NEGATIVE NUMBER

A negative number is a real number that is less

than zero Negative numbers are usually written with a minus sign in front. For example, 3 represents a negative quantity with a magnitude of three, and is pronounced "minus three" or "negative three". As the result of subtraction Negative numbers can be thought of as resulting from the subtraction of a larger number from a smaller. For example, negative three is the result of subtracting three from zero: 0 3 = 3.In general, the subtraction of a larger number from a smaller yields a negative result, with the magnitude of the result being the difference between the two numbers. For example, 5 8 = 3since 8 5 = 3.

 The number line

The relationship between negative numbers, positive

numbers, and zero is often expressed in the form of a number line: Numbers appearing farther to the right on this line are greater, while numbers appearing farther to the left are less. Thus zero appears in the middle, with the positive numbers to the right and the negative numbers to the left. Note that a negative number with greater magnitude is considered less. For example even though (positive) 8 is greater than (positive) 5, written 8 > 5negative 8 is considered to be less than negative 5: 8 < 5.In addition, any negative number is less than any positive number, so

RATIO AND PROPORTION

 A ratio compares values.

There are 3 blue squares to 1 yellow square

A ratio says how much of one thing there is

compared to another thing. Ratios can be shown in different ways: Use the ":" to separate the values: 3 : 1 Instead of the ":" you can use the word "to": 3 to 1 Or write it like a fraction: 31

 Ratios tell how one number is related to another number. A ratio may be written as A:B or A/B or by the phrase "A to

B". A ratio of 1:5 says that the second number is five times as large as the first. The following steps will allow determination of a number when one number and the ratio between the numbers is given. Example: Determine the value of B if A=6 and the ratio of A:B = 2:5 Determine how many times the number A is divisible by the corresponding portion of the ratio. (6/2=3) Multiply this number by the portion of the ratio representing B (3*5=15) Therefore if the ratio of A:B is 2:5 and A=6 then B=15

PROPORTION
A proportion is a name we give to a statement

that two ratios are equal. It can be written in two ways: two equal fractions, or, using a colon, a:b = c:d When two ratios are equal, then the cross products of the ratios are equal. That is, for the proportion, a:b = c:d , a x d = bxc