Apryp A. AmGapnymin (Canxr-Iletep6ypr) Uctopua 3apatyuitpet u ero nocneqoBareneli cormacho Anecte: IMHTBACTHYeCKHe H KOHTCKCTYaJIBHBIC acneKTsI” (History of Zarathushtra and His Followers According to the Avesta: linguistic and contextual aspects ‘Arthur Ambartsumian (St. Petersburg) [loknan nanucan 211 MexayHaponHol HaysHoH Kouepennun “Anecta H Muposad IjEBHIH3aqHA”, nocsamenno% 2700-nermo Apecrsi, AxatemHs mayk PecnyGmmxn Tamxuxucran, Orgencuue obmectaeHHEIx Hayx, 4-5 cents6ps 2001 r., JIyman6e] B Mpanuctake aBHo CHOxMNOch MpenctanneHHe 0 TOM, 4TO ABecTa He comepxKHT AOCTOBEPHEIX H CEPEESHEIX HCTOPHYECKHX CBERCHHH O IKUSHH MpAHCKHX HapoyoB Ha TeppHTopHH poctostoro Vipaya u Cpemueit Asam s 20-axemMenusicknit nepnon, Takoit momxosl MpHBen k 3aMeTHOH CTarHANHH B PemIeHUH MHOTHX HCTOpHYecKHx TpoGieM gToro perHona. CosHaTeMBHOE cMemiesHe MMQOJOTHH, HCTOpHH H MpemaHult, H3102%KEHHBIX B PAsHOBPEMEHHBIX H HE CBS3AHHKIX MexTY coGoi aBeCTHHICKHX TEKCTAX, MpHBETO MHOTOUHCHEHHEIM KyPbe3aM H NYTAHHIaM B aBeCTONOTHH. Onpexenempie pasemst ApecTsi, HecomHeHHo, Moryr OBITS HCKIONS30BaHBI B KavecTRe MCTOPHHeCKOTO CTONHHKa, MpomMBalomero cBeT Ha cO6KITAA s@TeKOTO Mpoutoro. Mot OCTaHOBHMCa TONBKO Ha TeX HCTOPHNECKHX COOBITHAX, KOTOPHIe sBNuOTCA iA ApecTHI H S3opoacrpulickoll TpayMIHM OCHOBHBIMH, - 3TO HCTOPHR 3apoOxNeHNS sopoactpHlicKoH pemnrAH, anoxa 3aparyurrpst, cyab6a Kiana BunTacnsi H NepBbIX MpHBEprKEHIeB 3opoacTpHsMa. ‘OTH OCHOBHBIe HCTOpHHECKMe COBKITAA HAMLIN OTPAKEHMe TOKO B HECKO.bKAX pagmenax ‘Avectsi, a HMeHHO: B T'arax (ocoGenxo, Sica 46, 49, 51) a B meno paye Sinrrop, KOTOpEIX MBI naspipaem “Simran Buurracna”, cpeaa Hux: Apaeucyp Aut, Ipsacn Simr, bpasapawa Sarr, Paw Amr, Apy Amr, 3ameay Sur 1 Bumracn Amr (Auer 5, 9, 13, 15, 17, 19, 24). Octanbuble aNTSI, Kak W MHOTHE IpYrHe ABECTHHICKHE TeKCTSI, He MMCIOT MIpAMOTO OTHOMIEHHS K HCTOPHH KiaHa BUINTACHEy, H COCTABIEHEL, 1O-BIJUMOMY, B APYTHe BpeMeHEBIe HepHosI H Ha ApyrHx TeppuTopHaX. Taret, CocrasnenHeie 10 BCEM KAHOHAM apxaH4Holi HHOeBpONIeHcKOl 1093HK, OXBATHIBAIOT paHHHlt TepHOA HCTOPHM 3OpoacTpH3MA: THYHKIe MepexKHBAHHA UpOpoKa B NepHOR USTHAHHS, cKUTAHH, mpwema y Buurracnst, sHaxomcrso c Jbxamacnoit u ®pamaomrpolt, cues caambOst nosepH Saparymrrpsr Hoypysucrst, w 1.1. Yeasanuaa rpynma Smros KonneTpmpyer BHHManHe Ha HCTOpHH poli Kas Byirracnsi # ero KiaHa c pasiMuHsiMH IIPOTHBHMKAMA H3 BpaKneOHOrO TeMeHH xiaona. B xaxxom w3 Simtos nonyTdo mpocaapnsores Goessie noxpHrH ero MpaxoaputicKax mpemmectsennukos. Hamekn Ha Gonee mo3qHMe cOOBITHA HCTOpHH cro crpaHsl, ApsaHa-JJaxsio, comepxarea B “MeMopHambHOM cnucKe” Dpanapaun Anta (Sarr 13. 