Comparative Studies

Constitution of
the Republic of the
Union of Myanmar
(2008)

jynfaxmifpo
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zG@J pnf;ykt
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Edi_ ;f ,SOcf surf sm;
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-2-

Comparative Studies
Constitution of
the Republic of the
Union of Myanmar
(2008)

jynfaxmifpo
k rwjrefrmEkid if aH wmf

zG@J pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'
(2008 ckEpS )f
Edi_ ;f ,SOcf surf sm;
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oGm;apEdkifouJhodk@ESpfaygif; 60awmuf
avmifaeaom jynfwGif;ppfrD;udkvnf; tukeftpif +idrf;owfay;EdkifpGrf;&dSygonf?
zJG hpnf;yHktajccHOya'onf EdkifiHom;wOD;pD wOD;pDwdkif;. udk,fa&;vHk+cHKr_/
'Drdkua&pDESifhvl@tcGifhta&;wk@dudk tjynfht0 tmrcHEdkifonfhtaetxm;udk zefwD;
ay;EdkifouJhodk@EdkifiHom;wOD;pD wOD;pDwdkif;. uH=uRmudk v_yfvdk hr&atmif wkwfaESmif
csKyfwnf;xm;EdkifpGrf;vnf; &dSygonf?
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t&mudpP jzpfonf[k EdkifiHom;wdkif;u av;euf=u&rnfjzpfygonf?
xd@k a=umifh TzJG ph nf;yHt
k ajccHOya'twGuf tajccHrrl sm;csrw
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(rl=urf;)tm; vlxx
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kd yf g0ifI aomfvnf;
aumif;/ jynfow
l @kd rS wm0eftyfEiS ;f xm;aom jynfo@l v$waf wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,f rsm;u
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f ikd ;f udk tav;
teufxm; jznhfqnf;aygif;pyf ay;=u&rnf jzpfygonf? rnfol wOD;wa,mufur#
tm%mjzifh xdef;csKyf umqD;xm;ydkifcGifhr&dSyg?
rdrdwdk@. uH=uRmudk yJhudkifxdef;ausmif;ay;rnfh zJG@pnf;yHktajccHOya'udk
a&;qJG&mwGif vnf;aumif;/ a&;qJGEdkif&ef tajccHrlrsm; csrSwf&mwGifvnf;aumif;/
a&;qGJ+yD;zJG@pnf;yHktm; jyefvnf oHk;oyf+yD; rlacsmjyK&mwGifvnf;aumif; jrefrmEdkifiH
twGif; rSDwif;aexdkif=uaom vlrsdK;aygif;pHk jynfolw&yfvHk;. tusdK;pD;yGm;udk
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odk@twGuf bufaygif;pHk avhvmjcif;/ E_dif;,SOfavhvmjcif;rsm;udk [mayguf
,dkaygufr&dS&atmif tav;teufxm;I aqmif&Guf=u&rnf jzpfygonf?
ydkrdk jynfhpHkaom/ ydkrdk aumif;rGefaom zJG hpnf;yHk tajccHOya'w&yf ay:ayguf
vma&;twGuf E_dif;,SOf avhvm tuJjzwfEdkifap&ef zJG hpnf;yHk tajccHOya' Ed_if;,SOf
avhvma&; aumfrwD rS a&;om;jyKpk wifjyxm;aom Tpmwrf;i,ftm;
EdkifiHom;wdkif;u tav;teufxm;I avhvmzwf&_ apvdkygonf?
Ed_if;,SOf avhvmjcif;jzifh taumif;qHk;udk &SmazG ,l=u&rnf jzpfygonf?
tpaumif;rS taESmif;aocsmrSm jzpfygonf?
tpraumif;cJhI oHCmpifygarSmufoGm;cJh&aom twdwfjzpf&yfrsm;udk
oifcef;pm,lI rdrd ,Hk=unfonfudk ,Hk=unfonfhtwdkif;/ rdrd r,Hk=unfonfudk
r,H k = unf o nh f t wd k i f ; jywf j ywf o m;om; aqmif & G u f = uzd k h Ed k i f i H o m;wd k i f ; ud k
tav;teuf wdkufwGef;t}uHjyKvdkygonf?
wEdkifiHvHk;. uH=uRmtwGuf EkdifiHom;wdkif;u &J0HhpGm/ vGwfvyfpGm
yg0ifaqmif&Guf=uyg&ef av;pm;pGmjzifh jynfolw&yfvHk;odk@ xyfrH yef=um;wdkufwGef;
vdkufygonf?
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jynfaxmifpk orw jrefrmEdkifiHawmf
2009 ckESpf Zlvdkifv (30) &ufae h?

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pmrsufESm

1?

zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'qkdif&m pmtkyfrsm;

2?

AkdvfcsKyf}uD;odef;pdef

3?

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4?

EkdifiHawmf tajccHrlrsm;

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6?

EkdifiHawmf zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'

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- 12 -

tcef; (1)
Ekid if aH wmftajccHrrl sm;

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- 14 -

jynf
ynf a xmif p k o rw jref r mEd k i f i H a wmf zG J @ pnf ; yH k t ajccH O ya'
(2008 ck E S p f ) t&
ppf w yf t "d u v$ r f ; rd k ; a&;pepf j zpf a =umif ; tajccH j yZ,m;
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf
vHkjcHKa&;aumifpD
wyfrawmf(orw)
jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf
umuG,fa&; ESifh e,fpyfa&;&m
jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf

wdik ;f (od@k ) jynfe,f umuG,af &;ESihf

e,fpyfa&;&m
wdkif;(odk@) jynfe,f v$wfawmfrsm;

wyf r awmf u muG , f a &; ppf O D ; pD ; csKyf . t"d u tm%mrsm;

umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf
umuG,fa&;
0ef}uD;Xme

jynfxJa&;
0ef}uD;Xme

e,fpyfa&;&m
0ef}uD;Xme

trsdK;om;
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(1) tcef;(1) tajccHrl (6) wGif wyfrawmfonf EdkifiHa&;udk OD;aqmif&ef?

(2) tcef;(1) yk'rf (14) wyfrawmfonf jynfaxmifp/k wdik ;f ESihf jynfe,ftqifw
h ikd ;f wGif
yg0ifaqmif&GufoGm;rnf?
(3) yk'rf (20)t& wckwnf;aom rsK;d cspw
f yfrawmf jzpfjcif;/ wyfyikd ;f qdik &f mudpPtm;
vH;k udv
k w
G v
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G yf ikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf? wyfrawmfonf Edik if aH wmf
zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef t"du wm0ef&Sdonf?
(4) yk'fr (60)(c)(3)t& wdkif;jynftkyfcsKyfa&;tqifhwGifygaejcif;?
(5) tcef;(7)yk'fr(338)t& wckwnf;aom wyfrawmfrSty tjcm;rnfonfh
vufeufudkifwyfr# cGifhrjyKay?
(6) yk'rf (412)/ yk'rf (341)/ (413)/ (418)/ (419)t& ta&;ay:umvwGif ppfwyftm;
tm%modrf;cGifhudk zGJpnf;yHk t& w&m;0ifay;xm;onfhtjyif yk'fr(417)
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t&vnf; wESpfxdowfrSwfEdkifjyefonf? tcsdefumvtuef@towfr&Sd ppftkyfcsKyf

a&;jzifh wdkif;jynftm;tkyfcsKyf&ef cGifhjyKxm;avonf?
(7) wyfrawmfta&;tm; rnfolr#0ifa&mufpGufzufcGifhr&Sday?
(8) yk'rf (20)t& wyfrawmfa&;&mudPrsm;ESihf ywfoufor#tm;vH;k udk wyfrawmf
uomvkyfaqmifoGm;&ef vrf;nGefxm;ayonf?
(9) tcef;(4) yk'fr (74)/ (109)/ (141)/ (161)wdk@ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfESifh
Oya'jyKu tqifhqifhtoD;oD;wGif wyfrawmfom; (25)&mcdkifESKef;
yg0ifaejcif;?
(10) yk'fr (115)ESifh (147)(c)rsm;t& umuG,fa&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&mudpPrsm;?
wyfrawmfa&;&mESifhywfoufv#if wyfrawmfom;rsm;uom vkyfydkifcGifh&Sdjcif;?
(11) yk'fr (121)(n)t& wyfrawmftm; tcGifhxl;cHay;xm;jcif;?
(12) yk'fr (201)t& umuG,fa&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&;/ jynfxJa&;ESifh e,fpyfa&;&mwdk@wGif
vnf;aumif;/ yk'fr (232)ESifh(234)t&'k0ef}uD;rsm; cef@tyf&mwGifvnf;aumif;
wyfrawmfom;rsm;udkom t"duxm;jcif;?
(13) yk'fr(262)t&wkdif;(odk@) jynfe,fumuG,fa&;ESifh e,fpyfa&;&mudPrsm;twGuf
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfrS wdkuf&dkufudkifxm;jcif;?
(14) wyfrawmfom; udk,fpm;vS,frsm; &mxl;rS EkwfxGufjcif;/ &yfqJjcif; cef@tyfjcif;
udPwdkif;wGif wyfrawmfrS vkyfcGifh&Sdjcif;?
(15) yk'rf (258)t& wyfrawmfrS }uD;pd;k aom aejynfawmff aumifpo
D nf Edik if aH wmf.
tjrifhqHk; tm%m&Sdapjcif;?
(16) ta&;ay:tajctaeumvwGif tcef; (11)yk'fr (412)/ (413)/ (418)rS (432)
jyXmef;csufrsm;t& EdkifiHawmf. Oya'jyKa&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;wdk@udk
wyfrawmfrS wm0ef,lEdkifjcif;? tcsdef tuef@towfr&Sd tm%modrf;Edkifonfh
tajctaersm;udk cGifhjyKay;xm;jcif;?
(17) tcef; (14)yk'fr (443)(445)rS (447)txdjyXmef;csufrsm;t& ppftpdk;&wdk@.
tarGudk qufcHjcif;? ppftpdk;&wdk@ toHk;jyKaom Oya'rsm;udk qufvuf
toHk;jyKEdkifjcif;?
+cHKiHkoHk;oyfcsuft& 2010 t+yD; wdkif;jynftm; tkyfcsKyfoGm;rnfh
zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya' (2008)onf vuf&Sdppftm%m&Sifpepfudk w&m;r0iftqifhrS
w&m;0if tqifhodk@ azmfaqmifjcif;jzpfa=umif; oHk;oyfawG@&Sd&ayonf?

