A.A. AnGapuysan (Cannxr-Tlerep6ypr Poccuiicxas Dexepauis) TIPOPOYECTBA JDKAMACTIA H OPAKYJIbI THCTACTIA. K MHTEPIIPETALMH 30POACTPHHCKHX ATOKA JIMNTHYECKUX TPATMUMI * Ta-Owa paras Ahura ya-zi ditt janghatcd «A cpauimpaio Te6a, Axypa, 0 TOM, #TO MPOucXoAMT H 470 mporsoizer» Saparyurtpa. Slcxa 31, 14 Sopoactpuiickaa anoKanHntHeckas JMTepaTypa MeeT jaBHIOIO TpAdMNMIO, H m0 obuleMy UPHSHAHHIO, OKasaIa HAUTE THOS BINANHE Ha HopMupoBanMe anoKANMMTHYecKHx TpagHunii Bawakero Bocroxa 4 Esponbi, B ocoGenHoctu nyaancteKoit 1 xpuctuancKoit (cp. Gubuelicxme Kaur Jaunusa, Espsi, Evioxa, Mepemun, «Orkposenne Hoanna» u 7. a.). JJoureaume 20 Hac pasnens «Anecta» ye ComepxkAIH OCHOBHBIE H KmIOYeBLIE NoOXeHHA 30poactpHiicKOl anoKanunTHueckoH MbicmH. TonysHM o1H AambHelimee pasBHTHe B CACAHHCKYIO SNOxY — B NepHon pacuBeta sopoactpuiicKoli penurHl, H 6s JIM OKOHYaTeMbHO ChopMupoBaHbI 3opoacrpuiinamn B X—XIII ap., ye nocne 3aoeBanna Vpasa apa Mit H pacnpoctpanieHua ucnaMa. BomiwHHCTBO 3opoacTpHiicKHX KHIDKHO-NexseBHTICKHX coumHeHHi ano- KanMMTHYecKoro coneprAKUA OBiT0 CKOMMILINpOBALO M OTpeTAKTHUPORAHO ocsIe XB. («ByHAaxHMD, — . MpoGreme wetepnperaat oToro TekeTa nocaamen WexLiii pay crareli uecnenopatni [em., Hanpumep: Hultgard 1991]. Kak usnecTHo, ocHosiiaa poab B 30poacTpuiicKoM anoKasMncHce OTBOAHTCA (pType caMoro ApO- poka 3aparyurrpst. HMerio on, 106biaB B TpaHcHeHeHTHOM CHe, Homy4aer Aap MpeaBILeHAA MuposHA STIOX H packpLiBaeT rpAsLyUINe COOLITHA, HCONB3YA NPHEM BOMPOCOR H OTBETOB H MOAy4aR ITH SHAH O HEX OT BepxoBHoro Gora Opmasza B oTeT. OaHaKo B MpaHcKoi TpaNMUIHH TaKOH zap UMeer He ToxKO Saparyurrpa. Tpu pasnsix oGcrosTembcrBax HM HauMHaloT O6sazaTs TaKHe GAMSKHe ZapaTyLITpe A103, kak ero 3HaMenutoiii noxposuren Buurracn 4 J>kamacn, 3aTb 3apatyuirpsl m coserunx Buwracna Zpkamacn nonysaer cnocoGHocts npeapuzeHuA HerlocpenctseHHO oT Sapatyurrpsl («3apatyurr-saM», «Ajiaarap-n Jjxamacnur»). Yro kacaerea Buurracna, 10 3apatyumrpa npenocrapiset eMy BO3MOKHOCT. NPeABHLEHHA JMU OTYACTH, a HMeHHO SHaHHe cBoeii KOHEYHO! cyABOBI H MecTa B OCAeAYIOUeM OATH Buurracna norpyxkaetea 8 TpancueHAeHTHHiii con H, MoxOGHO xpeny Bupasy, Binur cé6x 8 nocneayie em OpirHH («JleHKapa» VII, 4, 84—86; «Ilexaesuiicknit Pusart> XLVII, 27—32). Tax o6ctonr sen0¢ Buurracnoii, cornacho yrsepanpurelica 3opoacrpuiicKoii Tpanuunu. BMecte