AmOapuyman A.A. CJIOBA HPAHCKOP0 MPOMCXO*KAEHHA B AHIJIMMICKOM A3bIKE (Words of the Iranian Origin in English, Arthur Ambartsumian) These words, like daggers, enter in mine ears. William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act 3, Se. 4. Hecmorpa Ha 3Ha4MTeABHY1O OTAaMeHHOCTS AHTIHH OT Vipana (Tlepcun), AHIIMVCKHH A3BIK BCE 2K MMEM HEKOTOPHIE KAaK NPAMBIC, TAK H KOCBEHHBIC KOHTAKTH C HpaHCKHMH A3BIKaMH, B ‘WacTHOCTH C NepcHCKHM, H ero OpeBHHMH MmpeulecTBeHHHKaMH: APeBHEMepCHACKHM (a351« Tlepcuapi spemen AaHacTHH AXeMeHW0B) M aBecTHiicKuM (a36IKOM Goes paHHero o6pasonanusa Apuant). Or waspanva Flepcuna (Tapca, nbinemmaa nposmuuua Dapc B Vipaxe) Mpow3omuo HasBaHMe crpanei - Mepcua (Persia). Onnaxo camu nepcst Bcerma HagpiBana cBOIO crpaty ApvaHa, wma Apwiickan ctpaHa, OT KOTOpbIxX MpOM3ONLIO IpMHATOE Tenleph HasBaHHe Vipan (anect. Apsara-naxbio, Apsaia- pagpKa, ap.-nepe. ApbaHam (pom. 11. MH. 4), nap. Appax, cp.-nepc. Span, nepc. pax - Iran). [pommm spemena, Korma HeKoTopsie anrnMuane myTain Tlepcwo ¢ HaceneHHBIM myHkTom Tlepmiop (Pershore) 8 rpabetse Yoprectep ganamHo ANTM, WIM CBABIBaIM STHMYECKOe HasBaHHe CaKCOB (Saxon) ¢ Ha3BaHHeM MpaHCkoro meMeHM cakos (saka; cxudos), ciemsr mpeGrmanna KoTOpEIx B BOcTOUHOH ApMeHMH OTPa3HJIMCh B TONOHHMe Caxacena (rpey. gopma) oT ap.-np. Saké-Saéna “nocemenne caxos” (apm. [axamen), 4 8 soctouom pane » Ha3saHwa mposmHumn - CaxactaHa “crpana ‘cakoB” (Carectan, Ceuctan, Cucran) [Turner Sh., 1827]. Cpemm nexcweckux 3aHMCTBOBAHMM W3 MPAHCKHX ASBIKOB BLLENAOTCA TnaBHBM o6pa30M MMeHa COOCTBeHHBIC, STHHYECKMe Ha3BAHHA, BOCHHO- @IMMHHCTpaTHBHad TePMHHONOTHA H TAKE WHat JICKCHKA. Bee cnopa MpaHCKOrO MpOMCXOKAeHHA MOXKHO KiACcHBUMpOBATS TIO BPeMCHH 3aMMCTBOBAHMA, NO ABBIKy H TO HaneKTHOw copme. Ormeyarotca cnosa, npoucxonsume w3 HaMGomee APeBHMX aBeCTHHCKOTO A3bIKA (ao VII B. 0 #.3.), 3 APeBHenepcMACKoro s3b1Ka (TePHO MpaieHHA THHACTHH Axemenngos, V B. no w.9. - IV B, no #’ 5), napdaucxoro (IV 8. no #9. - Il B. 3), cpeauenepcuackoro (nexnesH, 13biKa HMIepHi Cacanuuos, III 8. 4.9. - VII B. H.3.), KNACCHHeCKOrO MeEpCHAGKOrO ASBIKA (mozonepewsckoro) 1 CoBpeMeHHOTO nepenackoro a3bika (ipapcw). Tlomasnmouiee SobUMHCTBO = STHX 3aMMCTBOBaHAM Monaro B aHTMMiicKni u3 ASKIKOB MOCpeAHMKOB: (paHuy3scKoro, HEMCUXOFO, MTA/IbAHCKOTO, jaTbIHH, MpeyecKoro, XHHIM, YPAY, Typeukoro, apa6cxkoro, cupaiicxoro. Arsenic {' a:snik; a:’sentk] “mpmmax {arsenic trioxide); MBILLSAKOBBIM”. Tponmxno » cpemHeanrmuiicxa c XIV sexa B 3HaueHHM “2keNTBIH aypunurment” 13 cTapodpanmyscKoro, cp. jaT. arsenicum, rped. arsenikon, arrhenikon. OcHoBHBIM NpOTOTHNOM K rpeecKoli opMe MOCITY>KHIO6 cupHiicxoe zarnig (zarnika), wMeroulee GeccnopHo upaHcKoe MpOucxoxkaenHe. PonersenHo asect. zaranya- “sonoTow” u cancKp. hari- “sonoracTstii”. Bocxognt ckopee k napdsHckomy WM CeBepo-3an, quameKTHO!i ope *zarnig “sonotol, 30noTHcTSI, NosoMO“eHBI”, NpH MaHHX. napd). zarnén “3onoToit, 3onorveTsii”, H ¢p.