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tcef; (2)
Ekid if aH wmfz@JG pnf;wnfaqmufyHk

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- 18 -

- 19 -

etz. jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' (2008)

jynfolvlxk

wyfrawmf

ppfom;ukd,fpm;vS,f(56)OD;

atmufv$wfawmf (440)OD;

'k-orw

w&m;pD&ifa&;(711)

umuG,fa&;jynfxJa&;
e,fpyfa&;&m0ef=uD;rsm;ESifh
trsdK;om;vHkjcHKa&;aumifpD

umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfrS
atmufv$wfawmft&yfom;
apv$wfaom
udk,fpm;vS,f (330)OD;
ppfom;ukd,fpm;vS,f(110)OD;

'k-orw

jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf

'k-orwrsm;

EdkifiHawmforw

txufv$wfawmft&yfom; umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfrS
apv$wfaom
udk,fpm;vS,f (168)OD;

txufv$wfawmf (224)OD;

'k-orw

tkyfcsKyfa&;(tpdk;&)

Edik if OH ;D ao#mif

- 20 txufv$wfawmf (60)OD;

jynfolvlxk tzGJ@0ifjynfe,frsm;

atmufv$wfawmf

jynfaxmifpk v$wfawmf

w&m;pD&ifa&; (9)OD;

'D r d k u a&pD E S i f h wd k i f ; &if ; om;tif t m;pk r sm; a&;qG J o nf h

zuf ' &,f j ynf a xmif p k jref r mEd k i f i H a wmf zG J @ pnf ; tk y f c sKyf y H k t ajccH O ya'

umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;

tkyfcsKyfa&; (0ef}uD;csKyf)

EdkifiHOD;ao#mif (orw)

tcef; (3)
Ekid if aH wmfz@JG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'

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etz ppf t pd k ; &a&;qG J a om jynf a xmif p k o rwjref r mEd k i f i H a wmf

zG J @ pnf ; yH k t ajccH O ya' (2008 ck E S p f )
ESifh
'D r d k u a&pD E S i f h wd k i f ; &if ; om; tif t m;pk r sm; a&;qG J a om
zuf ' &,f j ynf a xmif p k orwjref r mEd k i f i H zG J @ pnf ; yH k t ajccH O ya'
('k w d , rl = urf ; )wd k @ tm;
Ed _ i f ; ,S O f a vh v mjcif ;
rd w f q uf
wdkif;jynf/ ygwD/ toif;tzGJ@wdkif;onf zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya'wck
&Sd&rnf jzpf+yD; ,if;zGJ@pnf;yHkonf jynfol/ ygwD toif; tzGJ@0ifrsm;qESifh udkufnDygu
pnf;vHk;nDnGwfI wdkif;jynf/ ygwDtzJG@tpnf;onfvnf; +idrf;csrf;om,m pnfyif
0ajymrnf jzpfonf? odk@aomf zGJ@pnf;yHkonf jynfol/ toif;tzGJ@0ifrsm; qESifh
qef@usifygu pnf;vHk;nDnGwfr_+ydKuGJ+yD; ,if;zGJ@pnf;yHkESifh wdkif;jynf/ ygwDtoif;tzGJ@
onfyifvSsif +ydKuGJysufpD;oGm;rnf jzpfonf?
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ@pnf;yHkrsm;udk avhvmygu jynfolrsm;/
wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; qoabmxm;rsm; ESihf qef@usio
f jzifh pnf;vH;k nDnw
G af &;+ydKuGu
J m
zG@J pnf;yHk tjccHOya'onfvnf; t}udr}f udrf ysupf ;D oGm;&+yD; wdik ;f jynfonfvnf; uBmh
tqif;&JqHk; EdkifiHb0odk@a&muf&Sdum jynfol vlxkpm;0wfaea&;b0onfvnf;
'kQrdsK;pHk}uHKawG@ae&onf?
jrefrmhaemufcHordkif;wGif ucsif/ u&if/ u&ifeD/ csif;/ rGef/ Arm/ &Srf;/
&cdik pf onfh wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; onf a&S;ESpaf ygi;f axmifEiS chf su
D wnf;u bk&if/ apmfbmG ;/
'l;0g;/ apmzsm;/ apmuJ/ &rftkyfrif;rsm;jzifh vGwfvyfpGm tkyfcsKyfaexdkifvmcJh=uaom
Xmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm; jzpf=uonf? jynfaxmifpkyHkpH r&SdcJhay?
t*FvdyfudkvdkeDacwfumvwGif t*Fvdyfu wdkuf&dkuftkyfcsKyfaom
(&cdkif/ rGef/ u&if/ Arm) aexdkifonfh a'oudkpkpnf;I Armjynfr(Bruma proper)
e,fajr/ ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG &hf &S=d uaom jynfaxmifp&k rS ;f jynf / ucsif awmifwef;a'o/
csi;f awmifwef;a'oESihf oD;jcm; vGwv
f yfaom u&ifejD ynf[I
l e,fajr (5)ck wnf&cdS hJ
onf? jynfaxmifpkyHkpHr&SdcJhay?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh &Srf;/ ucsif/ csif; wdkif;&if;om; acgif;aqmifrsm;
wd@k onf tajrmftjrif}uD;pGmwdik yf ifaqG;aEG;tay;t,l vky=f u+yD;rS oD;jcm;wnf&adS om
e,fajr(4)ck w+ydKifwnf;vGwfvyfa&;&,l&efESifh ,if;e,fajrrsm; wef;wl&nfwl
jynfaxmifpk wnfaqmuf&ef 1947 ckEpS f azazmf 0g&v
D (12) &ufae@wiG f yifvpkH mcsKyfukd
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csKyfqdk=u+yD; jynfaxmifpkpepfudk pwifysdK;axmifcJhonf?

xdktjyif AdkvfcsKyfuOD;aqmifcsrSwf+yD; zqyvtzGJ@csKyfu oabmwlnD
onfh tem*wfzGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya' a&;qJG&mwGif (1)vGwfvyfaom EdkifiHjzpf&rnf
(Independence)/ (2) tcsKyftjcmydkif EdkifiHjzpf&rnf (Sovereignty)/ (3) 'Drdkua&pD
orwEdkifiH jzpf&rnf (Republic) / (4) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH jzpf&rnf(Union State)
[kyg&Sdonf?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;nGef(7)csufESifh &Sif;vif;csufrsm;udkvnf;
vufcH=uonf?
xkdr#ru AdkvfcsKyfOD;aqmif+yD; 1947 ckESpf arv(24)&ufae@wGif usif;y
jyKvkyfaom zqyvtzGJ@csKyf y%rnDvmcHu oabmwlnDxm;aom tajccHrl (14)
csufteuf tcef;(1) EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmuf&mY azmfjyyg&Sd&mwGif (u) Armjynfr
(Burma Proper)/ (c) &Srf; jynfaxmifpk/ (*) u&ifeD jynfe,frsm;/ (C) ucsif
awmifwef;rsm;/ (i) csif;awmifwef;rsm; yg0ifap&rnf[k yg&Sdonf? xdktjyif
ArmjynfrwGif aexdkif+yD; Armpum;ESifhrwlaom/ vlOD;a& toifhtwifh&Sdaom/
pD;yGm;a&;toifhtwifh&Sdaom/ rdrdjynfe,ftjzpf aexdkifvdkjcif; ponfhtcsufrsm;udk
tajccHI jynfe,fazmfay;&rnf[k twdtvif;yg&Sdonfh tcsufrsm;onf &cdkif/ rGef/
u&iftwGuq
f v
kd akd =umif;xif&mS ;onf? ArmvlrsKd ;onfvnf; yifvpkH w
d "f mwft& &Sr;f /
ucsif/ csif;wdk@ESifh tqifhtwef;wlonf[koabmxm;&rnfjzpfonf?
1974 ck E S p f zG J @ pnf ; yH k tajccH O ya'ES i f h 'D r d k u a&pD qd w f o k e f ; jcif ; jy\em
Adv
k af e0if;OD;aqmifaom (rqv) wygwt
D m%m&Sipf pftyk pf u
k 1974
ckEpS w
f iG f zG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccH Oya' wckukd pdw}f udKufa&;qGjJ yXmef;vdu
k o
f nf? wdik ;f &if;om;
rsm;tcGit
hf a&; r&do
S nft
h jyif 'Dru
kd a&pDtajccHv@l tcGit
hf a&; [lor# vH;k 0 qdwo
f ek ;f
oGm;onf? wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkiftzGJ@tpnf;rsm; qufvufI awmfvSefwdkufyGJ
0if+yD; jynfolw&yfvHk;uvnf; 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;twGuf enf;rsKd;pHkjzifh
wav#mufvHk;qef@usifwdkufyGJ0ifvm=u&m 1988 ckESpf 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;
a=umifh rqv wygwDtm%m&Sifpepf jyKwfusjcif;ESifhtwl 'Drdkua&pDvHk;0r&dSaom
zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya'onfvnf; (14)ESpft=umwGif ysufpD;oGm;awmhonf?
etz. 2008 ck E S p f em*pf zG J @ pnf ; yH k t ajccH O ya'jy\em
etz zufqpfppftyk pf o
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nDvmcHudkusif;yvm+yD; 15 ESpf t=umwGif 2008 ckESpf em*pfzGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya'udk
- 23 -

jynfol@qENoabmxm; "g;jywkduf,lI 92 &mcdkifE_ef;ausmf axmufcHa=umif;

jyXmef;vdkufum 2010 ckESpfwGif ygwDpHka&G;cs,fwifajrmufyGJudkvnf; usif;yjyKvkyfrnf
[k xkwfjyef xm;onf? etz. 2008 ckESpf em*pf zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'onf
wdkif;&if;om;rsm; tcGifhta&; vHk;0r&dSonfhtjyif 'Drdkua&pDtajccH vl@tcGifhta&;
[lor#vnf; vHk;0r&dSyg? ,if;zGJ@pnf; yHkonf etz ppftkyfpku jynfolw&yfvHk;tay:
uGsefjyKoGm;&efESifh wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;pkrsm;tm; trsKd;jzKwfa&;udk tpDtpOf&dS&dS
csrSwfjcif;yifjzpfonf?
'D r d k u a&pD t if t m;pk E S i f h wd k i f ; &if ; om;tif t m;pk r sm;/
tem*wf z uf ' &,f j ynf a xmif p k tjrif o abmxm;
trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf NLD/ jynfaxmifpw
k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf UNLDESifh vGwfajrmufe,fajrwGif a&muf&dS=uaom 'Drdkua&pD
tif t m;pk r sm;ES i f h wd k i f ; &if ; om;tif ; tm;pk r sm;wd k @ onf tem*wf z ,f ' &,f
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH wnfaqmufa&;ESifhywfowfI atmufygtajccHrlrsm;ESifh
oabmxm;wlnDr#rl&Sda=umif; awG@&dS&ayonf?
(1) z,f'&,f jynfaxmifpkorwEdkifiHjzpf&rnf?
(2) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;onf vlrsKd;a&; / EdkifiHa&; wef;wl&nfwl&dS&rnf?
(3) ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD EdkifiHa&;pepf&dS&rnf?
(4) 'Drdkua&pD tajccHvl@tcGifhta&; umuG,fjyXgef;&rnf?
(5) jynfo@l v$waf wmfEiS hf trsK;d om; vGwaf wmfEpS &f yfxm;&d+S yD;/ ,if;v$waf wmfEpS &f yf
onf tm%mwljzpf&rnfqdkonfh tajccHrl yifjzpf onf?
xd k @ a=umif h txuf y gtajccH r l r sm;tay:tajccH x m;&d S + yD ;
vGwfajrmufe,fajrESifh EdkifiHwuma&muf 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;
tiftm;pkrsm;yl;aygif;I tem*wf ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
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em*pfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifh wdkif;&if;om; jynfolrsm;onf wef;wl&nfwl&SdjyD;
'Drdkua&pD tajccHvl@tcGifhta&;rsm; tjynfht0cHpm;&um +idrf;csrf;om,m0ajyma&;
ud k aqmif u sOf ; ay;rnh f ppf r S e f a omzuf ' &,f j ynf a xmif p k orwjref r mEd k i f i H
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wifjytyfygonf?
- 24 -

