4. Meu kak ona 3 ‘Tpex CBAMEHHDIX perasHii (Napaay ¢ 3epKanom H AIUMOBLIM OKepenbem), Bpyyennbix Goruuei Connua Amatapacy caoemy 3eMHOMY HAMCCTHHKY B KauecTBe CHMBONa GoxKecraeHHOH Bnactu He6a ua 3emae. B 910M KayecTBe Me4 CTAHOBITCA CHMBOJIOM HMIepaTopcKoil BIACTH, 3HaKOM ee HeETHTHMU3AlHH CO CropoHbl 6oros. Odnayaa BeICOKHM CeMHOTHYECKHM CTaTyCOM B KONTeKCTE putyaua, Meu He notepan ero H B NoBceLHeBHOM OpiTy. Sro oGycnopmuBanock octrpoToi uw yipyrocrbio cranbHoro KANHKA, Hepkamlero” Ha pacToaHMM BparoB BbIsbiBAIOWerO y BcexX GyNaroroReiiueni crpax uH Tpener. Mey cranopurca NOCPeAMMKOM MeXKY MHUPOM 2KHBbIX HW MHPOM MepTBBIX, “TpaHblo HCTOpHH H ee Bo3MOxHOCTeH”, Kak nucat Mna3o Huro6a p caoei Kuure “Bycuao. Alyx Anonnn”. Counanbo-nommTHyeckne ocoGeHHocTH ANOHcKOrO cpemHeReKOBOTO oOilecTBa C NpHMaTOM caMypaiicraa Haq UpyrMMu cocnOBHAMH ycHIWIM H paspwin cHukperH3M “putyanbnoii” wu “npowspogcTseHHoit” qynKunii Mega, BoGpaBni? B CeOA KAK NpeycTaBieHHaA ANOHLeR O MucboNOrMYecKOH KapTHHe MHpa M peuHPHOSHylO MpaxTHKy CHHTO, Tax H Goesyio NpakTHKy caMypaes Ha HpoTKeHMH MHOTHX croneTHii dopMupoBanua HM ykperviewHaA BOeHHO- (peouanpuoro rocynapersa. _ AA.Ambapyyman Cumbosuecnoe 3Hauenne Ppapaxapa B CoBpeMeHHOM 30poacTpuaMe Vso6paxenwe durypbl c KppuibaMH, HMeHyeMOii coBpeMcHHDIMH sopoacrpniinamu @papaxap, Papasaxap win @apoxap, or apecr. Ppasaum (frauuasi-), ap.-nepe. ®papaprn (Fravarti-), cp.-nepe. Ppasapy (fravard (plwlt; manux. cp-nepe. prwrd}) 4 Ppapaxp (frawahr {plw hl; aianux. cp.-nepe. prwhr-}), B . Hpane uapecrno c Axemenusckoro Bpemenn (penbedpt Hepcenonsa, bucyryHcxaa cKaya). SrHMonOrMNecKH 9TO Ha3IBaHHe YANe CBAIIRANOC. Cc ApPeBHeEMpaHcKoi ocHopoli *fra-varti, HMeromeii sHayenne “noKpoBHTenbcraa, mpexoxpanenna, aanyutel”. 3 Hexovropbie vccneqonaTen nosaraior, ¥To Ha ‘axeMeHWACKHX -penbedbax w306paxen Axypa-Ma3ia B KpbiiaTOM. comHesHOM gucKe. Fp atom Sor, To- BHAUMOMY, BEH4aeT HA HapcTBO axemMenHACKOrO Mapa, Wepxka B Pyke NapcKHA BeHeL, BOIMOXKHO, cHMBoN XBaperbl. Ha axemenwAckHx pesbedax, Tam, rie He xBaTaO MecTa, HIOGpaxKascA TONDKO KpLUIATbIA AHCK Ge3 urypbl YenoBeKa. Y Hpaniles 3TO WI0GpaxKeNNe MONO GbITb cBA3AHO Kak ¢ CONHEHHDIM GoxEécTROM Murpoti, tax 4 ¢ Xpapenoit — Goxxectenuoii Gnarogatbio (rpey. xapH3Moii) Bo3sMoxna ero cB#3b TonbKO c Xpapenol (pap. XpapHo, Papx, Mapp) u Hpapiwthnee 6p110 6p HasBanue Xvapena, apn unw app. XBapena, cormacro Bamitan Suty (Aur 19,34), Morna npuuumats oGmaK