Basic Technical Mathematics 10th Edition Washington Solutions Manual 1

Solution Manual for Basic Technical Mathematics 10th Edition
by Washington ISBN 0133083500 9780133083507

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Chapter 9
VECTORS AND OBLIQUE

TRIANGLES
9.1 Introduction to Vectors 7. (a) 10 lb down is a vector, it has magnitude and
direction.
1. (b) 10 lb is scalar; it has magnitude but not
C R direction.
B A 8. (a) 400 ft/s is scalar; it has magnitude but no

direction.
2. (b) 400 ft/s perpendicular is a vector, it has
magnitude and direction.
9.
3.
10.
4.
11.
5. (a) scalar, no direction given 12.

(b) vector, magnitude and direction both given
6. (a) 25 mi/h is scalar, it has magnitude but no R

direction.
Section
301 9.1 Introduction to Vectors Chapter 9 VECTORS AND OBLIQUE TRIANGLES
301
18.
13.
14.
19.
°
15. 5.6 cm, 50
20.
C
B+C
16. 6.2 cm, 102° B
21.
D
C+ D
22.
17. 4.3 cm, 156°
23.
Section
302
24. 30.
A
2D 2D +A
31.
25.
E
D
2A
32.
26. C -D
E
B + E +A C -D
B
A
33.
27.
28. 34.
2A
C
C 2A
35.
1
2A
29.
1
3B 3 B +2 A
36.
3
2 E
B 3
B 2 E
Section
303
37.
43.
38. 44. From the scale drawing, we find that the resultant
2D velocity is 143 mi/h and acts at an angle of 9° .
3B
A +2D 3B A y
x
39.
C B 17 8 10
3
4 A
40.
2C D
45.
1
D 2C 2 E
1
2 E
41.
R From the drawing,
R = 13 mi
θ = 13°
840
o 46. From the scale drawing, we see that the ship's

70
320 displacement is 53 km and acts at an angle of 71° .
JG
From drawing R is approximately 900 lb at 70° 300

20
42. From the scale drawing, we find that the resultant
electric field intensity is about 84 kN/C and acts
at an angle of 30° . 40
0
30
Section
304
47. From the scale drawing, we see that the resultant

9.2 Components of Vectors
force is 0.
1.
Vx = V cos θ
Vx = 14.4 cos 216° = −11.6
48. Vy = V sin θ
°
650 N Vy = 14.4 sin 216 = −8.46
2.
o
70
200 N
610 N
Since the total force is zero, the three vectors form

a closed triangle. Measurements from the drawing
Ax = Acos θ
indicate the horizontal force of the rope is °
Ax = 375.4 cos 295.32 = 160.5

approximately 200 N to the left.
Ay = Asin θ
Ay = 375.4 sin 295.32° = −339.3
3. y
o
270
x
375.4
Ax = 0
Ay = −375.4
Section
305 9.2 Components of Vectors Chapter 9 VECTORS AND OBLIQUE TRIANGLES
305
4. 12. Let V = 9750
Vx θ
x
Ty T = 85.0
o
45
V =9750
Tx = 85.0 cos 45° = 60.1 lb Vx = V cos 243.0° = 9750 ( −0.4540 ) = −4430 N

Ty = 85.0 sin 45 = 60.1 lb
°
Vy = V sin 243.0° = 9750 ( −0.8910 ) = −8690 N
5. Vx = 750 cos 28° = 662 13. Let V = 76.8

Vy = 750 sin 28 = 352
°
6. Vx = 750 cos105° = −750 cos 75° = −194
Vy = 750 sin105° = 750 sin 75° = 724
7. Vx = −750 cos 62.3° = 750 cos 242.3° = −349
Vy = −750 sin 62.3° = 750 sin 242.3° = −664

Vx = V cos145.0 = 76.8 ( −0.819 ) = −62.9 m/s
°
8. Vx = 750 cos 52.4 = 750 cos 307.6 = 458 Vy = V sin145.0 = 76.8 ( 0.574 ) = 44.1 m/s
°
° °
Vy = −750 sin 52.4° = 750 sin 307.6° = −594

14. Let V = 0.0998
9. Vx = −750
Vy = 0
10. Vx = 0
Vy = −750
11. Let V = 8.6
Vx = V cos 296.0 = 0.0998 ( 0.438 ) = 0.0437 ft/s

°
Vxy = 8.6 cos 68 °

V 8.6 sin = 3.22 lb
= 68°
Section
306
= 7.97 lb Vy = V =
sin 296.0 0.0998 ( −0.899 )
= −0.0897 ft/s
Section
307
15. Let V = 9.040, θ = 270° 18. Let V = 6.78
y
o
270
x
9040
Vx = V cos 22.5° = 6.78 ( 0.924 ) = 6.26 lb
Vx = 9.040 cos 270° = 0 ft/s 2 Vy = V sin 22.5° = 6.78 ( 0.383 ) = 2.59 lb
Vy = 9.040 sin 270° = −9.040 ft/s 2

19.
16. Let V = 16.4
Vx = 0.8734 cos157.83°
= −0.8088 ft
Vy = 0.8734 sin157.83°
= 0.3296 ft
Vx = V cos156.5° = 16.4 ( −0.917 ) = −15.0 cm/s 2
Vy = V sin156.5° = 16.4 ( 0.399 ) = 6.54 cm/s 2 20. Let V = 509.4, θ = 360°
y
17. Let V = 2.65
o
360 509.4
x
°
Vx = V cos 360 = 509.4 m
y
V = V sin 360° = 0 m
Vx = V cos197.3° = 2.65 ( −0.955 ) = −2.53 mN
21.
Vy = V sin197.3 = 2.65 ( −0.297 ) = −0.788 m/N
°
Vx = 25.0 cos17.3° = 23.9 km/h

V y = 25.0 sin17.3° = 7.43 km/h
Section
308
22. Vx = V sin 66° = 18.0 sin 66° ( ) 29.
= 16 ft/s toward highway
23. Fx = F cos 3.5 = 2790 ( 0.998 ) = 2780 lb

Fy = F sin 3.5° = 2790 ( 0.0610 ) = 170 lb
24.
wall
25 65 o
Vx = 210 cos 65° = 89 N

°
V Vy = −210 sin 65 = −190 N
v⊥ = 25sin 65° = 23 mi/h

30.
8.5 ft
25. θ
2.5 ft
125
θ
9.5 ft
22 o
⎛ 2.5 ⎞
Vx 28sin ⎜ tan −1 ⎟ = 7.1
9.5
⎝ ⎠
Vx = 125 cos 22° = 116 km/h Skier is rising 7.1 ft/s when leaving ramp.
26. Fx = F cos 78.6° = 3.50 ( 0.198 ) = 0.692 ft 31. 80 cos 20° = 75 lb
Fy = F sin 78.6° = 3.50 ( 0.980 ) = 3.43 ft
27. For the barge to move down the center of the canal
760 sin 18° = 820 sin θ
θ = 17°
12.0 32. F1 = 60.5 N
28. A = sin −1 = 19.47°
1
36.0
F1y = F sin 82.4° = 60.0N
Fx = F cos19.47 = 55.0 ( 0.9428 ) = 51.9 lb
°
F2 = 37.2 N
Fy = F sin19.47° = 55.0 ( 0.3333 ) = 18.3 lb °
F2 y = F2 sin 31.9 = 19.6 N
Total upward force = F1y + F2 y = 60.0 +19.6

