By Aldinette C.

Esto
BSED III – Math
The Teaching Profession
 Scholasticism in 11th
century
• Sought to integrate the secular
understanding of the ancient world
with the dogma implicit in the
revelations of Christianity.
• A synthesis of learning in which
theology surmounted the hierarchy of
knowledge.
• Peter Abelard, St. Anselm of
Canterbury, St. Albertus Magnus and
Roger Bacon
 Scholasticism in 13th
century
• Writings and doctrines of St.
Thomas Aquinas

Scholasticism in 14th
century
• Declined, but laid the
foundations for many revivals
and revisitations in later
centuries, particularly under
Pope Leo XIII (1897)
 Disciplines in the 12th
century

• Philosophy Constitute
• Theology d the
medieval
• Medicine universitie
s
• Law (canon beginning
and civil) in
Bologna,
Paris and
Oxford
• Basic Philosophy: Aristotelian
• Theology: Bible was variously
interpreted depending on the
kind of philosophy used to
understand the Christian faith
systematically.
• Important Scholastic Theologies:
>> Thomism - St. Thomas
Aquinas
>> Augustinism - St. Augustine
>> Scotism - John Duns
Scotus
 SCHOLASTIC
SYSTEM

• A system of: • Avoids:

 Moderate Realism Innatism
 Moderate Sensism
Intellectualism Subjectivism
 Nature of Man
• Augustinians
>>Soul is the spiritual and the
principle of thought-activity, and
that the exercise of the senses is
a process from the soul through
the body.
• 13th century Scholastics
>>Soul as the principle of life,
not of thought merely.
 Scholastic Philosophers
and Theologians
• Saint Anselm of Canterbury
• Peter Abelard
• Peter Lombard
• Saint Albertus Magnus
• John Duns Scotus
• Roger Bacon
• Anselmo d’Aosta
• One of the most
influential thinkers of
medieval Europe and
Christianity
• “credo ut intelligam”
• “Monologium” and
“Prosologium”
• Ontological Argument
• Laid the foundations of
scientific knowledge
• “Father of the
Scholastics”
• Pierre de Abaelardus
• Most famous and
controversial figure
in the Western
church of the first
half of the 12th
century
• Fierce debater with
radical views
• Sic et Non
>>multiple
significations of a
single word
>>an exercise book in
applying dialectic to
• “Master of the
Sentences”
• Four Books of
Sentences
>Trinity, Creation, Jesus
and Sacraments
>>Quaestiones
*list of disputed
statements
*author’s ‘respondeo’
*answers to the list
>>collection of glosses
and left many
questions open
• Saint Albert the Great
• Greatest German
philosopher and
theologian
• Writings collected went
to 38 volumes
• The first to apply
Aristotle’s philosophy
to Christian thought
• Digested, interpreted
and systematized
Aristotle’s works in
accordance with Church
doctrine.
• Honored as a ‘Doctor of
• Johannes Duns
Scotus
• Founded “Scotism”
• The Subtle Doctor
• Theology and
philosophy represent
two different
approaches to the
same truth
• Reason and
Revelation
• Primacy of the will in
both God and man
• “Doctor Mirabilis”
• A point of connection
between
Scholasticism and
the Physical Science
of our day.
• “Without experience
nothing is known”
• 2 modes of knowing:
>by argument
>by experience
 Scholasticism in Education
• Scholastic = academic, bookish,
formalistic, literary,
pedantic
>> narrow concern for book
learning and formal rules, without
knowledge or experience of
practical matters

Dominant principle:
“Faith seeking
 Educational purposes
• To develop the power of
disputation
• To systematize knowledge
• To give individual mastery of this
system of knowledge, now
reduced into a logical whole.
Scholastic Instruction
• 2 methods of teaching:
>> Lectio
>> disputatio
>>> “ordinary”
>>> “quodlibetal”
 Scholastic Method
• 3 steps envisaged during the
disputatio:
> “prenotes”, The proponent
provided definitions of the terms in
the thesis, distinctions relating to
them and different positions being
held on the thesis
> various proofs were offered, first
from the authority then from
reason
 Scholastics and their
textbooks
• “The Sententiae” and
• “Summa Theologica”

• Limitations:
> interest in argument
> abstract and metaphysical
character
> discussion which possessed no
reality
 By Aldinette C. Esto
BSED III – Math
The Teaching Profession