ntHubl. Mspectno, yo H0Gpakenve KpbMAaTOro COMMA H NTHUDI ¢ YeNOBEYeCKOH ronoBOH BOCXORUT K Eranry (ommuersopenne Popa ~ Gora-scrpeGa, unkapnanau dapaona — Gora- yapa). Toxoxne n3s06paxeHa OTMeYeHBI TAOKE B XeTTCKOM M MHTAHHHcKOM uckycerBe ~ Kpbuiarbtti MHCK aBNAICA CMMBONOM GoxecTReNHOrO NapceTBa H Gowecrsennoli GnaronarHh wag uapem. Dror o6pa3s nonyynt TawKe pacnpoctpanenue p Basnnonun #4 Accnpan. B Acupyu kppuareiit muck cuMBOUNaNpoBAN Gora conmia Wamama, a mso6paxkenne ¢ yeroBeyecKoit 84gurypolt — accupuiicxoro Gora Aumtypa. AXeMenHcKe IsOGparKenHA “fpapaxapa” nanGonee GuWaKM accupitiicKum MpoTOTATIM. B_ napisnickom, CACANMYICKOM Mi CpeytHeBeEKOBOM HCKYCCTBE yakHe HIOOpaxKeunsa Ne TOYA pacnpocrpanenua. B Tpatuunonnom 3opoactpHsMe “papaxap” KaK (pustiocodpekoe penuruosioe —MloulsTHe —anteTen —oGosttaueiueM npapeanpix — AYU, CYIMECTBROBABLINX MO POKACHH H OCTAIOMINXCH WUT MNocHe CMEPTH, B Apectre OHH MBICHIUIHCL B BHIE CTAIOUIMX KPLUTATHIX CyIIECTS, KoTOphie Hopw«Kaloy crpenani Tica zopoe (Suir 13.45-49: “Snare, CHULbIbIM, caatbim ¢ppapauiam Tpawesubix MOKHOUACMCA, KOTOPHIE B chou floma npiieraior”). [tia 4x youaxenna cyiiecraowann cnennanbibie autypriteckite Monuran (Sona 23 4 46), Corsacto avectuitcxomy THMIy, NOCBAIEHUOMY “qpasanan” (Dpavapann Suir, Shur 13), npaveanoimn myuamn oGaasasH Gord, peers oxpy:karoutelt pupoau — He6o, woabt, semis, pacrenna, Howurrach TawKe “ippabanin” Gpikon, Noell, CBATLIX TROpeHHit Axypa-Ma3avi, B WHICHO KOTOPLIX PXOATH npapeibe Ayu BZaparyurpbr Cc ero NcpBbIMit YHeHTKaMit; — ChIOBLS 3apatymTppl, pom H ABOP Lapa Buurracnps; npawemibie Ayu NocietoRa yeneit M3 crpan Apia, Caupuwa, Tyupita, Cannu, Jlaxity, Myka, Paowatiia, Tauita 1 Anaxumpa; mpaneaine Ayu apesnyx wapell W repoes or Hawn no Kau Xaocpana w Kepecacrot; Ayam mipamentiet 2eritHtl, MyveUHIK W ChAT 68, B Gpavarun Sure “panaueli” oOnanaer cam THOPEH TIPAHEAHOFS Mupa Axypa- Manna ( sunt 13.80: “wa weex Tex apepnux dpanauieli Mb nowuttacy ¢bpasaunt Axypa-Maanel, pemmuaiiero WM Hansysurero”). Toanranmio “dppanamedi” TocRAMeHbI TAKE MATH: HEH Mocsesero Mecmta yopoactpHiickoro KasteHsapa (Cnanaapmaga) Mo ATR) BCTABHDIX uel, paBHbIX YHCTY pasicstoB Tar Bapatyurmpar — pce STM NecaTh Tet nowy4MTH HAsBaNHe @Mpanapauran - npaslwHK TouNTANHA He yOnaxKeHHa “ppapaueii” (uiecrolt 3opoactpnitcKnit raxaMoap —- — apecr. xamacnaTMagsaiia, — ¢p.