= 79.6 lb
Section
309
33. 2.
V 20 T x
55
U
horizontal component = 0.75 cos 40° Rx = 422 − 210 cos 20.0 ° − 405 cos 55.0°
= 0.57 (km/h)/m Ry = 210 sin 20.0° − 405sin 55.0°
vertical component = 0.75sin 40° R = Rx2 + R 2y = 260

= 0.48 (km/h)/m Ry
θ ref = tan −1 = 88.3°
Rx
°
34. Vx = V cos 2.55 = 18, 550 ( 0.9990 )
θ = 268.3°
= 18,530 mi/h
Vy = −V sin 2.55° = −18, 550 ( 0.04449 )
= −825.3 mi/h 3.
9.3 Vector Addition by Components
1. A = 1200 = Ax , B = 1750
Ay = 0
4.
Section
309 9.3 Vector Addition by Components Chapter 9 VECTORS AND OBLIQUE TRIANGLES
309
5.
8.
6.
9.
7.
Section
310
10.
13.
y
R x = 6941
θ x
11.
R y = 1246
R
Rx = 6941, Ry = −1246
R = 69412 + ( −1246 ) = 7052

2
−1246
tan θ ref = = 0.1795
6941
θ ref = 10.18o
θ = 360o −10.18o = 349.82o

(θ is in QIV since Rx is positive and Ry is negative)
14.
12.
Section
311
17.
15.
16.
18.
Section
312
E = 1653, θ A = 36.37°
Ex = 1653cos 36.37° = 1331
E y = 1653sin 36.37 ° = 980
°
F = 9807, θ B = 253.06
Fx = 9807 cos 253.06° = −2857
Fy = 9807 sin 253.06° = 9381
Rx = 1331 − 2857 = −1526

Ry = 980 − 9381 = −8401
( −1526 ) + ( −8401) = 8538

2 2
R=
−8401
tan θref =
19. −1526
°
θ ref = 79.70
θ = 180° + θ ref = 259.70°
21.
20.
y
E
x
θ
F
R
Section
313
22. 24.
y
v
θ v y = 96
x
v x = -404
°
R = 630, θ A = 189.6
°
Rx = 630 cos189.6 = −621

Ry = 630 sin189.6° = −105
°
F = 176, θ B = 320.1
Fx = 176 cos 320.1° = 135
Fy = 176 sin 320.1° = −113
°
T = 324, θ C = 75.4
Tx = 324 cos 75.4° = 81.6
Ty = 324 sin 75.4° = 314
U x = −621+135 + 81.6 = −404

U y = −105 −113 + 314 = 96
U= ( −404 )2 + 962 = 415

96
tan θ ref =
−404
θ ref = 13.40°
θ = 180° −13.4° = 166.6°
(θ is in QII since Rx is negative and Ry is positive)
23.
Vector Magnitude Ref. Angle

25. A 318 67.5°
B 245 16.3°
x-component y-component
−318 cos 67.5 = −122 318sin 67.5° = 294
°
245sin16.3° = 68.8 245 cos16.3° = 235

R −53.2 529
529
θ ref = tan −1 = 84.3°
−53.2
θ = 180° − 84.3° = 95.7°
R= ( −53.2 )2 + 529 = 531 m

Section
314
y ( ) (
Rx = 302 cos 180 o − 45.4o + 155 cos 180 o + 53.0 o )
+ 212 cos 30.8o = −123
31 ( ) (
Ry = 302 sin 180 o − 45.4o + 155sin 180 o + 53.0o )
+ 212 sin 30.8o = 200
o
95.7
R = Rx 2 + R y 2 = 235 lb
x Ry
θ = tan −1 = −58.4o
Rx
= 180o − 58.4o = 121.6 o
Vector Magnitude Ref. Angle

28.
26. A 86.5 62.8°
B 62.0 40.5°
x-component y-component
86.5sin 62.8° = −76.9 −62.0 cos 40.5° = −47.1
−86.5 cos 62.8° = −39.5 62.0 sin 40.5° = 40.3
R −116.4 −6.8
−6.8
θ ref = tan −1 = 3.3°
−116.4
° °
θ = 180 + θ ref = 183.3
R= ( −116.4 )2 + ( −6.8 )2 = 116.6 mi/h
y
o
183.3
116.6
27.
29.
y
R
R y = 3880
θ x
R x = 14,500
Section
315
y
15
O
72
x
15
30.
33.
R = Rx + Ry
2 2
(15 cos 72 ) + (15 sin 72 )

2
° ° 2
= + 15
= 24.3 kg ⋅ m/s
JG JG
34. Since A and B are displacements the vector
triangle may be drawn as
25
B
R
35
31.
y
2500 O
A
25
O JG JG 25
37 with R ⊥ to A from which tanθ = , θ = 45°.
x 25
1700
Note: 252 + 252 ≠ 352 because values have been

R = Rx 2 + Ry 2 rounded to two significant digits.
R= (1700 + 2500 cos 37 ) + ( 2500 sin 37 )

° 2 ° 2
R = 4000 N
2500 sin 37°
θ = tan −1
1700 + 2500 cos 37 °
θ = 22.1°
32.
y
V
O
18
x
420
420
cos18° =
V
V = 442 mi/h
Section
316
9.4 Applications of Vectors R = 5.752 + 3.252 = 6.60 lb
3.25
θ = tan −1 = 29.5°
5.75
1.
4.
y
F
23.0
θ
Rx = A + Bx = 32.50 +16.18 cos 31.25° = 46.33 18.5
x
Ry = 16.18sin 31.25° = 8.394
Rx = 115
R = 46.332 + 8.394 2 = 47.08 mi
x
Ry = 83.3
8.394
θ = tan −1 = 10.27 °
46.33 R = R 2 + Ry 2 = 142 mi
The ship is 47.08 mi from start in direction 83.3
tanθ = , θ = 35.9° from R x
10.27° N of E. 115
2. 5.
600 km/h
450
U
vpx = vpa + vwx = 600 +100 cos 45.0° = 671

vpy = −100 sin 45.0° = −70.7
v = 6712 + 70.7 2 = 675 km/h
vpy 70.7
θ = tan −1 = tan −1 = 6.0°
vpx 671
The plane is traveling 675 km/h in direction

6.0° S of E.
3.
y
R
6.
3.25
θ
5.75
Section
317 9.4 Applications of Vectors Chapter 9 VECTORS AND OBLIQUE TRIANGLES
317
9.
7.
10.
8.
y
R
501
θ
354
11.
y
520
780
Section
318
R = 520 2 + 780 2 = 940 lb