Ed l i f ; ,S O f c suf r sm;taejzif h
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aemuf c H t a=umif ; t&if ; tm; Ed _ i f ; ,S O f o H k ; oyf j cif ;

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1) zGJ@pnf;yHka&;qGJ&ef 1) ajAmiftm%m&Sif (ppf) 1) 'Drdkua&pDpepfay:xGef;a&;

jzpfay:vm&onfh tkyfcsKyfa&;jzifh qufvuf
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jynfaxmifpk wnfaqmufa&;
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2) tajccHrl a&;qGJolonf yGJrsm; t}udrf}udrf usif;yI aqG;
rnfoljzpf onfrod&ay? aEG;ndE_dif;jyD; a&;qGJ csrSwfcJhonf?
r&Sday?
2) atmufrS txufodk@
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ppftpdk;& wdk@rStajccHrl 3) tajccHrl (8)csufa&;qGJ
(6)csufudk csrSwfcJhonf? EdkifcJhonf?
(1993 ckESpf trsdK;om; 4) Armjynfvlxkw&yfvHk;.
nDvmcHtwGif; csrSwfjcif; tusdK;udkarSsmf rSef;I 'Drdkua&pDESifh
r[kwfay)
wdik ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k wef;wla&;
4) tajccHrlrsm;onf
udkOD;wnfaomtajccHrlrsm;
- 25 -

tm%m&Sifpepfudk
oufqdk;=um&Snfaponfh
rlrsm;jzpfonf?
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aumfrwDwGif yg0if aumfrwDudk etz
rSpdwf}udKuf a&G;cs,f
onfh tzGJ@0if OD;a&
cef@tyfayonf?
2) a&;qGJa&; aumfrwD
tzGJ@0if (54) a,mufjzifh
zGJ@pnf;onf?

jzpfonf?

1) EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;/ wdkif;&if;om;
vlrsdK;aygif;pHkyg0ifaom ESD;aESm
zvS,f yGJ}uD;rsm;rS a&G;cs,fjcif;
cH&aom udk,fpm; vS,frsm;ESihf
ynm&Sifrsm; tm;wm0efay;tyf
onf?
2) a&;qGJa&;aumfrwDtzGJ@0if
(16)a,mufjzifh zGJ@pnf;onf?
1) nDvmcHonf tcsdef 1) (3)ESpfom owfrSwfxm;onf?
4) tajccHOya'
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tm;jzifh (14)ESpf=um
a&;qG&J mwGif
onf?
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tcsdefumv
a&;qGJtwnf jyKEdkifcJhonf?
ckESpfxd =umjrifhonf?
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jyXgef;cGifhudk tmrcHaom twnffjyKcJhonf?
jynfe,f zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccH 5) jynfaxmifpk zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccH
Oya'rsm;udak &;qGcJ iG rhf &Sad y/ Oya'udk tajccHI jynfe,fr.
jynfaxmifpkzGJ@pnf;yHkwGif udk,fydkifjyXgef;cGifhudk tmrcHaom
waygi;f wnf;xnfo
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udk a&;qGJcGifh &Sdayonf?
azmfjyonf/
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1) jynfolvlxk
5) jynfolvlxk
yg0ifywfoufr_ ESifh yg0ifrSKvHk;0 ay;rxm;ay? t0vrf;zGifhay;xm;onf?
2) uef@owfwm;jrpfxm;aom
a&;qGpJ OfEikd if aH &; 2) 596 ck trdef@
Oya'jzifhydwfyifxm;onf? pnf;rsOf; Oya'rsm;vHk;0r&Sd
rdk;av0o
3) jynfwGif;rS vufvSrf;rSDor#
3) nDvmcH udk,fpm;
vS,frsm;onf etzrS yg0ifr_&Sdonf?
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rsm;wGif us,fjyef@pGmcH,lonf?
olrsm;jzpfonf?
4) nDvmcHusif;ypOfwGif
- 26 -

nDvmcHwiG ;f Yvnf;aumif;/ 5) vGwfajrmufe,fajrrsm;ESifh

jynfov
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tcef;ESifhyk'fraygif; t*Fvdyf/ jrefrmESpfbmom jrefrm ESpfbmomjzifh pmrsufem
jzifh pmrsufESmaygif; (388) (147) rsufESmyg&Sdonf?
2) tcef;vdkuf yk'fraygif; (204)ck
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2) yk'fraygif; (457)ckjzifh jzifh 'Drdkua&pDESifh wdkif;&if;om;
wif;=uyfonfh pnf;rsOf; tm;vHk; wef;wla&;udk tmrcH
onfh tajccHrS pkpnf;a&;om;
pnf;urf;rsm;tm;
azmfjyxm;onf?
pkpnf;a&;om;
azmfjyxm;onf?

- 27 -

tajccHrrl sm;tm; Edi_ ;f ,SOjf cif;

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1) jynfaxmifpkrjydKuGJa&;
2)wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDnw
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'Drdkua&pDpepf xGef;um;a&;
5) EdkifiHawmfY w&m;r#wjcif;/
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avmuygvw&m;rsm; ydkrdkxGef;um;a&;
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OD;aqmifr_ tcef;uwGif
wyfrawmfu yg0ifxrf;aqmifEdkifa&;

'Drdkua&pDESifh wdkif;&if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;rS
csrSwfaom tajccHrl (8)csuf
1) EdkifiHawmf. tcsKyftjcm tm%m
[lor#wdk@onf jynfolvlxkxHrSom
qif;oufap&rnf?
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&nfwltcGifhta&;&Sdap&rnf?
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4) udk,fydkifjyXgef;cGifhtjynfht0 &Sdaom
jynfe,frsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;onfh zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpkjzpf&rnf? jynfaxmifpk
vGwaf wmfwiG v
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5) jynfaxmifpk tzGJ@0ifjynfe,frsm;
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zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'wGiftwdtvif;
umuG,fjyXgef;ay;&rnf?
6) bmomt,l0g'/ tom;ta&mif/
vdifuGJjym; r_rsm;udk tajccHaom
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vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;/ 'Drdkua&pD tcGifh
ta&;rsm;udk umuG,fjyXmef; ay;&rnf?
7) bmoma&;udk tajcrcHaom
EdkifiHawmf jzpfap&rnf?
8) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwGif ygwDpHk
'Drdkua&pDpepfudk usifhoHk;ap&rnf?

- 28 -

1) tez. tajccHrl (6)csufwGif tajccHrl(4/ 5) onfomv#if tajccHrl jzpfonf

[kqdk&ayrnf? etz tajccHrl (4)onf zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;aumfrwD
('Dru
kd a&pDEiS hf wdik ;f &if;om;tiftm;pk)rSa&;qGcJ srw
S af om tajccHrl (8)ESifh tajccHrl
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aom 'Dru
kd a&pDpepfxeG ;f um;a&;qdo
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pepfEiS hf Edik if aH &;pepfrmS rudu
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2) tajccHrl (1/ 2/ 3)wdk@onf 0g'jzef@a=uG;a=umfoHrsm;omjzpfonf? tajccHrlrsm;
r[kwfay? tajccHrl(6)onf ppfwyftm%mwnfjrJa&;ESifh tcGifhxl;cHawmif;qdk
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vnf;r[kwfay? wdkif;jynfudpPt00tm; wyfrawmfrS0ifa&mufpGufzufEdkif&ef
awmif;qdka&;om; xm;aom Demand omyifjzpfonf?nDvmcHrScsrSwfxm;
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ajymrxm;ay? twdkuftcHtiftm;pkrSa&;qGJaomtajccHrl(8) csufwGifetz.
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xuf wdusr_&Sdonfudk awG@&rnfjzpfonf? xl;jcm;csufrsm;taejzifh tajccHrl
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bmoma&;qdkif&m ydQrsm; rjzpfyGm;a&;twGuf tmrcHcsufrsm;yifjzpffonf?
4) 'Drdkua&pDESifh wdkif;&if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;rS a&;qGJcsrSwfaom tajccHrlrsm;onf
Adv
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'Dru
kd a&pDEiS fh wdik ;f &if;om;wef;wla&;twGuf wdu
k yf 0JG ifaeaom Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;/
awmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm; vlrKS toif; tzG@J rsm;.bHo
k abmxm; pkpnf;csurf sm;
udktajccHI a&;qGJcsrSwfxm;jcif; jzpfayonf?
- 29 -

zG J @ pnf ; tk y f c sKyf y H k t ajccH O ya'. tES p f o m&tyk d i f ; tm; Ed _ i f ; ,S O f j cif ;

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tajccH O ya'
tajccH O ya'
1) tcef;(1) yk'fr(1)(2)
. qdk&if;t& jrefrmEdkifiH
onf vGwfvyfonfh
tcsKyftjcmydkifEdkifiH
jzpfa=umif;/ jynfaxmifpk
Edik if jH zpfa=umif;azmfjyxm;
aomfvnf; vufawG@t&
wjynfaxmifEdkifiHom
jzpfaeonf?
2) yk'fr(4)wGif
tcsKyftjcmtm%monf
Edik if o
H m;wd@k xrH q
S if;oufjy;D
EdkifiHw0ef;vHk;Ywnfonf
[kqdk&mwGif r&Sif;rvif;
- 30 -