-Mepe. Xamacniamanem). Hasnuarouniica Boel 3a ITHM nepsblit Mecsil HOBOrO Tota MpapapAnn TOKE nocrsulaerca “cppapaiam”. “papain” CAYKHTMH TAKE AYKAMH-XPaHHTesAMH cpoero posta HW GbUIH cBa3AHbI C KYIbTOM YMePIIHX MpeAKOB, © KYsIbTOM, ymMuparoutel pockpeulaioieli TIpHpoybl. Exxeroavo B NepHoy mpagHHKa 10. ycomumnm jyiaM @pasarqurana (Xamacriamasioma), nepey WasasoM HoBOro Tona, “dppasauun” BOsBpalllanHCh Ha 3€MIO Juia BCTpest ¢ MHpAHaMH H CO CBOHM ponom. Corjacno TpasMuHH, “papain” cozjaHbl Axypa-Ma3aoi 18 OTPMKEHHA HANAMCHHA SIX CHT Aurpa-Maniily Ha Mp. Bo Bpema nacTymienHs Ppauio-KepeTH (4ynoneitcrsna), OKONTATeENBHOH ToGenbI GyarHx cHn Hay SIbIMM, NpaBesHble AYIA sopoactpniiues BockpecHyT 3aHoRO H MosydaT B narpagy ot Axypa-Ma3apr “nocnemylomiee” HHCTOe TE (cp.-rlepe. man-u nacon) B 3EMHOM Pato. @papaxap cTat CHMBOJOM 3opoacrpH3Ma Bs Heyapnee Bpems. Vsodpaxenne xpnutatoit purypbt Bnepabic cpa ¢ Ppapaun M @pasaxapoM pmaniicknit sopoacrpaiicknit yuenniit nape Jbk.M.Yusara (1925 4 1930 rr.) B KauectBe cranapruore o6pasa 3opoactpHiiiamn Gbu10 BHIGpano HIOGpaxeHHe @papaxapa 13 Mepcertona (Tponwpiit say). OGssacnente COBpeMeHHDIX 30poactpHiites CUMBOHMECKOTO 3uaueHita (urypbl ¢ KppiibaMi He HMeeT Huyero OOMero C HCTOPHYeckHM aHauennem cHMBONAa, OHO MpencraBssaeTr coboii Bcero JIMMM MONBITKY HapomHol HATepaperanAy (H.P.B. Neku; Sh.Shabriari; 85X.Manepo; MoGen @apn6yps WWaxsaan; Mo6ea Baxpam LWaxaazu). FJopoacipuiickne Apes! HcnouLsyior WIOGpaxKciite Dpaxpapa B KayecrBe Harpyuioit WENOCTpalLM OcHOBONOsaraIOUNIX 3eMeNTOR cBoeii penHrnn. @urypa nowxiwcioro esoneKa c Hopoaroii H KPHLIBAMH NperctansAET COBO, HO HX Mucuinio, ouMneTROpeHe MpaBaimin — Geecmepruoll AyuIN HpaBeOrO YeTOBeKA, cotnopentioro Aypa-Mayoit, Ona cumBosanpyer TakoKe aHaMeIILyIO MyztpocrD. Tlojiaras apepx pyka FOBOPHT O GUINCTBENHOM HalipaBACHHH, KOTOpoe cueqyeT pMOpate, IFO HYTh NpancmuOcrH (Awu — rAOGAMBHOFO JaKoNA sMposstatita), B netipe dunryph Dpanaxapa vaxosuercd Kpyr, cHMBOANINpyIOUUi ayuty HWUIAYMa, BeMOCTL BeEHEHMOH, BeYHyIO MpHposy seAOBc4ecKOlt Ayu, Tlojoduo Kpyry, YIN He HMcIoT HH Havana, mn Kona. Jlua pasBHTia 1 copepiicnetnosainia jyina Heer jwa Kpbula. B KwKAOM KPHUIE MATH cHOEB nepres, Oni MOryT CMMOMHMpOBATL NAT’ GORecrBHNIX parstevOR Hecen Par APALYHIL PH, HATH CrPwKClt LU, NATh YYRCTB HEAOBEUECKOFO TeITa B nipuposte cyuteciayior ve npotmocroauue pyr apyry cnet: Cnenra- Mainiiiy — Gaaroii jtyx want acape pownu (cp.-epe. acap pounnx “Geekoneusbit ener”) it Ain pe-Marmity = 3n0i1 ayx Wa acape mapuxu (ep.