80-157), BKMOTAIOMIEM cIHCOK yueuuxos 3apatyurrpst (87-97), ero COBpeMeHHMKOB: NpAmBopHOl sHaTH M aOCNECTHEIX BORHOB Bunrracnst (97-117), # HakOHeN, CNHCOK MpasemHUKoB, %KMBULAX NocHe cMeprH 3apatyurTpst (118- 129), Bepuemes x crpyxrype Asecrst. Viccnegosaremm werko pa3jenmor Apecty Ha [Be ¥acTH, HCXONR 3 HHT'BHCTHUecKHx xpurepues. Bujenmoren apa pasmHSHbIX MANIeKTa: Mpesueasectulickuli u no3queasectuiickali, wm moaqoanectiicxmii, Coorpercrsenuo Apecra pacunensetca Ha mpe wacru: “JIpesmoio Anecty” m “Ilosamow”, am “Mnammywrw Apecty”. “SIpesuas Asecra” Bxmovaer 8 ce6a Tarsi, npunucumpaemsie Sapatymrpe, u Cemmrnas (SicHa Xanraaxanra). “Tlosmass Asecta” sxmowaer ce6a Aurrst, ocranbuyio Acuy, Busesuar, a zpyrne apecrHlickHe TeKCTBI. * PaSora BuinonHeHa B paMxax mpoekta, NoLAep-xaKHOrO rpaHToM PocculicKoro ryMaHMTapHOrO Hay4HorO oHTA ( 99-01-00321a).Oramauit Mexay aguiKom Tar a a3bixom “Tlosmueii Anecrsi” Hemano: 9r0 m coxpaneane HHTepBOKaNbHEIX 3BOHKHX B Tarax u cHMpaHTHsanus ux B “TlosmHet Anecre”, mepexon Up.-Up. rpynmsr dy- 2 db- » Tarax, u 8 b- wom 1b- p “Tlosqnelt Anecte”. Cymectsenabm pasmunem Mexiy ZTIBYMa JULICKTAMH sBNAeTCA TaIKKe NelicTBUe “sakoua Bapronome” B Tarax [Coxonos C. H., 1979, c. 160]. Hexoropuie uccuenovarenu cunraior, uro sManext Tat He SBNETCA IPAMSIM HPEAKOM H3LIKA “Tlosmuet Anecrst”. Ipammaraeckas crpykrypa upesHeasecrulicxoro Gsmmska Purseye, Tora KaK no3sHeanecTaticKnit orpaxaer Gostee npomBunyTbit aran paseuTHs ssurKa [Skjerva P. O., 1995, p. 162]. B Tarax conepxkarea cnems Taloke H NpyrHX ApeseapecTulicKHx muaNeKToB, HaNpuMep, qmanexra watepx 3apatyumps1 - JIyraopsr [Humbach H., 1991, $, 8 60]. Sxewenrs Tunoteraeckoro mManexta Apaxosua B Apecte yemarpunamuch K. Xodybmanom u Jbx. Hapren [Hinze A, 1998, p. 154]. Tans: u Cesurnan nomxusi 650m mpencrasiaTs mManexr poxMHDt Baparyurrpst H eFo poxCTBEHAMKOB. A WMANeKT pyrHX wacTel ABECTHI MOKHO PACCMATPHBATS KAK sairx crpanst Kasy Bumrracnt - Apsana-Jlaxsio, u, posMoxkno, Gone nosmHel Appsna-[llasrsr (x xoropoli npunayiexar xpyras cepa Shutow, cp. Muxp Sir, 1 1p.). Vecxons u3 s3uikonoli pasoOuleHHOCTH ABYX AMANEKTOB M coOTBeTeTBeHHO AByX uacreli AwecTst passuach Teopua o Gonee paHHem mpoucxoamenun Tar. Coctasneaue Tat oOsro garupyeres nepuonom 1500-1000 am 1000-600 rr. 0 H.9., a “Tlosmueit Anectsr” - nepuorzom c 800 T. 0 H.9. No 3 Bex #19 (M. Bolle, #7. 