1) tcef;(1)yk'fr (1)udkavhvm
v#ifyif vGwfvyfonfhEdkifiH/
tcsKyftjcmydkifonfh EdkifiH/
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkEdkifiH/
'Drdkua&pDenf;us a&G;aumuf
wifajrmufonfh pepf&dSonfh
EdkifiHjzpfa=umif;azmfjyxm;onf?
2) yk'fr(3)t& tcsKyf tjcm
tm%monf EdkifiHom;wdk@.
vuf0,fYom&dSa=umif;
wdwdusus azmfjyxm;ayonf?
3) tcsKyftjcm tm%mudk
cH,lusifhoHk;yHk/ tm%mcGJjcm;yHk/
rnfodk@ tm%mcGJa0usifhoHk;&rnf

jzpfaeonf?
udk wduspGmazmfjyxm;avonf?
3) tcsKyftjcmtm%m
usio
hf ;kH &mYvnf;aumif;/
tm%mcGaJ 0r_wiG f
vnf;aumif; wdus
jywfom;r_r&Sday?
1)
yk'fr (7)ESifh (39). 1) yk'fr (9).tqdkt& EdkifiHa&;
4) EdkifiHa&;pepfESihf
tqdkt& EdkifiHa&;pepf pepfonf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDudk
'Drdkua&pDudk
onf pnf;urf;jynfh0 usifhoHk;rnfjzpfa=umif; wdwdusus
tmrcHjcif;
aom 'Drdkua&pD[k
jyXgef;xm;onfhtjyif
qdx
k m;ojzifh wif;=uyf 'Drdkua&pDESihfqef@usifonfh
onfo
h abmaqmifonf vkyf&yfrsm;udk rvkyf&efESifh EdkifiHa&;
udkawG@&onf?
ygwDrsm;Oya'udk Oya'jyK
tb,fa=umifq
h akd omf vGwfawmfrSom jyXgef;oGm;&ef
pnf;urf;onf txufrS wdwdusus zGifhqdkxm;avonf?
atmufodk@ pD;qif;onfh 2) tcef;(2) yk'fr(14)/ yk'fr(24)
oabm aqmifonf?
t& vlwOD;csif;pDaomfvnf;
xdk@a=umifh ppfrSefI
aumif;/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;
pnf;urf; jynfh0aom aomfvnf;aumif; EdkifiHa&; t,l
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDqdkonf tqESifh ywfowfI vGwfvyfpGm
rSm ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pD vSKyf&Sm;EdkifonfhtwGuf
pepfudk qdkjcif;r[kwfbJ 'Drdkua&pDudk azmfaqmifEdkifay
4if;wdk@ csrSwfxm;aom onf? vlxkarSsmf rSef;aom
pnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;rsm; ppfrSefonfh 'Drdkua&pDbufodk@
t&om 'Drdkua&pDudk OD;wnfonf? tm%mudk
usifhoHk;Edkifay vdrfhrnf tvGJoHk;pm; rjyK&efESifh
jzpfonf? vlxkqESifh tm%m&Sif pepfray:aygufa&;
qef@usifbufjzpfonf? twGufom umuG,f
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; Oya'udk jyXgef;xm;onf?
rnfodk@jyXgef;&rnfudk
razmfjyxm;ay?
2) tcef; (1) yk'fr(38)/
- 31 -

1) 'Drdkua&pD
vlh@tcGifhta&;

tcef; (8) yk'fr

(354)t& vnf;aumif;/
tcef; (9) a&G;aumuf
wifajrmuf jcif;qdik &f mESihf
tcef;(10)yg
jyXgef;csufrsm;ESifh
wdu
k q
f ikd f =unfrh nfqv
kd #if
EdkifiHa&; ygwDrsm;udk
zGJ@pnf;yHkt&
wif;=uyfaom pnf;rsO;f
pnf;urf;rsm;jzifh
ydwyf ifxm;jcif;a=umifh
'Drdkua&pDudk
azmfaqmif&ef cufcJ
vSayonf?
3) yk'fr (26)t&
EdkifiHawmf0efxrf;rsm;
tm;vH;k onfEikd if aH &;
ygwDrsm;ESifh uif;&Sif;&rnf
[k qdkxm;jcif;rSm
'Drdkua&pDenf;t&
EdkifiHa&;&SifoefzGH@jzdK;a&;
twGufrjzpfEdkifay?
1) tcef; (1)/ yk'fr(21)rS 1)tcef;(2)yg jyXgef;csufrsm;t&
(37)jyXgef;csufrsm;
yk'fr (11)rS (47)txdwGif
t&aomfvnf;aumif;/ vltcGifhta&;ESifh ywfoufI vHk;0
tcef;(8)yk'fr (353)rS tmrcHcsufay;xm;onfudk awG@&
(368)xdjyXgef;csufrsm; onf? xdkr#rutxl;tcGifhta&;
t&vnf;aumif;/ yk'fr rsm;ESifh zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk
(383)/ rS (390)xdt& tajccHOya't& tumtuG,f
vnf;aumif;/ EdkifiHom; &,lydkifcGifhrsm;udk tmrcH ay;xm;
wd@k .tcGit
hf a&;qdo
k nfxuf onf?
- 32 -

wm0efrsm;uydkI
yd k I xl ; jcm;onf r S m tcef ; (3)
rsm;jym;onf?
yk'fr(53)t& vlenf;pkrsm;. tcGifh
tcGifhta&;wdkif;wGif
ta&;rsm;udkumuG,fxm;onf?
uef@owfxm;onf?
2) yk'rf (174) (175) t& ta&;ay:
2) EdkifiHawmfvHkjcHKa&;/
umvyif v #if tcG i f h t a&;ES i f h
jynfol@udk,fusifh
ywf o wf I aomf v nf ; aumif ; /
w&m;tvdk@iSg jyXgef;
txl;cHk&Hk;rsm; toHk;rjyKa&;twGuf
xm;aomOya'rsm;/
aomfvnf;aumif; tmrcHay;xm;
wnfqJOya'ESifhtnD
onf ? tjcm;rnf o nf h u ef @ owf
ponfhtuef@towfrsm; csufrsm; ryg0ifay?
yg&Sdojzifhazmfjyxm;aom 3) yk'fr (42)t& obm0 o,H
vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;rSm
ZmwypP n f ; rsm;yif v #if a'ocH
r&SdjzpfoGm;ayonf?
rsm;.oabmwlncD surf &Sb
d J tvGef
3) xdkr#ru yk'fr(40)/ tu|Hxkwf,loHk;pGJcGifhr&Sday/
(379)/ (381)/(382)ESifh
tcef;(11)/ yk'fr (414)
ygjyXgef;csufrsm;t&
ta&;ay:umvtcsdefwGif
uef@owfjcif;/&kwfodrf;
jcif;rsm;jyKEdkifojzifh vl@
tcGifhta&;udk vHk;0
tmrcHcsufr&Sda-umif;
awG@&rnfjzpfonf?
4) yk'fr (372)/ (374)rS
(379) ESifh(381)xd
jyXgef;csufrsm;onf vnf;
pD;yGm;a&;pepfudk
qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfay/
5) vlenf;pkrsm;.
tcGifhta&;udktmrcH
xm;csufrsm;ryg&dSay/
EdkifiHawmfrSvkyfcGifhay;rSom
- 33 -

&rnfjzpfonf?
6) yk'fr (20)t& wyfr
awmfrS wdkif;jynf
wckvHk;udkomru
jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;tm;
twif;t"rR vkyftm;ay;/
ay:wm/ uav;
ppfom;pkaqmif;
jcif;rsm;udk tcsdefra&G;
vkyfEdkifonf?
Tyk'rf jzift
h cGit
h f a&;tm;vH;k udk
&kyfodrf;oGm;onf[k
qdkEdkifonf?
7) yk'fr (37)t&
EdkifiHawmfrS av/ a&/
ajrtm;vHk;udkydkifqdkifojzifh
jynfolwdk@.
ypPnf;OpPmydkifqdkifcGifhrsm;
tcsdefra&G;qHk;&+H;oGm;
aprnf jzpfonf/
vlxkw&yfvHk;udkyg
pDrHaqmif&GufcGifh&Sdonf?
tcef;(1)Edik if aH wmftajccHrrl sm; 1) tajccHrl (2) (4) (5)ESifh
4) wdkif;&if;om;
(8)t& wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;rsm;.
vlrsdK;rsm;tcGifhta&; yk'fr(9) (13)t&
v$wfawmf wckpD&Sd wkdif; tcGifhta&;rsm;udk
a'o}uD;(7)cktm; jynf umuG,fjyXgef;xm;onf/
2) yk'fr (35)(36)t&
e,frsm;ESifh tqifhwl
wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;rsm;.
ay;xm;jcif;?
pmay,Ofaus;rSK/
yk ' f r (10)cG J x G u f
cGifhr&Sd[k jymef;xm;jcif;? bmompum;/ &dk;&m"avh
xHk;wrf;pOfvmrsm;udk tmrcHI
yk ' f r (22) t&
azmfxkwfcGifh jyKxm;onf/
wdkif;&if;om; pmay/
- 34 -

,Ofaus;rSKrsm;/ &dk;&m
3) yk'fr (42)t& obm0
"avhxHk;wrf;pOfvmrsm;ESifh ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m
ywfowfIvnf;aumif; xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufcGifh/ cHpm;cGifh
Edik if aH wmfrS
rsm;&dSonfhtjyif yk'fr (44)ESifh
ulnDaqmif&Guf
(45)t& jynfwGif;Yjzpfap jynfyY
rnf[kqdkjcif;
jzpfap tcGifhta&;rsm;
yk ' f r (40)t&
csdK;azmufcH&ygu tajccH Oya'ESifh
ta&;ay: tajctaewGif zuf'&,f jynfaxmifpk.
EdkifiHawmf orw/
tumuG,fudk &,lEdkifonf?
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfESifh
wyfrawmfrS wdkif; (odk@) tcef;(3) EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;
jynfe,f (odk@) udk,fydkif wnfaqmufyHk
tkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpkwdk@. 1) yk'fr (48) (49)t&
tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m
wdkif;&if;om; jynfe,frsm;jzifh
tcGifhtm%mudk oHk;qGJjcif; zGJ@pnf;xm;a=umif;
yk'fr (45)t& obm0 twdtvif;azmfjyxm;jyD;
oH,ZH mwrsm;udEk ikd if aH wmfrS wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;.
om xdef;odrf;
udk,fydkifjyXgef;cGifhudk yk'fr (50)
apmifah &SmufciG hf
(51) wdk@jzifh tjynfht0
tm%m&Sjd cif;?
tmrcHxm;onf?
tkyfcsKyfa&;/ Oya'jyKa&;/
tcef;(2)
w&m;pD&ifa&; udpPrsm; udk
Edik if aH wmfz@JpG nf;wnfaqmufyk H jynfaxmifpktpdk;&
yk'fr(49) jynfe,feJ@ vufatmufrSzGJ@pnf;yHkt&
tqifhwl wdkif;a'o}uD; uif;vGwfcGifh&Sdayonf?
(7)ckxm;jcif;?
2) yk'fr (53) (55) (56)rsm;t&
yk ' f r (55)
vlenf;pkrsm;. tcGifhta&;rsm;udk
jynfe,fu,
kd yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfa&; umuG,fjyXgef;xm;onfh tjyif
pD&ifpk trnfajymif;&mrSm jynfe,fopfrsm; zGJ@pnf;
oufqdkif&mv$wfawmf
cGifhudkvnf;
tcef;u rygjcif;?
cGifhjyKxm;ayonf/
yk ' f r (50c)
- 35 -

