SKMKTHYECKyIO YaCTb Bcero KysbTypHoro Komnmexca. M panuas Tapdua, a KyuancKaa depkaba AaBIOT TOMy spKuii mpumep. BecbMa moKasaTeabHO MHOrOKOMNOHeHTHOe opmuposanvie coramiickoli UMBHAIN3ALWMM ops patHero cpenHeBeKoBEA, 2TOrO spyalimiero genomexa Lewtpansioli Asani, KoTopsili Obin ocTaHoBneH Ha cBOeM BameTe apaGcKuM 3aBoeBaHWeM M MlocnegoBaBuicii 3aremM ueneBol ucaamusaunelt. JleyxkomnoneHTHoe coecauHeHve Tpannunii uMBHAH3aNHH apeBHero Cora M cTaHapTos sacbipaapbMHcKolt kyabtypbt KayHun Obit0 oGorauleHo ycToi#MHebiMH TpalMUHAMH KyUlaHcKOrO KysbTypHOrO HaCHeACTBa, OpraHHYeckH BKTIOYABLIMMH HMHAMiicKHe KOMMOHEHTBI, M — Ja 30HTApHOil cyOkyabtypsi — Tpaquunamu Cacannackoro Hpana. A. A. AmGapuyman (Canxt-Tletep6ypr) TPH NAPOSAHCKHX TEPMHHA M3 “AMAJITAP-H 3APEPAH” Coxpanupuuech MCbMeHHBIe NaMATHHKH napiaHcKoH 9noxH H3BecTHBI Gnarosaps HECKOBKHM CpeqHelepcHICKHM NepeBotaM H nepepaOoTkaM, OCYIIeCTBCHHEIM B CaCaHHJICKOM Mpane 8 V ~ VI ss. OgHHM H3 TaKHX maMATHHKOB napdsHcKol mHTepatypel aBaaeTcA cTHxoTBopHoe couMHeHHe “Aiianrap u Sapepan” (“Ayadgar i Zaréran” - “Cxasanne [Han Tlamatuaa xunra] 0 3apepe”, nanee - 43), nepepadoranvoe no-cpeauenepcuacka B VI B. H NocBaulenitoe Tepoweckoli noGene MpHHABLIMX 3opoacrpH3M uMpaHues Han xuMonaMn, Tparnueckoli rHGen nonkoBoqUa 3apepa H MHOTHX H3 ero copaTHHKos (Jamasp-Asana 1897: 1- 17). Texet A3 conepant Goabutoe sHcTO napharicKHX cnos H hpasconorH4eckHx oGoporos, koTopbie, 6narogapa 3Ha4HTeENHOMY sHTepaTypHOMy BaHaHMO TapdHH, B cacaHMAcKOe BPeMA 6bi1M WHKOpnopHpoBaHst B cpemHenepcuscKHii s3bIK. B HaCTOALIeM COOSLIEHHH MBL paccMoTpHM Tpu napdstickHx Tepmuna: wispuhr, hamhirz 4 bayaspan. I. Wispubr, waspuhr, waspuhrag, waspuhragin (43 § 1, 2, 79, 88). Cenepo-sanannaa napdaxcKas (opma crtona wispuhr (ioro-sanagnaa opma *wispus B IIHCbMeHHBIX HCTOUHHKaX He 3abHKcHpopala), nepeBonuMad HaMH Kak “MpHHU, CbIH powa, CbIH UapeTBeHHOrO poza”, BeTpesaeTca B HallleM TeKcTe B HECKONBKMX BapHaHTaX: B (OpMaX MH. 4. wispuhragan - §1, 62, 63, 68; waspuhragin — § 2, p opme ex. 4. waspuhr ~ § 79, 88. B. Felirep nepezoann ero Kak “die Grossen” po pcex cayyasx, A. Manbapo — kak “dignitari”, a B § 79, 88 Kak “la nobilita di Vistasp” wm kak “la nobilita vistaspiana”, 9, Bepenucr — kak “les princes de mon sang” (§ 62), X. C. Hpto6epr — kak “the princes of the blood royal” u “the (foremost) heir of the Vistasp family”, J]. Moxum-3ag9 - Kak “die Prinzen”, C. Oppan — Kak “Sahzadegan, Shahzade-ye Gostisbi", a A. M, Haspa6n — Kak “xdssin”. Tlepnoe suayenne cosa wispuhr (apam, naeorpamma: BRBYT? “ciin noma”), sbisoqutcs H3 apectulicKoro viso,pubrd (ap.