15.
80
θ = tan −1 = 56°
520
12.
240
o
o 25
35
F sin 35° = 24 sin 25°

F = 177 lb
13.
16.
14.
17.
y
F
2 8.4 θ x
173
Section
319
18.
y
F 21.
490
120
F = Fx2 + Fy2 = 120 2 + 490 2 = 504 lb

22.
19.
(
cos 90° − 32.7° = ) 53
g
;g=
5.3
cos 57.3°
= 9.8 m/s 2
23.
N 15.5
o
22.0 θref
20.
radar
12.0
R
Section
320
R = Rx2 + R 2y
= ( −15.5sin 22.0 ) + ( −15.5 cos 22.0 −12.0 )

° 2 2
V V2
= 27.0
−15.5 sin 22.0°
θ ref = tan −1 = 12.4°
−15.5 cos 22.0° −12.0
V1
Displacement of second plane from first = 27.0 km
G G G
at a bearing of 192.4° . Δv = v 2 − v1
24. (b)
( −320 sin 15 °
+ 280 sin 12 ) + ( 320 cos 15
° 2 °
+ 280 cos 12 )
° 2 V1
= 583 N is the force the mule resists with. V
25.
V2
y
s
0.30
x
d
0.90
0.50
V2
x = 0.50 2 − 0.30 2 , y = 0.90 − 0.30
2 2
d = x 2 + y 2 = 0.94 km V1
y
θ = tan −1 = 64.7° S of E
x
The direction of the change in velocity points
26. (a) toward the center of the earth in both cases.
V1
V
27. Assume that as the smoke pours our of the funnel
it immediately takes up the velocity of the wind.
JG G
V Let w = velocity of wind, u = velocity of boat,
2 G
v = velocity of smoke as seen by passenger.
Section
321
w cos 45° + v cos15° = 32 y

θ = tan −1
° °
wsin 45 = v sin15 OE
°
w sin 45
v= The displacement of the end of tunnel from
sin15°
wsin 45
° opening is OE = 116 m measured along horizontal
w cos 45° + cos15° = 32 surface at an angle θ = 17 ° below surface.
sin15°
w = 9.6 km/h
29.
28. Assume 75 m is measured along horizontal

surface. In cross-section view,
At turn, shaft is y = 75tan 25° m below surface.
30.
OE = ( 75 + 45 cos 30 ) + ( 45sin 30 )
° 2 ° 2
= 116 m
Section
322
d 8.20
31. r = = = 4.10
2 2
34.
y
F
2250
θ
480
32. v = 24.0 2 − 5.0 2
= 23 km/h
35. top view of plane
15
24.0
5.0
75
V θ
stream
33.
Section
323 9.5 Oblique Triangles, the Law of Sines Chapter 9 VECTORS AND OBLIQUE TRIANGLES
323
36. 38.
°
vx = 4.5 + 5.0 cos 22.6 = 9.12 km/h
°
v y = 5.0 sin 22.6 − 3.8 = −1.87 km/h
v = 9.12 2 + ( −1.87 ) = 9.3 km/h

2
−1.87
θ = tan −1 = 11.6° downstream from barge
9.12
heading
37.
9.5 Oblique Triangles, the Law of

Sines
1.
Section
324
2. Case 1
5.
3.
o
6. C = 82.6
b a = 9.32
o
A c B = 0.9
a = 9.32, B = 0.9° , C = 82.6°

(
A = 180° − 0.9° + 82.6° = 96.5°)
a b 9.32 b
= ; =
sin A sin B sin 96.5° sin 0.9°
°
9.32sin 0.9
b= = 0.147
sin 96.5
a c 9.32 c
= ; = °
sin A sin C sin 96.5 sin 82.6
9.32 sin 82.6°

4. c= = 93.0
sin 96.5°
Section
325
7.
10.
8.
b= 362.2
a = 131.2
o
B 110.63
A = 62.59o c = 294.6
b = 362.2, c = 294.6, B = 69.37°

b c 362.2 294.6
= ; =
sin B sin C sin110.63° sin C
°
294.6 sin 110.63

sin C =
362.2
C = 49.57°
( )
A = 180.0° − 110.63° + 49.57 ° = 19.8°
a b a 362.2
= ; °
=
sin A sin B sin19.8 sin110.63° 11.
a = 131.1
9.
Section
326
12. 14.
C
b 117.5o
a = 0.130
o
A 55.2 B
c
a = 0.130, A = 55.2° , C = 117.5°

B = 180° − 55.2° −117.5° = 67.5°
a b 0.130 b
= ; =
sin A sin B sin 55.2° sin 67.5°
°
0.130sin 67.5
b= = 0.146
sin 55.2°
a c 13.0 c
= ; =
sin A sin C sin 55.2° sin 57.3°
13. °
0.130sin 57.3 sin

= °
= 0.133
55.2
15.
16.
o
C = 103.62
a
b o
o
B = 13.79
A = 62.59 c
Section
327
b = 283.2, B = 13.79° , C = 103.62° or

° ° °
A2 = 180.0 − 61.36 = 118.64

c b c 283.2 and
= ; =
sin C sin B sin 103.62° sin 13.79° C2 = 180.0 ° − 48.13 ° −118.64 ° = 13.23 °
°
283.2 sin 103.62 b c1 4.446 ° c °

c= ° = 1155 = ; =
sin 13.79 sin B sin C1 sin 48.13 sin 70.51
A = 180.0° −13.79° −103.62° = 62.59° °
4.446sin 70.51
c1 = = 5.628
a
=
b
;
a
=
283.2 sin 48.13°
sin A sin B sin 62.59° sin 13.79° or

°
283.2 sin 62.59 b c2 4.446 c2

a= = 1054 = ; =
sin 13.79° sin B sin C2 sin 48.13° sin13.23°
°
4.446sin13.23
17. c2 = = 1.366
sin 48.13°
18.
a = 5.240, b = 4.446, B = 48.13°

a = 89.45, c = 37.36, C = 15.62°
a b 5.240 4.446
= ; = a c 89.45 37.36
sin A sin B sin A sin 48.13 ° = ; =
°
sin A sin C sin A sin15.62°
5.240sin 48.13
sin A = = 0.8776 89.45sin15.62°
4.446 sin A = = 0.6447
37.36
A1 = 61.36°
A1 = 40.14°
° ° ° °
C1 = 180.0 − 48.13 − 61.36 = 70.51 1

