88gstudent@gmail.com
(b&mZD;or®wa[mif;)?
*sifrDumwm 0ef c H p um; / / þpmtkyyf g uAsmrsm;ESihf yef;csv
D uf&mrsm;tm; trsKd ;
(tar&duefor®wa[mif;)? rsdK;aom rD'D,mrsm;rSul;,lazmfjyxm;aBumif;udk um,
tvmbuf uH&SifuAsmq&mrsm;? yef;csDq&mrsm;ESifhwuG pmzwfy&d
(SEWA tzGJYwnfaxmifol)? owfBuD;tm; ½dk;om;pGmNzifh 0efcHtoday;tyfygonf/
ar&Da&mfbifqif
(tdik ,
f mvefor®wa[mif;ESih f UNHCR
tBu;D tuJa[mif;)?
awmiftmz&du bkef;awmfBuD; 'ufprGefwl;wl;?
*½kdb&efYvef;
(aemfa00efBuD;csKyfESifh urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJY vlxkacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ 64-ESpfajrmuf arG;aeYudk *kPfjyKaomtm;jzifh
ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif;)? 88-rsdK;qufausmif;om;rsm;rS þ ]]yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g}} trnf&Sd uAsmpmtkyftm;
vuf'gb&m[DrDESifh *&mumrcs,f urÇmhukvor*¾tzGJYBuD;\ EdkifiHwumvlYtcGifhta&; aMunmpmwrf; tydk'f(19)t& w&m;0if
nDrav;twGuf tqifoifh&Sdw,f ... xkwfa0jzefYcsDonf/

20
yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g

19 ESpfqdkwJh ESpftwdkif;twm ...

BudKqdkw,f
tdkb,fh...Nidrf;csrf;a&;iSufi,f..
urÇmh Nidrf;csrf;a&;Edkb,fqk&Sif ...
cspfaom nDri,f...
udk,fwdkY arQmfaew,f/
wD;olrJh pE´,m;&Jh csdKoHpOfn§d ...
pD;olryg um;ae&m .. Avmtwd
xdkifolrJh tpnf;ta0; xdkifcHkae&m ..
ocifr&Jhtvm arQmfaeyg\/
vlwOD; vlvm;ajrmufEdkifaomfvnf; ...
13 ESpfMum .. tdrftdkxJ ...
oli,fcsif;r&Sd .. rdom;pkr&Sd ...
&[ef;oHCm .. vSK p&mr&Sd ...
tvnftywfvmp&m {nfhonfr&Sd ..
aeraumif;awmif .. q&m0efvmcGifhr&Sd ..
aovkqJMuif,m .. rsufESmjrifcGifhr&Sd ..
om;uav;rsufESm .. prf;Munfhp&mr&Sd ..
ajr;uav;\ rsufESm .. b,ft&m ..
b,foleJY wlwm .. rod
tdrfrufxJrSmom tajz&Sm&onfh ...
21 &mpkacwf\ tusOf;om;vl ...