b,fe,fajrudk rqdk
tcef; (4) Oya'jyKa&;
orwwdkufdkuf
1) yk'fr (51) (52) (59)t&
tkyfcsKyfwJh
=uGif;usef tm%mudkjynfaxmifpk
jynfaxmifpke,fajrtjzpf ppfppfrlt& jynfe,frsm;odk@
}udKufovdk
ay;tyfxm;onf?
owfrSwfEdkifjcif;?
jynfaxmifpktm;
yk ' f r (52C)(53)
tm%muef@owfonfh
jynfe,f/ e,fedrdwf
pepfudkusifhoHk;xm;onf?
owfrSwf&mrSm
2) tkyfcsKyfa&;/ Oya'jyKa&;/
jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf w&m;pD&ifa&; udpPtm;vHk;udk
twnfjyKcsufvdkjcif;?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
yk'fr (53) (54)t& zGJ@pnf;yHkESifh tnD
wdkif;(odk@) jynfe,f
pdwf}udKufa&;qGJxm;aom
e,fedrdwfrsm;
jynfe,f zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk
owfrSwf&ef vdktyfygu tajccHOya't& rdrdwdk@
A[dktpdk;&. cGifhjyKcsufudk "avhxHk;wrf;tpOfvmrsm;
,l&jcif;?
twdkif; vGwfvyfpGm
yk ' f r (56)t&
pDrHaqmif&GufcGifh&Sdonf?
udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfcGifh&
a'orsm;udk yk'fr(196) tcef; (12)
t& tcGifhtm%mrsm;rSm taxGaxGjyXgef;csufrsm;
yk'fr (40) (54) (99)t& 1) yk'fr (138)t&
rnfonfh tcGifhtm%mrSs &kH;oHk;bmompum; taejzifh
r&Sdawmhjcif;?
ArmESifh t*Fvdyf ESpfbmomtm;
owfrSwfxm;onfhtjyif
tcef;(4) Oya'jyKa&;
oufqdkif&m tzGJ@0if
yk ' f r (96) (254)t& jynfe,frsm;wGifvnf;
jynfe,fOya'jyK
rdrdwdk@wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;.
tm%mydik ;f rSm
bmompum;rsm;udk
ta&;rygwJh
toHk;jyKcGifhay;xm;onf?
tm%mrsm;om&Sdjcif;/
2) yk'fr (195)t&
jynfe,frsm;.
Xmaewdkif;&if;om;wdk@.
- 36 -

tm%mrsm;udk
uef@owfcH&jcif; (Oyrm owif;pmxkwfcGifh/
&kyfjrifoH=um;
xlaxmifcGifhr&Sd)
yk ' f r (98)t&
=uGif;usef
tm%mrsm;udAk [drk ,
S x
l m;jcif;?
yk ' f r (99)t&
ay;xm;onfh
Oya'jyKtm%mrsm;r&Sad wmhjcif;
yk'fr(115) (147)
vdktyfrSom wkdif;&if;om;
vlrsKd;rsm;ta&;
v$wfawmfaumfrwDudk
umvowfrSwf
zGJ@pnf;cGifh&Sdjcif;/

ajr,mydkifqdkcGifhudk tmrcHay;xm;
onf?
3) yk'fr (54)t& jynfe,f&J/
vHkjcHKa&;ESihf e,fjcm;apmihf
wyfzGJ@rsm;udk zGJ@pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'ESifhtnD
zGJ@pnf;cGifh&Sdonf/
txufyg ta=umif;
t&mrsm;udk oHk;oyfqif
jcifjcif;jzifh wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;
toD;oD;. bmompum;/ pmay
,Ofaus;rSKESihf &dk;&m"avh rsm;
vGwfvyfpGm vkyfaqmifcGifh &Sdjcif;/
wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK; toD;oD;.
udk,fydkif jyXgef;cGifhudktjynfht0
tmrcHcsuf&Sdjcif; zGJ@pnf;
tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya't&
jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.
tcef;(5) tkyfcsKyfa&;
vufatmufcHomjzpfjcif;
yk ' f r (202) (232p)
wdk@a=umihf ppfrSefaomzuf'&,f
vlrsKd;pka&;&m0ef}uD;
jynfaxmifpkpepfudk tajccH
odk@r[kwf jynfe,fa&;&m xm;a=umif; ay:vGefvSayonf/
0ef}uD; rxm;jcif;/
yk ' f r (225) (226)
(248) A[dktpdk;&u
jynfe,fa&;&mrSm
pGufzufcGifh&Sdjcif;/
jynfe,ftpdk;&
rsm;taejzifh
&mxm;rwnfjrJEdkifjcif;/
yk ' f r (261c/ *)
jynfe,f0ef}uD;csKyfudk
- 37 -

(jynfe,f trwfrsm;xJrS)
orwua&G;cs,cf ef@tyfjcif;/
yk ' f r (262X)
jynfe,f0ef}uD;csKyf?
jynfe,f0ef}uD;rsm;u
orwudkwm0efcH&jcif;/
yk ' f r (264c1)
orwu
jynfe,f0ef}uD;csKyf0ef}uD;
rsm;udk xkwfEdkifjcif;/
yk'fr(260) (283)
axGtkyfOD;pD;r;rsm;rSm
jynfe,f tpdk;&tzGJ@/
udk,fydkif
tkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;tzGJ@
twGif;a&;r;jzpfjcif;/
(276)t&
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyf cGifh&a'o
OD;pD;tzGJ@rsm;wGif
wyfrawmfom; (25)
&mcdkifESKef;pD yg&Sdjcif;
tcef;(6) w&m;pD&ifa&;
yk ' f r (308c)jynf e ,f
w&m;ol}uD;csKyfeJ@
jynfe,fw&m;
ol}uD;rsm;udk
orwu cef@Edkifjcif;/
yk'fr(311c)
jynfe,fw&m;ol}uD;csKyf
eJ@ w&m;ol}uD;rsm;udk
orwu
- 38 -

pGJcsufwifjzKwfcsEdkifjcif;/
tcef;(15) taxGaxG
jymef;csufrsm;
yk ' f r (22)? (354)
(365)(450)
Armpmudk Hk;oHk;
pmowfrSwfjcif;?
tjcm;rnfonfh
bmomudkrSs
&Hk;oHk;bmompmtjzpf
cGifhjyKray;xm;jcif;
txufygta=umif;udprP sm;udk
oH;k oyfqifjcifjcif;jzifh
wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;
toD;oD;. bmompum;/
pmay,Ofaus;rSKESifh
&dk;&m"avhrsm;
vGwfvyfpGmvkyfjcif;
cGifhr&Sdjcif;/ udk,fydkif
jyXgef;cGifh tjynfht0
tmrcHcsuf vHk;0 r&Sdjcif;/
A[dktpdk;&. tkyfpD;cHrsm;
jzpfaea=umif; etz.
zGJ@pnf;yHkonf tm%m
udkA[dkrS wif;=uyfpGm
csKyfudkifvGef;onfh
wpfjynfaxmifpepfudk
tajccHxm; a=umif;
ay:vGefvSayonf/
5) EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf; 1) tcef; (1) yk'fr(8)/ 1) tcef;(1)yk'fr(1)/ (2)/ (48)ESifh
wnfaqmufyHk
(9)ESifh
yk'fr (49)t&
(13)t&vnf;aumif;/
(10)jynfe,frljzifhjynfe,f
- 39 -

tcef;(2) yk'fr (49)/ (51)

t& wdkif; (7)wdkif;/
jynfe,f (7) jynfe,fjzifh
1974 ckESpfuJhodk@
EdkifiHawmfudk zGJ@pnf;
xm;jyD; tqifhwl
owfrSwfojzihf
wef;wlnDr#r_udk
xdcdkufEdkifonf?
txl;ojzifh
tcef;(5)yk'fr (249) rS
(259)yg jyXgef;csuf
rsm;t& Z,m;(2) wGif
azmfjyxm;onfv
h yk yf ik d cf iG rh f sm;rSm
r&Sdawmhjcif;/ txufrS
atmufodk@ tm%m
a'gifvdkuf pD;qif;aejcif;/
yk'fr (199) (225)/ (226)
(248) (261)rS (273)yg
jyXgef;csufrsm;t&
tkyfcsKyfa&;udpPrsm;wGif
A[dkrS 0ifa&muf pGufzuf
Edkifjcif;/ tcef;(11)
yk'fr(411)/ ta&;ay:
tajctaeY jynfe,f.
tkyfcsKyfa&;tm; 0ifa&muf
pGufzufEdkifjcif;wdk@a=umifh
twkta,mif
jynfaxmifpkomjzpf
avonf?
2) yk'fr (56)t&
udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o
- 40 -

rsm;jzifhomzGJ@pnf;xm;jcif;/
yk'fr(50)t& tzGJ@0if
jynfe,frsm;udk oD;oef@ zGJ@pnf;yHk
a&;qGJcGifh jyKxm;jcif;/ jynfe,f
tm;vHk; tqifhwl ay;xm;ojzifh
wef;wla&; udkazmf
aqmifEikd o
f nf?
2) yk'fr (51)/ (52)/ (59)/ (108)
ESihf (109)t& jynfe,frsm;.
tcGifh tm%mrsm;udk wduspGm
jyXgef;xm;jcif;/ yk'fr(104) rS
(107)xdjynfaxmifpkESifh
xyfwljyKEdkifonfh
tcGifhtm%mrsm;udk wduspGm
cGJa0jyXmef;xm; ojzifh
jynfaxmifpk ppf ppfjzpfaponf?
tm%m cJGa0r_t& jynfaxmifpk
tpdk;& vGefuJpGm xdef;csKyfr_
atmufrS uif;vGwfcGifh&onf?
3) rnfonfh ta&;ay:
tajctaewGif jynfaxmifpk
tpdk;&rS jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;
udpPrsm;wGif 0ifa&muf
pGufzufydkifcGifhr&Sday?
4) yk'fr(53)/ (55)ESihf (56) t&
jynfe,fopfrsm;zGJ@pnf;&ef
awmif;qdkcGifhESifh zGJ@pnf;cGifhrsm;udk
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(6)ckudk zGJ@pnf;xm;aomf
vnf; Z,m; (3)yg azmfjy
csurf sm;rSmrnfonfv
h yk yf ikd cf iG hf
tm%mrsm;rSr&Sdonfh
tjyif tcef;(11)yk'fr
(418) t& ta&;ay:
tajctaewGif
tkycf sKyaf &;udprP sm;ud0k ifa&muf
pGufzufjcif; jyKEdkifojzifh
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&
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rSmvnf; tESpfom&
r&Sday?
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zGJ@pnf;cGifhrsm;udk
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8)t& jynfe,frsm;.
zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH
Oya'udk jynfaxmifpk
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Oya'twGif; xnfhoGif;
a&;qGJxm;ojzifh tzGJ@0if
jynfe,frsm;. udk,fydkifjy
Xgef;cGifhudktmrcHaom oD;
oef@zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccH
Oya'a&;qGaJ zmfjycGirhf &Sjd cif;/
5) tpdk;&zGJpnf;yHkESihf 1) tcef;(1)yk'fr(16)t& 1)tcef;(6)jyXgef;xm;csuf
4if;wdk@.tkyfcsKyfa&; vnf;aumif;/ tcef;(3)ESifh t&orwonfEdkifiHawmf
tcef;(5)t&vnf;aumif; t}uD;tuJ(0g)EdkifiHOD;ao#mif
tm%mrsm;
ArmjynftajctaeESifh omjzpfonf? oifhawmf
- 41 -

