Cyas ro n306paxKeHHaM, 20 KoHUAa V B. HO H. 9. PpPeKH He TIpHMeHA- IM B BOCHHOM MpakTHKe MOAWWICMHHK, Kak TaKOBOHM, HO Heo6xOxHMOCTb ‘ero, HJM KakOrO-TO MIpHcrocoGieHHA, ero 3aMCHAIOMETO, He BEISBIBACT coMHeHHit. O6 9TOM CBHJeTenECTBYeT caMa KOHCTpykuMA ueMoB. Jia proxu TenononHecckHx Bolt 3adpHKCHpoBaH MHs10c — BOHOUHBIIt roMOB- Holt yOop, KoTOppIli MOF CiY%KHTb NOAWWIEMHUKOM JA paciipocTpaHeHHo- Fo B TO BpeMsl MMOCcKOro LteMa. ApxaMyeckHe xe ULeMbI CO cHOxKHON Rekxopauveit LOWKHB! GOBLIN MIOTHO CHeTb Ha TOOBE BONHA; 9TO oco6ex- Ho HeoOxOJUMO IIpH OTCyTCTBHN MoxGOposO4HOro peMHA (B ukoHorpapun He 3a:pHKCHPOBaH), MOCKOBKY BLICOKHIi WLIEM C BOOCHHBIM XBOCTOM Ha Hepxatese nonpocry cBasuycs Obi ¢ FosOBEI. TlosqHeknaccuueckad CKyIbNTYpa WaeT OCHOBAHHe MpesMosaraTb Hasmune KoxKaHoro (2) TlosuieMHKa. He HcK1104eHO, 4TO B Oonee panHee BPeMA ero Por BbIMOMHATA Ipuyecka. Bonocel, Tyro 3amAeTeHHbIe M y10- 2KEHHBIC OMMCAHHBIM BbIILe CrOCOGOM, BIOsHe MOTIIM CiY%KHTb 3aMeHo!t TMOUNeMHHKa, 3HaMeHHTad FonOBAa MyXKCKOil CTaTYH C atbHHCKOFO akpo- rosa (Tak Ha3biBaeMbiii ,,benoKyppili lool”), OTHOCAMIAsICA K 490 — 480 TT. 40 H. 9., CIY:KHT TIpekpacHbIM MpHMepoM: BUeH KorkKaHbIit (2) pemenb, ykperiimoumit mpw4ecky, icHo MpocMaTpuBaetcs ee crpyKtypa. Baxno OTMETHTb TOT (pakT, YTO H30OparkCHHBIt ABHO He 3-6 (OHH KOpOTKO CrpHr- JIM Bosocbl), a 3pebIit MyKYMHA — BOMH, NOMHOMpaBHbiii Wien OOulecTBAa. To, uTo mpyyecka, Mo Bceli BUAMMOCTH, 3aMeHANa MOALWICMHUK, HHCKONbKO He YMamseT ce MarHueckoi HM couManbHOl yHkunii. Pannult IMIEM, Kak, BIIPOXeM, Hf Bech JOCTIeX BOHHA, Obi OHOBPeMCHHO H TIpeMeTOM, yka3bIBalollMM Ha COuMasbHbIit cTaTyc H OoraTo ykpallieHHbIM MarHyeckHM oGeperom. B aHHOM cily4ae, MpH¥ecka H LIeM BO MHOTOM TOXeCTBCHHBI, BO3MOXKHO, Jlaxke B3AMMO3AMCHAeMBI B H306paxkcHUsX. B oTOli CBA3H MOX%KHO OTMETHTE, YTO CHOBOM KpoPdAOs KoTOpHIM DyKugUA OGosHauaeT IpH4ecky apXaH4eckoili 9T10XH (He HCKIIOUCHO, TO Kak pas TY, O KOTOpoli HueT peu), Kcenodout Ha3biBaeT BoOCAHOM cynTaH Ha ueMe. A. A. AMOapityMaH HEKOTOPBIE BOEHHBIE PEAJIMM 110 JAHHbIM J{PEBHEMIMETO ®PATMEHTA MPAHCKOLO SIIOCA (,,Aitanrap u 3apepan” — ,,CKa3anne 0 3apepe”) »Aiianrap u 3apepaH” — ,,Cka3anve o 3apepe”, MepeBoxHMoe MHora kak ,,[Ipeganne, niu TlamatHas kHura 0 3apepe”, ABIACTCA YHHKANIbHBIM 69STIMYECKMM MOSTHYCCKMM MaMATHMKOM, BOCTIEBaIOLLMM Tepow4eckoe Mpo- oe ereHapHoro AoaxemeHuAcKoro Upava H TeCHO CBASAHHBIM ¢ MpH- HATHEM HOBO penHruu Mpopoka 3apatyuirpsl. CoxpanuBuiniica cpeqHe- MepcH{CKHii TekcT NaMATHHKa BOCXOANT K VI B., OMHAKO, TO MHeHHIO OoubUIMHCTBa MccieqOBaTeNel OH NpezcTaBisAeT COOO! BCero MMI HerMosI- Hy10 