c Te, 3HaHHe 06 «Oparyaax Tuicracnia> B rpexo-pHMcKOM Mupe To3BosIAeT NpennonaraTs, 4TO 30poactpuiicKHe APeUBI H Mari 3a Holi vactu Manoii Azim Bce xe Mor HaenaT Buulracna TaKHMH 2Ke KAYeCTBAMH BeBeseHA H Mpe BHeHH, KAKHMH O6s1a2a1M 3aparyurrpa n JpKamacn. Tpanunonnutii 3opoacrpuiickuit csox npoposects Jbkamacna coxpanWica B ABYX BepCHsX: O2W Gonee o6vemuan nasenjcKas Bepcux — sro «Aiianrap-n J>kamacnur> («[lpenanme, namaTHaa KHUTa 0 Tbxamacne», pyxonucn DE, RJ), mpyras, Gonee Kpatkaa m cbparmentapHaa cpeanenepcnsckar— «<[bxamacn-Hamar («Knura Jpxamacna», pyxoned MU, DE, MU2, MU3, MUs). Hanecrisi Taxxe aamupy- emaa X—XI. nepcuackas 3opoacrpuiicKas epcua «J>Kamacni («J>KaMacn-HaMo>, «AxKast-n [fai Macn>) (pykonuc MH;, TD, BU 29) 4 nosakaa HcaaMusHponanHaa nepcusckaa BepcHa «AXKaNe Apxamacn> (Haynonanbtiaa OuOnnoreKa Tlapwxa, Supplément Persan, 1091; Punaat JapaGa Xopwoy- jiapa) [Amizgar 1969: 196]. Cpeanenepcuackas (KHWKHO-nexneBHiicKas) Bepcus, no yTsepxneHitO 9, Yoera, cocrassaia 32 icra, 3 KOTOpLIX No Hac NOLIN AMcTEL 17—19 27—31 [West 1904: 110}. B HacToaltige BpeMa ova npencTapaxeT cOOoii Bcero TPH HeGobUINX dpparmeHTa, CanueHute TeKCTs Gor umictsa pykonuceli 641111 ony6anKoBaHLI 3HAMeHUTHIM y4eHbIM-napcoM Jbk. Zbx. Moan [Modi 1903]. Tlosansa sopoactpuiicxas Tpaguna cunraer JbKkamacna asTopoM He TOMbKO nepBoHaviatbHo nes AesuiicKoli sepeun « (VIII, 38,68), onvicanmo octouners u xKu3HH Jhxamacna u ero Opera * PaGora shinoanena npu (pin: i noanepaxe PTH®, rpant No 02-01-00080a. 334Gpauaourrpot Goi nocwauten paren «Caraaym Hacka>, o Jpxantacne KaK raapsioM axpette yriomniai0ch nacxe » 19-om parapae «Bapurrmancap Hacka». Tixamacn Xnorea, Gpar Dpauiaourrpst, cynpyr oslepy Zapatyurrpst ToypysMeTst, weuuuten coner- wwow uapa Buurracnist u, cormacio mpenanio, 38801 Mecto 3apatyurTpsl nocHe ero cMeptu. B anoKa- “sumueckoli muTeparype eMy OTREAeHO 3HaUTeNbHOE MecTo. «ABecTe> H3BeCTeH M APyro! Tbxamacn — ‘x mowsaemsiit Zbxamacn Maaauinii (aparacdta-) (Sum 13, 127), Haswanubiii B YecTs CBoeTO TPO tmanenHoro TpeMIeCTBCHHUKA H CLIrpABIIMi: OMIpeseIeHHY!O poss B 30poactpHilicKoii HcTOpHM TlocHe tuepru Saparryurrpsi nt Zbkastacra craputero. O6 atom pasztese sopoaeTpilicKoll neTopHit He Coxpasisioce nani cacnennii, XOTA TIO COMepHKANHIO MeMOpHabHoli YacTH «panapaun Aura MoxHO MpenTo- onrb, 170 HMeHa