-nepe: acap TapHKAX “Geckoneunat ThMA"). Mexuty iM sposouKatca rpornBoGoperno. Jlyina HOHONEKA HAXOJUITCA MOKILY TTHAUL UBYMA CHAM, HW Ka@AIEA HX HX TAHET Ce Ha cnoro cropony, Jipe CKPYSeHUbIX HOF, NNCXOJLIMIX © ABYX CropoH OT Kpyra, CHMBOMBUpYION AanuBte cit. UroGni nomods Aye HaiirH papnopecne, Ayua chaGKena “pyres” w mite xnocra. B xnocte HMeetes TPH CHO NepLea, KOTOpHIE CHMBOMNBHpYIor Nyth upareavocrn (AwnH)-Xymara, Xyxta, Xpapacra W014 Manan, Dasani a Kynaumin ~ ¢ 4x moMoulbio Aye Npedocravaserca BOIMOKTOCTn cAMOCTONTEHOTO AYXOBHOTO parBiTHA HW HEIGOpa. TpH OTPHILFEABHOM BLIGOPE - ITO BHOMBICINE (LYWIMATA), ZIOCHOBNE ({YUIXyxTA) SoAew Ne (lyurxBaputita), Posxona «purypot -Hanommgacr mitpanam, wo Axypa-Ma3ia japopant Kwxaoii jyme cBodoanyio BOO BHIGOpa ~ cICLOBATL GoOxECTBEHHLIM BCCHCHCKNM JaKOIaM. UI He cuelosaTh uM. Durypa jepKHT B pyKe oGpys KoTOphlit CHMBOSINSUpyer UAKbI NepepOoRACHHi Ha 3EMIe H MHOFOUNCICHIUbIC ypoBin, “epe} KOTOpHe AOPKHA NpoiiTH Aya no nyTH K coBepuicHcTBY HW nipapesuocrh = (OGpasenl — 30TepHeckoro . TOKOBAHA B AyXe —-Hacit pemikapsaring. Eoa senopek cicayer GoxkectaenibIM 3aKOHIM MoOCpeACTBOM 6narnx Manamun, Pasamnn nv Kynaumn, ro zyula cyMeer Jocruruyth exten © Axypa-Masaoii, Ivo mpercrosiiee coOmine, K: KOTOpoMy jlBiDKeTCH BCE corBopeiioe, naspmaerea Mpa-Keper. OGpy4 MOET CHMBOAIMPOBATL TAKE H KOLO OGera. Ecmn 30poacrpuey jaeT OGeuIaNe, TO OO, KAK KOJbLO, He Moker 64ITb pasopBario. H306paxenne @Mpapaxapa obbIHO ykpamaer COBPeMCHHbIC 3opoacrpniickne xpambr orus MH Mecta coOpannii. 3opoacrpuiiuwt ucnonpsyior MOABECKH, KYAOND, INAIKH, NOIPaBHTeNbUbIe OTKPITKH, HaKACIKN H MaiikH ¢ w306paxeniem Mpapaxapa. Dpapaxapom yKpaulaeca Takxke 3opoactpHiicKnit Kpacho-xKenTo-ciinit char. Cpeiuiaa xenTaa momoca AeKOpupyerca jByMA CHHHMH CEMHKONEYHDIMH 3Be3lAMH © H30GOpaxKennem Mpawaxapa nocepesnne, Pactipocrpantens TawKe 3oN0TLIC HM cepeSpauvie ykpaueius c W0GparxKcunem Z3aprywra = (Gapatyurrpp!) om Dpapaxapa, Metasuuricckne @papaxappt, 86nozoroxennDie HM oKppiTbre cepe6pom Dpawaxapbt ¢ tosicranKaMM WH KploukaMit 218 nosBeMHBAHHs, T.A.Cmeyxesus om” B Uae Cumponuka “packppit “Packputtas sayonb” — UIMpOKO WeecTHMit B MycyMMAlcKOM Mupe cuMBox, KOTOPOMY MoBCeMEcTHO ‘Tipiwiaeren aHayenue OGepera, Ha06paxenne “nansoKe” (“naxrepna”, “kHorh pykH") HOyHHIO HavGoubtilee pacripocrpaleHHe B mMuTcKOll cpere, Cramo HempeMeHtibiIM g/eMeHTOM KysIbTA MYYCHHKOB, cpoco6pasnoit oMGxemoit umuaMa. Hasepuins # Bae KUCTH pykH ~ atpHOyT PCHHTHOIHDIX INAMEH BAH alllypa, MasenbKHe cepeOpanbie “manypKe’” NOMeUUIH B cocystbl ‘¢ BoxOH. H306paxkenne packppiroi sao acToO Bcrpeaeres Na Gsnoj1ax, NoAHOCAX, PHTYAIHBIX TAMIAX, Peanrnosnibie BIA! HIMHTOB Ha Tak Ha3LIBACMOM HapOAHOM YPOBHE popMupyiorca npeannsaMHt faxGap) # MHOPOUHCIEHHBIMH BapHanTaMA TeKCTOB Tpaypubix MucrepHit, CHmposnKa “naiwpKe” Taoke CBA3AHa © 3THMH Heronikamn, OcHOBHOH format BepHl mNHTOB-AMaMHTOR — yueHMe 0 GoxecrBentioii, mpupone HMaMaTa. OGuemycysibMancKoe fpercrapsienne | oO “snojx stoma”, HIM “cemMbe npopoka” (axst al-Gailt), WHHTEE TpaKTyIor B caMOM y3KOM CMBICHC, CHHTad CeMbCii TOKO TATepbIX “oOnasateneil cBAl{eCHHOrO nokppipana” (axa am-Kica). Bosom 13 xaGapos PaccKasbIBAcTCA, YTO O/HAKHI Npopok Npwier OTAOXHYTH B OME cpoeii xen! ¥YMM Canama. K temy npauuin 1 neviin pasion punyu Xacan n Xyceitn, asarest Asst a @aruMa, Torta Myxamatant oGepiys HX noKppiBIoM (HH nwtmiom) H BockaHKHYys: “O, Astax, 970 Mow cemba, yGepH H3 HUX BCe HeuHeTOe H OMHCTH HX BeMHKHM ountuennem” (Cp. Kopan 33:33). LWnnrekan Tpaqnuna yreepaxaer, ITO BCE WICHDI “ax as-Knca” ObUIH cosfanit ANaXOM M3 ero GOXECTBCHHOTO CBETA, TONbKO OHH H HX MOTOMKH oGslaaioT NPABOM BEpXOBHOFO pykoBogctsa MycysIbMaHcKoii OOutMHOi, OLITD MMaMaMH — HOCHTeIRMH “GoxkectBeHHO; GaarogatH”. B coGpanun PMHP naxonures npexpachbiii o6pasen “nanpKe”’, OTpwKaloulMid ITY HACIO: Ha Gponsosoii HaqONH H THILO! Cropone B KpyrapIx tuiockocrax Bhirpapnposanbt HMeHa bora, Myxammayta, Ann, Datumet, Xacana nu Xyeciina. Bo onncannax WIMWTCKHX TpaypHbIx wepeMonnii HMeIOTCH CRHETEILCTBA TOFO, ITO “MaHsDKe” MOKET OTOKACCTBIATLCA C pykoii o”noro H3 ‘icnon “cemMbu npopoka” — AsiH, ero %xeHbI DarHMbl HAH HX cbIHa Xyceiina. Hlounranne Asm AOMIO y WIMHTOB O° HemocpesCTBCHUOTO: o6oxecraIeHHA (uanpumep, 8 Taiinoi oGuume “axa a-xaKk” (“aoa McTHNEI”)). Daruma He Hrpaia 3aMeTHoit pos MPH %KUIHH NpOpoKa, a YMepya TIpHMePHO Yepes MO rojla noce Hero. Ho, Grarogapa cit, nepexnBineli Bcex ‘qerefi mpopoka 4 Zapueii My:KcKoe MOTOMcTBO, Pon ero He mpepsanca. To TpemctassenuaM wWMHTOB, Matuma paszjesia ue ToubKO cTpasana cBoero My7Ka H nereli, HO HW HX pbicokHit craryc. Ee Msi LIHMTbI HasemaioT CAKPaIbHbIM CMBICIOM “ornyvenliad OT asicKoro orHa”, MOCKObKY Annax naposar eit mpaso ObITh Tocnoxoii Cyanoro Jina — onpeseiaTh KOHCHHYIO cymb6y YenOBeKa, 3aCTYNATHCA 3a rpeillIUtKOn, eciM OM NpHHAZIEKAT K TeM, KTO JHOOMT “ax aui-KHca”’, TO ecTb ABISOTCA IMHTAMH. 87