19
 yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g

'dkYrsm;&JUtrsdK;aumif;orD;[m taMumif;t&m pmrsufESm

twdwfjyóemaowåm&JU 1234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012
'DtrsdK;aumif;orD;[m aomhwpfacsmif;jzpfovdk 1234567890123456789012 trSmpm....................... 1
e,fcsJU0g'udk vufxyfcJhwmr[kwf
t*FvefjynfzGm; trsdK;om;wpfOD;udk
vufxyfcJhwmomjzpfw,f/
tem*gwfO,smOfwHcg;&JU
aomhwpfacsmif;vnf;jzpfjyefw,f
ypöKyÜeftusOf;ajrrSmawmh
rmwd u m
1234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012
rdcif\ aESmifBudK;ukd jznfygthH ......... 3
(atmifqef;pkMunf)
udk,fwdkifaomhcwfcJhae&wJh
wu,fawmh arG;aeYqkawmif; ................. 4
aomhwpfacsmif;jzpfae&Sm&JU/
tm&SaoG;eJYtvS<u,fol (rif;ok0Pf)
'Dol&Jaumif;rav;udkcspfrdcJhwJh ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmwdwfqdwftxD;usefcJhwJh
cifyGef;onfrdkufu,ftJ&pf[m
pk&JUtoH pk&JU tvH ................ 5
trdjrefrmjynf&JUykHpHi,f
'dkYajy'dkYajrtcsKyfaESmifuvGwfajrmufzdkY (wifrkd;)
NcHtrSwf 54? wuúodkvf&dyfomvrf;udk
olYESvkH;om;udktcsKyfaESmifcHoGm;cJhol jrefjrefNidrf;csrf;om,mzdkY atmifqef;pkMunf&JUacwf ............ 6
olYudk,fa&;udk,fwmudkpaw;oGm;cJhol igwdkYBudK;yrf;ESifhMur,f/
onfa&onfajrtvif;a&miftwGuf (Munfatmif)
olYb0udktxD;useftarSmifcsNyD; tif;,m;&JUvIdif;awGwzsyfzsyfckefayguf pk&JUarG;aeYt"dXmef ................ 7
cspfZeD;udkcGJcGmjcif;eJYay;qyfoGm;cJhol/ yef;rsdK;pkHapqm? iSufaus;wdkYwDwm (armifpGrf;&nf)
igwdkYEdkifiHa&;zkef;qdk;ajr½dkif;vnf;
tdk trdjrefrmjynf O,smOfopfES,fa&mifpkHjzm rD;ykHxJuMum .................... 8
wcgutwkta,mifqdk&S,fvpfZif; igwdkYcspfwJhtrsdK;aumif;orD;vnf; ([Hom0wDOD;0if;wif)
[if;<uif;[if;usefawGudk om;cspfwdkYudkauGß;arG;jyKpk
azmufjyefwJhtrsdK;om;0g'tdk;eJYxnfhaET;NyD; ajr;ESpfudk,k,ydkufaxG; &ifxJu tar................... 9
auGß;arG;wnfcif;wJh Nidrf;at;Munfvifwdrfpifvrif;yrm (aumif;uifukd)
zufqpfxrif;yGJ? cHwGif;pGJolpGJayr,fh tarSmifcGif;tvif;jzm
tqdyfoifh&wmjynfol &J&JawmufESif;qD ................. 12
tJ'grS 'dkYajy'dkYajr/
oGm;&nfusolusayr,fh (&J&ifhatmif)
atmhtefaeMuwmjynfol/ 2015 rSm? 'DNcHajr0ef;xJ ydawmufawG zGifhr,fhaomh ........... 14
ocifatmifqef;ESpf 100jynfhyGJudk
tdk trdjrefrmjynf (opfaumif;tdrf)
olY&JUtrsdK;aumif;orD;uOD;aqmifvdkY
'Drdkua&pDudk,f0eft&ifhtrmudkvG,f taMumufw&m;uif;uif;? y#dyu© ....................... 15
aeYaphvaphaeygvsuf usif;yMuwJhtcg
rD;rzGm;EdkifwJhrdcifvdk (armifpkd;csdef)
wyfrawmfom;awGu olwdkYcspfwJh
toJcdkufatmif emusifae&Sma&mhr,f? zcifAdkvfcsKyfykHudk 54? wuúokdvf&dyfomvrf;? &efukef ...... 16
emusifcJh&vdkY rcspfwJhrdcifqdkwmr&Sd½dk;rdkY udkifajr§muf[pfa<u;vdkY (zkef;qkd;)
oift[m&csdKUwJh? yifyef;qif;&JcJhvnf; trkef;uif;pifwJhNcHtrSwf 54rSm