B = 180.0° −15.62° − 40.14° = 124.24°
Section
328
b1 c b 37.36
= ; =
sin B1 sin C sin124.24° sin15.62°
°
37.36sin124.24
b1 = = 114.7
sin15.62°
Section
329
or 20.
° ° °
A2 = 180.0 − 40.14 = 139.86
and
B2 = 180.0° −139.86° −15.62 ° = 24.52 °
b2 c b2 37.36
= ; =
sin B2 sin C sin 24.52° sin15.62°
°
37.36 sin 24.52
b2 = = 57.58
sin15.62°
19.
a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C
a 2880 3650
= °
=
sin A sin 31.4 sin C
°
3650 sin 31.4
sin C =
2880
C = 41.3 or 138.7 °
°
Case I.
C = 41.3° ,
A = 180° − 31.4° − 41.3° = 107.3°
a 2880
=
sin107.3° sin 31.4°
a = 5280
Case II.
C = 138.7 ° ,
A = 180° − 31.4° −138.7 ° = 9.9°
a 2880
=
sin 9.9° sin 31.4°
a = 950
Section
330
21. (
23. The third angle is 180° − 45° + 55° = 80° )
55 o
a = 373 c = 520
80 o 45 o
a = 450, b = 1260, A = 64.8° a 520

°
=
a b 450 1260 sin 45 sin 80°
= ; =
sin A sin B sin 64.8° sin B a = 373 m
°
1260 sin 64.8

sin B = = 2.53 (not ≤ 1)
450 (
24. The third angle is 180 ° − 45.0 ° + 55.0 ° = 80.0 ° )
o
Therefore, no solution. 80.0
875
22. o o
45.0 55.0
a = 1050
a 875
°
=
sin 80.0 sin 55.0°
a = 1050 m
25.
12.5 ft
o h
18.0
22.5 ft o
12.5 sin18.0 ft
θ
h = 12.5sin18.0°
12.5 sin 18.0°

θ = sin −1
22.5
θ = 9.9°
Section
331
26. T 175 175sin 60.0°

1 =
B ° ° ; T1 = = 159 lb
°
sin 60.0 sin 72.0 sin 72.0
T2 175 175 sin 48.0°
52.5 cm
86.0 cm = ;T = = 137 lb
sin 48.0° sin 72.0° sin 72.0°

2
o
82.0
A
b
29.
86.0 b 52.5
= =
sin 82.0° sin B sin A
°
52.5 sin 82.0
sin A =
86.0
A = 37.2°
82.0° + 37.2° + B = 180°
B = 60.8°
b 86.0
=
sin 60.8° sin 82.0° T 850 850 sin 54.3°
⎛2m⎞ = ;T = = 880 N
b = 75.8 cm ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ sin 54.3° sin 51.3° sin 51.3°
⎝ 1 cm ⎠
Actual length of third side = 152 m
27. 30.
2θ +108° = 180°
θ = 36° 640 330
=
°
sin136 sin B
921 d
= 330 sin136°
sin θ sin108° sin B = = 0.358
° 640
921sin 108
d= B = 21.0°
sin 36°
d = 1490 ft A = 180° −136° − 21° = 23.0°
a 330
=
28. sin 23.0° sin 21.0°
°
330 sin 23.0

a= = 360 mi
sin 21.0°
31. d = distance along Arsenal from Gravois to
Jefferson
Section
332
34.
x 220
°
=
sin15.5 sin141.5°
°
220 sin 15.5

x= 94.4 ft
sin141.5°
35. C = 180° − 86.5 − 90.8° = 2.7°
32.
o
x = 23,500 10.0
o
13.5
82° 50 b 1290
x 8250 8250 sin 10.0 =
°
= °
; x= = 23, 500 ft sin 86.5° sin 2.7 °
sin10.0 sin 3.5 sin 3.5°
b = 27,300 km
33. A = 180° − 89.2° = 90.8°
36.
Section
333
D 25 d
= =
sin150° sin10° sin 20°
° °
25 sin 150 25 sin 20

D−d = ° = = 23 km
sin10 sin10°
39.
65 55
=
sin 67 ° sin A
°
−155 sin 67
A = sin
37. 65
A = 51°
9.6 The Law of Cosines
1.
2.60
−1
θ = tan = 56.1°
1.75
8.00 3.50
=
sin 56.1° sin α
α = 21.3° ,
β = 56.1° + 21.3° = 77.4°
with bank downstream
38. distance = rate (time)

=(75 km/h) (20 min) (h/60 min)
= 25 km
Section
333 9.6 The Law of Cosines Chapter 9 VECTORS AND OBLIQUE TRIANGLES
333
2.
o
C = 49.0
54.3
21.6
42.6
A= 94.6 o B = 28.0 o
42.62 +21.6 2 −54.3 2

A = cos −1 = 111.3°
2 ( 42.6 )( 21.6 ) 5.
42.62 +54.32 −21.6 2

B = cos −1 = 21.8°
2 ( 42.6 )( 54.3 )
54.32 +21.6 2 −42.6 2
C = cos −1 = 47.0°
2 ( 54.3 )( 21.6 )
Note: A + B + C = 180.1 is due to rounding.
3.
6.
4.
Section
334
7. 9.
C
a = 395.3 b = 452.2
B c = 671.5 A
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 − 2ac cos B
452.2 2 = 395.32 + 671.52 − 2 ( 395.3)( 671.5 ) cos B
B = 40.67 °
b + c 2 − 2bc cos A = a 2
2
452.2 2 + 671.52 − 2 ( 452.2 )( 671.5 ) cos A = 395.32

A = 34.73°
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos C 10.
671.52 = 395.32 + 452.2 2 − 2 ( 395.3 )( 452.2 ) cos C
C = 104.56°
8.
11.
Section
335
12.
C 14.
18.3
o
8.7
A B
27.1
b = 18.3, c = 27.1, A = 8.7 °

(
a = 18.32 + 27.12 − 2 (18.3 )( 27.1) cos8.7 ° )
a b 9.43 18.3
= ; =
sin A sin B sin 8.7 ° sin B
°
18.3 sin 8.7

sin B =
9.43
B = 17.1°
C = 180° −17.1° − 58.7 ° = 104.2°
13.
15.
Section
336
16. 18.
C
49.30 69.72
A B
22.29
a = 69.72, b = 49.30, c = 22.29

49.30° + 22.29 2 − 69.72 2
cos A =
2 ( 49.30 )( 22.29 )
A = 151.61°
69.72 2 + 22.29 2 − 49.30 2
cos B =
2 ( 69.72 )( 22.29 )
B = 19.640
C = 180° −151.61° −19.64° = 8.75°
19.
17.
Section
337
20.
23.
24.
21.
22.
a = 17 25. c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos 90°

b = 24
c 2 = a 2 + b2
A c = 42 B
26.
Since a + b < c
17 + 24 < 42
41 < 42, 18.0
a, b, c do not determine a triangle. l
o
54.2
18.0
Section
338
l 2 = 18.0 2 +18.0 2 − 2 (18.0 )(18.0 ) cos 54.2° 31. 19 2 = 212 + 252 − 2 ( 21)( 25 ) cos θ
l = 16.4 cm θ = 47.8°
27. Case 3: Two sides and angle opposite, one of

them will have two solutions, as shown in θ
Fig. 9.61 (a).
21 25
Case 4: Three sides determines a unique triangle
provided the sum of the lengths of any two sides
is greater than the length of the third side. The
triangle may be constructed by drawing one side
19
as the horizontal base and the swinging circular
arcs from each end. The intersection of these
arcs determines the other two sides of the triangle.