-up. *visah- puSra-) (Aut V.33) “chin poga”, obpasopaxHoro no THny tatpurusa, Korma nepsoe cyulectBHTenbHOe cayakHT onpeeneHHem KO BTopomy (cp. napd. baypuhr “cei Gora”), 2Kevickan napanten’ ero coxpanwsacs TonbKO B MaphaHcKoM wisduxt, apaM. wleorpaMMa BRBYTH (Nyberg 1974: 205, 214-215). Onno 3 npowsBogHbIx 3HayeHHii cnoBa wispuhr — “suaTHbii BenbMOxa MPH ABOpe uapsa”, “npemcTaBHTens sBbicMIero cocnoBAa”, no X. C. Ho1o6epry, “a nobleman of the highest classes”, coraco xe X. Baptonom, “die Mitglieder des persischen Hochadels” (Bartholomae 1911: 254). Crap sspocasimi, MpMHUsI HapcKOro posa HAIK CbIHOBEA UAPCKHX PoOB, 110-BHAHMOMY, OCTABHIIM 3a COO! TTY. eucnyxpos, KOTOPEI CTA BIlOCHe ACTH Ha3BaHHeM BbICUIeTO COCAOBHA & cacaHMAcKOM Hpane (cp. KoHTeKcT “Kamamag TArdaxsir 7 Pabagdn”, 17; XV.8;9; XVIIL4 — raw no eosom waspubragdn uMeiorca seuay MONOABE MPHHLLS! WAPCKOTO Poxa, cp. cHHOHHM aburdyzidavin — “HecopepwenHoreTHne pnuuis”). CyScrantupuposannas dopwa waspubr, ¢ nonrHM raacHsiM B epsom czore, OOwACHAETEN MosBIeHNEM & PAHHeM cpenHenparicKom josrolt cryneHM vrddhi — *vaispudri “otHocautniies & csiHy pou”, 110 anaiorHH co cxosoM SAbistin “ornocauuiicn « rapewy, calyx”, BOsHKUIeMy OT NpocToH hope! Sabistan “rape” (Henning 1958: 45: JIykonms 196]. OtnocutenbHo cemartuyeckoro cootHowenna uM nepesona wispuhr/waspuhr 4 Wispuhragdn/waspuhragan K HacToauleMy BpeMeHH CAOXHAHCh ABE paziHyMbIe TOUKH Spenna. Mexona ws stauenua “npanu”, B.B. Xewnunr conocrasna wispuhr/waspuhr ¢ natuicKot napoit Princeps’prinsipalis u aine.1 coorHoutenne prince’principal (npuniocHosHol aN raasHeit), TTo MHeHHI Xenwira opwa waspuhr sBasetea mpinaraTeabHbIM MM AOmKHA HMeTs cBoe cofcrseHHoe sHayeHHe “ocHoBHoH, cneunatbHbil, riaBHblii”. B cMBieTe “nepsoro no panry 4 saxnoctu” (Henning 1964: 95-97). Ito nosoxeHHe pasnenia TaoKe JL H Makxen3n, NPCLIOKUBUINH 28 KOHTeKCTA Halero naMsTHHKa Nepesox “special companions”. To ero neni, bopwst wispuhragan W hamhirzan § | aBasiotea HcKaKeHHbIMM (corrupt), Torna KaK §2 nossasiorea npasnassbie (correct) dopusi waspuhragan u hamhirzén (MacKenzie 1971: 88: 1984: 156). OntaKo cneayer ormerirs, 410 06a sapwanra, ¢ veddhi w Gea nee (kak wispuhrhamhirzin, tak waspuhr/hamhirz), no ope sensors CeBepo-3anaqHbIMH, T. e. HaphaHcKuMH, Pey Moxker WITH TOsIbKO OG OTHOUIEHHH nepenueunKa HAN Nepesos4na k 3THM Gopwam. $1 spasetes BpoaMBIM H MpHHaLtexNT penakropy waH Tepenucanky, Kotopsiti ynorpeGaseT aaecb Gostee npapbiunsie emy copmei, Ges viddhi, nannune koropoli B § 2 TPAMMATHMECKH HE ONPABAHO, B OT-IHMe OT OCTANBHEIX NpAMepoB ero YnOTpEG:IeHHA B TeKcTe ($79, 88). Ovepnausie cayyan samensi napdanicKux op cpemenepcwckumnt MHOrO4HCIeHHBI. Tak, HanpHmep, B § 5 o4eBHAHOe napd. bidax’ “stopoii nocae uaps, CORETHHK” saMeHeHo Ha cp.-nepe, p&Enigin salar; a § 82 napd. Axwarbed “raasubili koMOUIN” damenielo Ha cp.