a&m*grxl? rcsLrcsm? t*FgpkHvifwJh vGwfvyfrIawGMuufysHrus BudKqkdw,f tkdb,fh Nidrf;csrf;a&;iSufi,f ... 19
'Drdkua&pDuav;i,fudkom vltcGifhta&;u ya'omyifvdk (ro'¨g)
zGm;jrifEdkifygap/ 'gpdwful;,Ofoufoufr[kwf
oEéd|meftvkyfjzpf&ap/ / a':atmifqef;pkMunfuAsm .......... 22
(xdefvif;)
zkef;qdk;
2007? ar 30
ZGefv - 19 .................... 23
(xGef;jrifhatmif)
18
yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g
todynm&nfjynfh0?
½dk;&Sif;wduswJhpum;awGu
awmif,mv,fvkyf?
"m;rckwfawGudkawmif
vufoD;qkyfawGrdk;ay:ajr§muf?
taMumufw&m;udkvGefajrmufapcJhw,f/
[moOmPfygwJh
NyKH;axhaxholrtajymawGuawmh
zdESdyfolwdkY&JUtemqdk;udk
oHrPdtyfzsm;eJY wppfppfqGwwf&JU/
'DtrsdK;aumif;orD;[m
zufqpfawGudkjrefYrmajray:u
armif;xkwfwJhESpfrSm
zGm;jrifcJhwJholaygh/
olrzcif ocifatmifqef;qdkwmu
urÇmhtoufi,fqkH;
trsdK;om;acgif;aqmifwpfOD;
jrefrmhordkif;&JU
ESvkH;&nfjynfh0qkH;ol&Jaumif;
acwfopfArmhwyfrawmfudkxlaxmifcJhol
pwkw¦jrefrmEdkifiHawmfudk
wnfaqmufcgprSm
usqkH;cJh&&SmwJhtmZmenf?
tJ'Dwkef;u olr 2 ESpforD;t½G,f/
'DtrsdK;aumif;orD;[m
zcif&JUarwåmykH&dyfawGudk
rdcif&JUcspfjcif;eJY&ifwGif;tylrD;uwqifhom
&if;ESD;cGifh&cJhol
zcif&JU*kPf&nfpGrf;yum;awGudk
jrefrmtaygif;wdkY&JUESvkH;om;xJuwqifh
MunfndKav;pm;cGifh&cJhol
zcif&JUw&m;eJY½dk;om;BuD;jrwfrIudk
ordkif;pmrsufESmawGay:uwqifh
odrSDcGifh&cJhol
zcif&JUcHpm;rItawG;tjrifudkawmh
tvkyfwlajc&meif;vdkuf,if;
em;vnfcJh&ol/
yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g
'DtrsdK;aumif;orD;[m
'dkYa&ajrtwGufawmh
neufay:uvrif;
olrtvif;udkjrifNyDa[hqdk
vlxk[m 'Da&awGvdk½kef;<u
a0'emvIdif;awGwtkH;tkH;x
tarSmifudktmcHtHwk0hHMu
owådawGul;pufjcif;cHMu&w,f/
t[m&csdKUiJhb0awGvJ
ylyifaomuwdkYoefYpif
xrif;qDqef;a½Tvifyef;eJYarSsmfvifhcsufrSm
uav;a&mvlBuD;yg
tidkwdwfMu&w,f/
aiGvrif;olr zkH;uG,fcH&jyefNyDqdk
tumvjyefvnfrif;rl
vlrormawGeJY
zkwfwapäwdkYvrf;ovm;Mu
ajcmufjcm;zG,fwpjyifvdk/
ESpfaygif;&maxmifcsD
xD;eef;a&;&mrvdr®mwJh'dkYvlrsdK;
usdefpmoifh'Dajrqdk;rSm
ukef;abmifeef;wGif;vlowfyGJuae
'DyJ,if;vkyfBuHrItxd
aumif;jrwfolwdkYtaoqdk;eJYaocJh&&Sm
b0rsm;pGmaouGJ&SifuGJ
'dkY&JUtrsdK;aumif;orD;[mvnf;
'DjrefrmhEdkifiHa&;0J*,ufxJ
zcifeJYvifom;udkaouGJcGJcJh&
om;tcspfajr;tESpfwdkYudk&SifuGJcGJae&ayr,fh
udk,fa&;udk,fwmudkwpfcGef;[rNiD;wGm;
tBuD;rm;qkH;rdcifarwåmxuf
onfa&onfajrudk*½kPmoufcJhol/
r,Ofaus;olwdkYu
e,fcsJU0g'eJYvlrsdK;a&;udk
a&maxG;rkef;wD;
udk,fa&;udk,fwmpnf;txd
usL;ausmfa0zefvnf;
tNyHK;rysufwkHYjyefEdkifcJhol/
17
 yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g
54/
wuUodkvf&dyfomvrf;/
&efukef
tif;,m;uefawmifbufurf;ezl;rSm onfvdkwdwfqdwfjcif;&JUvIdif;awGu
jrefrmjynftao;pm;ykHwlwpfck ywf0ef;usifudkysHUvGifh½dkufcwf
ydwfavSmifxkqpfjyxm;w,f/ um;awGvrf;ay:ajy;vTm;&if;