vHk;0 udkufnDjcif;r&Sdonfh onfhvkyfydkifcGifh tm%mrS

orwpepfjzihf zGJ@pnf;xm; tyay;xm;aomtm%m
onf? orwonf Edik if H xufydkIausmfvGef oHk;pGJcGifh
awmft}uD;tuJjzpfouJo
h @kd r&Sday?
tpdk;& t}uD;tuJvnf; 2)tcef;(7)jyXgef;csufrsm; t&
jzpfonf? yk'fr(7)yg EdkifiH 0ef}uD;csKyfonf EdkifiHawmf
a&;pepfEiS v
hf nf;rudu
k n
f aD y? tpdk;&jzpfonf? yk'fr(126)t&
Armjynfv@l tzG@J tpnf;tajc t,Hkt=unf r&Sdygu
taeESifhvnf;rudkufnDay? 0ef}uD;csKyftm; jynfaxmifpk
2) orwtm; a&G;cs,f v$wfawmfrS rJcGJI
wifajrmuf&mwGif tcef; jzKwfcsEdkifonf?
(3) yk'fr (60)t& txuf 3) jynfaxmifpk tpdk;&
v$wfawmfrS 'korw
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avmif;wpfOD;/ atmuf wGifvnf; vGwfawmf/
v$wfawmfrSwpfOD;ESifh
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh
ppfom;wpfrwfom;rS
EdkifiHOD;ao#mifwdk@aygif;I
wpfOD;/ aygif;(3)OD;xJrS
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a&G;cs,f&rnfjzpf&m
(126)ESifh (138)/ xif&Sm; onfh
orwvkyfolonf yk'fr jypfrusL;vGefrSom vGwfawmf/
(59)t& ppfa&;tjrif
w&m;&Hk;rsm;rS jzKwfcsEdkifonf?
&Sd&rnf[k azmfjyxm;jcif; 4) tcef;(4/ 7/ 8)t& txufyg
jzifh orwonf t&yf udpPrsm; tyg t0if EdkifiHawmf.
om;rjzpfEdkifay?
tcsKyftjcm tm%moHk;&yfudk
3) tcef;(2)yk'fr(52)/ cJjGcm;xm;jyD; tjyeftvSef
(53)/(54)t& jynfe,f xdef;a=umif;onfhpepfudk
rsm;udpPtm; vnf;aumif;/ usifhoHk;xm;onfudkawG@&onf?
tcef; (4)yk'fr(103)rS
(108)xd jyXgef;xm;
csufrsm;t& bma&;
qdkif&mudpPrsm;wGif 0if
a&muf pGufzufEdkifjcif;/
wyfrawmfom;rsm;u
- 42 -

t"duusjcif;/ tcef;(5)
yg jyXgef;csufrsm;t&
tpdk;&rsm; udk cef@tyfjcif;/
jzKwfcsjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf
Edkifjcif;/ wm0efay;tyf
Edkifjcif;/wm0efrS
&kwfodrf;Edkifjcif;
4) yk'fr(262)t&
jynfe,f0ef=uD;rsm;
cef@tyf&mtwGufvnf;
A[dkrScsKyfudkifxm;ojzifh
wdkif; (odk@) jynfe,f
tkyfcsKyfa&;udk
0ifa&mufpGufzufEdkifjcif;
5) tcef;(6)yk'fr
(299)ESifh (302) t&
w&m;ol}uD;rsm;udk cef@Edkif
jzKwfEdkifjcif;/
tcef;(11) ta&;ay:tajc
taewGif vkyfydkifcGifh
tm%m tvGeftu|H
ay;xm;jcif;/ ydkI
pdk;0g;onfrSm
yk'fr(432)t&
orwvkyfor#udk
ta&;,l tjypfay;
EdkifpGrf;r&Sdjcif; wdk@a=umihf
wjynfaxmif pepf
jzpfa=umif;ay:vGefaponf/
6) tcsKyftjcmtm%m
oHk;&yfvHk;wGif
0ifa&mufpGufzufydkifcGifh
- 43 -

&Sdaeonfudk awG@&onf?
7) yk'fr (58)t&
Edik if aH wmf orwonf
tcsKyftjcm tvHk;pkH
udkydkifqdkifonf? zGJ@pnf;
tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH
Oy'xufwGif&Sd
aeonf?
8) yk'fr (201)t&
trsdK;om; aumfa&;ESifh
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EdkifiHawmf. tkyfcsKyfa&;/
Oya'jyKa&;ESifh wdkif;(odk@)
jynfe,frsm;.
tkyfcsKyfa&;udpPrsm;wGif
tjrifhqkH; tm%m
&dSjyefygonf/
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v$wfawmf
zGJ@pnf;jcif;
v$wfawmf
tcef;(4)yk'rf tcef;(4)yk'fr tcef;(4) tcef;(4) yk'fr
(74)ESi(fh 141) (74) ESihf (109) yk'fr (71) (82)/ (83) t&
yg jyXgef;csuf t& jyXgef;csuf t&jynfe,f rJqENe,f
rsm;t&
owfrSwfr_ay:wGif
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wdik ;f
trwfaygif;
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a'o}uD;ESifh (440) &Sd&mwGif (6)OD;us v$wfawmftrwf
jynfe,frsm;rS t&yfom; (330) tcsdK;nD OD;a&owfrSwf
ud,
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f nf? rxm;ay?
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apvGw&f mwGif (110)OD;yg0ifonf?
a&G;aumuf
t&yfom;
wifajrmuf
ud,
k pf m;vS,f
&rnfjzpfonf?
- 44 -

165ESifh
ppfwyfrS
56OD; aygif;
(224)OD;&Sd
onf?
tcef;(2)yk'rf
yk'fr (109)ESifh(141)yg
jyXgef;csufrsm;t& v$wfawmf (37)azmfjy
ESpf&yfvHk;wGif wyfrawmfom; csuft&
25 &mcdkifE_ef;onf 'Drdkua&pD trsdK;orD;
(30)&mcdik Ef e_ ;f
enf;vrf;us r[kwfbJ
onfyif
umuG,fa&; ppfOD;pD;csKyfrS
a&G;aumufwifajrmufrnf[k a&G;aumufyJG
tm;jzwfoef;
azmfjyxm;onf?
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yk'fr (13)t& wdkif; (odk@)
jynfe,frsm;wGif v$wfawmf onf? ppf
wpf&yfpDxm;&Sda=umif; azmfjy wyfrSudk,f
xm;onfomru yk'fr (161) pm;vS,f
t& jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf rsm;rygay?
wckwnf;wGif omru wdkif; oufqikd f
(odk@) jynfe,f v$wfawmfrsm; &mjynf
wGifvnf; wyfrawmfom; 25 e,frSo
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aumufwif
ajrmufjcif;cHol
rsm;om jzpf
Edkifonf?
tcef; (4)yk'fr(64)/ (78)/
6) rJay;qHk;jzwfjcif; tcef;(4)yk'fr(85)/ (86)/
(95)/ (105) t&vnf;aumif;/ (90)/ (107)/
1) v$wfawmf wpf&yfjcif;
yk'fr (139)/(159)
pDwiG f rJcaGJ y;onf?
t&vnf;aumif;/
1) v$wfawmfESpf&yfaygif; rJay; 2) jynfe,frsm;. tcGifh
ta&;udk tmrcHay;xm;
&onf? ,if;pepfrsdK;onf
- 45 -

onf?
urBmay:wGifr&Sday?
2) jynfe,frsm;.tcGifhta&; 3)v$wfawmfESpf&yfwef;wl
vHk;0 r&Sda=umif; awG@&onf? xm;ojzifh wef;wla&;udk
f nf?
v$wfawmf ESpf&yfaygif; rJcJGygu azmfaqmifEikd o
v$wfawmfw&yf pepfomESifh
xl;rjcm;em;ay?
3)trsm;pkrJjzifhEdkifonfqdkonfh
twGuf txufv$wfawmf
twGuf tcGifhta&;r&Sday?
4) twnfjyK&ef tjcm;aom
Oya'rsm;vnf;jyXgef;Edkif
ojzifh &_yfaxG;vSonf/ wef;wl
nDr#r_udk vHk;0 azmfaqmifEdkif
rnfr[kwfa=umif;awG@&onf?
7) Oya'jyKa&;
udpP&yf

1) tcef;(4)yk'fr(96)t&
1) jynfaxmifpk Oya'jyK
Z,m;(1)wGif jynfaxmifpk tm%mudkavhvm=unfhrnf
Oya'jyKtm%mESifh
qdkv#if tcef;(5)yk'fr (103)
ywfoufI u}uD;
t& uaygif; (10)cjkzihf
(11)ckazmfjyxm;csufrSm
wdwdusus azmfjyxm;jcif;rSm
rsm;jym;vGef;vSonf?2) yk'fr rSefuef
(97)rS(99)xdjyXgef;csufrsm;rSm oifhav#mfonfhtm%m
wdkif;a'o}uD; (odk@) jynfe,f rsm;jzpfa=umif;awG@Edkifonf?
(odk@) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&
2) tcef;(1)yk'fr(6)t&
a'orsm;. aemufqufwGJ vnf;aumif;/ yk'fr (108)
Z,m;yg Z,m;(2)ESifh (3)wdk@. t& jynfe,frsm;. Oya'jyK
vkyfydkifcGifhudk
tm%mudk
0ifa&mufpGufzuf I
wdwdususazmfjyxm;
&Edkifonfhtajctaetm;
onfhtjyif yk'fr(104) t&
zefwD;ay;xm;jyefonf?
jynfaxmifpkESifh
3) yk'fr (98)azmfjycsuft& jynfe,frsm;ESpfOD;ESpfbuf
vnf; A[dkrS
usihfoHk;Edkifonfh tm%m (0g)
=uGif;useftm%mtm;
xyfwljyKtm%myg
- 46 -