MepepaOorky MapavcKoro OpHrHHasla, BO3MOXHO, CyllecTBOBaBUIe- ro B nepHos.c 12 no 162 r., korga B Tlapdun Hauasca mpouecc Bo3poxkse- HHA NappsAHCKoli HW WpeBHevpanckoli kynbTypbl. CoslepkaHve NaMaTHHKa o6Hapy2kHBaeT CBO HCTOKH B MeHbiweli crerieHu B D'arax 4 B Gonbuteli cre- MeHH B MilajloaBecTHlicKoli TpanMuHH (,,Amr” V, IX, XIII, XVI, XIX), roe BOCHeBaIOTCA ACAHHA OTMCNbHBIX repoeB. PasBepHyToe H3IO%KeHHEe COOBI- Tui cofepxkuTCA TONBKO B ,,Aianrap m 3apepan”. HesHaynTenbHo OTIMYa- Fouladcd HOBOMepcHACKasd BepCHA BOUIIa MO3qHee B cocTaB ,,[1laxHame” A. @upgoycu (Bepens nostra A. Jlaxuxu Tycu). Bech reker naMaATHHKa NocBa- LeH H3s102%KHHIO BOMHBbI IPaHLeB C POACTBEHHBIM MyIeMeHeM XiioHOB (aBecT. XiiaoHa), BOSHUKWe 13-34 MPHHATHA 9paHlaMM BO riaBe c apem Pam- Ilaxpom (6yks. ,,oKoii WapeTBa”, ,,oOnamqalomMit MHpomOOHBEIM Uap- ctsom”) Kaii-Buuracriom ,,HesaliaTHaHHoi” Ma3ascHHiickoit pesMrHH, TO ABMMOCb MpH4YHHoOH HallecTBHA MpoTHBHUKa. B Goro reponyeckn moruGa- oT MHOFHe BHCIyxpbI aps Buurtacna, B TOM uMcue M ero Gpat, cambiii CWJIbHBIH M MOGNeCTHBI BOHH, PlaBHOKOMaHAYIOWHii BolickaMH SpaH-lWax- pa, 3apep (aspect. 3aupueapu — GykB. ,,3aTONaHUMpHbIt”, cp. AMA OfHOTO 3 ero 6patbes: Myxtapapn — 6yxs. ,,c pacnyleHHbIM NaHuMpem”, ,, AwT” XIII, 101; V, 112). 3a ru6emp 3apepa meTut ero cptH Bactsap (aspect. Bacma- eapu- ,,c KperiKO 3aB934HHBIM NaHuMpem”), KoTOpbIit yOuBaeT yOuliny ora — KomgqyHa Bugpadura. Onnaknpas ru6enb 3apepa, repo Bo riaBe C CBIHOM Buurracna Cnanfiiaqom oKpyxaioT Bolicko xlioHcKoro Waps Apmkacna (apect. Apedoicam-acna) u nonHocrbio uctpe6sstor ero, TlaMaTHHK 3aBep- maeTca NoSesol spaHles H NocpaMmenvem laps xiioHos. Cnansiiay w3yBe- UMBaeT eo H OTIYckaeT B CTpaHy XifOHOB Ha OcsIe c OTpe3aHHbIM XBOCTOM. Tlockompky TekcT MaMATHHKa NOcBsLIeH TparH4eckuM COOBITHAM BOH- HbI C XHi0HaMM, B HEM OOHapy2KHBaeTCA MHOXKECTBO MpeCTaBIAIOWIHX 1O- BOMBHO Gombuiolt MHTepec BOCHHEIX peal. Cyya 0 coxpaHuBulelica nap- (paHo-cpeaHenepcuycKoli Bepcun ,,CKa3aHHs 0 3apepe”, MonsATHe BOHHBI aAudpepeHunpoBasocy Ha HelitpanbHoe (pasm) H Ha Gonee KOHKpeTHoe — o6opoHutesbHad BoiiHa, BOH MpoTHBOcTosHHA (nadpazm). UpaHusl uMe- JIM ontpeyleneHHyto crpyktypy Bolicka cnax (Ap.-up. cnada). Ovo Spur He- PperyJIAPHBIM H CO3bIBAJIOCb TOMbKO Mepes HaYaIOM BOCHHBIX AclicrBuii. B HeFo MIpH3bIBaNIMCb BCe MyXK4HHBI UapcrBa B Bospacte oT 10 Zo 80 ner. Boli- CKO OOBIMHO COCTOATO H3 MexOTsI (Kapean, nati2aH), OTpALa NOTOHLAKOB 70culoHos (nwi6ax), BcanHUKOB (cmop6an) u oTpsa GoeBbIX KONeCHHI (eap- ity) c KonecHHUHMH (6apdityHdap). Ha Boopy>KCHHH y BOHHOB Opin Mez- lbre H cTasbHbIe Men (Kapd, wamuep, Naph. waguep), nyKH (Kaman), Kon- yaHbl (Kanmuep) Mi cTpenbI (muep). CaMH BOHHEI oGnauasilich B CBEpKarolHe GuecTaLMe U THWATebHO OTHOMHpoBAHHBIe NaHyMpH (spex U powaH) HB TWacTHHYaTEIe YeTbIpexcioHHble NaHUMpH (spex H yaxapkap0). Korps 6bu1H JBYX BUAOB: Aya OAWKHETO Gos MCTIOMbSOBANHC, MO-BUAMMOMY, AIMHHbIe Korba (pau), WA WastbHero — KOpOTKHe KOMIbA (x93ax). B 61m2KHeM Goro TIPHMcHAIMCh TakxKe OCTposesBHiiHble OPyAMA HesACHOrO XapakTepa (dap), BO3MOX%HO B KauecTBe pa3sHoBMBHOcTH Meua. J[1A NOKPbITHA TONOBbI BO BPeMA CPaxkCHMsA MOFIH MCMOJIb3OBATS METAJUIMYECKMe ULIEMBI WIM KOXKA- HbIe Wanku (xoi, Ap.-Hp. xaoda). Ha Horv HafleBamM crenMasbHble KoxKa- HbIe caTtorH (ox). CHMBONIOM LlapcTBa ObLIO WapcKoe 3HaMa (dpadut), ko- Topoe BO BpeMsA God MOMKEH ObIM HeCTH crelMaNbHbI 3HAaMeHOCEL. CyutecrBopanu TawxKe TepMHHEI 1A OGO3HAYEHHA pasIM4HBIX BHOB re- policrBa, oTBarv H o6secTH: eapa3 — repoli-Bempb (HelitpanbHoe), tan — repo, ymamen (o6magatesem ero ABIANICA Cnanpiiag), maxm — xpa6pel 4 196 — CMembuak (OGmasaTenb AByX MocmeqHUX — 3apep). Mpu3Hakamu OTBa- TH cuntasucb yOneHve Bpara (03a0aH), YTONCHMe Kak MbI KPOBbIO Bpara WIM BHyleHHe KpoBn Bpara (xyH Oudan), 6uTBa cC BparoM HacMepTb (aHow xéeap- dan — 6ykB. ,,BKylaTb GeccMepTHe”), MecTb Bpary 3a CMepTb 6nwxKHeTO (KeH). Tapcexumu HarpagaMi M MooulpeHHaMu 3a WOOnecTb H OTBATY, MIposBIICH- HyIo Ha rome 6uTBBI (xapesap), ABIANHCb: TIpuicy*AeHHe MomxkHocTei, Ha- mpuMep, 6udaxwa (,,8Toporo Mocse maps”, COBETHNKA, HH HaMecTHHkKa) cnaxnema (rmaBHoKoMaHAyIollero BOlcKaMH); JapoBaHHe JouepH Waps B 2eHBI (nad sanux dadan); MapoBaHHe oma (Max) M MoMecTEA (xadax). Tn ToslepxKaHHA GoeBoro AyXa BOHHOB B Gol0 Hi BO BpeMA MOXoMa, a TAKKE JUIA YCTpAallleHUA MpOTHBHHKa VCrOsMbIOBAMHCb pasnH4HbIe crloco6p! Wy- MOBOrO BO3AelicTBMA: KPHKH (gaz), NecHH M Mpa Ha TaKHX MY3bIKAJIDHBIX MHCTpyMeHTax, Kak 6apa6aH (mymbax), TpOcTHUKOBaA AyAKa (Hatt) u po- KOK, 110 (bopMe HanoMuHaBUIHe OLIYHHt XBOCT (zasdym6). Tepes Hayasom 1 BO BpeMs GOA HCTIObIOBAsHCh BCCBO3MOXKHBIC CHTHAIbHBIC CHCTEMbI (Bo3:KHrasIMch CHTHasIbHBIe OTHH Ha BeplIMHaXx rop — CHTHadl K MOOMIIH3a- LMM Bolick, McrOMb30BasINCb ApeccHpoBaHHble H OGycHHbIe SoeBble KOHN, MIpHMeHAIMcb CielMayIbHBIe 2KeCTSI, KpHKH HT. 11.). K o6y4eHHto BOCHHOMY WCKyCccTBY leTeli MpucTynamH He LoxKUfasch COBepUCHHONeTHA (15 ater). OcHosHoe BHUMaHHe yslenamocb BepxoBoli e3e (6apak maxman), cTpeab6e u3 slyKa (Muep 6UCMaH), Ape Ha MY3bIKAJIbHBIX HHCTPYMEHTAX, IPOH3HECe- HHIO MOJMTB M pHTYAaJIbHBIX opmys1. O6yyaTb sTOMY, MO-BHAMMOMY, Ha- uHHamH c CeMHNeTHero Bo3pacTa. BpeMcHHbIM XKHJIMUIeM BO BpeMs TIyTe- 71