'Dem;a&mufNyDqdk&if
wm;qD;csKyfaESmifqdk;npfjcif;Mum;u pufoHawGavSsmhoGm;Mu
w&m;rSswjcif;oauFw um;ay:uvlawGpum;oH&yfoGm;Mu
½kef;<u&Sifoef? NcHtrSwf 54 wJh NcH0if;zufvSnfhMunfhwJh
&ifhusufwJhtdrfjzLBuD;wpfaqmif OD;acgif;awGav;vHoGm;Mu
xD;xD;rm;rm; pdwfrsufpdeJYomvSrf;Munfhjzpf
cef;em;rIt<uif;tusefawG&,f olwdkY&JUpdwfawGav;vHoGm;Mu
at;pufoHacs;wufql;BudK;awG&,f tif;,m;udkjzwfwdkufvmwJh
rSdefazsmhaeayr,fh b,fawmhrSrvSJwJh avw[l;[l;awmifrS
tvHawG&,f 'DNcH0ef;em;ta&mufrSm
&Sif;vif;rcH&wJh nifomEl;nHhvdkYoGm;w,f/
opf½GufaqG;trIdufo½kdufawG&,f
zGifhjcif;obm0csdKU,Gif;aewJh tJ'DtrsdK;aumif;orD;udk
oHwHcg;ESpfcsyf&,f urÇmYzufqpfpepfBuD;
tJ'Dt&mawG&JU [dk;aemufuG,frSmawmh usqkH;oGm;wJhESpfuarG;cJhwm
owådtppftrSeftm;vkH;&JUpkqkH&m pdefoGm;vdkvif;vufxuf&S?
oef;ig;q,f&JUtem*gwfawGpkqkH&m olr&JUw&m;awGudk
urÇmt&yf&yfupdk;&drfylyefrIawGpkqkH&m vufvkyfvufpm;wdkY&JU
trsdK;orD;wpfOD; vufz0g;awGuawmif
tiftm;BuD;rm;wJh wajzmif;ajzmif;½kdufcwfem;vnfcJhMuw,f/
wdwfqdwfjcif;eJYtwl&Sdaew,f/
16
yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g
trS m pm
atmifqef;pkMunfaeYrsm; U U U U U U UUU
]]atmifqef;pkMunf}} [lonf a':atmifqef;pkMunf wOD;wnf;\ ud, k yf ikd ef mrf r[kwaf wmhNy/D
&Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkBuD;rStpjyKí þrSmbufurf;wGif atmifqef;pkMunf qdkaom a0g[m&onf
trsm;qdik ef mrf jzpfvmcJo h nf/ urÇmEh ikd if aH &; tbd"mefrsm;wGiv f nf; a':atmifqef;pkMunftm; urÇm
vHk;qdkif&m 'Drdkua&pDa&; oauFw? Nidrf;csrf;a&; erdwfyHkrsm;tjzpf wav;wpm; azmfusL;vmMuonf/
xdrk Qruao;/ rMumrDumvrsm;wGif usEyfk w f Ukd zwf&KS Mu&awmhrnfh jrefrmhordik ;f zwfpm topf
wGif atmifqef;pkMunf [k a&;xdk;xm;aom pmwef;ae&mudkjr§m;axmufí uvpfacgufMunfhygu
yGiwhf ufvmrnfh pmrsuEf mS rsm;wGif a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ ud, k af &;ud, k w f m tcsut f vufrsm;xuf
tzdEydS cf jH ynfow l Ukd \ aeYpOfacgif;rD;awmufae&aomb0rsm;? ppfzed yfatmufa&mufaeaom wdik ;f jynf
wjynf\ emwm&Snaf 0'emESi?hf wdik ;f &if;om;aus;&Gmrsm;u toHrpJ idak <u;oHrsm;udk us,u f s,af vmif
avmif Mum;jrifawGY&vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ wqufwnf;rSmyif a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ ZGJrmefowÅdESifh
ÓPfynmonf jynfo h t
Yl a&;awmfyBkH u;D \ awmfveS af w;tjzpf vSvyS yajymif;vJomG ;yHu k v
kd nf; ½Ipm;&
vdrrhf nf/ atmifqef;pkMunf qdak om trnfemrudk Mum;em&? &Gwq f &kd ½kjH zifh jynfow l \ Ykd arQmv f ifch suu f
&Sifoef acgif;axmifvmwwf\/
atmifqef;pkMunf\cufqpfrmS aMumuf&UHG jcif;rSuif;a0;\/ tauG;taumuf t,dik t f eJrY &S/d
tajzmifo h abm ouf0if\/ vlxt k oHukd ud, k pf m;jyKyw hJ ifxyfí vlxt k vHukd cdik cf ikd rf wfrwf vTix hf l
