NloHsTHe, NpuAaet emy OcoGoe 3HayeHHe (Ba UBETKA CBAIAHbI C 3aMaxOM Apyseii 1 Apy Obi H T.21.). 5.MoxHo Mpesnonoxutb, ¥To cooTHeceHHocTs UBeTKa c ONpeneAeHHBIM NOHATHEM MMeeT MHOsOTH4ECKyIO NOMOTUTeKy, HO CKYAOCT MaTepHana He NO3BONIAeT FOBOPHTE 06 970m KonKperHo. specrHo amb, yTo wunoBHuKy B Mpave w3qapHa MIPHNMCIBaNCh OTPHUATeNbHbIe CBOlicTBa: BupyHu B."DapMakOrHo3HH" yKa3biBall ero Ha3BaHHe Kak "po3a pacnyTHHUbI", Takoe %e 3Ha¥eHHe HMeeT ITOT UBETOK B KiACCHYECKOM TIEPCHJCKOM, a O/H H3 ero Ha3BaHHi B HOBOTIepCHAICKOM - "THeMepHas po3a". (MoxkHO yka3aTb, K COOTHOMeHMIO @HaNKH c 3aMaxoM sjesyulKH, “Ha HOBOMepcHacKoe cpaBHeHHe " Kak bHanka" B 3HaYeHHH "CkpoMHaa KpacaBua", “onycrHBuiaa roaoBy".) 6.TakuM OGpa30M, jaHHbili naccax, conep»xKamii apa Kona, naeT Mpencrasnerne 06 wapectHbix B Mpane uperax H 0 YeHHOCTAX cacaHHscKoro obulecTBa, B nepBy!o ovepelb, Wapckoro zBopa, Oo HpaBax KOTOporo nosecrayer. Ero sHa4eHHe Ham BHAMTCA HB TOM, 4TO OH ABIAeTCA CBOerO poxa OOpasyOM KNaccHuKALHH UBeTOB, XOTA M Ha CaMOM MPHMHTHBHOM, 4YBCTBEHHOM, ypoBHe. O nonbiTke KOHKpeTH3aulHH BuOB pactennii ceuseTenbcTByer HasBaHHe TpaBbI - “Apnaumposa” M "Genaa", c 3anaXxoM MaTepeii H OTIIOB (NOCHesHee, HECOMHEHHO, BbI3BaHO CMBICIOBOH aHanorueit). Bo3MOxHO, aHHBIi TeKcT CHYKHN He TOKO pa3BNeKATeNbHBIM, . HO HM TO3HABATENIbHBIM LEMAM, NOCKOAbKY TOGA KNaccHuKana OGNersaer 3anoMMHaHHe 1 CHYKHT sy OGy4eHUA. 3aMeTHM, TO B ITOM NeXsIeBHIICKOM TeKCTe TAK 2e NONPOGHO NepeyHCHAOTCA KMBOTHBIC, Hpbi, MY3BIKAJIbHbIe HHCTPYMeHTBI, pasH4Hble Omioma H ap. Takum o6pa30M, MOMHMMO JByX Ha3BaHHbIX, B HeM HMeeTCA ele paq KOsOB, oTpaxkalolHx (pparMeHTs! Mpa cacanusckoro Mpana, nepemaiouux KilaccupaKanHio LO 3HaKOBbIX KOMILICKCOB H JalOUJHX OTBETbI He TONbKO Ha BONPOO, MOCTAaBNeHHbIl B 3aFOOBKe Te3HCOB. A.A.AMBAPLIYMSIH KOHb, BENIPb, CBMHbA, CAOH, BEPBJIO], KO3A H OHHHKOBAA TIAJIBMA B CPEJIHEMPAHCKOM MH®OJOPMYECKON TPA (110 MATEPHAJIAM TIO9M "CKA3AHHE O 3APEPE" "ACOPHHCKOE JJEPEBO") - B Apesve- 4 cpeaveupanckoii MHiponOrMH 3HaYHTeNbHOe MeCTO NpHHawexHT BOCTOYHOMpaHcKOH NaphanckoH Tpaguynu,- Bo6pasueii B ce6a