-nepe. zarig “newams; crpananue”, zarr “sonoto”, zard “Sxentstii”, zargon “3onoto#; seneuiit”, zarrén “sonoroii”. Maumux.-napdp. zarnén “3onotoli, 30M0THCTEI” 3acBHNeTeNbCTBOBaHO B MaHUXelicKoM ruMHe “Aurag Poutrak” (AP, VII, 27), 8 koropom rosoputca, Tro BCe YenoBeyecKHe NOXOTH, BO BCEX CBOHX 30N04eHEIX Hapatax (WIM 30mOGeHOM GnecKe), 6yayT Opomensi B orons (ud hamag awaridg / zarén ad harw brahm /... dur / ud andist bawénd pad hd) {Boyce M., 1954, p. 160]. 3acsuzerenucrsonanei TakKe TIPHMepsI B APMAHCKOM zarik (coBp. apm. zmex), apa. 4 HOBONepe. zarni, zara “MBIIIBAK” - BC@ OHH BOCKOAAT mHO0 K aBecT. zaranya- “3onoTOM, 30n0THCTEIH”, mu60 & aBect. zairi- “xenrii”. B 2tom mpouecce He npHHMMana yuacTua ApesuenepeuicKaa ocvosa daraniya- “3onoTo; 3onoroit” (cp. daraniya-kara- “sonoTx Jem Mactep; 1osemup”). B nanrmcn Jlapua o crpomrenscrse zBopna B Cysax rosoputes 0 3onoTHx Jem Mactepax (daraniya-kara) 43 Magna w Eranra (DSF: 49-50), rax no-mugmiicKn cnenosano 64 oKHAaTS OPMY C HadasTbHBIM Z: *zaraniya-kara-. B cospemMeHHOM TepCHCKOM s3EIKe Aid oO03HadeHHA PasIHYHBIX BHJOB MBIMIbAKA HCMOsb3yeTca cnoBo arsenik mm arsenik (pesymstar noBTopHoro 3aMMCTBOBAHMA), B TO BPeMA Kak CepHHCTEI MbINIBAK MMCHYCTCA CTapBIM MepCHICKHM CnoBOM zarnizy. [IpesHeupalicKas dopa cmoBa “MBIMEBAK” MoxerT G8ITb BOCCTaHOBNeHA Kak *zarniyaka-. Azure [' 230] “(e6ecuas) nasyps, He60; rony6oit, “nasypusii; nannc- a3ypb”, MpOM3BOAHEIe: azure stone “namuc-nasypb”, azurine “a3ypuH”, azurite “asyput”. Tpouuxno B cpeqHeanrnuiicxuit » XIV s. B Bue asur U3 crapodpanysckoro azur, mpemnonoxkHTeNbHO cTapoucnaHickat MosMbUKaNHA apa6ckoro lazward u3 mepcnackoro laZvard, lajvard “nanuc-nasype, ma3ypuT; YAbTpaMapuH, OT 3€sIeHOBAaTO- AO KpacHoBaTo ronyGoro” (cp. 3a4MCTBOBAHHBIC 8B apm. lazvart’, lazurd, lajvard). Jimmuc-nasyps (nonyaparouewHerit Kamer. Wa3ypHT) MMPOKO NPUMeHAUTIACE ANA OTIENOMHEIX H KOBEMPHBIX Jes B APCBHEM Mupe. Hxtepecho, 4To apeBHHe Mepcsi, B OTAMUHE OT. BOCTOUHEIX MpaHues, Ha3bIBAIM €TO ApyruM cioBoM - kapautaka GyKsanbHo “roay6oro, cunero useta” (cp. HasBaHue o3epa Ypmus - Kapautaka “remo romy60e”. Tax, 8 cBoeit HagUMcH 0 CTponTembcTBe ABopua B Cy3ax, [apuii Benmxnit yrsepxaaer, 4To AparouedHblit kaMeH MATMC-Na3ypb H CeponHK (KapHanHH) Obi HcnomE30BaR QUI CTPOHTeMCTBA 9TOFO ABOpUA, H-3TO GsLIO MpHBeseHO H3 Corquans (Darius, Susa F.. - DSf : 37-39: kasaka haya kapautaka uta si®kabru’ haya ida karta hauv-hacd Suguda abariya). Jjo6praa nasypura Ha caMoM Jeme Bemack TOMBKO B ropHom Bagaxwane, oGmacTd Ha pane Me@xKAyY coBpeMeHHBIMH TamkuxnctatoM a AdranuctaHom. Jhko6onsitHo, 4To gBe BCTpoeHHEIe konoHHE! amtaps Mcaaxnesckoro co6opa Bs Canxr-[etep6ypre BbiImoHeHsI 23 Toro camoro GanaxmancKoro na3yputa. B socrouHom Hpane ucnom3osanoce apyroe cnoso lajvard, mponmmamee B HOBoMepcuacKHii u3 mpyrax, cKopee BOCTOYHOHPaHCKHX quasexros, Ha ——- Tepputopan bopmuposanus7 HoBonepcHsckoro #3bIKa (dapcn, dapcw zapH, AapH, HbiHeWHMe BocTtouHEiit Hpax, Adrawuctan # tor Cpemueii Asa) Haswnas c VIII-DX as. HcxoaHat dbopma MoxkeT ObITb BOCCTaHOBMeHa Kak *rajavarta- Soxpamtentssatt B Gnectauny1o/aynecHy!0/uapcKylO Kpacky; yibTpaMapHHOBoH OKpackH”, OT apesvenp. *raja-, *raji- “Gnectammit, uynecuptit,; uapcKui, ynbTpamapHHoBsiit, BO3MOX%KHO TaKKe H Ha3BaHHe MECTHOCTH, Pe MOOBIBAJICA MasypHT”. Or nepe. lajvard mpoucxoaat Taixe anrnulicxne Tepmunet Lajvard ware / Lajvardina ware. Tepmun Lajvard ware “naxeapgostie Basi 4 Om0na”, H3BeCTHEI Tak xe Kak 4 Lajvardina ware “namxpapguHoseie Basel A Om; ABALACTCA Ha3BAHMeM pa3HOBMAHOCTH Ba3 M3 MpaHcKoro ropoza Kaman, YynOMAHYTBIX BHepBbie B Tpaktate AGy an-Kacuma o xepamuxe (1301). CraBuive 3HaMeHHTBIMM, KalllaHCKHe 64361 BLITIOMHATMCh C MM3aiHOM B BUIe MpOCTEIX KpacHEIx, OesBIX, YePHEIX HM 3OMOTHCTEIX NeTecTKOB Ha OuplosoBOit WIM TeMHO CHHeit MaToBoli rna3ypH. Pucyuxu oOsrao Gsm aGcTpakTHBIMH 4 upeToqHbimMH. Jina npousBogcTsa cuHei ra3ypH HCnONB3OBaMach sAMHC- nasyps (lajvard). Tpowssoncrso “namxsapgosbix Ba3 4 Omon” nonyano0 pacpocrpaHeHHe co BTopoi nonopuHbI XII sexa. Jlysmme oOpasust KallaHCKOH ryia3ypH YKpallialoT KOUWICKUMM MHOTHX MYSC€B H “aCTHBIX xommexunit (HeGonbMad KONWIEKUMA BEICTaBIeHa Take B Orgene Bocroxa TocygapcrsenHoro Spmuraxa). Bahadur, bahader [baha:’do] “snameumrsii senosex ( oOsiKHOBeHHO 06 ocunepe BpwtaxcKoii apmnu); kasanep Opnexa Bpxrancxoit Mngun sropoii creneHn (HarpaklaiMch TONBKO HHAWHUDI, coy apm 8B GpwtaHcKoit apMuH, yupexyen B 1837 rogy); saxHaa oco6a, BembMoxa”. [Ipoucxogur oT HHI. copa bahadur “repoit, BowH”, 3aMMcTBOBaHHOrO M3 Tepe. bahadur “xpaOpstii, cMemsiii, OTB@KHBIM; GoraTsIpp, repoli”, cp. mepe. bahaduri “xpaGpocts, cMenocts”, bahaduran “‘sckanpon”. BocxommT BeposTHo x apaGo-nepe. cym. baha “nena, cToumocts; Greck, xpacota” (ot cp.-nepe. wahag “croumocTs”), K upun. baha+dar/dur “oOnagarommit GneckoM, cMaHMeM, KpacoToi, OTCIONa CMENOCTBIO H YeCTEIO”. Bazaar [bo’za:} “socrounsiii Gasap; OnarorsopurenbaBiii asap; Sonbmoiit Mara3HH; Gonsmod Toprossiii 3am”. B axraniicxom ¢ 1612 r. 43 nepc. bazar “perox, 6a3ap”, Bocxomamero K cp.-nepe. wazar “pEHOK”. Cax3aHo ¢ agecr. vicarana- “MecTo pa3Boya, OTIeNeHHA; pasBHIKa, OTBETB/IEHHE, MECTO, C KoTOporo pacxogatcd Aoporn” (SIcua 42, 1: “mi mouMTaem OTBeTBJEHHA AOpOr # COcCHMHeHHA Zopor (patqmca vicarand yazamaidé padgmca hanjamané yazamaide)”, Aut 11, 4; Buurracn Sure 54). Caravan [’keroveen] “kapasax, dyprou; Kpsirat unraHcKaa Temera; Nepezswxnot OM Ha Koslecax; AOM-asTonpauen, 20M-cypron”. Tonano B anrMMiicknit a3prk ¢ 1588 r, wepes rat, caravana oT nepe. kar(e)van “kapapaH”, cp.-nepe. karwan “kapapaH; BOcHHaa KOOHHa, Opa, BoHicKo” (apm. karawan, karewan “xapasax”), nocgesHee mpoucxoguT oT ap.-up. kara- “BoiicKo, Hapon; Toma; rpymoa crpaxicTByioulMx moneit”. Moxer OGbACHATECA Take Kak H ‘apanrapx Bolicxa” oT up.-wp. *kara-pana- “oxpanmoumit BoitcKo”. Panee