wwfonf/ xm;&mae ap&moGm;? wrwfzdk;& wrwfzdk;pm;? tNr§D;usuf tNrD§;pm; uRef EGm;wdkY&JU tusifh
tBuH jynfoludk tarGray;/ jynfolomvQif trdtz? ocifpdwf ociftusifhudk pdkufysdK;a0iSol/
trkef;rJhEdkifiHawmf/ trsdK;om;&ifMum;apha&;twGuf zGifhxm;aom wHcg;rsm;/ urf;xm;aomvufrsm;/
oHwdkifawGMum;u wnfMunf0if;vufaomtNyHK;/ zGJYvdkYrqHk;aom *kPfj'yfrsm;/
atmifqef;pkMunf = jynfolvlxk
atmifqef;pkMunfaeYrsm; = jynfolYvGwfajrmufa&;vIyf&Sm;rIumv
atmifqef;pkMunfacwf = jynfolYacwf
odjYk zpfygí jynfov l x
l Bk u;D w&yfv;kH taejzifh atmifqef;pkMunfpw d "f gwfuakd rG;jrL/ atmifqef;
pkMunftusifhudk usifhBuHNyD; atmifqef;pkMunfaeYrsm;udk toufoGif;um atmifqef;pkMunfacwfudk
&J&JnDnD wnfaqmufMuygpdkY/
jynfolUvGwfaNrmufa&;atmifvHawmf[m atmifqef;pkMunfacwfrSmom vGwfvyfpGm0JysHEdkifw,f/ /
xGef;jrifhatmif
88-rsdK;qufausmif;om;rsm;
1
yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g
12345678901234567890123
1234567890123456789012312345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
1234567890123456789012312345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
1234567890123456789012312345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
y#dyu©
y u© 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
1234567890123456789012312345678901234567890123
("m;ud k , f p D E S i f h vl
v lE S p f a ,muf )
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
1234567890123456789012312345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
1234567890123456789012312345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
1234567890123456789012312345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 wef z d
k; rwl o l
j cif ; 12345678901234567890123
jrifhjrwfvSpGm? vlY*kPfodu©m
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 ppfcif; 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
bmeJYrS vJz,fvdkYr&bl;a[h/
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
jr§m;tpif;pif; 12345678901234567890123
"m;w0if;0if;/ 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
&J&ifhvSy? csdKjropöm
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
b,ft&meJYrS? zHk;uG,fxm;vdkYr&/
12345678901234567890123 ,kwfnHhol&JU"m; 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
aumufuspfrIrsm;ESifh awmufvuf 12345678901234567890123
aumufuspfrI "m;
12345678901234567890123 toGm;xuf/ 12345678901234567890123
1234567890123456789012312345678901234567890123 toGm;xufayr,fh? odu©mrJhpGm
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
ppfyGJrSm½IH;edrfh
wefzdk;jrifhol&JU"m; 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
½dk;pif;rIrsm;eJY awmuf v uf
12345678901234567890123
tvl;vl;tvdrfhvdrfh/
12345678901234567890123
/