mMHorouncmeHHbIe SNIEMeHTbI POACTBEHHBIX KYIbTyp - HpaHoapHiiues Cpeguei A3un u BocTounoro pana (Apuanni): napiax, cakos, axos, Maccaferos, Mapruanues, G6axrpuiilies, Xope3MMiilleB, cMcTaHues, a TakxKe mpanoapuiiues 3anaguoro pana: nepcos, Muaniiues, kepmanues. lapiauckoe rocyfaperso (aMHacrua . ApulaKusos) mpocyiectsogano c III Beka go #.9. no Hayano III Beka H.9. H 6bIN0 3aBOeBAHO nepcamu. [lepcuackoe rocygaperso mMHacTHH CacaHHoB = 3aHMCTBOBaIO MHOTOYHCIEHHBIC 3eMeHTL! NapdaHCKoli KysIbTYpbI H NHTepaTypbl. O6wenpaHcKaa CHHKpeTHY¥ecKad KYsIbTypa, cibopMuposaBiaica B Tlappun, nomox%kuna Hayao Pa3sBATHA OOLeHpaHCKOH snMYecKoH mMTepaTyps! uM Muconorun. TapdaHcKuMH MeHecTpenaMu (rlosTaMH-My3bIkaHTaMM TocaHaMH ) CO3aBalIMCb reporveckHe Mo>MBI © nereHmapHbix M HCTOpH4eckHX Wapax ApHaHBl (NonyMHdHYeCKOrO ApeBHeHpaHcKoro uapeTBa) H MHOrHe ApyrHe cBeTckve npousBeneHua. Tepowueckwe mo3Mbl oO wWapax Apart Xpa tax-Hamax ("Kumra 0 piactenmHax") oT¥acTH COxpaHHsMch TONbKO B Nepcwyckux nepepaGorkax noztos Jakuka u @upgoycn WWax-Hama ("Kuura o hapax"), OpHruiasbi napdsatickoii muTepatypbt 20 Hac He Zou. B cpeaHenepcwsckoii nutepatype ( "nexnesn" , 6ykB. "Napdarckaa") coxpaHHaHch aBe cpeqHenepcnacKHe 125nepepa6oTkH ABYX CTHXOTBOPHBIX COUHHEHHI, CO3laHHBIX Ha MapPAHCKOM A3bike B napdarckoe Bpema. Coxpaterbt on Obi Gnaronapa MpanckuM 4 HHAHiCKHM Jopoactpniiuam ( Mapcam ), xpaHHBUIHX HX B CreuMambHOM PyKONHCHOM c6opHitke, — Noay4Hpuiem HasBaHne "[exnesHiickoe Lllax-Hamo", B kysIbTOBBIX H OOpasoparenbibiy uenix. Teppoe counnenne - 9t0 repowKo-onnueckan nooma "Ckasanie (6yKp, “naMaTHas KHHra", “MeMopHam") 0 3apepe (3apuagpe)", nonecrsylounii o Tparnueckol rH6enH Sapepa, riaBHoKomaHayioulero Bolickamu ApHanbi, B BoiiHe uaps Kali. Buurracna 3 aunactun Keanunos, noxposutens npopoxa 3apatyurrpst (3opoactpa) u NpHHABUIero 30poactpHiicKylo Bepy, C UapeM xiOHOB (Ha3bIBAHHe OAHOTO M3 CaKCKHX WIM MaccareTcKHX TineMeH) ApiKacnioM, cloKer KOTOpO! BOCKOAMT K MUKAI gnmyeckux cKasaHHii o uapax Keanunax (ramust — Apecroi, "Llax-Hams" ®upzoycn). Bropoe counnenue - 90 noaMa-npenue "Acopuilickoe sepeso" (" [kpaxt-H- acopuK" ), MOBeTeByIOUIee 0 COCTA3AHHM HHMKOBO! NaTbMBI C KO3Oi, B KOTOPOH TloGeny onepxuBaer Ko3a, M NO 2alpy HarloMunaloUjee eBportelicKylo TEHLLOHY. 