3,).2K. Kemiene oneHuBaer MBTeRa MeXIY BYMs ABeCTAMH B 300-500 ner. Baecte c Tem, apectuiickuit He Halen MpsMoro MposomKeuHa B cpenHeNpacKyIo snOxy. Tipesnenepcuncnuit 651 s38ikoM nepcos, ero MposomkeHNeM sBHICK cpenHeMepenIcKHi (nexneBH), Hepemtequmi 8 cwo1o ouepens B HoBonepcuncKuii. P. pal cuuraer, ¥10 Ha BocroKe Vpana HeTOCTAIONIHM 3BeHOM B pasBUTHH aBecraicKoro (KaK ssbika Tar, Tax w a3brKa Maammnelt Asectsi) B cpeqHempancKyio 910xy MoxeT cuHTaTbca yclloBHBii s3bK X, cpesHeHpalcKuli NoTOMOK asecruticxoro. Tapancxat (Xopacaz), xopesmuticxuii (Xopesm), coruiickait m Gaxrpalicxnit roxe He sBRMOTCR NporomKeHMeM anecTulicKoro. exons Hs cKiansiBaromelica sEKOBOH KapTil, Dpail, CKIOHMeTCA K IPeNTOMOKeHMIO, YTO ENMHCTREHHEIA KOPpHIOP K3 KOTOPOTO MBI He HMeeM CIEHOB SOKaNBHOTO cpemHeupancKoro s3bIKa - 20 Teppuropus oT Tepara no Cucrana u Apaxosun [Frye R. N., 1996]. Cuctaxckax reopua TmarembHo paspaSarsmanacs B tpynax I’. Homa [Gnoli Gh., 1980]. Kaan Bumracnsi, BaIMMO, He O'eHS xopolio noHHMaN apuilicKuii muanexr, HocureneM xoroporo 6s npwmenen 3aparynrrpa. To canneremscray Kunrn Jlewkaps, uape Bumracn nocuutan csoux xpeyjos 8 Xpanupax yu usyseuMs s35Ika penurmu (dén). Kak yKasbIBaioT KOMMeHTaTOpEI HeW3BeCTHOTO HaM H YrpaeHHoro pasnena AeCTHI, 90 MpoHsoMUIO Mocne Toro, Kax Buurracrt GnarononysHo sapepulun soliny ¢ Apmxactiom (napem Xion-nex). Cnepsa Bumrracn crapanca pacnpocrpanuTs 3opoacrpulickyio pewHTMio B caoemM maperse (Sp-nex, Span-nex). Sate on yrosapHsan H APYTHX MpasuTenel UpHHATs sopoactpHHicKyio pemurmo. B Xsaumpax on nocuan Oparses CnuTu u Apespacny, pMecre ¢ xpyramu xpenamu. Mmenno 8 Xsaxupaxe (110-BHHMOMY, nog Kemmpapom XBaHMpax UMceTCA B BEY WetTp Dpax-Bex, PouMAB! SapaTyurTpH!) OHM wByuAMH S3bIK penMTHH TIO, pyxoBoncrsom Ppamourrapa (Jewxapa IV.14; cp.: enxapx VIL6.12). He caysalino, mena asectalicxux upapeaaukos Cumtu (Cumtaacns!) a Spespacms1, estrone Yenacny, saHecensi B MeMopHambusii cnucox ®papapanu Aira, NOwMTaBMINiics NOSuHMMH sopoacTpHliuaMn (Sur 13.121). Tipencrasnenme o Tom, “[[pesuax Azecta” ormencua ot “Tlosauei Anectst” Gomsmmm MpoMexxyrKoM Bpemeny, MoxkeT 6iTb H ommmGosmBIM. Jha HLMOCTpANHH ITOTO YIOMAHEM MPHMEpSI, npapenennsie P. Dpaem: » repmancKoli ssuiKoBOli CeMbe COBPeMCHHBIM HeMeHIKHH sSbIK apXAHTHeE cospeMeuHoro aurmulicKoro, a B CeMHTCKOH TpyIe s3bIKOB cOBpeMeRHBiii apaGcKuli s35IK apxausuee usputa [Frye R. N., 1996, notes]. Crano srs, “apxanssocrs” ssn1Ka “[Ipesnett Anectst” TO OTHOMeHMo x sgbmKy “IosaHel Anecrsi” Bopce He OMAHA sBNATKCR jOKasaTeMLCTBOM cymecrBosanua Gomuoro spemeuuoro npobena Mexay HMM. JIpa GIMaKOponCTBeHHBIX AHANeKTa MORIM CYTLECTBOBATS HB OHO H TO Xe CAMOe BPEMM, HA PASHEIX, HO COCEMHEX IPYT K PTY, ‘TeppHTOpHAKX.Tanne daxt nogrsepxuacten KOHTeKCTYaNbHBIM aHaNH30M HCTOpHyeCKHx pazzen0B Asecrsi. Jlonymenne 300-500-nerHero MTeppalia MexKAY STHMH [BYMs HactaMM ABeCTSI CTaBUT No yaap scio “Tlosmmoi Anecty”, mpencrannaa ee no3aueit m pasHospemenHoil nomenkol m HuTepmperanuell sopoactpulickolt penuru H uctopun, Tepeson “Tosmei Anecrsi” va no3aHutt AwaNeKT B Gosee TO3AMOO Moxy TAKE NPeTCTABAeTCA MANOBEpORTHEIM H GeccMBICICHHBIM. Tapest # cacanmust MOrH BHECTH apTHKYZAIMOHHBIe MaMexeHHa. “IlosnHax ABecta” He coNepKHT kaxwx Ont TO HM GEIIO OUEBHIHEIX peanHi aXeMeRMCKOTO, NapisHCKOTO WITH cacanMscKorO nepHonon. Cornacuo nexnepuiickam sopoactpulickum mpenanusm, Anecta (roanee ee mpenneiimas acts Parsi) Osura saduxcuposana (“sanucaza”) Jpxamactiom no nponoseysm 3apatymrrpsr (Jlekapm IV, 21; V, 3.4; VIL, 5.11). Dro coGsrrue npowsouu1o Ha 40-om roxy apex 3aparymrpsr (OGpeteHns 3. Goxecrseuxoro orkposexua), T. e. myers 10 ner nocne Havana BoMHBI ¢ MeMeHeM xiiaona u 3a 7-8 slet 0 emepta mpopoxa. Ocransuse sacra [penne Acero (Siena Xanranxanra - Cemnrman) MOF OBITS CO3aHBI NoOsKe WKe poscTBeHHMKamH 3apatymTps! (HampuMep, Mezpomaxom, TloypysHctoli, 4m KakaM-HHOY.1> ApyrHM HOCHTENIEM A3bIKa TeMeHH Baparymrpsi). Hicropaeckue pasnensi “Iosuet Anecrsi”, HamicaHusie Ha s3biKe MiemeuH Bumrracntt, 7. ¢. apuiines 13 poya Horapayos (apex naomaupoa), onpenencHHo Gsm mepRoHavaTbHO sadaKeuposansi Bo Bpema U cpasy Nocse BofiHEI c IeMeHeM xiiaona. Hanpumep, Apasucyp Shut (im 5) m [psacn Aur (Shur 9) sennotea npex6aramusimu xpevecKHMa MONMTBAMU, UPOHSHECeHHEIMA OJHOKPaTHO mepey ONepenHOH GuTBOH c xHaOHA H COCTABIeHHBIMH B >KAHpE Hamacmymu (mpocrasieHus NOABHTOB HpaHoapHticKHx repoes). VckmountemsHo Bce HCTOpHIEcKHe pasnensi “Tlosqweii Anectsi” (3a uckmoueauem uocnemneli vacra “MemopuansHoro cucKa” ©pavapaun Smra) sanepmiaiores npocnapnenuem coOuiTuii, cassaHHbIx c 3T0H BofiHol. Takum o6pasom, cosyanme