12345678901234567890123 toGm;xuf/ 12345678901234567890123

12345678901234567890123
1234567890123456789012312345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
armifpdk;csdef
Edk0ifbm 29^1999
12345678901234567890123
1234567890123456789012312345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
1234567890123456789012312345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123
a':atmifqef;pkMunf 64 12345678901234567890123
12345678901234567890123 12345678901234567890123
ESpf jynfharG;aeY trSwf&uAsm

2 15
 yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g

yd
rdcif\ aESmifBudK;udk jznfygtHh...
awmuf
awG
zGihf
r,fh onf;pGmaomtemudk
ukpm;ygthH
orD;\vHkYv0D&d,jzifh

aomh emvefxlygaptHh ...

arG;aus;Zl;udk rodwwfaom
xdkolwdkYtm;odem;vnfatmif
qGJaqmifEdkifpGrf;udk
tJ'DESif;qD[m yef;tdk;xJ orD;tm; ay;ygav ... tjcm;tjcm;aom olwdkY\
xdk;pkdufxm;wJh ESif;qDr[kwf ½Iwfcsjcif;
awGY&tHhaom ab;&efwdkYudk uJh&JUjcif;
aomhcavmuf wvkH;xJ
orD; xDrnfr[kwf ... rkef;wD;½GH&Smjcif;
ESpf&Snfvrsm; pkdufysKd;xm;wJh ESif;qD
emrnfzsufjcif;wdkYudk
olYql;½kd;awGeJY tJ'Dhaomhcavmufudk xkd;zGifh wb0wGif wcgom ao&onfjzpfí orD; tvsOf; *½krjyK ...
yGifhvif; vlYabmif tb,fenf;ESifh ao&onfjzpfap
atmifqef;pkMunf orD;ü rxl;jcm; ... rdcifxHrS 'grS ighorD; [laom
tmZmenf usK;&ifhoHudkom
orD;\ pdwful;wdkY awmifhwyg\ ...
igwkdYacwfudk a&muf&rnf/ / tu,ftjzpfodkYa&mufaomtcsdefwGif
toifwdkYonfvnf; avmuwGif rdcif\aus;Zl;udk
opfaumif;tdrf aysmfjrL;Mu&rnf ... todwwfqHk;orD; jzpf&ygvdk\/ /
(10&uf? rwfv? 2009)
atmifqef;pkMunf
14 3
 yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g
arG;aeYqkawmif;
jynfolYatmifyef; NrJqifjref;onf
atmifqef;pkMunf &JZmenfudk
jrefjynfwvTm;cspfolrsm;cJh/
wdkYtm;wdkYtif wdkYt&Sifudk
Munf&Tifapaom rmapaom[k
arG;aomaeYrSm xdkoligonf
arwåmMunfvif &Tif&TifzdkY
a'gif;ysdKtdk;a0 wGefapzdkY
jrwfqkrGefaumif; awmif;MupdkY/
rif;ok0Pf
19-6-90
4 13
yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g
yg;pyf&mZ0if? yHkjyif r[kwf jyif;jy ]ae} eJU tufppf ]rkd;} vnf;
aumvm[v? '@m&D r[kwf &J&JeDapG; olYtaoG;ukd?
ESif;qDyGifhcsyf yGifhzwfwpif;\ azsmhawmh ta&miftqif;
wdkufyJG0ifrI rkefwkdif;wck/ wkdufcRwfEkdifjcif; tvsOf;r&Sd/
rdk;Ncdrf;oHwdkY wajzmif;ajzmif;xGuf tcsKd;tauGY tvSnfhtajymif;
vQyfyef;EG,fwdkY NydK;NydK;jyuf axmif;axmif;nufacs cHEkdifav\ -/
½kef;<uxdk;wuf? rdkYarmufcRefxuf
olonf ...
pl;oGm;wvuf ...
'layemay arwåm&SifESifh
rdk;wdrfvTm urf;yg;&HESifh opömw&m; vufudkifxm;onfh
tmumjyifxuf xdk;cJGwuf\ -/ yDbd cEåDyg&rD&Sif
r[m tmZmenfyif/
olonf ...
om;aumifESifh axmifajcmufr[kwf tkda[mif;rIefrTm; umvrsm;pGm
wnfMuufESifh nTwfukdif;r[kwf usdefpmtvm; vGifhpifoGm;vnf;?
ESif;qDpl;oGm;\ xl;jcm;onfh
½kd;½kd;&Sif;&Sif; tcif;tusif;/
0wfrIHtarG
BuJa0jzefYMuuf rsKd;qufrsm;odkY?
av'Pfa&qef avmu"H acwfopf&moD
BuHUBuHUvnf;cH tm;rmefravQmh? tvDvDausmfeif; vGifhjy,fjcif;r&Sd? NrJNrH\/
arT;aMumhoefYpif urÇmwcGif
olonf ...
olUjzpftif ...
ol&Jaumif;wdkY acgif;aqmif
ukd,fwkdif avmifNrdKuf jrefrmhOaoQmif
uRrf;avmifvIdufpm; arT;ysHUoGm;\/ rsKd;aumif;Zmenf bmrxD?
urÇmwnfrnfh
olonf ...
&J&Jawmuf ESif;qD
½kyfao;½kyfESifh rD;pmr[kwf
a':atmifqef;pkMunf/
aysmfawmfqufESifh eif;Murf;r[kwf
&*Hk&eHY oif;zJGYonfh
&J&ifhatmif
yuwdjzpfpOf olY*kPftif/
 yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g