-nepe. axwar-silar, sosMoxHo napd. dopsa mask (1) padixéih “uapeKas nagatka” (§ 43) npoayOanposana HepenHcaHkom CpeaHenepcHacKoli mask (7) abarzén (§ 44), Tpeanosoxenne B.B. Xennunra pacxonutca c obacuenuamn X.X Ileaepa, 9. Beusenncta, X. C. HiioGepra w A. T. Tepixanan. Cornacuo aprymenram nocaenuelt, norams TepacHeTBA HET Hit 8 OCHOBHOM, HH B MpOHIBOAHOM HpAHICKOM TepMHHe. 3HaNeHna “OcHOBHOH, MaBHbil, NepseHicreyiouNnii, creunanbibti” He noxTBepKAaOTeA npoRepKolt ynorpe6nenns sToro TepMitHa B KOHTexcTaX. Tak, HanpiMep, B cpeaHenepcnackoM TexcTe “Abar stayéntdatth 1 sir afin” (§10) pus T waspuhr - 9To “coit-HacaeanHK, KpounpHHU”, a He “principal son”, kak Ssi10 npexnoxeHo wuraT. Xennnurom. Tepmnn wispuhr/waspuhr cueayer nepesonuts 8 3HANeHHSX “CbIH pona, NPHHU, HacneaHUK” (Périkhanian 1968: 16-23; Tepuxanan 1983: 218- 223, 348-350). Tleppoe 3nayenne cosa wispuhr coxpanwioch B KYpacKoM bispor, "poaomkatoutem uparickoe *visahpura- B sHayexM “cain oma” (son of the house) (MacKenzie 1961: 376), Tipenctapasetea ovesnausim, uto B Texcte 43 peu niet He TOABKO 0 kponnpanuax wan HACHEAHAKAX, @ TAKE O NPHHUAX — CbIHOBBAX PozoB B OOuLeM cmbicne. To cBazetencTBy Keenodorra, HanpHMep, ace cbiHoBbs BBICOKOTIOCTABIEHHEIX repcos BOCKHTEIBAMcE TIpH ABope uapa (Anab. 1.9.3). B § 1m § 2 A3 ynommnatotes cbiHosbs 1 Opatsa uapa Buurracna, 1 TawKe Oce APYTHE NPMHLIBI - CHIHOBLA POOR, MPHHABLINE masaaxcuniicKyIo Bepy. B § 62 n § 63 uaps Bumrracn co6upaetes nocenuTs cBoux cbiHOReli, 6parbes H BCEX OCTATBHBIX cbInOBeH pouos B Meanoli Kpenocta. B § 68 nape Buuiracn rosoprt, uto He ocrapiT MasnascHniicKyio Bepyaxe B TOM ciy4ae, ECNH MOrHOHYT BCe ero CbIHOBbA, OpaTbA, MPHHUbI - CbIHOBbA PONOB, a TaWwoKe sera Xygoc (ATocca), ponusuias 30 ctiHoBeli u 2o4Nepeli. B § 79 u § 88 ynomMHaioTca Tpuunst - céiHoBsa noma Buturacra, KOTOpKIX BAHT B 6010 Bacteap; oTcioga cTaHoBHTcA TOHSTHBIM, 4TO B HCHO NPHHLUeS — cbIHOBeH A0Ma BMUITacha BXONAT TaKKe H CbIHOBBA Gunaxmia Jbkamacna. Bot cnucok eucnyxpos, cornacHo texcra A3: cbiHoBba Buurracria — ®pamasapa u Cnanabaa, Oparea Buurracna — 3apep u Tlagxocpap, cbHOBbA PoOB — CHIH Zpxamacna pamur-kapa, cbt 3apepa Bactsap. Mo ogHomy 43 mpeanonoxennii A. TMasbapo, OTHOCHBUIeMyca K IpyroMy cpemHerlepcHACKOMy TeKcTy, Nom TepMHHOM Wspuhrag MoxkHO BUJeTb “He3aKOHHEIX, HesakOHOpOXseHHEIX AeTeii” (figlio illegittimo — Pagliaro 1947: 68-71), ¥TO He MOxeT ObITb MpHHATO. OTMeyeHHBIe B HallleM TeKcTe (bopMb! wispuhragan/waspuhragan aBAAIOTCA POPMaMH MH. 4. oT nlapd). wispuhrag/waspuhrag, o6pas0BaHHEIX OT Goslee NpocToHi ops: wispuhr/iwaspuhr npu nomouum cydéukca —ag. Hx, ecrectReHHo, He cilenyeT nyTaTs co CpeqHEMepCHACKHM C/IOBOM, 3aHMCTBOBAHHBIM TaKKE M3 MapiaHCKOTO, ABMAIOUIEMCA