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The Russian Language
for English Learner
May 2009 (Incomplete Work) bypfournar@gmail.com If you want to collaborate send me an email!
 
Table of Contents
1 Basic facts about Russian Language ................................................................................................5Basic grammatical features .............................................................................................................5Basic phonetic features ...................................................................................................................62 Russian alphabet ...............................................................................................................................7The Handwriting Russian Alphabet ...............................................................................................10BGN/PCGN Romanization of Russian ..........................................................................................113 Stress ...............................................................................................................................................14Word stress on the whole and applied to Russian language .........................................................14Russian stress has the following features .................................................................................144 Pronunciation ..................................................................................................................................16Russian Pronunciation Guide .........................................................................................................16Palatalised (soft) and non-palatalised (hard) .............................................................................16How to mark the softness of consonants ..................................................................................17"я", "ё", "ю", "е", "и" ...........................................................................................................17The letter "ь" ........................................................................................................................17Consonant ......................................................................................................................................17Paired Consonants (Plain, Palatalised) ......................................................................................17Unpaired consonants .................................................................................................................18Palatalised Consonants - Palatal Indicators ..............................................................................18 Noisy consonant (ч щ ш ж ц) ..................................................................................................18Velar consonant (к г х) ..............................................................................................................18Vowels ............................................................................................................................................18Hard-Indicating Vowels (A, O, Ы, У, Э) ...................................................................................19Soft-Indicating Vowels (Я, Е, Ё, Ю, И) ....................................................................................21Ikanie ....................................................................................................................................21Quick reference on "soft-indicating" vowels .......................................................................22Alphabet .........................................................................................................................................23Additional features of Russian pronunciation ..............................................................................255 The Russian Spelling System .........................................................................................................27Hard and Soft Vowels. ..................................................................................................................27Vowel Alternations after Soft Consonants .....................................................................................28The Combination of й+V (y+vowel) .............................................................................................28The soft sign (ь) .............................................................................................................................29The 7 Consonant Rule (not ы but и). ............................................................................................29The 5 Consonant Rule (о or е).......................................................................................................29The Hush Rule (not ы я or ю but и а and у)..................................................................................29Upper or Lower Case? ...................................................................................................................29Suffixes (Суффиксы) ....................................................................................................................306 Useful Russian Words .....................................................................................................................327 Pronouns .........................................................................................................................................35Classes of Russian pronouns ..........................................................................................................35Personal Pronouns ..........................................................................................................................36Possessive Pronouns ......................................................................................................................38Demonstrative Pronouns ................................................................................................................39The Interrogative Pronouns ...........................................................................................................42Reflexive Pronouns ........................................................................................................................468 Verbs ...............................................................................................................................................48Introduction ....................................................................................................................................48Aspect ............................................................................................................................................49Usage of Russian Verbs .................................................................................................................50The General Nature of the Russian Verb ......................................................................................52
 
Stem ..........................................................................................................................................53What Are Conjugations? ...........................................................................................................54Present- Future and The Conjugations ......................................................................................56The Past Tense Endings ............................................................................................................58The Rules of Stem-Ending Combination ..................................................................................58Infinitive ........................................................................................................................................61Forming the infinitive ...............................................................................................................61Uses of Infinitive .......................................................................................................................62Indicative Mood ............................................................................................................................63Conjugations of Verbs* (..Maybe I have to merge some headings) ..............................................65Present Tense ................................................................................................................................68Ending of Present Tense ................................................................................................................69Examples ........................................................................................................................................70A Full Example .........................................................................................................................71Palatalization ..................................................................................................................................71Where Does Palatalization Occur? ............................................................................................73Past Tense ......................................................................................................................................74Future Tense ..................................................................................................................................75Some Conjugated Russian Verbs ...................................................................................................76Verbal Accent in Russian ...............................................................................................................78Verbs of Motion .............................................................................................................................80Part 1 - Motion verbs without prefixes. - To Go .......................................................................80Part 2 - Other unprefixed verbs of motion ................................................................................82Part 3 - Other unprefixed verbs of motion -To Carry ................................................................82Part 4 - Prefixed verbs of motion ..............................................................................................83The Imperative Mood ....................................................................................................................851st Way To Form Imperative .....................................................................................................852nd Way To Form The Imperative ...........................................................................................86Subjunctive Mood ..........................................................................................................................88Reflexive Verbs ..............................................................................................................................89Genuine Reflexives ...................................................................................................................90Optative Reflexive Verbs ..........................................................................................................909 Nouns ..............................................................................................................................................91Cases ..............................................................................................................................................91Russian Nouns Genders .................................................................................................................92Exercise .....................................................................................................................................93Russian Genders' Table .............................................................................................................94Plural Nouns ..................................................................................................................................96The Nominative Case .....................................................................................................................97The Accusative Case ......................................................................................................................97Accusative Case Form .............................................................................................................97Instrumental Case (With, By) ........................................................................................................98Declension .....................................................................................................................................99 Noun Declension Table .............................................................................................................99Mnemonic Rules of Cases .......................................................................................................100I Declension - Masculine Paired Consonants .........................................................................101I Declension - Masculine Unpaired Consonants .....................................................................101I Declension – Neuter .............................................................................................................102II Declension - Feminine (and some masculine and epicene) .................................................103III Declension – Feminine only ..............................................................................................104Russian Names - Русские имена ................................................................................................105Examples: ..........................................................................................................................107
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10 / 14 / 2010<span class="translation_missing">en_US, this_document_made_it_onto_the</span>Rising List!
jnc.moreno

A very good grammar , it explains the difference between the palatalized and not palatalized sounds, it is a very good one!

reply12 / 29 / 2009
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