3jleck Ha MaTepHane 9THX ABYX YHHKASIBHEIX 109M HaM XOTeTOCh Gb paccmorpeTh MubonOrHHeckyio CHMBOMHKY HECKONBKHX KHBOTHLIX H OHOTO pacTenHa. Kons ("Ckasanne 0 3apepe", 84). O sHauittenbHoi pon KoHeii H KOHeBOsCTBA B APEBHEMPAHCKOM OOUIeCTBE CBHAETeNCTBYIOT UMeHa TlepcoHaxell NOMI: Hapb Buurracn - “wMerouymii pacnywenHiix KoHeli", coseruuk Jbkamacn - "nmcioulAit KaIeHMCHBIX, WIM TOULAX, HEOOMbUHX KOHEH MBIMACTOH MacTH", Uapb xiioHos Apsbkacn ~ "WMeIoUlHi AocTOHHbIX KOHeli (KOHeH WeHHOH, T.e. He cMeWaHHol MacrH), MiH o6perumii KoHs". KoHb B ApeBHeHpalickoM MHpe - caKpanH30BaHHOe >xKiBOTHOR, MpHHocMoe B >kepray Goram. Tax, B ABecte aps Buurracna npHHocHT B 2%KepTBy corHio KoHeli — GoxecTBy-noKpoBHTemo —KoHeH_M napHoKonbITHEIX JIpysacne ("3n0posoxonnas', apyroe ero uma Toyutypaan "Jyua 6bika") c npoch6oli nomo4ub WOTHAT MHOTOMACIEHHBIX NPOTHBHHKOB, B 4HCHe KOTOpHIX yOuiita Apemkat-acna (uaps Apmxacn), JIpysacna noworaer emy (Tom Suit). B apesuenpanckoii TPAQHUHH KOHb ABIACTCH CHMBONOM COJHUa H GoxecTBa comHya Mutppl ( xpapa aypsat-acna , "connie 6EictpoKoHHoe", Muxp Aur, 13, 90). Maccarerst CHHTasIH, 4TO camomy ObicTpoMy Gory HYKHO MpHHOCHTs B %KepTBY caMoe GbicTpoe cyutecTBO Ha cnere- Kona (Feponor, I, 216). Onnakasaa tpyn caoero y6utoro xfionamn orua 3apepa, Bactsap rosoput: "O rope, Ko noso6pas// Kowa TBoero CaHMyppa (GykB. Conax-Mypsaka)?!" B stoii uvrare 43 "Cxasanna o 3apepe" KoHb ynoaoGaserca TTHUe W Hapexaetca MMcHeM nlonyMuduyeckoH ntHus C>HMypB, pasHoBHmHocTHIo rpucba (asecr. Mapero-CasHo, ". ntvua-open", B nosqHel 30poacrpuiicko# rpannuun MuH4ecKoe Tpex4acTHoe cyulecTBO Cc roOBOH coBakH, C TYTOBHLIeM opila H XBOCTOM pbiOsi, pycck. Cumypra, apm. "nrnua Cunaa"), Konn-ntaya Wik Kpbulatbiii KOH’ MOAYHHI WHPOKOe pacnpocTpaHeHve B APEBHEHPaHCKOM H CKH(PCKOM HCKyCCTBE. Vso6paxenua opnuHorosoBbix KoHel sacBraeTenbcTBOBaHbI y cakos. Kppinatbtil KOHb ABIIAICA TakKKE ODHHM H3 BOMNOUeHH OoxecTBa BOcHHOH noOembI M rpoMa