&J&Jawmuf ESif;qD
pk &J t
h oH
pk &J t
h vH

Armjynfolxk&JU
tmZmenf pk yg/ wpfoufraMumufzG,f
touf 60 arG;aeYr*Fvm/
vmrnf vmrnfeJY
Mum&Snfyg&JU ESpfrsm;pGm t&Sdefjyif;jyif;
wxdefxdefeJY vif;awmhrSm/
tusOf;cH? tn§if;cHMu&
jrif;tuef cH&ovkdyg/ pk&JUtoH pk&JUtvH
pdrfh,dkaygufuGJ
t[kefjyif;oGuf vGifhpifxGuf? tusOf;axmifu aumif;uif,HrSm ysH0J
teDa&mif tyGifhtcuf tvif;a&mif jyaewJh pk yg/ atmifyGJqifzkdY ra0;awmhyg//
aoG; tpufpuf ...
wifrdk;
ZGefv 12? 2005/ tar&duef?
a[mif;tdkaqG;ajrU eH&Hrsm; zavmf&D'g a&Munftdkift&yf/
ywfMum;uJGtuf ydumysuf\ -/
olonf ... a':atmifqef;pkMunf touf(60)jynfhtwGufa&;cJhaom
q&mwifrkd;\uAsmtm; jyefvnfaz:jyygonf/