,lxm;jyefonf?
ay;xm;onf?
4) yk'fr (95)t& tcsuf
3) txl;ojzifh yk'fr(108)
tvufrsm;rSm txuf
t&zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$wfawmfY tm%mr&Sday? ppfppfrl twdkif; =uGif;usef
odk@jzpfI wdkif;a'o}uD;yif
tm%mudk tzGJ@0if
aomfvnf;aumif;/ jynfe,f jynfe,frsm;odk@ ay;tyf
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4) Oya'jyK&mY jynfaxmifpk
a'oyifv#ifvnf;aumif;
tpdk;&ESifh
A[dktpdk;&. tkyfpD;cHjzpfoGm; jynfe,ftpdk;&rsm;jy\em
ayonf?
jzpfv#if yk'fr (105)rS
5) etzwdk@. zGJ@pnf;yHkwGif (10&)xd vnf;aumif;/
xyfwljyKtm%mryg&Sday?
yk'f(109)t&vnf;aumif;
6) Oya'jyK&mY jy\emjzpf rnfodk@ rnfyHkajz&Sif;
v#if rnfonfhae&mwGif
=u&rnfudk &Sif;vif;pGm
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azmfjyrxm;ay?
5) +cHKiHkoHk;oyfjcif;jzifh
7) +cHKiHkoHk;oyfjcif;jzifh
jynfaxmifpkppfppfjzpfa=umif;
wjynfaxmif
awG@&onf?
pepfjzpfa=umif; awG@&Sd&onf?
8) w&m;pD&if;a&; 1) tcef; (6) yk'fr/ (293)ESifh 1) zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccH
(319) t& ppfcHk&Hk;jzifh w&m; Oya't& w&m;&Hk;rsm;
rdKif
pD&ifjcif;udk cGihfjyKxm;onf? zGJ@pnf;xlaxmif&mwGif
2) yk'fr(294)t&tjrihfqHk; ppfcHk&Hk;rsm;udkvHk;0
w&m;&Hk;rSm jynfaxmifpk
xlaxmifcGifh r&Sday?
w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfjzpfjyD;
EdkifiHawmfta&;ay:umv
yk'fr (294) ESifh (343) t& tcsdefyifv#ifyk'fr(174)t&
wyfrawmfom;ESit
hf &yfom;rsm; txl;cHk&Hk;rsm;zGJ@pnf;jcif;/
jzpfonfh jy\emwGif
ppfcHk&Hk;rsm;jzifhw&m;
w&m;pD&ifcGifhtm%mr&Sday? pD&ifa&;udkcGifhrjyKay?
3) yk'fr (299)/ (311)/ (327) 2) yk'fr(134)t& zGJ@pnf;yHk
yk'fr(302)(344) t&
tajccHOya'w&m;&Hk;
- 47 -

w&m;ol}uD;rsm;. &mxl;ESifh
oufwrf;rSm rwnfjrJEdkifay?
ta=umif;rSm EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS
cef@tyfjcif;ESifh tcsdefra&G;
jzKwfcsEdkifjcif;a=umifh jzpfonf?
xdk@tjyif EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&rS
ta&;,lcdkif;v#if jiif;Ir&Edkif
onfh jyXgef;csufrsm;yg&Sdojzifh
vGwfvyfonfh w&m;pD&ifa&;
rjzpfEdkifay?
4) (308)(311) t&vnf; wdkif;
(odk@)jynfe,fw&m; ol}uD;rsm;
udk jynfawmifpk orwESifh
jynfe,fw&m;ol}uD;rsm;jzifh
ndSEdkSif;cef@tyfjcif;rsm; jyKEdkif
ojzifh w&m;pD&ifa&;rdKifrSm
wnfjrJrSKr&SdEdkifay?
5) yk'fr (320)t& EdkifiHawmf
zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'
qdkif&mcHk&Hk;udk xlaxmifxm;
aomfvnf; yk'fr (322)/ (323)
wdk@t& vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;rSm yk'fr
(325)t& rnfonfhtm%mr#
r&SdjzpfoGm;avonf/
6) yk'fr(19)/ (446)/ (447) wdk@
t& vuf&Sdrw&m;ojzifh tkyf
csKyfaeaom vuf&SdwnfqJ Oy
a'rsm;onfvnf;ojzifh quf
vuf wnf&Sdaernf jzpfojzifh
w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&; ESifh vGwf
vyfjyD; w&m;r#wonfh w&m;
pD&ifa&; rdKif rjzpfEdkifay?
- 48 -

xm;&Sdonfhtjyif w&m;
pD&ifcGifh tm%mudkvnf;
wdwdusus owfrSwf
jyXgef;xm;onf? zGJ@pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'qdkif&m w&m;
&Hk;onf zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccH
Oya'ESihf oufqdkifaom
udpP&yfrsm;udk txl; ajz&Sif;
&efxm;&Sdonf?
3) yk'fr(135)t&
tjrifhqHk;w&m;&Hk;onf
z,f'&,fjynfaxmifpk
w&m;vGwfawmfcsKyf jzpfjyD;
,if;pD&ifydkifcGifh tm%m
udkvnf; yk'fr (46)
(103)(140)jzifh wdwd
ususjyXgef;xm;onf?
4) w&m;ol}uD;rsm;
cef@tyf&mwGifvnf;
vGwfvyfr&Sdonfhtjyifyk'fr
(142)t& vnf;aumif;/
jynfaxmifpktpdk;&rS
0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;
rjyKEdkif&efESifh yk'fr (145)
t& w&m;ol}uD;wdk@ w&m;
pD&ifa&;vGwfvyfcGifh/ ae&m
wnfjrJcGifhwdk@udktmrcH
xm;avonf? xdk@tjyif
yk'fr(5)t& vnf;aumif;/
w&m;ol}uD; rsm; t*wd
w&m;rvdkuf pm;Edkifa&;
twGuf tjyef tvSef

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tajctae

xdef;ndSonfh
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5) yk'fr (132)t&
vGwfvyfI w&m;r#w
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rsm;onf rnfol@udkr#
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jynfe,fwGifvnf;w&m;&Hk;
rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm
wnfaxmif
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1) tcef;(11)yk'fr (410)rS
1) tcef;(11) yk'fr(169) t&
(412)ESifh (417)wdk@t& orw jynfy tE W&m,f/
ESifh EdkifiHawmfvHkjcHKa&;aumifpD jynfwGif;at;csrf;r_udkvHk;0
tm; ta&;ay: a=unmcGifh
xdcdkufonfh tajctae/
ay;xm;onf/
obm0ab;tE W&m,f
2) yk'fr(412)/ (417)t&
usa&mufjcif;udpPrsm;Yom
cdkifvHkaom ta=umif;jycsuf ta&;ay:a=unmEdkifonf[k
r&SdbJ ta&;ay:tajc taeudk wduspGm jyXgef;xm;onf?
a=unmEdkifavonf? jynfy 2) yk'fr(171)jzifhta&;ay:
tE W&m,fESifh obm0ab;
a=unmonfh oufwrf;
tE W&m,fudpPrsm;ryg? 4if;wdk@ umvrsm;udkvnf;ta=umif;
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xm;?
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t& ta&;ay: oufwrf;udk 3) yk'fr(162)/ (170)t&
- 49 -

tenf;qHk; (2)ESpfxd owfrSwf a=unmcGifhESifh vkyfydkifcGifh tm;

xm; avonf?
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jcif;/ qHk;jzwfjcif;/ zsufodrf;jcif; a=ujimcsufudk twnfjyK/
tm%monf v$wfawmfY&Sday? rjyKESifh zsufodrf;cGifh
6) yk'fr(410)ESifh(411)t&wdkif; tm%mtm;jynfaxmifpk
(odk@)jynfe,frsm;.tkyfcsKyfa&; v$wfawmfESifhzGJpnf;yHkqdkif&m
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ojzifh wdkif;(odk@)jynfe,frsm;. 6) yk'fr(175)t&
udk,fydkifjyXgef;cGifhudk
,if;umvtwGif; jynfol
t}uD;tus,fxdcdkufayonf? vlxk. tcGifhta&;udk tmrcH
7) yk'fr(427)t& ta&;ay: ay;xm;onf?
umv twGif; txl;ppfcHk&Hk; 7) yk'fr(174)t&
rsm;jzifh w&m;pD&ifa&;udk
ta&;ay:umvwGif;
cGifhjyKxm;jyD; yk'fr(432) t& ppfcHk&Hk;rsm;udk cGifhrjyKbJ
ta&;ay:umvtwGif; tpdk;& w&m;&Hk;ESifh w&m;ol}uD;
(odk@) ppfwyfvkyfor#tm;
rsm;tm; pD&ifcGifh tm%m
ta&;r,lEdkifay?
ay;xm;avonf? yk'fr(172)
8) tcef;(11)yg jyXgef;csufrsm; t& ta&;ay:
onf ta&;ay:umvwGif
umvtwGif;vufeufudkif
orwESifh umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf wyfrsm;toHk;jyKjcif;udkvnf;
wdk@ tm;ay;xm;onfh
uef@owfxm;ojzifh
tm%mrsm;rSm wdkif;jynf. 'Drdkua&pDESifhvl@tcGifhta&;
tm%mtm; rw&m;ojzifh udktmrcHcsufay;xm;onf?
odrf;ydkufcGifhjyKxm;jcif;jzpf
a=umif; oHk;oyfEdkifonf?
- 50 -

10) vufeufuikd f 1) tcef;(1)yk'fr(6)t&

1) tcef;(10) yk'fr(156)
wyfudpP
wyfrawmfuEdkifiHa&;wGif yg0if jyXgef;csuft&EdkifiHawmftm;
aqmif&GufcGifh&Sdaeonf?
umuG,f&eftwGufom
2) tcef;(7)yk'fr(337)rS (339) jzpfjyD; yk'fr(157)/ (158) t&
jyXgef;csufrsm;t& wyfrawmf wyfrawmf.
onfwckwnf;aomwyfrawmf udpP&yfrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf
rSty tjcm;rnfonfh
jynfaxmifpkvGwfawmfrS
vufeufudkif wyfr#cGifhrjyKay? pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;/
3) yk'fr (412)/ yk'fr(341)/
Oya'rsm;udkjyXgef;&onf?
(413)/ (418)/ (419)t&
2) yk'fr(159) jyXgef;csuf t&
ta&;ay: umvwGif ppfwyf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf onfyif
tm; tm%modrf;cGifh zGJ@pnf;yHk t&yfbufrS vm&rnfjzpfjyD;
t& w&m;0ifay;xm;onfh yk'fr(161) t& wyfrawmfudk
tjyif yk'fr(417)t&vnf; t&yfbufrSatmufwGif
csdefumvtm;jzifh tenf;qHk; xm;jyD; yk'fr (164)t&
(2)ESpftxd ppftkyfcsKyfa&;jzifh ppfwuUodkvfausmif;rsm; wGif
wdkif;jynftm; tkyfcsKyf&ef cGifhjyK wyfrawmfom;rsm;udk
xm;avonf?
'Drdkua&pDESifhvl@tcGifhta&;
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wyfrawmfta&;tm; rnfolrSs ynmay;r_rsm;udkay;&rnf[k
0ifa&muf pGufzufydkifcGifh
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r&Sday?
3) wyfrawmfom;rsm; onf
wyfrawmfa&;&mudpPrsm;ESifh EdkifiHh0efxrf;jzpfonfh twGuf
ywfoufor#tm;vHk;udk
EdkifiHa&;t&
wyfrawmfuom vkyfaqmif oD;oef@awmif;qdkcsufudk
oGm;&ef vrf;nGef
vHk;0cGifhray;xm;ay?
xm;ayonf?
4) yk'fr (54)t& jynfe,f
wyfzGJ@rsm;udk zGJ@pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'ESifhtnD
zGJ@pnf;cGifh&Sdonf/
11) zGJ@nf;yHk tajccH 1) tcef;(12)yk'fr(436)t& 1) tcef;(14)yk'fr(203) wGif
Oya'tm;jyifqifjcif; ta&;}uD;aom tpdwftydkif; zGJ@pnf;yHk. ta&;}uD;aom
- 51 -

tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk
rsm;udk jyifqifrnfqdkygu
v$wfawmf.75 &mcdkifE_ef;ausmf jyifqif&mwGif jyifqifoifh/
axmufcH&rnf? jynfvHk;u|wf roifhudk vlxkqENcH,l&ef
twdtusjyXgef;xm;onf?
qENcH,lyGJusif;yI 50
&mcdkifE_ef;ausmf axmufcH&rnf tcsKyftjcmtm%monf
jynfol@vuf0,fwGif&Sdonf
[kqdkxm;onf?
2) omref&dk;&dk;udpPrsm;qdkygu qdkonfhtESpfom&udk
ay:vGifaponf?
v$wfawmfESpf&yfaygif; 75
&mcdkifE_ef; ausmf&rnf[kqdkxm; 2) ta&;r}uD;onfhtpdwf
jcif;rSm zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya' tydkif;rsm;udk jyifqif&m
udk jyifqif&ef vHk;0rjzpf Edkifay? wGifvnf; tzGJ@0ifjynfe,f
tb,fa=umifq
h akd omfvw
$ af wmf rsm;. qENudk cH,l&efjyXgef;
wGif 25 &mcdkifE_ef;onf ppfom; xm;onf?wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;
rsm;. udk,fydkifjyXgef;cGifhudk
rsm;jzpfjyD; 75 &mcdkifE_ef;rSm
t&yfbufrSjzpfonf?rJcGJ&mwGif todtrSwfjyKaponf?
75 &mcdkifE_ef;ausmf[k qdkxm; 3) yk'fr(204)t&
ojzifh ppfbufrSraxmufcHv#if zGJ@pnf;yHk. ta&;}uD;aom
tpdwftydkif;rsm;udkjyifqif
vHk;0vkyfaqmifI r&onfh
jyD; twnfjyK&mwGif
tajctaewGif&Sdaeonf?
ppfqdkonfrSm txufrStrdef@ jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf
udk emcH&ojzihf rJay;jcif;udk w&yfcsif;pDrS udk,fpm;vS,f
oHk;yHkESpfyHk/tzGJ@0ifjynfe,f
cGifhrjyKygu v$wfawmfwGif
ppfom;wa,muf.wef;zdk; tm;vHk;. oHk;yHkESpfyHk
onf 75 &mcdkifE_ef;ESifh oGm;nD axmufcHjcif;/ vlxkqENcH
aeonf udkawG@&onf? etz ,l&mwGif axmufcHrJ
zGJ@pnf;yHkudk axmufcHIaemufrS xuf0ufausmfrSomv#if
twnfjyKEdkifonf?
wjznf;jznf; ajymif;vJ&ef
4) ta&;r}uD;aom
rvG,u
f al y? jyifqifciG u
hf kd
vHk;0 &moufyef ydwfxm;onf tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk
jyifqifv#if jynfaxmifpk
udkawG@&onf? urBmwqHk;
jynfolwpf&yfvHk;tm; ppfu|ef v$wfawmf w&yfcsif;pDrS
jyK&ef&nf&G,fxm;avonf? udk,fpm;vS,f oHk;yHkESpfyHk/
- 52 -

tzGJ@0ifjynfe,ftm;vHk;.
oHk;yHkESpfyHk oabmwlrSom
twnfjzpfonf? vlxk
qENESifh qHk;jzwfcsuftay:
rlwnfonf? tpdk;&rS
jyifqifjcifwikd ;f jyifqifciG hf
r&Sday?
12) EdkifiHawmf.
tjrihfqHk; Oya'/

13) &Hk;oHk;
bmompum;

1) tcef; (15)/ yk'fr(449)t& 1) tcef;(1) yk'fr(10)t&

EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccH Oya' zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya'onf
onf EdkifiHawmf. tjrifhqHk; EdkifiHawmf. tjrihfqHk;
Oya'jzpfonf [kroHk;xm;bJ jzpfonf? ,if;Oya'xuf
Oya'tm;vHk;. tajccH
wGif rnfolr#r&Sd&ay?
jzpfonf[k qdkonfhtwGuf zGJ@pnf;yHkwGifjyXgef;xm;csuf
tjrifhqHk;rSm rnfonfht&m rsm;twdkif; tm;vHk;u
jzpfonfudkpOf;pm;zG,f&m
vdkufem=u&rnfjzpfonf/
yifjzpfonf?2) yk'fr (58)t& 2) yk'fr (47)t&
Edik if aH wmf orwonf
jynfolvlxkrS rdrdwdk@
tcsKyftjcm tvHk;pHkudk
pdwf}udKufa&;qGJxm;aom
ydkifqdkifonf?
zGJ@pnf;yHkESifhjynfaxmifpkudk
zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOy' umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef
xufwGif&Sdaeonf?
wm0ef&Sdonf? tcsKyf
3) yk'fr (20)jyXgef; csuf
tjcmtm%monf
rsm;t& zGJ@pnf;yHktxufwGif jynfolvlxkvuf
wyfrawmf&Sdaeayonf/
xJwGif&Sdayonf?
1) tcef;(15)yk'fr(450)/(452) 1) tcef; (12)/ yk'fr (183)
ESifh (453)t&&Hk;oHk;pmtaejzifh t& jynfaxmifpkw0ef;vHk;
Armpmwckwnf;udkom cGifhjyK twGuf ArmESifh t*Fvdyf
xm;onf? rnfonfh bmom ESpfckvHk;udk cGifhjyKxm;onf?
pum; pmayr#cGifhjyKrxm;ay? xdkr#ru jynfe,ftoD;oD;
2) jyoemjzpfay:vmygu
wGifvnf; Arm/ t*Fvdyf
Armpmjzifhom ajz&Sif;&rnf tygt0if tzGJ@0ifjynfe,f.
[kazmfjyxm;onf?
pmayudkvnf; &Hk;oHk;pm
- 53 -

tjzpf toHk;jyKEdkifa=umif;
cGifhay;xm;onf?
14) EdkifiHwum
1) rnfodk@r#ajym
pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm; xm;jcif;r&Sday?
ESihf ywfowfI

1) tcef;(13)yk'fr (200) wGif

jyefvnfppfaq;jcif;/
vufcHjcif;/ y,fzsufjcif;rsm;
jyKvkyf&rnfudk azmfjy
xm;onf?
tcef;(12)/ yk'fr(446)/(447)t&
15) wnfqJ
'Drdkua&pDESifhwdkif;&if;om; tiftm;pkrsm;rS a&;qGJxm;aom
Oya'rsm;
tcef;(13)/ yk'fr (197)ESifh qifwlaomfvnf;
zGJ@pnf;yHkwpfckvHk;. rl0g'/ tESpfom&/
oabmxm;rsm;udkoHk;oyfv#if etzrSjyXgef;xm;aom
em*pfzGJ@pnf;yHkjzifh tkyfcsKyfv#if rw&m;onfh Oya'rsm;
qufvufwnf&SdapEdkifjyD;/ 'Drdkua&pDESifh wdkif;&if;om;
tiftm;pkrSa&;qGJjyXgef;aom zGJ@pnf;yHk.qdkvdk&if;rSm vuf&Sd
etztpdk;&wdk@ rw&m;ojzifh jyXgef;xm;aom
w&m;r#wr_ r&SdaomwnfqJOya'rsmudk
y,fzsufapEdkifonf?
16) bmoma&;ESifh 1) tcef;(8)/ yk'fr(361) t& 1) tcef;(1)/ yk'fr(7)wGif
bmoma&;udt
k ajccHa=umif; bmoma&;udk tajcrcH&ef
EdkifiHa&;
jyXgef;xm;&m roifhawmf
EdkifiHawmf. rlwpf&yf
a=umif;udk awG@&onf?
taejzifh csrSwfxm;onf?
17) toGiu
f ;l
1) tcef;(14)yk'fr(443)ESihf
1) EdkifiHa&;t& qHk;jzwfcsuf
ajymif;a&;umv (445) toGiful;ajymif;a&;
jzpfojzifh toGiful;ajymif;
umv jyXgef;csuft& tpdk;& a&;umv tm%mydkifESifh
tm; ta&;,ltjypfay;jcif; vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tm;
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jypfr_rsm;udk ausat;&jcif;ESifh oabmxm;rsm;ESifhEdkifiHa&;
4if;wdk@bmom vGwfjidrf;csrf; ygwD rsm;. oabmxm;
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Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;ESihfqef@usif
azmfaqmifoGm;&efjzpfonf/
- 54 -

aeonfudkawG@&onf?

2) toGiful;ajymif;a&;
umvwGif vkyfaqmifoGm;
&rnfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udkom
t"duxm;jyXgef;xm;onf?

ed*Hk;csKyfwifjycsuf?
wdkif;&if;om; jynfolrsm;cifAsm;
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a=umif;ay:vGifae+yD;/ 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;
a&;qGJxm;onfh zuf'&,f jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHzGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya'
('kwd,rl=urf;)onf jidrf;csrf; om,m0ajymrnfh 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmfopfqDodk@
OD ; wnf o G m ;rnf j zpf a =umif ; txif t &S m ;awG @ &S d r nf j zpf a yonf ? od k @ jzpf y gI
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aygif;pHk jynfolw&yfvHk;onf trsKd;om;a&;wm0efw&yftaejzifh
wzufwGif jynfoludk uGsefjyKrnfh etz. 2008 ckESpfem*pfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifh
&v'f r sm;ud k t+yD ; tjywf wd k u f z suf & if ; wzuf w G i f ppf r S e f a om'D r d k u a&pD
z,f'&,fjynfaxmifpk orwjrefrmEdkifiHwnfaqmufa&; atmifjrifonftxdf
qufvufI wufnDvufnDwdkufyGJ0if oGm;=uygpdk@[k wdkufwGef;wifjy&ayonf?
zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'
Ed_if;,SOfavhvma&;aumfrwD

- 55 -

- 56 -