(
32. x = 60.52 + 90.0 2 − 2 ( 60.5 )( 90.0 ) cos 45° )
⎛ 0.3048 m ⎞
28. = 63.7 ft = 19.4 m
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 1 ft ⎠
24 32
24
θ
32
42
42
74 2 = 56 2 + 66 2 − 2 ( 56 )( 66 ) cos θ from which

θ = 74° 33.
29. ship
l a = 3.15 km
o
c = 7.25 km 33.9
l = 3.152 + 7.252 − 2 ( 3.15 )( 7.25 ) cos 33.9°

l = 4.96 km
30.
(
34. x = 5.00 2 + 4.252 − 2 ( 5.00 )( 4.25 ) cos 8.1° )
x = 1.75 + 2.50 − 2 ( 2.50 )(1.75 ) cos102.0
2 2
( °
)
= 0.99 cm
= 3.34 m
Section
339
35. x = 9.53 + 9.53 − 2 ( 9.53 )( 9.53 ) cos120

2 2 °
( ) 39. A = 26.4° −12.4° = 14.0 °
= 16.5 mm a = 15.82 + 32.7 2 − 2 (15.8 )( 32.7 ) cos 14.0°
= 17.8 mi
a
15.8
o 32.7
26.4
12.4o
36.
0
P = 52.3
40. R 2 = 14.52 + 21.7 2 − 2 (14.5 )( 21.7 ) cos154.7 °

R = 35.3 km (refer to 94.23)
a = 190 km
b = 160 km
41.
D L
c = 110 km
o
78.0
160 2 = 190 2 +110 2 − 2 (190 )(110 ) cos P 1.90 km
°
P = 52.3
d = 1.252 +1.90 2 − 2 (1.25 )(1.9 ) cos 78.0°
37. = 2.05 km
D = 1.252 +1.90 2 − 2 (1.25 )(1.9 ) cos102.0°

= 2.48 km
42. (a) If we know 3 sides, then we use the law of
c 2 = 12.7 2 +11.52 − 2 (12.7 )(11.5 ) cos 23.6° cosines (case 4).
c = 5.09 km/h (b) If we know 2 sides and the angle opposite
one of them, then we use the law of sines (case 2).
(c) If we know 2 sides and the angle between them,
38. d 2 = 2.9 2 + 3.7 2 − 2 ( 2.9 )( 3.7 ) cos 132°
then we use the law of cosines (case 3).
d = 6.0 mi
Section
340
Ax = Acos θ A = 657.1cos 343.74° = 630.8

Chapter 9 Review Exercises Ay = Asin θ A = 657.1sin 343.74° = −184.0
y y
A R
o 327
28
x θ
505
°
x-component = 65.0 cos 28.0 = 57.4
y-component = 65.0 sin 28.0° = 30.5 R = 327 2 + 5052 = 602
327
2. θ = tan −1 = 32.9°
505
y
y
8050 R
o
149.0
2.9 θ x
° 6.8
Ax = Acos θ A = 8050 cos149.0 = −6900
°
Ay = Asin θ A = 8050 sin149.0 = 4150

R = 6.82 + 2.9 2 = 7.4
2.9
3. θ = tan −1 = 23°
y 6.8
7.
o
215.59 y
x R
3298
0.9204 θ
A x
4964
°
Ax = Acos θ A = 0.9204 cos 215.59 = −0.7485
R = 4964 2 + 32982 = 5960
Ay = Asin θ A = 0.9204 sin 215.59 = −0.5357 °
3298
θ = tan −1 = 33.60°
4964
4.
y
o
343.74
x
657.1 A
Chapter
341 9 Review Exercises Chapter 9 VECTORS AND OBLIQUE TRIANGLES
341
8. J x = 0.0120 cos 370.5° = 0.0118

y
°
R Rx = J x + K x = 0.0104
J y = 0.0120 sin 370.5° = 0.00219
89.86
K y = 0.00781sin 260.0° = −0.00769
Ry = J y + K y = −0.0055
θ R = R2 + R 2
= 0.00118
x
26.52
Ry
θ = tan −1 = 332.1°
R = 26.52 + 89.86 = 93.69
2 2
R
Rx
26.52 y
Rx
9. x
y θR
A
R
780
o
40 o y
346 A
B
22.51
y
Ry R = 965 o
o x 20.09
θ R = 8.6 x
Rx 7.604
B
Rx = 780 cos 28.0 + 346 cos 40.0° °
Ry = 780 sin 28.0° − 346 sin 40.0° Ax = 22.51cos130.16° = −14.52

x
R = Rx2 + Ry2 = 954 2 +1442 = 965 B = 7.604 cos 200.09° = −7.141
144 Ryx = Ax + Bx = −21.66

θ = tan −1 = 8.6°
R
954 A = 22.51sin130.16° = 17.20
By = 7.604 sin 200.09°
10.
y Ry = Ay + By = 14.59
J R = Rx + Ry = 26.12
0.0120
o R
o
10.5
x θ = tan = 146.04
80 Rx
0.00781
Chapter
342
K
Chapter
343
y 13.
R
y
Ry
42.61
θR 68.23 o 51.33 Y
o
x 12.25
Rx
Y = 51.33cos12.25° = 5016
y Yy = 51.33sin12.25° = 10.89
°
B
Z y = −42.61sin 68.23° = −39.57
18,760 Rx = 50.16 +15.80 = 65.98
Ry = 10.89 − 39.57 = −28.68
o
R = R 2 + R 2 = 65.98 + ( −28.68 ) = 71.94

110.43 2 2
o 4835 A ⎛ −28.68 ⎞
350.20 θR = tan −1 ⎜ ⎟ = 336.5
°
⎝ 65.98 ⎠
y
Ax = 18, 760 cos110.43° = −6548
° R
Bx = 4835 cos 350.20 = 4764 x
x
Rx = −1784 θR
Ay = 18, 760 sin110.43 = 17, 580By = sin y

R
°
By = 4835sin 350.20 = −823.0

Ry = 16, 760
14.
R = Rx2 + R y2 = 16,850 y
Ry
θ R = tan −1 = 96.08° 7.031
Rx
y o
122.54
R
Ry x
34.82 o
3.029
B
θR
x
Rx
Chapter
344
°
Ax = 7.031cos122.54 = −3.782 16.
° y
Bx = 3.029 cos 214.82 = −2.487
Rx = −6.269
S
Ay = 7.031sin122.54 = 5.927 8120
°
o
Ry = 4.197 T 141.9
o x
14.8 1540 o
R = R 2 + R 2 = 7.544 64.0
3470
R
U
Rx
S x = 8120 cos141.9° = −6390
y
Tx = 1540 cos165.2° = −1490
R U x = 3470 cos 296.0 = 1520