HE cYllecTBHTeNBHEIM, a MpMAarateabHBIM, OOpas0BaHHEIM mpH moMomM cydxpuKca — agin/wspuhragin “HacaegcTseHHaa goss; npHaatoe; co6craeHHBii”. Tepmua wispuhr 6x1 3AMMCTBOBAH B APMAHCKOM B QOpMaX ubynepS sepurh 1 ubym4 sepuh “sHaTHEIH BenbMoxa, ABOpaHHH”, a npwsiaratenbHoe waspuhragan B dopMe ubypulywts sep’akan “coGcTaeHHEti” (*wisepuhr->sepuh, -ah->-e-; cp. Taioke Ha3BaHMe apMaHcKoli nposnauun BacnypakaH — ‘Lwuujneguityusts Vaspourakan) (Benveniste 1929: 9-10; Hiibschmann 1892; 327; Tepyxanan 1983: 221, 349-350). Il. Hamhirz, hamhirzin (43 §1,2). Cnoso hamhirz (cesepo-sanaawaa dopma) NepeBosMTeH HaMH Kak “NOMOUIHHK, KOMM@HEOH, CIYTHHK, COnpOBOLHTem, copaTHHK”. B § 2 nepenucuHkom octasnena ero napisnckaa dopma himharz/hamhirz. MapdaucKoe hamhirz 3aCBHeTEMBCTBOBAHO B MaHHXelicKo-raphaHCKHX Texctax 3 Typdana (A.-H. Ill). B anaore Mexay Goro 4 “reioM”, HanvicaHHoM B (OpMe THMHa, MpHBOMMTcA cnenyloUlee BEIPAKeHHe: dad-am azadift 6 16, man hamhirz “a nan cpo6ony Te6e, Moii cnyTHHk” (Boyce 1975: 173 [§ 15]). O6pasoBaHo 370 COBO, M10-BHMMOMY, NYTeM CnOxeHHA Npedukca copmectHocTH ham/him OCHOBBI HacTosulero BpemeHH hirz “ocTaBnaTb, NOKHJaTs, ocBoboxKTaTS” (unt. hiStan), oT anecr. haraz- “ornyckars, ocso6oxnats” (Ghilain 1939: 49). Cesepo-sananas hopma hamhirz 3ACBHILeTENBCTBOBAHA TakXKe B CpeMHEMepcHJICKOM TeKcTe napisHcKoro NpowcxoxseHna “Draxt T asiirig” (§ 57), rae ko3a, pacxBaqMBaa CBOM AOCTOHHCTBA, TOBOPHT, YTO H3 €€ KOXAH eNawT cacbaHOBBIe CaMlOrH AIA 3HATHBIX BeABMOX, JOOMeCTHEIX rBapzefities, CopaTHHKos Uapa (mdzag ham *saxtagén || Gzadan *wasndd // angustban husrawan // sah hamhirzan). Tlapauckaa opma hamharz 6si1a 3aMMcTBOBaHA B JPeBHeaPMAHCKOM s3bIKe B BAe TepMHHA CunfusCwpq, (hamaharz). 9, Beuwennct mpemaran HecKonbKO M10 TpakToBKy nlapdaHcKomy hambharz. Tlo ero MHeHHIO, 30 cn0B0 O6pa3zoBaHo He MH MoMoWM npeduKca ham- , a npH nomomm hama- “tout” (Becb, Bce): *hama-harza (vm hyza-) “qui fait abandon de tout” (ror, kTo ‘OcTABAAET BCE), TO ECT TOT, KTO XKEpTBYET BCEM, YTO Y HETO ECTS, B TOM YHCHE H CBOE KHSHBIO. Tostomy 8 cose hamharz (mu. 4. hamharzin/hamhirzin) BeuBenuct BHAMT yka3aHHe Ha BOHHOB oco6oli cacaHumcko#i rsapnuu gydn-abesparin “skeprByloulx cBoeli_>KH3HBIO, CaMOOTBEpKEHHBIX”, HHCTHTYT KOTOpO!l, C eTO TOYKH 3peHHs, BOIMOxHO GbLI 3aMMCTBOBAH Cacanwaamu y napdauckux Apuiaxntos (Benveniste 1936: 197; Geiger 1930: 197-198; 06 OGbscHeHHH gySn-abespar B 3HayeHMM “nomlaHHoro, Baccana”, TO ecTs “BpyyaroUlero CBOIO 2KM3Hb KOMy-JIH60” cm. Widengren 1957: 79-89). StoT TepMHH XOpOUIO 3aCBHAeTeENbCTBOBAaH B “Kamdmag...”: tan ud gyan abespardan (XII.16,19) ‘skepTBopaTb Te0M M 2KH3HBIO”, gyan- abesparin kardar (XIII.18) “nogyanneii, spyyaioumii cBo10 2KH3Hb, —mpemanHetii”.