TepoeB, MpHBEAeHHBIX B KoHUE § 127 HB § 128, Hapaay c MMeHaMM Mealio-MaHXH fouuero nv YpBaTar-HapHl MAamUETO, MMCMHANCH KaK GyayuINe MoMOULHNKH cnaciTenelt — ehHoRelt Spmyutpor: Vxutiar-opersi, Yxuiiar-Howbl n Acreat-operst (cp. «laxecras-n Hour» 36, 4, re ymo- yuyroi Mena WecTH APYTHX NlOMOLINHKOB, NepesuieMeMMEIK TarcKe BAwme 13, 128). B wosorepenickolt suteparype Jbkawacn wsnecreH Kak Myapent w acrponor, yaenux IlyKwara, voruza xoToporo sioxamusyerca Bose cenenua Kupana w apce. Emy npunnctisaetes aptoperso «]LKa- vesnawe> (), 8 KOTOPOM OH KOGKI NpesICKA3AN, TO y Mpopoka MyxaMMeaa He OyAeT YyxexKoro NOTOMCTBA, KAK M70, #TO rpsuier cMepth uMawa Xyceiiva, awsTeR Maxam mt TaweseKa7, B 7 tpn xax 0poactpiiickie TeKCTsI He cOeprKaT TaKHX mpoposeeTs. STH mpoposectsa ZhkaNacna, BEPO- mo, ocHOBLIBAIOTCA Ha HECOXpAHUBIEMCA MYCysIDMaHICKOM nMpenanun o Jhkamacne (cp. «, w camoM ee Haviae TaKOKe ToBOpUTES O TaN, fo lixawacn npowcxonwa u3 onuoli H3 aepenens AsapGaanrana (Arponateust) [Modi 1903: 58, 108}. forsactio nosmHelt repcunexolt serene, 20 pMHaTHA SopoacrpHiicKolt penurunt Tbxaacn Osin yeu jon muaulickoro Myapeua Yaxrpanrxaya («anrpanrxay-Hame>). B cParax» Jixastacn Hasbmaerca Jemxamacna (wim [la-7pxamacna: ena 51, 18, Aena 46, 17), 0 yo ua Tonkyetea sopoacTpHfinamit Kax «mynpsili (snaioutuit) JbxaMacr. Bropas act 2Toro HMeHH gasmnsaetes ¢ nen, ksimé-, ram mpaxpur. jhdma- ). M. Maiipxosep, oHaKo, onarait, ‘To touerieckoe cooraercTsne ap.-muia. ks- / cp.-nnia. jh- ¢ aBect. (dj- comnutembuo. StumonorHs OT APY- foro xopuia Osina nipenstoxexia H. Tepuiennyem: anect. uMa Jamaspa-, aaceuiaeTesIbcTBORAHHOE B Tepce- fore xax Zamasba, exopee Bcero, osHasiaer «leading horses» («Beayuuuii xowaneli»), ro GAN3KO sHaNe- tao napaicKoro Kopi Zam- «flhren, conduire» (Tunen), Hexen sHaenmio «exerting; emaciating» (aapmsoaauunit p zelicTave, Hanparaiouuiit; siumarsipaiouunity), seiBoAMoMy Belian, Kovopit Haxoni rapannem c xoranocakcxum ggaunda [Gershevich 1969: 177]. (© Jixanacne ronopurea 8 «Maaauieii Anectey. B neconennax «Apasneyp Aura» (un 5. 