Beperpariibi 4 CHMBOsIOM BOMHTBEHHOCTH. Benpb ("Ckasanne o 3apepe", 46, 84). TIpenckasnisaa ucxon cpaxenna Bolick uapa Buutacna ¢ xiiovamu, J>kamacn rosoput: "3aptpa, (Kora) cpasstca // OTBaXxXHBI NPOTHB OTBaxKHOFO,// Benpb NpoTHB Benpa,// MHOrMe MaTepH NMUIATCA coopeii// ..." Onsakwpaa tpyn caoero youToro xiioHamn oTita Bapepa, Bactap ropoput: "O rope, oTeu-senpb,// KTo nonoGpan TBoli wieM?!" Kax sacrayer 13 9THX HpHMepos, B napdaxcKoi nutepatype Benpb/ka6an cumBomu3upopan Teponyeckoe Ha4ano H Obi CHMBOIOM BOHHCTBEHHOCTH. Benpb 3yecb CYKAT CHHOHHMOM repos, Geccrpauioro BoHHa, 4TO cONWKaeT Mapdstickylo TpanHUMIO c rperecKoii (GoeBBIe ULIeMbI c KAGAHBMMH KibIKAMM), C ApeBHeaHrHiickoli (oeRoli uteM ¢ Ms0paxeHHeM 126nenpa, Beonysibh), ¢ Apesnencnanackoli 1 mpeaHeupnanacKoi (senps-KHs3n). Hasnanme wenps ( papas ) c smpesneriumx BpeMeH sBANOCe PONOBLIM HMeHeM HeKOTOPLIX MaCcareTcKHX H MpaHoapuiicknx naemen (Asecta, @papapaun Hurt), p Napdsiickoe M cacaHMycKoe BpeMA KJlaHbI Cc POMOBLIM HMeHeM Bapaa 3aHumann BeRYUIee NONOXeHHe B CONMA:TBHON MepapxHH cBOETO BpeMeHH. Csnupa ("Acopniickoe nepeso", 111), Oxanunpas cRoio pews B cnope c uunKoDOH MameMoi, Ko3a NpespuTerbHo 3aaBnaeT: "M1 BOT a BbICKa3ana TeGe // 37H MOH 30noTbIe cnoBa,// NOOGHO Tomy Kak nepen cBuMBell // paccinalor xKemuyr,/..." CaoBa, BIOXKEHHBIe B YCTa KO3bI, HANOMHHAIOT HaM XOpomIO H3BECTHO GuENElcKOe BbIpaxenne, ynomanytoe B Epanrenun or Marea: “He aapaiite cBaTbinH rcaM HW He Gpocaiire xkeMuyra Balero Nepe” CANHbAMH, 4TOG OHM He NonpasH ero HOraMH CBOMMH 4H, O6paTHBUnce, He pacrep3an 61 Bac" (Mi, VII, 6). 3to cnopa camoro Mucyca Xpuicra 13 ero Haropriofi nponosean (M@, V, 3- VII, 27).Ha pose Mucyca, y uyseen, KaK WH TIOS/IHEe Y MYCYIbMaH, CBHHb# CHHTAJACb HEYKCTbIM %KHBOTHBIM, ynoTpeOseHHe ec Maco ObiNo sanperHbIM H CHHTaNOCb TpexoBHbIM. Hepoctoiinbili o6pas KH3HH CBMHbH TIpHBen K TOMY, YTO ce CTaIM CpaBHHBaTh C MOALMH FPeXOBHbIMH, TuYNbIMH H Hepa3yMubiMH. He copcem TakHM 6buI0 oTHOUIeHHe K cBHHBE B Tlapdun, xoTa ona He NOMb3OBATACh KAKHM Obl HH GbIIO NOYeTOM, B OTNHYHE OT cBOETO coOparTa KabaHa, Maco ee ynlorpebasnock B nuly Ge3 orpannuenni. Maco cBHHbH H KaGaHa 6bin0 MabickaHHoi niutelt uapei Tappan n Mepcun Cacaniion BnnoTb fo 3aBoenanns Mpaua apaGamn (VII Bex). TMapcbacKue 1 nepcnackne uapn cneyHastbHo OXOTHIHC. 