x
Ry
θR S y = 8120 sin141.9 = 5010

y
Rx
U y = 3470 sin 296.0 = −3120
Ry = 2283
15.
R = Rx2 + Ry2 = 6760
y
Ry
θ R = tan −1 = 160.3°
0.75 A Rx
12.4 o 15.0
o
o
x
B 0.265 0.548 15.3 y
C
R
°
Ax = 0.750 cos15.0 = 0.724 θR
Ry
x
Bx = 0.265cos192.4 = −0.259 Rx
C x = 0.548 cos 344.7° = 0.529
17.
Rx = 0.994 C
°
Ay = 0.750 sin15.0 = 0.194

b
By = 0.265sin192.4° = −0.0569 a = 145
°
C y = 0.548sin 344.7 = −0.145 48
o
68
o
A B
Ry = −0.00790 c
R = Rx2 + R y2 = 0.994
C = 180° − 48.0° − 68.0° = 64.0°
Ry
θ = tan −1 = 359.5° 145
=
b
=
c
R
Rx sin 48.0° sin 68.0° sin 64.0°
Chapter
345
y 145sin 68.0°
b= ° = 181,
Rx sin 48.0
θR x 145 sin 64.0
°
Ry c= = 175
R sin 48.0°
Chapter
346
18. C = 180.0° −17.85° −154.16° = 7.99°

C a b 7863
= =
sin17.85° sin154.16° sin 7.99°
a °
7863 sin 154.16

b = 7.50 132.0
o
b= = 24, 660
c
B sin 7.99°
A
7863 sin 17.85°
a= ° 17,340
sin 7.99
(
B = 180.0° − 32.0° +132.0° = 16.0° )
a 0.750 c 22.
= =
sin132.0° sin16.0° sin 32.0° C
a = 2.02, c = 1.44
b = 4.189 a = 1.985
19.
C A =
B
b a = 22.8 c 3.652
125.3 o
33.5 o
A B
c 1.9852 = 4.189 2 + 3.652 2 − 2 ( 4.189 )( 3.652 ) cos A
⇒ A = 28.28°
°
(
B = 180.0 − 125.3 + 33.5 = 21.2 ° °
) °
4.189 2 = 3.652 2 +1.9852 − 2 ( 3.652 )(1.985 ) cos B
22.8 b c
= = ⇒ B = 91.07 °
sin 21.2° sin 33.5° sin125.3°

b = 34.8, c = 51.5 (
C = 180.0 − 28.28 + 91.07 ) = 60.65
° ° ° °
20. 23.
C
C
a b = 7607
b a
o o
71.0 48.5 110.09 o
A B A
c = 8.42 B
c = 4053
7607 4053
(
C = 180.0° − 71.0° + 48.5° = 60.0° ) =
sin110.09° sin C
⇒ C = 30.03°
a
=
b
=
8.42 (
A = 180.0 − 110.09 + 30.03 = 39.88 )
° ° ° °
° ° °
sin 71.0 sin 48.5 sin 60.5 a 7607
a = 9.15, b = 7.25 = ⇒ a = 5193

sin 39.88o sin110.09o
21.
C
Chapter
347
b
a
o
17.85 o 154.16
A
c = 7863 B
Chapter
348
24.
C 26.
C
a
b = 7.00 o
40.6
b A B
a = 12.07 c = 18.0
AC
sin 40.6° = = AC = 11.7 > 7.00, no solution
77.06
o 18.0
A B
c = 5.104
27.
C
5.104 12.07
= ⇒ C = 24.34°
sin C sin 77.06°
(
B = 180.0° − 77.06° + 24.34° = 78.60° ) a = 186
12.07 b
= ⇒ b = 12.14
sin 77.06 °
sin 78.60 °
A c = 106 B = 130.0 o
25.
A
b 2 = 106 2 +186 2 − 2 (106 )(186 ) cos130.0° ⇒ b = 267

186 267
b = 14.5 c = 13.0 = =⇒ A = 32.3°
sin A sin130.0°
56.6 o (
C = 180 − 130.0 + 32.3 = 17.7 )
° ° ° °
C B
28.
a 14.5 13.0
= = C
sin A sin B sin 56.6°
°
14.5 sin 56.6 b = 750
sin B =
13.0 a
B = 68.6° or 111.4° o
Case I: 56
A c B
B = 68.6° , A = 180° − 68.6° − 56.6° = 54.8°
= 1100
a 13.0
= ⇒ a = 12.7
° °
sin 54.8 sin 56.6
Case II: a 2 = 750 2 +1100 2 − 2 ( 750 )(1100 ) cos 56°
B = 111.4° , A = 180° −111.4° − 56.6° = 12.0° a = 920

a 13.0
= ⇒ a = 3.24
Chapter
349
sin12.0° sin 56.6° 920

=
750
⇒ B = 43°
sin 56° sin B
(
C = 180° − 56° + 43° = 81° )
Chapter
350
32.
C
29. a = 7.86 B a = 7.893
C b = 4.113
o
(2.5 o) b = 2.45 A 43.12
A B
c = a + b − 2ab cos C
2 2 2
7.893 4.113
c 2 = 7.86 2 + 2.452 − 2 ( 7.86 )( 2.45 ) cos 2.5° = ⇒ B = 20.87 °
sin 43.12° sin B
c = 5.413386814 ⇒ c = 5.41
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
(
C = 180° − 43.12° + 20.87 ° = 116.01°)
7.893 c
7.86 2 = 2.452 + c 2 − 2 ( 2.45 )( c ) cos A = ⇒ c = 10.38
sin 43.12° sin116.01°
cos A = 0.9979924288
A = 176.4°
B = 180° − C − A = 180° − 2.5° −176.4° 33.
C
B = 1.1°
b = 12 a = 17
30. A B
b C c = 25
A a = 0.208
c = 0.697 B
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
b 2 = 0.697 2 + 0.2082 − 2 ( 0.697 )( 0.208 ) cos165.4° 17 2 = 12 2 + 252 − 2 (12 )( 25 ) cos A
b = 0.890 cos A = 0.8
°
0.208 0.890 A = 37
= ⇒ A = 3.38°
sin A sin165.4° b 2 = a 2 + c 2 − 2ac cos B
(
C = 180° − 165.4° + 3.38° = 11.2° ) 12 2 = 17 2 + 252 − 2 (17 )( 25 ) cos B
cos B = 0.9059
31.
B = 25°
C
C = 180° − 37 ° − 25° = 118°
34.
C
69.16 o 96.84 o
b = 9110
A B a 4114
c = 532.9
A B
c = 5016
(
C = 180° − 67.16° + 96.84° = 16.00° )
a
=
532.9
⇒ a = 1782 5106 2 = 9110 2 + 4114 2 − 2 ( 9110 )( 4114 ) cos C
sin 67.16° sin16.00°

C = 9.87 °
b 532.9
= ⇒ b = 1920
Chapter
351
2 2 2
9064 = 9953 +1106 − 2 ( 9953)(1106 ) cos A
sin 96.84° sin16.00°
A = 34.57 °
( )
B = 180° − 3.97 ° + 34.57° = 141.46°
Chapter
352
35. c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos 90°