68— 10) ero oGpas pocnepaeres H caROCTOBHTeR Hapssly ¢ MMeHAMM repowvecKHX uapelt M Gorarsipeii. Jpavacna cuirpan oco6y10 pot BO BpeMa Boiitis C «xiiaona». Ont nepssilt samerHuT (pairi.avagnat) wn tpemnien Hyltee H3ANEKA BpAXecKoe BoHICKO ASHINHHKOB (a96-MOKOHHHKOB): §68 _1gm yazata jamaspo 68. «Ee nownras J>xamacn, jul spa6am pairi.avaznat Kora OH yBHjleA BOlicKO, dirt ayantam rasmaoyo wayulee H3pameKa B GoeBom Mopaalke, drvatgm daevayasnangm... (Boficko) rpeWHbIX 0a36a-OKOHHHKOB, 469 at him jaidyat, 69. Ox npocut ee TaK: vat dyaptam dazdi.me “« ms sayuhi saviste aradvi sitre anahite Tapyit ure Tarcyto GnarozaT», yaa azam avata varoira hacdne O, Gnaras, HanMoryutecTBeHHas, jada vispa anya aire. ‘Apapu Cypa Anaxira, 4T00bt 3 {10 dattat ahmai tat avat ayaptam onlepxkan Taky!o noGesly, 335kakyio ace apuiitist ocTanbHBIe ofleprkat”. 70. Jlaponana ona emy Taxyi0 61arozaTs, ‘Apaeu Cypa Auaxuta...» Tlepsonayanbubie npopoyectsa J>kaMaca, 8 OTTMMHE OT MOSAHHX 30pOaCTPHViCKHX, OTPAKEHBI, MO 2xanyii, B Gombuleli CTeneHH B 30poacTPHiiCKHX CONMHEHHAX STMYECKOTO H WHJAKTHYECKOTO COnepxaHs, B YACTHOCTH, B CpemHeMepcHACKOM (MexNeBHHICKOM) INHYecKOM ¢parMeHTe KeAHH/ICKOTO repoHeckoro oMloca, ROcTIeRAIOUeM TIOABHTH KslaHa 3apepa, ROeHAYaTBHHKa Mpaxa Bpemen 3aparyuirpsi m Jbkasacna.B «Aijaarap-n 3apepar («IIpemannn 0 3apepe>, aaiee — A3) J>kamacn cHaGxxext onmreramu bidax’ «em poi mpasurens; conetuuk», dandg «myapeu», wéndg «nposmgeu», Sndsag «3HaToK», pésénigan si «aba TIpHABOpHEIX, MpHOMWKeHHBIX Laps» ', Bo BpeMa CBOerO Mapua K MecTY cpaxkeHHs c xifoHaMH oiicko Buurracnia cTanKHBaeTCa CO CTpaHHIMH MpHpOAHBIMH ABCHHAMH: LeH BApyr npespauaetos 8 HOw (BOSMOKHO, YKASAHHE HA CONHEIHOE 3aTMeHHe, HIM HMeeT MECTO 4PesMepHad rHMepGOMHsAUMA 8 OnMcaHHH BBICTyTMIeHHA ROlick), TO GbI10 MpHHATO 3a MMOxce mpemzHaMeHoBanue. Tlo npuKay Buurracna Boiicko OcTaHOBHIOCk M PACKHHYsI0 raiaTKH, Ha 300 BepeBOK KOTOPBIX Gbis10 nloBs3aH0 300 3010TKIX KONOKONbuHKOB. B uApCKOM maTpe Guin yeTpoeH Talitibii CoBeT, Ha KOTOPOM aps yéem Ibxamacna npeackasars coOsiTua Gyaymeli 6ures1. Iepen Buurracriom cpoe Hexkes1aHHe MoBenaTb o nper- CTOAIMNX TparHHeckHXx COOBITHAX OH apryMeHTHpyeT cnemyioNLMM OGpasom: «O, ecmM Get # He GBLN pO JleH MaTepbi0, HIM, OYAYYH POKNEH 10, B LETCTBE yMep NO Boe cyAbGBI CBOE, HAM OBL TTHUel Hyman 6st B Mope, un, But, Bante Beawyectao, He sana Ost MHe 9TOTO BONpOCA, HO Ko» cKOpO o# Bau saylai, ¥ MeHa HeT HHOTO *esIAHHA, KaK paccKasaTs npapay» (A3 § 40). BecbMa cxonua pewb J>xamacnas , Kora OH COGMPAeTCA MOBETAT O TPArHYECKHX COGBITHAX, KACAIOULMXCA ApyrOTO nepuoga ucropun pana: «MM a cKaxy cnenyioulee: OnaxKeH TOT, KTO He PoMTCA OT MaTepH, a ccm POMMTCH, YMpeT H He YBHJNT TaK MHOTO 37a H HacHM. B KOHUe THcaNeNeTHs Sapayurra OHM [CHORE YMepulero NOGenOHOCHOTO Uaps] HE YBHAAT Toi BeNMKOH GuTBEI (An wuzurg karezar), KoTOpaK om Mpousoiit. HB To BpeMa NponbeTes MHOTO KPOBH, OHA TpeTb TOel He BKOKHBET, HO apaGsI cMeLIANOTER ¢ ponelinamn 1 TIOpKaMH H yHUTOxaT Map (kiSwar)» («Jbkamacn-Hamar> 70—73) [Bailey 1931: 58}. Tpeackasanne Jbkamacna 8 A3 Gsu10 cenyioulM: 36. En-iz *danéh *ki 36. «Hi TeGe Take BEIOMO, dah rz. wardn ayéd ecm 10 axeii uae 20%Kitb, Gand sri8k 6 zamig ayed CKONBKO KamlesIb MalaeT Ha 3eMs10 ud Gand sri8k abar sri8k ayéd H CKONBKO Karem Maqaer Ha Karun [B Mope] > 37. Ud én-iz. danéh ki 37. WreGe Taxxxe BeLOMo, urwardn wiskofed korsa useryt pactens, ud kadam an gul Troz. Y KAKHX H3 HHX WBeTHI ud kadam n 7 Sab ugeryT AHEM, kadam an 7 fradag. Y KaKHX — HOMBIO HY KAKHX — yTpOM... 39. En-iz danéd ka 39. i re6e TawoKe Benomo, fradag rdz *88 bawed ‘uTo cnysHTes 3aBrpa andar an azdahag B Toi upakoHoBoli (ucronMHcKoH) Grae razm 7 Wistaspan para Buurracnosoii, az pusaran [ud] bradaran 7 man 4 KTO 113 chiHoneli H parses MOHX, Kay-Wiktasp-Sah uaps Kaii-Buurracra, kg ziwéd ud ké mired OCTAHETOS B 2KHBEIX, @ KTO HOTHGHET?». 46. Fradag roz ka pahikObénd 46. «3arpa, [Kora] cpasatea néw pad néw ud wardz pad wariz OTBAXKHBIi MPOTHB OTBAKHOTO, was mad *abé-puhr Benlps mporus Benps (repoli mpoTus repos) *, was *puhr abé-pid MHOTHe MaTepH sJMUIaTCA chIKOReH, ud was pid abé-puhr MHOTHE CBIHOBEA IMULATeR OTHOB, ' B «Afrin 7 wuzurgin» («AdpuH BenMKHM sopoacrpHiitiamM») OH Ha3BaH MympewloM: «BysbTe MyApsIM Kak ‘Toxamacn, coset» (Kundag bawéd Siyon Jamasp bidaxS [knd’k b[w]yt éyywn y’m'sp bth3)). B «Adpue 3aparyury» of wasean «xpaOpsim a MorymtecTeHunin>. B 3aparyurrpa Gnarocnoanier Buurractia Tak, #06! oni i ero cstHoneli Guin nonoGex Jbxamacny (Shum 24, 11). ? B pykonucax sri8k abar srisk «kanaa Wa Kanuo/kana no Kanne», Cp. axanorM4neiit maccax B naxeHncKoi Bep- cu «Aiianrap-u Jxamacnur>: «SI sxaio Bce oT GecemeprHoro Saptyuira CritraMala, H BOT KAKOBO TO SHaHMe: Korma Wer AO BOAHY 3HMY, CKONSKO KaNlea MajlaeT Ha TOpH, CKOMDKO KaMlemb TaNaeT Ha 3eMMIO, CKOMBKO KaNenb nanaer Ha PABHHHY H cKONBKO Kanemt nanaeT B Mope» [Modi 1903: 58—59, 108—109]. * Bykrambio: «nenps c nempem>. 336