3a kaSanamu n yorpanpasu nups, Harnaanbim canjeTenbcrBoM 3ToMy cnyxkaT, HanpHMep, Cacannackne cepeGpanbie Goma c H06paxKeHHAMM CIEH OXOTHI, BBICTABNEHHBIE B Onesie Bocroxa Spmuraxa. B To ppema kak KaGat/senpb nousTanca KaK repoHyeckoe 2XHBOTHOE, CBHHbA TaKKe KaK HB MNpembI/IyUleM cTyYae CYHTANach >%HBOTHEIM YnpaMbIM, HepasyMHbIM H rayrbim. BI pexe sananne Mapu Gbio sHaunTenbHEIM. Dro orpasniocs B Tom, 470 poxstenne Mucyca 6bi10 npencKaszaHo napdsricKHMn oKpeuamn - Maram (magi ab oriente - mar ¢ Boctoka"), 1, BO3MOxHO, B TOM, 4TO ynoMaHyToe B EsabresHn cnoso MaprapHt (margaritas), 71a OGo3HaveHHA 2%xeMUyra, MOXeT ObITh Napdanckoro WIM BOCTOHHOMpaHcKOrO MpoucxoxKneHHa. Ha ocHopanHH —9THx haxtopos npod. A.H.Boaeipes nonaran, yo npupesennan Mucycom noropopKa o CBHHbAX H KEMIYTE, BOCXOAMT K NapdsHckKoOi TpaqHUHH. Caon ("Ckasanne 0 3apepe", 27). + CHMBONOM BOHHCTBEHHOCTH Ht MOFYLCCTBEHHOCTH B aPHAaHCKOM BOiicKe BLICTyNaNH CnOHEI. B Goi ux noMeWManH Ha BTOPOe MECTO Mocse NeXOTHHLes H Mepen BCAAHHKAMH (HCHOMBIOBABLLMMH Kak KOHEM, Tak M OcnoB) H GoeBbIMH KOMeCHHLaMH. STOT NOpaOK, BOIMOXKHO GBI 3aHMCTBOBAH napdanam. Cacanwicke nepcbl crasinn GoeBbIx cnoHOB HM CHOHOBBIe Uy¥ena Ha Neppoe MecTO, ¥TOObI 3anyraTb MpoTHBHHKa ycTpaulalowjHM HX BHAOM. B nosme "Acopuiickoe jepeso" ynomuuatotea Goesbie (pasbapenubie) cnoHbt ( 3aHn mH ), Ha KOTOpbIX cpa2kaloTca repou Poiicraxm w CriaHabAd, M NOM KOTOPbIMH He pByTCA NOAMPYTH, —_BBIMOHEHHBIE H3° KO3be xKOxH ("AcopHiicKoe pepeso",72). B 3opoactpHiicKol TpagMyMH CAOHbI NPH4NCAOTCA K 4UCHY BPeAHbIX AeMOHH4ECKHX HlopoxaeHuii ( xpadrcap ), co3iaHHbix ambIM: AyXom AxpHMaHoM 1a GopbObi c Bepxonnbim Gorom Opmaziom. Hckmouenne,noxkanyi, coctassser MudpHyeckHit Genbilt CHOH ( MHAI-H-cri9q ), KOTOpHIH ABARETCR CHMBOIOM XpaGpocTH, MoryulecTBa H noGesbt, NB CacCaHMscKOe BPeMs CTAHOBHTCA TakKE CHMBOAOM —_ocyslapcTBeHHOCTH (Kapnamax, 1,9, 13), 127