C 2 2 2
b = 0.875 a = 0.530 c = a + b , Pythagorean theorem
A B
c = 1.25 39.
C
1.252 = 0.8752 + 0.530 2 − 2 ( 0.875 )( 0.530 ) cos C
C = 123.8° b
a = 540
0.530 = 0.875 +1.25 − 2 ( 0.875 )(1.25 ) cos A
2 2 2
o o
22 112
A = 20.6° A c
B
(
B = 180° − 20.6° +123.8° = 35.6° )
C
(
C = 180° − 22° +112° = 46° )
36.
The shortest side is opposite the smallest angle.
a = 540
b = 40.0 a = 47.4
The longest side is opposite the largest angle.
b = longest side
B b 540
A c = ⇒ b = 1300 m
= 45.5
sin112° sin 22°
45.52 = 40.0 2 + 47.4 2 − 2 ( 40.0 )( 47.4 ) cos C
C = 62.1° 40.
C
47.4 2 = 40.0 2 + 45.52 − 2 ( 40.0 )( 45.5 ) cos A
A = 67.0°
b
(
B = 180° − 67.0° + 62.1° = 50.9° ) a
o o
37. C 42.0 59.5
A c B
b a
( )
C = 180° − 42.0° + 59.5° = 78.5° , the largest angle
A B
c
⇒ c = longest side. a = shortest side.
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A c = a + 5.00

b 2 = a 2 + c 2 − 2ac cos B a b c
°
= °
=
c =a +b −2ab cos C
2 2 2
add sin 42.0 sin 59.5 sin 78.5°
a a +5.00
= ⇒ a = 10.8; c = 15.8
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 2a 2 + 2b 2 + 2c 2 − 2bc cos A sin 42.0° sin 78.5°
− 2ac cos B − 2ab cos C 10.8

=
b
⇒ b = 13.9
°
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 2bc cos A + 2ac cos B + 2ab cos C sin 42.0 sin 59.5°
p = a + b + c = 40.5 cm
a2 + b2 + c2 cos A cos B cos C
= + +
2abc a b c
38.
a c
Chapter
353
b
Chapter
354
41. 44.
A y
o
307.44 vx
c x
b
vy
v = 107.5
a b a sin B
= ⇒ b=
sin A sin B sin A
°
1 1 a sin B vx = 170.5 cos 307.44 = 103.7 km/h

A = ab = ⋅a⋅
t
2 2 sin A v y =170.5sin307.44° = −135.4 km/h
2
a sin B
At =
2 sin A 45.
42.
C
o
71.3
b
a h
v⊥ = 2200 sin 71.3°
A B
c = 2100 ft/s
46.
( )
h
sin 180° − B = cloud
a 45
o
b = a sin B
o
a b c a sin C 15
= = ⇒ c=
sin A sin B sin C sin A 15 mi/h
1 1 a sin C
At = c⋅h = ⋅ a sin B
2 2 sin A tower
a 2 sin B sin C a 2 sin B °
At = = for C = 90
sin A sin A
43. component toward tower = 15 cos15°

y = 14 mi/h
R
= 175.6 47.
Ry o
152.48 d
h
x o
Rx 24
Fx = 175.6 cos152.48° = −155.7 lb

Fy = 175.6 sin152.48° = 81.14 lb
Chapter
355
h v = 5.0 2 + 3.52 = 6.1

d = 480 km/h ⋅ 3 min ⋅
60 min
3.5
d = 24 km θ = tan −1 = 35°
5.0
h = d sin 24° = 24 sin 24° resultant velocity = 6.1 m/s at 35° above horizontal
h = 9.8 km
52.
48. y
2500 ft/s
o 8250 lb
42
vx = 2500 cos 42.0 = 1900 ft/s θR

o x
v y = 2500sin42.0° = 1700 ft/s 35.0
7520 lb
49.
vector x-component y-component
°
1300 −1300 cos 54 1300 sin 54°
3200 3200 sin 32° 3200 cos 32° °
° Rx = 7520 cos 35.0
2100 −2100 cos 35 −2100 sin 35°
−788.6 2561 Ry = 8250 − 7520 sin 35.0°
R = Rx2 + R y2 = 7310 lb
R= ( −788.6 )2 + ( 2561)2 = 2700 lb R
θR = tan −1 y
= 32.6°
2561 Rx
θ ref = tan −1
−788.6
° °
° °
θ = 180 − θ ref = 107 53. upward force = 0.15sin 22.5 + 0.20 sin15.0
= 0.11 N
y
54.
SM d M
700 o
107 x
o
29
VC
°
50. Fv = 15.0 cos 6.0 = 14.9 mN
51. d 2 = 220 2 + 460 2 − 2 ( 220 )( 460 ) cos 61°

d = 400 km
v
v y = 3.5 m/s
55. d 2 = 0.96 2 + 0.96 2 − 2 ( 0.96 )( 0.96 ) cos105°
θ
d = 1.5 pm
vx = 5.0 m/s
Chapter
356
56. 150 2 = 240, 000 2 + 240, 000 2 extra pipeline

− 2 ( 240, 000 )( 240, 000 ) cos θ = 3.756 + 4.675 − c
θ = 0.036 ° = 3.756 + 4.675
− 3.752 + 4.6752 − 2 ( 3.756 )( 4.675 ) ⋅ cos168.85°

57.
= 0.0394 km
B
60.
1.25m C
o
27.5
C A 6.75 5.75
2.7 1.25
= ⇒ A1 = 85.849°
sin A sin 27.5
° B
A2 = 94.152 A 7.50
(
B1 = 180 − 27.5 + A1 = 66.651 ) 2 2 2
( )( )
° ° ° 5.75 = 6.75 + 7.50 − 2 6.75 7.50 cos A
(
B2 = 180 − 27.5 + A2 = 58.348 ) A = 47.2°
° ° °
6.752 = 5.752 + 7.50 2 − 2 ( 5.75 )( 7.50 ) cos B
short length B = 59.5°
= 2.70 2 +1.252 − 2 ( 2.70 )(1.25 ) cos 58.348°
= 2.30 m ( )
C = 180° − 47.2° + 59.5° = 73.3°
long length
= 2.70 2 +1.252 − 2 ( 2.70 )(1.25 ) cos 66.651° 61.
= 2.49 m
58. d
target 18,700 mi
o
105.4
s
22,500 mi
h
o
39 r
d = 18, 700 2 + 22,500 2 − 2 (18, 700 )( 22,500 ) cos105.4°
d = 2200 ( 0.20 )
= 32,900 mi
h = d sin 39°
s = 1130 ( 0.32 ) 62.
r = s 2 − h 2 = 233 3.30 ft 2.02 ft

The dector is on a circle 233 ft in radius with
center directly below the target. 2.31 ft x
59. 180 o - θ
o
Chapter
357
168.85
c
3.756
4.675
Chapter
358
3.30 2 = 2.312 +1.82 2 − 2 ( 2.31)(1.82 ) cos θ