12 5
 yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmifqef;pkMunf&J hacwf
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

b,folawG b,fvdkajymygap
tar[m tarjzpfaeao;oa&G h
om;wdkY cspfaer,f/
&ifxJrSm tar tNrJ&Sdaer,f/

atmi
atmif edrdwfyef; ckcsdefrSmawmh tar[m ...
usqHk;cJhwJh &ifaoG;awGtwGuf
qef; &JUowåd tarhtdrfav;xJrSm wdwfwdwfuav; idkaervm;/
pk rdaygif;½kHk; 'grSr[kwf 'ku©yifv,fa0aewJh &ifaoG;awGtwGuf
qkawmif;arwåmaw;oDcsif;awGudk wdwfwdwfuav;qdkaervm;/
Munf NyHK;&Tifaysmf
acwf opfarSsmfpkdY ... tarh&J h tMuifemvufeJY
om;wdkYaewJh ykcufav;udk
nifompGm vTJay;r,fhaeY&ufawGudk arSsmfaer,f/
[kwfoyhg
tar[m uRefawmfwdkY tm;vHk;&JU aumif;uif
usKyfESr tar rdk;r,fh aeYawGqDudk om;wkdYtm;vHk; a&mufcsifvSjyD/
tar[m uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;&JUrdcif
rkcs
tarysdK;r,fh O,smOfudk om;wdkYtm;vHk; MunfhcsifvSjyD/
touf&mausmf &SnfrSmrkdY/
aumif;uifudk
15 azazmf0g&D 2008
Munfatmif

6 11
 yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g yg0g 54 &JU 64 yg0g

aoG;qmaewJhbDvl;awGu
pHrrDwJh olwdkYb0avSeHrSm
tmPmudk atmifjrifrSKtjzpf w&m;ao "m;xpfaecsdefrSm
taruawmh u½kPm ESvHk;om;eJY
jynfolYidkoHudk em;pGifhw,f/

tar[m wuúodkvf&dyfomvrf;xJrSm avSmifxm;cH&wJh iSufuav; wpfaumif?

ysHcGifhr&wJh iSuftm;vHk;wdkY&J hacgif;aqmifaygh/
pk&JUarG;aeY t"dXmef
taru ysHcGifhr&ayr,fh tarhemrnfuawmh [dk;…aumif;uifzsm;rSmysHaew,f/
tarh emrnfwpfvHk;udk jynfolawGtwGuf taroHk;csifaerSmyJaemf/

jynfol harwåmawGom
yef;yGifhav;awGjzpfr,fqdk&if
jynfolwdkif;u yef;yGifhwpfyGifhpDay;vdkY
tarh b0O,smOfrSm yef;yGifhav;awGeJY
]]pk}}eJY]]ppf}}Mum;
jynfhaeavmufjyD/ ½kd;om;jcif;eJY
tJ'Dh yef;&eHYawGaygh/ 'kdYjywfom;pkdY/
olwdkY rvdkwrmpdwfeJY b,fvdkzHk;zHk; &J&ifhjcif;
trSm; trSef tcsdefqkdif;&if
urÇmwpfckvHk; arT;aewm/ ajzmifhrwfjcif;eJY
orkdif;arSmifhxuf arSmifvdrhfrnf/
rdpämawGuawmh rSefuefjcif;/
aoewfudk rvTwfwrf;udkifNyD; jcif;av;jcif;eJY 'kdY&JU]]pk}}/
rD;avmifaewJh ukvm;xkdifawGay: ,kHpkdY &JpkdY 'kdYpkMunf
twif;wufxkdifaeMuw,f tar/ &ufpufjcif;eJY
tJ'Dh rdpämawGaygh? ZmenforD;? orD;Zmenf
½kdif;pkdif;jcif;
ol&Jabm aMumifvdkufMuwm/ 'kdYESr? 'kdYu0kdif;&Hrnf/
tarhudk &ifrqdkif&JvdkY? aumufuspfjcif;eJY
tarhudk r,SOfNydKif&JvdkY oifhrdcif oifwkdYxrf;&rnf/
arSmufrm;jcif;/
tarhudkoD;jcm; cGJxkwf
yef;wkdifa&muf razmufrrnf
tarhpmrsufESmawGudk jcif;av;jcif;eJY olwkdY]]ppf}}/
ordkif;xJu twif;qGJpkwfvnf; nDMurnf/
tarhyHk&dyfawGu om;wdkYtonf;xJrSm
armifpGrf;&nf
pkwfeJYxdk;xm;ovdk pGJNyD;om;/
ar(8)&uf? 2005/
10 7