pasiesios “Tloamseti Anectsi” Moro Havarscs ¢ 30 r. opst 3aparymrrpey, Kora Hawanac BolHa c xtaoHa, M mponomKatcs mocHe cepa 3aparyurpsr B 48 r., cmeprit ©pamoutrapst B 63 r., emepra Jbxamacnsr B 64 r., cmepra Xanraypyma (wsBecTHoro Tom HMeHEM Tpamur-xapy 8 “Aiiayrap-u 3apepan”) » 73 r., B nepHom %HSHH M nocne cMeprH xpena Casnt, upoxuemero 20 200 r. spsx Sapatymrrpst (“MeMopuanbuedit cmucox” @pasapsun Sita), Ha Caone, ce Axymcryra (xHTene Repxosbes pexn XasTyMaHT/THNEMeHT, To Texnesniickum HcToAHAKaM skutene Bycra), ero yueHwkax H BHYWaxX, aectulickad TpaqMNHa NOMHOCTHIO Mpexpatiaetca u He HMeeT HHKAKOTO TIPAMOTO MPOTODKEHHA. Tlo pexouerpyxumu 3. Yocra [Jackson A. V. W, 1899, p. 180-181], mpaszenue Ayppar-acust Mpupasuapaetes x 780 r. 20 1.9. (150 2. no 9. 3.), sonapenue Bumrracnst - x 660 r. 10 #.9. (30 10 3. 3.), o6perenne Sapatyurrpoli 6oxectseHHoTO OTKpoReHHs - K 630 r 70 H.9., OGpamenue Bumrracnt1, Xyraocsi, Sanpusaupa H Mempomaxa - x 620 r. go #.9. (11 r. 9.3.), HamtecrBHe xHaona - K 601 Tr. 10 #9. (20 r. 9.3.), emepre 3aparymmpst - x 583 r, go #.9. (48 r. 9. 3.), raGems Bumrracnss, Crrewtonarss, pamaommpsr, Z>xamacns upyrux sHaTaBIx repoes o6sactu Apsana-Jlaxbio - K nepHony c 583 no 551 rr. 0 #9. B onHoii u3 ny6nuKanuit Met mpHBHocHM K 9ToH tpayunuoHHolt xpononorm Tonpasky 8 +2 roja, B CRASH C BELTBeHMeM MpesMonaraeMoro COMHeIHOTO 3aTMeHHA, ynlomsanytoro: 2 “Atianrap- 3apepan” B OMMcaHHM NOXOWa 9paHCKHX BOHCK K MecTY cpaxeHus ¢ xifonamu (anecr. xiiaona) [AMGapnyman A. A., 1997, cc. 3-9]. Bee MonsITKH YcTaHoBneHua MOAMHHOH anecTHlicKOl xpoHOMOrHH H TaICKe oMpereneHHs Bpemenu duxcatan Apectst Hocsr cnopHsit xapaxtep. B ool cBs3M BUISEIBAIOT HATepec HOREIC naticKanna 2K. Kenextca. To ero mmenwio, coxpanmauiasica Anecta (pykonucx) smiseres co6paiem ABYX JMTYPrMveCKHX aHTONOrHii, 3a1o%KeHNEX no CacanMaACKol ABeCTHI M 3adbuKCHpOBARHBIX B MHCbMeHHOM Bue, caMoe paHHee, B cepemmue VII Bexa. Ho muenmo JK. Kenenca, cocrassenue Apentieanectaiicxax TexcToB MoxHO oTHecTH K 1200-1000 [uma 1700-1200] rr, 10 #.9. C 1000 no 800 [usm 1200-900] rr. nactynaer nepexomusti nepuox duxcanum HeKoTOpEIX ApeBHeanecTHlicKHX TeKCTOB M NosBIeHHA nepBbIX KOMMeHTapHes. Mexny 800 1 600 [umm 900-400] rr. 0 1.9. upowsoubia KaHoH3anua ]Ipepnelt Awecrs! H OBUIM COCTaBNeHBI HM YTBepKJeHBI mepBEie Mnanoapectatickwe Texersi. B nayane VI 5. 0 #.9. npowsomuia KanoHMSannE “TIpoto-Slcnst A” Ha