66.
θ = 105.5°
180° − θ = 74.5°
2.02 2 = 1.82 2 + x 2 − 2 (1.82 )( x ) cos 74.5° , using
quadratic formula, 226.73 m
x = −0.516, 1.49 ⇒ x = 1.49 ft 126.74
o
185.12 m
63.
14 o
x 2 = 185.12 2 + 226.732 − 2 (185.12 )( 226.73 ) cos126.74 °

65 x = 368.61 m
d
67.
o o
40 Nashville 10.5
35
40.5
o plane
100.5 o
290 mi
d = 652 + 352 − 2 ( 65 )( 35 ) cos140° 39.0 o
d = 95 m
Atlanta
352 = 652 + d 2 − 2 ( 65 )( d ) cos θ
θ = 14° E of S
distance from plane to Nashville = d
64. 116 2 = 302 2 + 224 2 − 2 ( 302 )( 224 ) cos θ d
° =
290 mi
sin 39.0 sin100.5°
θ = 19° d = 190 mi
65.
68.
125 mi
Horizontal
o 6.2 o R
76.5
y 6.2 o 33.5
o
o
13.5
tower o x fire o
166.5 15.0
pond
2.25 x Rx = 140 cos 30.0° + 225 cos15.0°

=
sin 6.2° sin 7.3° R = −125 −140 sin 30.0° + 225sin15.0°
y
x = 2.65 km Ry
−1
R = Rx2 + R y2 = 365, θR = tan = 338.0°
Rx
displacement: 365 mi, 22.0° south of west
Chapter
359
69. 71.
Wind
25.2
480
α O
x 650
480
tan α =
650
1450 2 = x 2 + 3250 2 − 2 ( x )( 3250 ) cos 25.2° , using α = 36.4° N of E
quadratic formula, F = Fx2 + Fy2 = 650 2 + 480 2

x = 2510 ft, 3370 ft, ambiguous case
= 810 N
70.
y
H
72. o
21.0 o o
69.0 10.5
S
5.6 o
30 o x B
1250 ft/s
missle: vx = 1250 + 2040 cos 30.0°

°
HS BS 650
v y = 2040 sin 30.0 = =
sin15.4° sin 79.5° sin 85.1
vv = −32.0t t =10.0s = −320 BS = 641 km from Boston to ship
v = vx2 + v 2y + vv2 = 3200 ft/s HS = 173 km from Halifax to ship
y
73.
C
vy
θ 35 N 25 N
x
vx
vy
θ = tan −1 = 18.7 ° from direction of plane
vx
Since the resultant of the three forces is zero the
vectors form a closed triangle with sides of 45, 25
θ
and 35. The angles between the forces may be
320
found using the law of cosines.
320
θ = sin −1 = 5.7 ° below horizontal
3200
Chapter
360
252 = 352 + 452 − 2 ( 35 )( 45 ) cos A

A = 34°
352 = 252 + 452 − 2 ( 25 )( 45 ) cos B

B = 51°
(
C = 180° − 34° − 51° )
°
C = 95

Basic Technical Mathematics 10th Edition Washington Solutions Manual 1

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Basic Technical Mathematics 10th Edition Washington Solutions Manual 1

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Solution Manual for Basic Technical Mathematics 10th Edition

by Washington ISBN 0133083500 9780133083507

VECTORS AND OBLIQUE

B A 8. (a) 400 ft/s is scalar; it has magnitude but no

5. (a) scalar, no direction given 12.

6. (a) 25 mi/h is scalar, it has magnitude but no R

o 46. From the scale drawing, we see that the ship's

From drawing R is approximately 900 lb at 70° 300

47. From the scale drawing, we see that the resultant

650 N Vy = 14.4 sin 216 = −8.46

Since the total force is zero, the three vectors form

Ax = 375.4 cos 295.32 = 160.5

4. 12. Let V = 9750

Tx = 85.0 cos 45° = 60.1 lb Vx = V cos 243.0° = 9750 ( −0.4540 ) = −4430 N

5. Vx = 750 cos 28° = 662 13. Let V = 76.8

6. Vx = 750 cos105° = −750 cos 75° = −194

Vy = 750 sin105° = 750 sin 75° = 724

7. Vx = −750 cos 62.3° = 750 cos 242.3° = −349

Vy = −750 sin 62.3° = 750 sin 242.3° = −664

Vy = −750 sin 52.4° = 750 sin 307.6° = −594

11. Let V = 8.6

Vx = V cos 296.0 = 0.0998 ( 0.438 ) = 0.0437 ft/s

Vxy = 8.6 cos 68 °

15. Let V = 9.040, θ = 270° 18. Let V = 6.78

Vx = V cos 22.5° = 6.78 ( 0.924 ) = 6.26 lb

Vx = 9.040 cos 270° = 0 ft/s 2 Vy = V sin 22.5° = 6.78 ( 0.383 ) = 2.59 lb

Vy = 9.040 sin 270° = −9.040 ft/s 2

16. Let V = 16.4

Vx = 25.0 cos17.3° = 23.9 km/h

22. Vx = V sin 66° = 18.0 sin 66° ( ) 29.

= 16 ft/s toward highway

23. Fx = F cos 3.5 = 2790 ( 0.998 ) = 2780 lb

Vx = 210 cos 65° = 89 N

V Vy = −210 sin 65 = −190 N

v⊥ = 25sin 65° = 23 mi/h

26. Fx = F cos 78.6° = 3.50 ( 0.198 ) = 0.692 ft 31. 80 cos 20° = 75 lb

Fy = F sin 78.6° = 3.50 ( 0.980 ) = 3.43 ft

Total upward force = F1y + F2 y = 60.0 +19.6

= 0.57 (km/h)/m Ry = 210 sin 20.0° − 405sin 55.0°

vertical component = 0.75sin 40° R = Rx2 + R 2y = 260

9.3 Vector Addition by Components

R = 69412 + ( −1246 ) = 7052

θ = 360o −10.18o = 349.82o

Rx = 1331 − 2857 = −1526

( −1526 ) + ( −8401) = 8538

Rx = 630 cos189.6 = −621

U x = −621+135 + 81.6 = −404

U= ( −404 )2 + 962 = 415

Vector Magnitude Ref. Angle

245sin16.3° = 68.8 245 cos16.3° = 235

θ = 180° − 84.3° = 95.7°

R= ( −53.2 )2 + 529 = 531 m

Vector Magnitude Ref. Angle

R= ( −116.4 )2 + ( −6.8 )2 = 116.6 mi/h

(15 cos 72 ) + (15 sin 72 )

Note: 252 + 252 ≠ 352 because values have been

R= (1700 + 2500 cos 37 ) + ( 2500 sin 37 )

9.4 Applications of Vectors R = 5.752 + 3.252 = 6.60 lb

Ry = 16.18sin 31.25° = 8.394

vpx = vpa + vwx = 600 +100 cos 45.0° = 671

The plane is traveling 675 km/h in direction

R = 520 2 + 780 2 = 940 lb

F sin 35° = 24 sin 25°

F = Fx2 + Fy2 = 120 2 + 490 2 = 504 lb